资源简介

(共42张PPT)
重点三　谓语动词不可忽视的2个非常规考法
非常规考法1　动词的构词规律
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
(全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
strengthen
strengthen　语境表“锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉”， 此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
微练　单句语法填空
1.(2025·山东青岛高三一模)___is said that since January, goods with
dragon-themed elements, such as daily necessities, alcohol and gold
jewelry, ________________ (prefer) by consumers.
2．(2024·山东潍坊三模)The Thangka painting is not a flat creation but consists of a painted picture panel, over which a fabric is mounted, and then over which _____ (lay) a cover, usually silk.
It
have been preferred
is laid
3．(2024·河南十校5月联考)What TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) doctors do know
is that this rise and fall throughout the body is put down to the flow of qi throughout the body. When this concentration of qi reaches different organs, it cheers or ________ (strength) them to do their functions.
4．Health policy specialists say the move will likely ______ (wide) the country's health inequalities.
5．In the process of creating the civilized city, we all should do our best to ________ (beauty) our community.
6．I am about to ________ (apology) to the boy, but he is gone.
strengthens
widen
beautify
apologize
非常规考法2　情态动词和虚拟语气
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟 规则感悟
Mr Zhang—Z　Mr Wang—W
(Beside the river，Mr Zhang and Mr Wang are quivering as if they were① in cold winter.)
Z：I wish I had① something hot to drink.
W：I would rather I hadn't invited② you to go out.
Z：How big a fish! If only I had caught② it.
W: If only you hadn't fallen② into the river! If only we had① dry clothes now! Now I wish your wife wouldn't blame③ this on me. as if好像，wish希望，would rather宁可，if only要是……就好了，这四个词汇后的从句往往用虚拟语气。
①对现在的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。
②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋done。
③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might/should＋动词原形，would rather从句中用一般过去时。
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 _____have the
parent/guardian approval section signed.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)______it be possible，I truly hope you can take
my suggestions into consideration.
3．(2022·浙江6月卷)He throws his arms and legs out as if he ________
(fly)，his eyes wide with excitement.
4．(天津卷)You shouldn't __________ (scold) him for his poor
performance. After all, he had done his best.
must
Should
were flying
have scolded
一、情态动词
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
考点一　情态动词的基本用法
语境感悟
①You must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。
②One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们的其中一项规定是学生在校期间必须穿校服。
③There are some health problems that，when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，以后会变得更严重。
考点二　谓语中含有情态动词的时态和被动语态
①There's no light in the room. They must have gone to bed.房间里没有灯光，他们肯定已经上床睡觉了。
②In sports and many areas of life, we think of failures as evidence of something we could have done better.在体育运动和生活的许多领域，我们认为失败是我们本可以做得更好的佐证。
③He is upset. You shouldn't have told him the bad news.他很难过。你本不应该告诉他这个坏消息的。
微练1　用适当的情态动词填空
1.Passengers _______talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because
it will take his focus off the road.
2．Although passing the driving test ____be difficult now, it's worth the efforts.
3．Why are you here It's class time and you ______be in the classroom now.
mustn't
can
should
4．It is raining heavily outside. You ________ as well stay here for the
night.
5．Their answers are exactly the same—one of them _____have copied
from the other.
6．When the old couple lived in Chongqing, they ______ take a walk in a nearby park on a fine afternoon.
may/might
must
would
二、虚拟语气
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
考点一　虚拟语气在 if条件句中的运用
①If there were no air，we couldn't live.
如果没有空气，我们就不能存活。
②If there had been no air in the tube，the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.如果管子里没有空气，实验的结果就会更精确。
③If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.如果他明天来，事情就容易多了。
考点二　虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种条件
1．在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It's vital that we ( should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.
