资源简介

(共32张PPT)
命题点一　冠词的2个命题角度
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟
Mr Smith is a① teacher from the United States. He was the first ② foreign teacher I had met. In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River④ when a ship was wrecked. The Smiths⑤ came up to help the injured⑥ and saved a boy by catching him by the arm⑦. The boy's parents said they were the kindest⑧ people in the world⑨. They would remember the couple⑩ forever.
规则感悟
①表示泛指“某个”。
②用于序数词之前。
③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。
⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。
⑥用于形容词前，表示某一类人或物。
⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。
⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。
命题角度1　不定冠词的基本用法
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then，when you use one section，________other stays fresh.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
the
解析：one...the other...意为“一个……另一个……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。
the
解析：空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑用冠词，根据language后的“used for the medical training instructions”可知，此处表特指。故填定冠词the。
3．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
4．(2022·全国甲卷)________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
The
解析：The Brown family表“布朗一家”，首字母需要大写。故用定冠词The。
A
解析：此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词， friend以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，空处位于句首。故填A。
5．________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
The
解析：此处意为“林肯一家”。根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the＋姓氏复数”，表夫妇俩或一家人。设空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
(一)不定冠词
1．三种基本用法
(1)表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
人们普遍认为男孩必须学会站起来并像个男子汉一样去奋斗。
(2)表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时，通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the night sky.那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
(3)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
2．两种灵活用法
(1)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。
A Mr White with some big bags is waiting to see you at the school gate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。
(2)“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一；再一”；“a most＋形容词”中的most表示“非常；很”。
He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
For a great many men and women，romance can be a most important part of marriage.对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。
3．不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。
抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。
After we prepared all the equipment for an outdoor photography，suddenly a heavy rain came.
我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨。
Tony is a famous pianist. I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.
托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。
微练1　单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江金华高三一模)The country now offers visa exemptions (免签) for dozens of nationalities, as well as ________ 144-hour visa-free transit (运输) policy at a growing number of ports of entry.
2．(2025·石家庄毕业年级摸底检测)Liu Shaochuang, ________ remote sensing specialist, realised that he was in a unique position to help with remote sensing—the use of satellites.
3．(2025·重庆第一次联合考试)The embroidery of China's Miao minority, ________ ethnic group mainly living in the country's southern regions, is an incredible artistic tradition lasting for more than 2，000 years.
a
a
an
(二)定冠词(5种基本用法)
1．特指某人或某事。
Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
昨天约翰的父亲给他买了一辆新自行车。这辆自行车花了他200元。
2．用在含有普通名词的专有名词前，或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only、very、same等之前。
Could you give me some advice on the best way to solve the problem？你能就解决这个问题的最好办法给我一些建议吗？
4．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the week，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，则其前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。
—It's said John will get a job paying over $60，000 a year.
——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.——是的，他的工资也将会按周支付。
5．某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。
The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.
受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·山东烟台高三期中)Originating from the concept of “fish migration” and its relationship with the water surface, the ecological design of the wetlands honors ________ water culture of the Yangtze River, which is integrated into architectural modeling, plant system, and furniture construction.
the
2．(2025·山东聊城高三期中)Events like rhythmic gymnastics and women's boxing all achieved the breakthrough of zero Olympic gold medals, and the freestyle BMX (小轮车) event even won ________ first Olympic gold medal.
3．(2024·湖南湘东十校高三联考)However, those future effects depend on ________ amount of carbon dioxide we emit.
the
the
(三)零冠词
1．用于固定结构中的零冠词。
“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，＋主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Young man as he is，he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。
2．no与such连用时放在such之前，而such后的名词前不用冠词。
As the saying goes，there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something，go and earn it.俗话说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。
命题角度2　固定搭配中的冠词
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标卷Ⅰ)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for________first time.
the
解析：此处考查固定表达for the first time，意为“第一次”。所以填the。
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
a
解析：a touch of “少许，微量”，是固定搭配。注意：第一个and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。
3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
4．While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit！
the
解析：此处是固定句型：倍数＋the size of＋比较成分。应用定冠词the。
a
解析：must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是辅音音素开头的词。故填a。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
　　
Only by reading the latest issue of this magazine can you have a knowledge of the astronauts' life in space.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。
微练3　单句语法填空
1.(2025·陕西部分学校高三适应性考试)Since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was proposed by China in 2013, China ________ (open) wider. Gilbank's experience is a microcosm (缩影) of the story of ________ increasing number of foreigners settling down in Xi'an.