重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
2．在would rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。
3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。
4．wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
·对现在的虚拟： 过去式(be的过去式用were)
·对过去的虚拟： had＋过去分词
·对将来的虚拟：would/could/might＋动词原形
I wish (that) I were ten years younger.我希望我能年轻十岁。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。
考点三　3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
It is (high)time (that)... 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”(should不能省略)
If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。
It is high time that we started/should start out.我们该出发了。
He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing had happened.
他把计划搞砸了，但他表现得若无其事。
考点四　含蓄虚拟条件句
1．有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)来表示。
We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.
如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程。
2．用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
I'm really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
3．虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
She would have come to see you but she was ill that day.要是那天她没生病，她就来看你了。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I ____________ (go) there with them.
2．I wish he ________ (tell) me the truth last week.
3．I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class.If only I ______________ (complete) my homework last night!
would have gone
had told
had completed
4．He talks about the creatures of the Amazon rainforest as if he
________ (explore) there before.
5．Her advice is that good study habits ______________ (form) in one's childhood.
6．It's high time that we _______________ (apply) ourselves to the task of protecting our environment.
had explored
(should) be formed
applied/should apply
好题再练——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Everyone ________ make an effort to keep the air clear in Lhasa.
2．What is important is that stamps ____help the French people
understand Chinese culture.
3．The doctor recommended that the medicine ______________ (take) three times a day.
4．When the kite was in the air, people ______cut off the string to let the paper kite float away.
should
can
(should) be taken
would
5．When looking at a Chinese painting, you ____not initially realize its
complex concept.
6．Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks _____be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
7．Tom wishes that he __________ (study) law instead of history when he was in university.
8．But he added that even minor genetic changes ________ have serious consequences.
may
might
had studied
may/might
Ⅱ.语法填空(情态动词与虚拟语气篇)
I 1._______have worried before I came to the new school，for my
classmates here are very friendly to me. Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer. I wish I 2._______ (dance) as well as her. No one 3.____ be compared with
her in dancing. Jack is more of a talker than a doer. Teachers always tell
him it's high time that he 4.__________ (do) something instead of just talking. Every time I get close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，I 5.____say “Ni Hao” to them. Teachers recommend that parents
6._______________ (not，allow) their children under 12 to ride bicycles
to school for safety.
needn't
danced
can
did/should do
will
(should) not allow
Students 7._____obey school rules. Every student must wear school
uniform while at school. If a student 8.________ (not，wear) school
uniform，he would be punished immediately. According to the rules，
students 9._____get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order
to get the scholarship. It is beyond my imagination that students here
10.______ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me.
must
didn't wear
shall
should
1．needn't　句意：因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。所以用needn't。
2．danced　wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在事实相反。所以用danced。
3．can　句意：没有人能跳得和她一样好，表示“能力”用can。
4．did/should do　It is high time that sb. should do/did sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了。
5．will　句意：每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will表示意愿。
6．(should) not allow　recommend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
7．must　句意：学生必须服从校规。must 表示强制。
8．didn't wear　因为主句谓语用would do，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件状语从句中谓语用过去式。
9．shall　shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。
10．should　句意：我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷于《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 should在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。
1.时态的交叉使用
[典例]　我正在写信跟你分享我上周五在公园上的一节美术课。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. [运用]　虽然我对你去年离开中国感到有点遗憾，但我很高兴知道你在家乡过着幸福的生活。(2022·浙江1月卷)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Though I felt a little sorry that you left China last year，I am pleased to know you are leading a happy life in your hometown.
2.利用“主将从现”的规律
[典例]　如果学生和一个相处不好或沟通有困难的人在一起，他们会感到不舒服或缺乏动力。
Students will feel uncomfortable or less motivated if they are paired with someone they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with. [运用]　如果你下周日有空，我会在学校门口等你，我相信我们会在一起玩得很开心。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
If you are available next Sunday，I will wait for you at the school gate and I'm sure we will have a good time together.
3.被动语态的适当运用
[典例]　我希望通过分享我的个人故事，其他人能受到启发，在自己童年的爱好和梦想中找到快乐和成长。(2023·上海卷)
I hope that by sharing my personal story，others will be inspired to find joy and growth in their own childhood hobbies and dreams. [运用]　由于我被他的慷慨感动了，我坚持至少请他吃顿午饭，以表示我的感激之情。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
Since I ________________________________，I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as a token of my appreciation.
was touched by his generosity
4.情态动词的妙用
[典例]　我指了指手机，让他把电话号码给我，这样我回来后就可以联系他了。(2024·新课标卷读后续写)
I pointed at my phone and asked him to give his phone number to me so that I could contact him when I came back here. [运用]　也许下次我们可以一起计划去公园参观，你也可以尝试着画下那里的风景。(2024·新课标卷应用文)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Maybe we can plan a visit to the park together next time, and you can try your hand at painting the scenery.
5.虚拟语气巧利用
(1)if条件句的虚拟
[典例]　如果我没有充分利用这次机会为写作比赛做准备，我就不会获得一等奖。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
If I hadn't made the most of the chance to prepare for the writing contest，I wouldn't have gained first prize. [运用]　如果我没读英文报Youth，我在英语方面就不会有这么大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
If I hadn't read the newspaper Youth，I wouldn't have made such great progress in English.
(2)利用“It's high time that...”表虚拟
[典例]　总之，是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。(2022·全国甲卷)
All in all, it is high time that we should devote/devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean. [运用]　总之，现在是我们提高环境保护意识的时候了。
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
In a word，it is high time that we should raise our awareness of environmental protection.
(3)should的适当运用
[典例]　我建议你先上听说课，理由如下。
I recommend that you should take the Listening and Speaking course first for the following reasons. [运用]　按要求，想要参加的同学需准时到报告厅看电影并参与讨论。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
It is required that anyone who wants to participate should arrive at the lecture hall on time to watch the movie and take part in the discussion.
(4)利用含蓄虚拟条件句
[典例]　如果没有我老师的鼓励，我是不可能获奖的。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
Without my teacher's encouragement，I couldn't have won the prize. [运用]　若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
But for/Without her help and professional instruction，I couldn't have made such great progress in English study.
6.利用句型，“亮”化句子
[典例]　只有根据学生的语言能力和个人偏好进行配对，才能确保有一个支持性和富有成效的学习环境。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
Only by pairing up students based on their language abilities and personal preference can it ensure a supportive and productive learning environment. [运用]　从学习经历中，我完全懂得了，只有通过大量练习，我们才能克服各种困难。(2023·全国乙卷)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
From the learning experience，I fully understand that only by practicing a lot can we overcome many kinds of difficulties.(共77张PPT)
重点二　谓语必考虑的3关键
关键1　动词时态
情境导入 ——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟 规则感悟
　　At first，Jack wasn't fond of studying and was addicted to computer games. Every time his mother went① to his room，she found that he was playing② computer games. His father had condemned③ him many times before he went to middle school，so he promised that he would study④ hard and quit computer games.
　　It is amazing that Jack has changed⑤ a lot in the past three years. Whenever asked about Jack's performance at school，his mother always answers⑥ proudly，“He has been making⑦ progress and he will be admitted to⑧ a good college if he keeps working hard like this.” ①是一般过去时，结构为谓语动词用过去式形式。
②是过去进行时，结构为was/were＋现在分词。
③是过去完成时，结构为had＋过去分词。
④是过去将来时，结构为would＋动词原形。
⑤是现在完成时，结构为have/has＋过去分词。
⑥是一般现在时，结构为谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。
⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为have/has been＋现在分词。
⑧是一般将来时，被动语态结构为will＋be＋过去分词。
高考先行 ——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·九省联考)He feels that neat handwriting __ (be) still an
important skill，so he has his students write not only by hand but also with old-fashioned fountain pens.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a
zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
3．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
is
wished
has walked
4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
5．(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony.