2．(2024·山东枣庄二调)Between 2016 and 2019, the 58-year-old Swiss artist Catherine Gfeller embarked on a journey to ________ number of Chinese cities, focusing her lens on women.
has opened
an
a
3．(2024·江西鹰潭二模)Zhang has made over 1，600 family visits annually for the past 12 years, covering ________ total distance of 110，000 kilometers.
a
好题再练——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·湖北新高考协作体期中)If you visit Dujiangyan, you will see ________ unique construction that resembles a fish's mouth.
2．(2025·郑州高三检测)Luban lock, ________ traditional Chinese folk educational toy, is said to have been invented by Zhuge Kongming with Chinese carpenter (木匠) Lu Ban's techniques.
a
a
3．(2025·河北调研检测)Chinatown is ________ important part of Toronto's story. It's a place that connects the past and present, showing how different cultures can add to the city's character.
4．(2025·“皖南八校”高三联考)Dongyang wood carving is inseparable from rosewood. In ________ 1980s, rosewood furniture gained in popularity.
5．(2025·重庆高三模拟五)After ________ founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Shu embroidery technique was ________ (great) improved and it developed various new kinds.
an
the
the
greatly
6．(2025·河北石家庄三模)The next year, he ordered that the day after Hanshi Day should be the Qingming Festival, a day to honor ________ dead.
7．(2025·安徽江南十校联考)Confucius stresses that self-discipline is ________ must for practicing the rules of propriety (礼) and achieving ren.
8．(2025·福建适应性练习)In China, opera is ________ art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely depends on the actors' inner strength and acting skills.
the
a
an
Ⅱ.语法填空
Mariah Reading, an artist from Maine, saw so much garbage during hikes through national parks that it alarmed her 1.________ great deal. But at 2.________ same time, it struck her that she would collect the trash and use it as her canvas. Since 2017, Reading has painted and photographed 3.________ large quantity of discarded cans, crumpled (皱巴巴的) plastic water bottles, even old hubcaps. As 4.________ consequence, when held just right they blend in seamlessly (天衣无缝) with nature. Instead of messy objects, the trash has become landscapes. She calls it “breathing new life into forgotten objects”.
a
the
a
a
1．解析：a great deal “很”。
2．解析：at the same time “与此同时”。
3．解析：a large quantity of “大量的； 许多的”。
4．解析：as a consequence “因此；所以”。(共30张PPT)
命题点三　介词的2个命题角度
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟
　　It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November，2021.My parents left home at③ 6：00 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours. However，it wasn't long before④ someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw a stranger. I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didn't open it until⑤ my parents came back. During⑥ the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn't listen to him. On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦ two hours since 6：10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years？
①on指在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、早上、晚上。
②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。
③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。
④before在……之前。
⑤until在此句中作连词，而不是介词，表示“直到……时候”。
⑥during在……期间。
⑦for表示延续一段时间。
⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。
命题角度1　介词的基本用法
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved ________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
for
解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，应用for“(表示对象、用途等)给，对，供”。
2．(2024·九省联考)He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also ________ old-fashioned fountain pens.
with
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处是not only...but also连接的并列项，结合not only后面的“by hand”可知，空处也需要填介词，且意为“用”；表示“使用工具”需要用到with。所以填with。
3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history ________ the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
4．(2022·北京卷) Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
as
解析：根据句意可知，空处表“作为”，as是介词，意为“作为”。故填as。
in
解析：in the evening意为“在晚上”，为固定搭配。故填in。
5．While riding his bike home ________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
6．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ________ the late 1980s.
on
解析：表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等，需用介词on。故填on。
until
解析：此处表 “直到20世纪80年代后期它才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表 “直到……才……”用固定句型 “not ... until ...”。故填until。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
介词的基本用法
①We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.我们必须找到一个令人满意的方法来解决这个问题。
②(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)To enrich my holiday life, I learned how to play the electronic organ this summer, which was of great benefit to me.为了丰富我的假期生活，今年夏天我学习了电子琴，这对我很有好处。
③We do not see nature with our eyes, but with our understandings and our hearts.我们不是用眼睛看大自然，而是用我们的理解和心灵看大自然。
微练1　单句语法填空
1.(2025·湖南湘东十校高三联考)________ immediate and large-scale efforts to reduce emissions, the effects of climate change will only become more severe in the coming decades.