6．(2022·天津卷)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school __________ (cancel) the party.
threw
addressed
had cancelled
1．is　分析句子结构可知，该空在宾语从句中作谓语。结合主句的时态可知，宾语从句的时态也用一般现在时；主语neat handwriting是第三人称单数。所以空处需要填is。
2．wished　根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I'm living out that dream”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时。故填wished。
3．has walked　根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
4．threw　设空处与and 后面的 started为并列谓语，空处应用一般过去时。故填过去式threw。
5．addressed　空处作谓语，且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
6．had cancelled　“学校取消派对”发生在found out 之前，表“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had cancelled。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
考点一　3类热考时态
一、一般现在时
1．表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。
As students，we often spend long hours sitting in class.(2024·浙江1月卷应用文)
作为学生，我们经常要在教室里坐很长时间。
2．在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
3．表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象(在过去的语境中也用一般现在时)。
The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
4．表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等将要发生的动作，只限于go，arrive，leave，start，return，begin，come，take off 等动词(短语)。
The flight takes off at 8：30 every Wednesday and Friday.这个航班每周三和周五8：30 起飞。
二、一般过去时
1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，three years ago，the other day等时间状语连用。
Last Friday, our class had an art lesson in a park near our school. (2024·新课标卷应用文)上周五，我们班在学校附近的公园上了一节美术课。
2．根据上下文或主从句提示。
As a little girl，I wished to be a zookeeper when I grew up.当我是一个小女孩时，我就希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
3．时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
三、现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词)
1．表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。
These developments in transportation have raised our quality of life and showed the power of science. (2024·全国甲卷书面表达)
这些交通方面的发展提高了我们的生活质量，彰显了科学的力量。
2．表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在。常与之连用的时间状语有lately，recently，until now，ever since，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，so far等。
①In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
②His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
3．下列句型中常用现在完成时：
This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时
This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时
①As far as I know, it is the first time that you have decided to celebrate the Chinese New Year，which will impress you greatly.
据我所知，这是你第一次决定过中国新年，这将给你留下深刻的印象。
②It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
微练1　单句语法填空
1.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here.
2．(2023·北京卷)Up to now，China ______________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
means
has established
3．(2025·辽宁点石联考)“Silk has a particularly deep historical background ____is an important symbol of Chinese civilization. It
________ (be) an important carrier of Chinese culture since ancient times, and remains so today，” says Wang Hairong, director of the China Silk Dijin Limited Company.
4．(2025·山东聊城高三)At the 2024 Paris Olympics, Chinese athletes, with their unbreakable fighting spirit and outstanding competitive strength, ________ (write) a new chapter in Chinese sports.
and
has been
wrote
考点二　其他6类时态
四、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by＋过去时间点，by the end of＋过去时间点，by the time＋从句，until/before/since＋过去时间点或从句。
She lived with a family she had never met and everything was new to her.(2023·全国乙卷)
她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是新鲜的。
2．在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.
他们刚从房子里冲出来房子就烧塌了。
3．动词hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to go home from work ahead of time.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)
五、现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Now，I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
现在，我通过用英语帮助熊猫饲养员工作，间接地实现了那个梦想。
2．某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。
John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.
约翰和他的姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。
3．与always，often，constantly等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩。感彩可褒可贬。
The girl is always talking aloud in public，which makes her parents annoyed.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话，这使得她的父母很烦。
六、过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。
Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.今天上午11点格林太太正准备午餐。
2．表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在社区做志愿者。
3．一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见动词有go，come，leave，start，arrive。
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
七、将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。
Don't phone me between 5 and 6.We'll be having dinner then.不要在五点至六点之间给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。
八、一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时作出的决定。
It is said that he will retire next month.据说他将于下个月退休。
—What time is it？——几点了？
—I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.——我不知道。请稍等，我帮您查一下。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o'clock this morning.今天上午 11点我要去见布朗先生。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的时间状语连用。
The English Evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。
九、过去将来时
1．表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
She said she would retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。
I wondered what my son would say the next moment.我想知道儿子接下来会说什么。
2．三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：was/were going to＋动词原形；was/were to＋动词原形；was/were about to＋动词原形。
①was/were going to＋动词原形表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。
He told me he was going to get married the next week.他告诉我他打算下周结婚。
②was/were about to＋动词原形表示过去即将要发生的动作。常构成句型was/were about to do...when...
We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
我们正要离开，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.By the time the conference started，the keynote speaker had already
arrived and ________ (prepare) all the necessary materials for her presentation.
2．Peng Qinglin, a 31-year-old from Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province,
__________ (deliver) his first order of the day at that time along Xixing Bridge when he heard a call for help.
3．Currently，he ________ (work) on a new marketing strategy for the company，aiming to increase brand awareness and customer engagement.
had prepared
was delivering
is working
4．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________ (be) a famous scientist whose theories _________
(change) the world.
5．Next Friday I will go to another concert. They ____________ (play)
something by Mozart at that time.
6．Give up in winter，and you ________ (miss) the hope of spring，the beauty of summer，and the harvest of autumn in your life.
would be
would change
will be playing
will miss
关键2　动词语态
情境导入 ——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟 规则感悟
Xiao Ming's Cellphone
Xiao Ming's cellphone was broken①. I couldn't get through to him while the cellphone was being repaired②. I wanted to inform him that he had been admitted③ to the basketball club.
Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays. It seems that they are being used⑤ so frequently that many young adults are addicted to it. Someone thinks that cellphones should be restricted⑥ on some occasions. ①一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were＋过去分词。
②过去进行时的被动语态，结构为was/were＋being＋过去分词。
③过去完成时的被动语态，结构为had been＋过去分词。
④一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is/am/are＋过去分词。
⑤现在进行时的被动语态，结构为is/am/are＋being＋过去分词。
⑥含情态动词的被动语态，结构为情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six- meter-tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________ (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
2．(2024·1月浙江卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes
________ (offer) in smaller packs.
3．(2024·九省联考)Fountain pens ________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
was built
be offered
were used
4．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
5．(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes __________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
was amazed
were permitted
1．was built　空处在句中作谓语，主语是a six-meter-tall pavilion，与build之间是被动关系，此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
2．be offered　分析句子结构可知，此处考查谓语动词。offer作动词，意为“提供”，主语they代指前文中的sausages，与offer构成被动关系。且空前有情态动词could。故应填be offered。
3．were used　分析句子结构可知，use作主句的谓语动词。根据时间状语long ago可知，时态用一般过去时；主语Fountain pens与use之间形成了被动关系；主语是复数。所以空处需要填were used。
4．was amazed　主语I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态， 根据and后的was able to可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was amazed。
5．were permitted　空处在句中作谓语，主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系，又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were permitted。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
一、被动语态的构成
时态 一般式 进行式 完成式
现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去时 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had＋been＋过去分词
将来时 shall/will be＋过去分词 shall/will＋have been＋过去分词
①My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.这周我的洗衣机正在修理中，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。
②Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一起被认为是最佳的全面运动方式之一。
③The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century，home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.
自16世纪以来，这座城市就被公认为欧洲的音乐之都，莫扎特和贝多芬等音乐大师都出生在这里。
二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
2．强调或突出动作的承受者
Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
由于一场大风暴，我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。
3．动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
三、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
It is known to us that ice always feels cold.
我们都知道冰摸起来总是凉的。
2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear(磨损)，run(运转)，burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语的属性、特征或功能时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days？你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗？
This kind of cloth cleans easily.这种布料容易清洗。
3．need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词的后面常用动词-ing形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Traffic signal time needs increasing/to be increased，and in that case，more pedestrians and vehicles are allowed to pass respectively.