2．(2025·温州高三第一次适应性考试)Unlike ginger and Sichuan peppers, which are native to the region and widely used, chilli peppers were brought to China ________ America by Portuguese and Dutch explorers only in the 16th century.
Without
from
3．(2025·浙江五校联盟联考)In many cases, the paint has not survived the centuries after the warriors were burnt by fires or soaked in floods, but a few of the warriors have been unearthed ________ their original colouring still largely undamaged.
4．(2025·浙江温州三模)China Post issued a set of six special stamps based on this painting ________ May 18，2022. This set of stamps, designed by Xing Wenwei, fully reproduces the artistic conception of the original painting, ________ (create) a unique visual effect.
with
on
creating
命题角度2　固定搭配中的介词
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ________ Romeo and Juliet.
to
解析：考查介词。be similar to是固定短语，意为“与……相似”。故填to。
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you'll find them prepared differently—more dumplings and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled.
by
解析：by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。故填by。
3．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
to
解析：from ... to ... “从……到……”，是固定搭配。
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
5．(2023·北京卷)Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ________ global water issues.
as
解析：固定短语：serve as “充当；担任”。故填as。
to
解析：表示“关注；引起对……的注意”的短语为call attention to。故填to。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment.
她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须为拯救环境承担责任。
(2024·浙江1月卷应用文)So if you're looking for a way to get more exercise during the day，I highly recommend trying jump rope as a 10-minute break time sport. 因此，如果你正在寻找一种在白天增加运动量的方法，我强烈推荐尝试跳绳作为10分钟休息时间的运动。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·辽宁点石联考高三期中)The luo weaving technique stands ________， particularly for the demanding level of craftsmanship.
2．(2025·“皖南八校”高三大联考)Dongyang is home ________ 11 national-level masters of arts and crafts and 60 provincial-level ones.
3．(2025·湖北宜昌协作体期中)Although tales of its origin differ, the two-thousand-year-old festival is widely celebrated ________ memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet during the Warring States Period (475—221 BC).
out
to
in
好题再练——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·山东枣庄二调)In each city, she met around 10 women of various professional backgrounds to talk ________ depth before taking photos and filming them.
in
2．(2025·山东实验中学一模)Many tourism officials are using techniques to promote cultural tourism, ________ (leave) netizens screaming in amusement. Shifting from online hype (炒作) to offline engagement, tourism authorities in other provinces also compete ________ tourists.
3．(2025·广东高三联考)In the Forbidden City, the dragons, whether flying in the sky, leaping between beams (梁)，or hidden ________ the details, all tell ancient stories.
leaving
for
in
4．(2025·浙江宁波高三一模)Pasquale Terracciano, from Italy's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, viewed the exhibition ________ a symbol of renewal and dialogue, highlighting the role of art in bridging cultural divides.
5．(2025·广东第二次调研)The skateboarding community in Beijing has also taken me ________ surprise. I remember the first time going out on a street skating session with my Canadian friend.
as
by
Ⅱ.语法填空
On a list of life goals that I have so far failed to complete, learning a foreign language is somewhere near the top. I always wanted to be fluent 1.________ a second language. But aside 2.________ memorizing a few useful phrases in high school Spanish classes and taking a Japanese course in college, I have yet to master a foreign language.
in
from
My wife Melissa Gorski can learn a language in a weekend—3.________ least enough to get around a foreign city. She's handy 4.________ Spanish and French. She once taught herself Japanese using an off-brand CD box set before a trip 5.________ Tokyo. Then she did it again with Italian. These days, we know our roles when traveling: She does all the talking, and I nod and eat. That hasn't dampened my passion 6.________ languages and words. I love their history and meaning, the way they change and evolve over time, and the different sounds and rhythms 7.________ each language.