交通信号的时间需要增加，这样可以让更多的行人和车辆分别通过。
4．在“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
Your writing is really difficult to read.你的笔迹真是难以辨认。
5．be to rent/blame主动形式表示被动意义。
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is to blame for their son's bad performance at school. 我们都认为是杰克和他的妻子应该为他们儿子在学校的糟糕表现负责。
微练3　单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)What should _______ (do) with such a beautiful place
2．(2024·湖南湘东十校高三联考)The global average temperature rise ________ (expect) to reach 1.5℃ within the next few decades. Many
animal and plant species are struggling to adapt to the rapidly changing climate.
be done
is expected
3．(2025·湖北新高考协作体期中)During the Warring States period, people who lived along the banks of the Min River _________ (trouble) by annual flooding.
4．(2025·郑州质量检测)In Tengzhou, Zaozhuang, the birthplace of Lu Ban, this ancient craft ____________ (pass) down over the centuries.
5．(2025·重庆第一次联合考试)Walking into the Beijing-based studio of Belgian designer Jehanne, one will ________ (draw) to the robes (长袍)
decorated with beautiful handwritten English words.
were troubled
has been passed
be drawn
关键3　主谓一致三原则
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟 规则感悟
　　I live① in Beijing，while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven't① seen each other for a long time. To see her every day is② my dream. What I want to do is③ give up my present job and work in her city. However，all my relatives except my uncle object to④ my idea. Someone tells⑤ me that it is not worthwhile to give up my job，which brings⑥ me 10，000 yuan every month. Many a person thinks⑦ it not wise to leave the city I am living in. ①根据主语的人称和数来确定谓语的单复数。
②不定式或动名词作主语，谓语用单数。
③主语是从句，谓语动词一般用单数。
④主语后面跟有with，together with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等时，谓语动词的数与这些词前面的主语一致。
⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。
⑥定语从句中的谓语和先行词的数保持一致。
⑦“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that _____ (be) previously unprotected.
3．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____ (be) Alaska Airlines.
were
were
was
4．(2022·天津卷)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving,
________ (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions.
5．(新高考Ⅱ卷)Because the number of possible topics __ (be)
practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
6．(2021·北京卷)As it ________(connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
prepares
is
connects
1．were　主语是Some of the things，且此处描述过去的事。故填were。
2．were　空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。先行词a significant number of areas为复数，关系代词that指代先行词，在从句中作主语， be动词用复数形式。故填were。
3．was　根据前一句的谓语动词时态和定语从句的谓语动词wrote可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时； “one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
4．prepares　短语together with/along with/as well as等连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词(短语)决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故填prepares。
5．is　the number of “……的数目”，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据主句的时态可知，从句用一般现在时。故填is。
6．connects　由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数it，空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
考点一　语法一致原则
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.忙碌了一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
[名师点津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
However, from my point of view, what benefits students most is reading English books.
然而，在我看来，对学生最有益的是阅读英语书籍。
What he says and does do not agree.
他的言行不一致。
2．“and，both...and...”连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.她的老师和朋友们都在起居室。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
3．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，这个小镇非常迷人。
4．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
5．如果主语后面有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in
common with等词加其他名词时，谓语动词的单复数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。
考点二　意义一致原则
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，
government，audience 等。
The whole class are told to stay behind after school.全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的单复数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are written by him.
这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
3．“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多……”；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
A number of countries have engaged in space lectures.许多国家参与了空间讲座。
The number of people asking to go there is on the increase.要求去那儿的人数在增加。
4．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a child.3 000美元对于一个孩子来说的确是一大笔钱。
5．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have also been found.病人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了。
考点三　就近一致原则
①Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
你或者你的一名同学要去参加明天召开的会议。
②There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room.
房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
微练4　单句语法填空
1.(2025·八省适应性联考模拟二)The sanfu days are a period of time that ____ (fall) in summer, somewhere between Minor Heat (in July) and
Autumn Equinox (in September).
2．(2025·河北高三调研检测二)The history of Chinatown _____ (date)
back to the late 19th century, with the first Chinese-owned businesses
setting up along Elizabeth Street.
3．(2025·浙江绍兴诊断性考试)Their unique oval design ______ (mean) that each bell can produce two different tones depending on where it is
struck.
falls
dates
means
4．Not only ____ (be) these dragons decorations, but they also carry the essence of Chinese.
5．The Mount Changbaishan Geopark, along with five other Chinese geoparks, __________ (recognize) as a Global Geopark by UNESCO on March 27.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This beautiful structure，named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that ______ (show) how the Silk Road
influences English gardens even in modern times.
are
was recognized
shows
好题再练 ——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·浙江金华高三上学期一模)“Thanks to the new 15-day visa-free policy for some countries, we ________ (see) an increase of tourists
from those countries over the past few months，” says Denny Tian, a
travel specialist and manager at The China Guide.
2．(2025·辽宁七校名校协作体期中)The hit Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong recently __________ (spark) a surge in tourism in North
China's Shanxi province.
have seen
has sparked
3．(2025·辽宁名校联盟高三期中)Sports in China began to take real shape during the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms periods. Sporting scenes
________________ (record) in stone paintings, poems, etc. over the past
centuries.
4．(2025·河北高三阶段调研检测二)Over the decades, it _________
(grow) to become a cultural hub (枢纽) that is central to the city's identity.
have been recorded
has grown
5．(2025·浙江绍兴诊断性考试)The third ____________ (record) in
1997, which was then edited into a performance of symphonic music
_______ (mark) the return of Hong Kong to China.
6．(2024·九省联考)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens _____(help) students to focus, to write faster，and they can feel
proud of themselves.
was recorded
to mark
helps
Ⅱ.语法填空(时态、语态与主谓一致篇)
The first zoo 1.______________ (establish) around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2._____ (build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.
Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.
was established
built
Some of the early European zoos 3.________ (consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted. Later the zoos 4.________ (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5.________ (keep) in good condition. These places became the first modern zoos. As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.________
(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction. Since then，zoos 7.____________________ (try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos 8.______ (save) species is not enough. The best
method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.
consisted
were replaced
(were) kept
understood
have tried/have been trying
to save
Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9._____________ (watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life. Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs 10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.
(are) watched
are playing
Ⅱ.语法填空
1．was established　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around 3，500 years ago”可知是过去时态，主语“The first zoo”和谓语动词“establish”之间是被动关系，且主语为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填 was established。
2．built　考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是表示过去的时间状语，谓语动词需要用过去式。故填 built。
3．consisted　考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去的情况，谓语动词用过去式。故填 consisted。
4．were replaced　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“the zoos”和谓语动词“replace”之间为被动关系，并且是描述过去发生的事，且主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。故填were replaced。
5．(were) kept　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were。故填(were) kept。
6．understood　考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是表示过去的时间状语，谓语动词要用过去式。故填 understood。
7．have tried/have been trying　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行，且主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。故填have tried/have been trying。
8．to save　考查非谓语动词。rely on sb. to do sth.依靠某人做某事。故填to save。
9．(are) watched　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 主语animals和谓语动词watch之间是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系。故填(are) watched。
10．are playing　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时，且主语programs是复数。故填are playing。(共71张PPT)
二、非谓语必掌握的6大核心考点
情境导入——由“语境”到“悟透”
语境感悟 规则感悟
　　Shanghai may be the recognized③ home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring① ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There，you'll find them prepared③ differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing① them to be lifted② out of the steamer basket without tearing① or spilling① any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness，and the surrounding① soup hot，clear and delicious. 左文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词①为动词-ing形式，其中neighboring和surrounding作定语； allowing作状语；tearing和spilling作宾语。
②为动词不定式， to be lifted为不定式的被动形式作宾语补足语。
③为动词的过去分词，其中recognized作定语。
核心考点1　非谓语动词作状语
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However，if you're shopping for one，buying extra ________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)___________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
to benefit
Having visited
3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ (cover) an area about three times the
size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first
national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a
significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing
many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in
management.