at
with
to
for
of
1．解析：be fluent in“在……方面流畅”。
2．解析：介词短语aside from “除了……还”。
3．解析：介词短语at least “至少”，填介词at。
4．解析：be handy with “对……驾轻就熟；对……得心应手”。
5．解析：a trip to “去某地的旅行”。
6．解析：one's passion for ... 表“对……的酷爱；爱好……”， 应用介词for。
7．解析：此处属于“the ＋名词＋of”结构，表“……的……”。
1.在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁
[典例]　我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊！
We picked apples while having a good taste of them. What a pleasure！
[运用]　因为被内容所吸引，阅读Youth成为我每天必须做的一件事。
___________________________________________________________
Because I am attracted by the contents，reading Youth becomes a must for me every day.
2.使用it作形式主语可以丰富文章句式
[典例]　学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。(2022·全国乙卷)
It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline，and it's also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
[运用]　得知我获得了一等奖，三天后将举行颁奖典礼，我感到很兴奋。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
________________________________________________________________________
It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.
3.使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多
[典例]　我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。(2022·浙江1月卷)
I thought it impossible to persuade him into accepting my views，so I didn't want to waste our time discussing.
[运用]　埃娃方向感很差，在这么大的建筑里她根本无法四处走动。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)
________________________________________________________________________
Having a poor sense of direction，Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building.
4.用介词短语代替简单的状语从句
[典例]　由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。(2022·全国乙卷)
Because of their lack of self-discipline，they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.
[运用]　最终，由于我的坚持和艰苦的努力，我可以自由、独立地滑冰。(2023·全国乙卷)
________________________________________________________________________
Eventually，because of my persistence and painstaking efforts，I could skate freely all by myself.
5.用介词短语吸引阅卷老师眼球
[典例]　这段经历根植于我的脑海中，我逐渐认识到，每个人都有自己的闪光点。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
With this experience rooted in my mind, I came to realize that everyone has his own flash point.
[运用]　埃娃凝视着高耸的教学楼，脸上露出了微笑，她想到了一个好主意。(2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)
__________________________________________________________________________________
Staring at the towering teaching building, Eva came up with a good idea, with a smile blooming across her face.(共45张PPT)
命题点二　代词的2个命题角度
命题角度1　根据一致关系、句子成分确定代词的正确形式
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟
　I① am a senior high school student and I① want to join our② school football team，but the person in charge has rejected me③. I have to spend my② spare time practicing football to improve myself④. Look! The football under the bed is mine⑤. It has been worn out.
规则感悟
①人称代词的主格形式作主语。
②形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。
③人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。
④反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。
⑤名词性物主代词，后面不加名词可作主语、宾语或表语。
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·全国甲卷)This area，with________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty，must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
its
解析：考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)Who knows，perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
ones
解析：考查代词。代词one意为“(某类人中的)一个”，在some of后应用复数形式。
their
解析：此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子馅”。
4．She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
5．(2022·北京卷)Since people can't always eat out or cook for ________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
herself
解析：根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填herself。
themselves
解析：空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一个人时，宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。
6．(全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
them
解析：此处作find的宾语，应用宾格them。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
代词的形式：人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格。
2．两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
(1)在单数人称代词作并列主语中，“I”放在最后，排列顺序：二 三 一(人称)；宾格也一样，“me”要放在最后。但当要承担责任或涉及不好的事情时，通常把第一人称放在前面；而复数人称代词作主语时，排列顺序为一二三(人称)即we→you→they。
You, he and I are in different classes.你、我还有他在不同的班级。
Mr Wang asked Li Ming and me to help him.王先生请求李明和我去帮助他。
I, he and you will be punished for doing that.我，他和你都要因做这事而受惩罚。
We, you and they should help each other.我们，你们和他们都应该互相帮助。
(2)第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。
He and she were sitting face to face.他和她正面对面地坐着。
3．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词可作主语、表语和宾语。
The author can report other people's results which more or less agree with hers.作者可以发表与她自己的观点或多或少一致的别人的成果。
微练1　单句语法填空
1.(2025·湖北宜昌协作体期中)When Qu realized his country's decline was beyond recovery, he became so unhappy that he killed ________ (he) on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
2．(2025·辽宁名校联盟高三期中)In the novel Water Margin, Gao Qiu was promoted to a high official position just because of ________ (he) high degree of skills at playing cuju.
himself
his
3．(2025·浙江金华高三一模)Traveling to China as a foreigner isn't the simplest affair. Visa applications can be complicated, and navigating (穿梭) this highly automated society with ________ (it) own digital ecosystem can be frightening.
its
命题角度2　纯设空类代词的考法
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
it
解析：设空处作give的宾语，且指代上一句中的Running，故用代词it。 也可以理解是固定短语give it a try “试一试”。
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.
3．(浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
it
解析：根据语境可知，此处应用it指代文中的the railway。
it
解析：设空处是形式主语，不定式短语to eat out是真正的主语，作形式主语应用it。
解题攻略 ——由“一题”通“一类”
一、it的用法
1.指天气、时间、距离、环境等。
It is early spring，but it is already very hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。
It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。
2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。
Although he doesn't like it，I decide to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。
What will you call it if it is a boy 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb.＋不定式
It is important for students to learn English well.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。
It was foolish of him to leave the door open after he left the office.
他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)
③It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder...)/adj.＋that从句
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)Hence, it would be a great idea for us to choose partners freely.
因此，对我们来说，自由选择合作伙伴将是一个好主意。
④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb....)＋that从句
It seems that he has made a serious mistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。
⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。
⑥It takes sb. time/patience/effort/energy to do sth.
It took him much energy to write the novel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth./宾语从句
I find it easy to get on with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。
He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。
(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)I would appreciate it if you can take my following proposals into consideration. 如果您能考虑我以下的建议，我将不胜感激。
5．it的常用短语或句型。
(1)When it comes to learning English，reading widely is of great importance.
当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。
(2)I can't help it if he is always complaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。
(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.
尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。
(4)As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。
(5)I take it that you don't agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。
(6)It is/has been three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。
(7)It was three years before he returned home.过了三年他才回家。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·太原三模)Laozi believed water had diverse virtues including justice, courage and righteousness, so ________ was suggested that people should learn from water and cultivate their sense of morality.
2．(2025·河北唐山一模)This overlapping nature leaves openings in the front and back of the skirt, making ________ very suitable for horse-riding.
3．(2025·沈阳二中二模)If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who worked devotedly for our country, they wouldn't have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people make ________？
it
it
it
二、不定代词
(一)both，either，neither，all，any，none，each的用法比较
1．both(两者都)、either(两者中的任何一个)、neither(两者都不)，以上三个词的使用范围为两者。
As far as I could tell, neither of us was under observation.据我所知，我们俩都没被监视。
2．both与复数名词连用，either与单数名词连用。
Both sides are looking for ways to settle their differences.双方都在寻找解决分歧的方法。
There are many tall buildings on either side of the street.街道两旁有许多高楼。
3．all(所有的，全部的人或物)、any(任何一个)、none(都不)，以上这些词使用范围为三者或三者以上。
All the soldiers were praised for bravery in battle.所有士兵都因英勇作战而受到表扬。
4．all和both与not 连用表示部分否定；none以及not...any表示全部否定。
Not all the machines of the company are imported.这家公司并非所有的机器都是进口的。
Not both of the substances are dissolved in water.这两种物质并非都溶于水。
None of you had the courage to face the situation.你们都没有勇气面对这种情况。
5．each可指两者，也可指两者以上。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
我相信我们每个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。
(二)another，other，the other，others，the others的用法比较
1．another既可以单独使用，也可以用于可数名词单数前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another＋数词＋可数名词复数”中，表示“再、又”。
(2022·浙江1月高考应用文)For one thing, we got a glimpse of various aesthetic masterpieces，from Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings. And for another, the festival unfolded the two countries' profound history.
首先，我们见识了各种美学杰作，从中国书法到爱尔兰绘画。其次，这个节日也展现了两国深厚的历史。
2．other可用作形容词，意为“别的、其他的”，泛指“其他的(人或物)”。
They will then have more money to spend on other things.
以后他们将有更多的钱花在其他事情上。
3．(1)the other指两个人或物中的一个，不能用another替代，此时other作代词使用。
What made you choose the one rather than the other？是什么使你选了这一个而不是另一个？
(2)the other后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数，不可接不可数名词，此时other作形容词使用。
She turned over on her stomach on the other side of the bed.她翻了个身趴在了床的另一边。
He played the violin, and he stood out from all the other musicians.
他演奏了小提琴，把其他所有音乐家都比下去了。
4．others泛指“另外几个/其他的人或物”，不能作定语。others表示复数意义，相当于“other＋复数名词”。
(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Some students prefer to read English books, some like listening to English songs better, others view watching English movies as the most effective way to practice English.
有些学生喜欢读英语书，有些学生更喜欢听英语歌曲，还有一些学生认为看英语电影是练习英语的最有效的方法。
5．the others相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”，指剩下的全部。
The snowy main peak towers above all the others.
白雪皑皑的主峰高耸于其他山峰之上。
(三)one，ones，that，those的用法比较
在文中为避免重复，one、ones、that和those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。
1．one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于“a/an＋可数名词单数”；ones用来代替前面出现的可数名词复数，也表泛指。
2．that代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。
3．those代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于the ones。
[名师点津]　a/an＋可数名词单数＝one；
the＋可数名词单数＝that/the one；
the＋不可数名词＝that；
the＋可数名词复数＝the ones/those；
可数名词复数＝ones。
微练3　单句语法填空
1.(2025·陕西阶段性检测卷二)In Chinese mythology, the dragon is associated with the emperor, ________ considered to be a symbol of power, prosperity (繁荣), and good fortune.
2．(2025·四川绵阳高三一诊)Some netizens called the story ‘awesome’， while ________ found it a touching example of the bond between a father and son, a worthy lesson for other families.
one
others
3．(2025·福州十校高三联考)China has nearly 5，000 years of recorded history. However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than ________ of its writing, which can be traced back to more than 7, 000 years ago.
that
好题再练——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·衡水中学一调)Running for more than 20，000 kilometers, the Great Wall is a historical landmark of unparalleled glory, but climbing ________ is hard work.
it
2．(2025·长沙雅礼中学检测)When a young man reached 18 or 20 years old, the capping ceremony, consisting of several procedures, would be held. The hair of the young man should be done up and pinned, and after ________ three caps of different materials should be placed on the youth's head.
3．(2025·山东淄博一模)It's extremely dry here, with the amount of annual evaporation (蒸发) being more than 60 times ________ of the annual rainfall.
that
that
4．(2025·广州综合测试二)Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the printed word. ________ have a big appetite for making and eating food.
5．(2025·山东聊城高三期中)They dared to fight and compete in the face of pressure, going beyond ________ (they) in the face of challenges.
Others
themselves
Ⅱ.语法填空
My mom 1.________ (she) was the queen of snacks. 2.________ (she) philosophy on life was simple: If you had a bad day, you deserved a treat. If you had a good day, you deserved a treat. Basically, everyone deserves treats all the time. She kept 3.________ (we) snack cabinet stocked and loved to bake, which explains why friends always wanted to hang out at 4.________ (I) house. Mom took 5.________ (we) to Dairy Queen so often that they hired 6.________ (I), and I spent a summer making cones and sundaes.
herself
Her
our
my
us
me
1．解析：空处作同位语，且与主语My mom是同一人， 应用反身代词。填herself。
2．解析：空处作定语修饰名词philosophy, 应用形容词性物主代词作定语。填Her。
3．解析：空处作定语，修饰名词snack cabinet，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。填our。
4．解析：空处作定语修饰名词house, 应用形容词性物主代词作定语。填my。
5．解析：空处作动词宾语， 应填宾格代词us。
6．解析：空处作从句中动词的宾语，应填宾格代词me。

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