Covering
to increase
4．(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America
where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its
surroundings，” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar
words from many age-old fables.
5．(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar
on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
borrowing
planning
6．(2022·全国乙卷)___________ (strengthen) the connection with
young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea
professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of
uninterrupted live broadcasts.
To strengthen
inviting
1．to benefit　分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。根据空前的“buying extra”和空后的“from price reductions”可知，此处指多买一些为了从降价中获益，所以应用不定式作目的状语。
2．Having visited　此处为非谓语动词作状语，I与visit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故空处用现在分词的完成式，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
3．Covering; to increase　第一空，分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词will be，空处在句中作非谓语， the GPNP和cover为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，注意首字母应大写。故填Covering。第二空，根据语境“为了提高管理的有效性并减少不一致性”可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to increase。
4．borrowing　句中已有谓语动词begins，故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
5．planning　分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词flew，故空处应填非谓语动词形式， He与plan之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填planning。
6．To strengthen; inviting　第一空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，且空处位于句首。故填To strengthen。第二空根据句意，逻辑主语“the event”和“invite”之间是主动关系。故填inviting。
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
注：非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
考点一　不定式作状语
① To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (目的状语)
为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。
② He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.(原因状语)
他惊讶地发现他的房间彻底打扫干净了，一切都井井有条。
③Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.(结果状语)
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
④The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.(固定句式)
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
考点二　分词作状语
一、现在分词作状语
现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义。
①(2024·新课标卷读后续写)He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. (现在分词作状语， 表伴随)
他难以置信地看着我，问我该怎么办。
②More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(现在分词作结果状语)
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
③ Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it. (现在分词作状语表原因)
因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
①(2025·浙江绍兴诊断性考试) Aimed at sparking students' curiosity and fostering their creativity, our school's Science Club is organizing a science camp themed “Blue-sky Thinking” next month.为了激发学生的好奇心并培养他们的创造力，我们学校的科学俱乐部将于下月举办以“蓝天思维”为主题的科学夏令营。
②Wrapped in a warm blanket，Lizzy sat beside her family，looking at her mom on the bed.
裹着一条温暖的毯子，利齐坐在家人身边，看着床上的妈妈。
【注意】　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
微练1　单句语法填空
1.(2025·山东济宁高三期中)The player, known as the Destined One,
starts an epic journey ________ (uncover) the truth behind the legendary
tale.
2．(2025·山东济宁高三期中)Fans of Black Myth have even started
posting videos online, ______ (share) their understanding of Chinese
mythology and the Journey to the West story.
3．(2025·辽宁七所名校协作体期中)Yungang Grottoes represent the pinnacle of Buddist cave art from the 5th and 6th centuries, ________
(create) during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534).
to uncover
sharing
created
4．(2025·湖北名校联盟测评)________ (serve) with traditional dishes,
you'll find everything from Yangzhou fried rice and pot-stickers to
Szechuan chilli beef and barbecued spare ribs (肋排) on the menu.
5．(2025·福州十校高三期中)________ (achieve) that, skilled
carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture.
Served
To achieve
核心考点2　非谓语动词作定语和补语
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest ________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace.
engineering
recognized
3．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _____ (build)
system of ring roads.
5．(2023·北京卷) She called for action to address the struggles of
people around the world ________ (face) “too little water or too dirty
water”.
intended
built
facing
1．engineering　空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用。故填动名词engineering。此处表示“最新的设计制造技术”。
2．recognized　此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填过去分词recognized。
3．intended　空处所在句为倒装句，该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”，在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式。故填intended。
4．built　本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语动词，build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，表“精心建造的……”。故填built。
5．facing　分析句子结构可知逻辑主语people与face构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing。
一、 非谓语动词作定语
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
(一)不定式作定语
不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
①I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
②You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
③He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour.
他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。
(二)动名词和分词作定语
①Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1，000 years ago. (现在分词作定语)
中国的饮茶文化有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
②The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
③We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
④(2025·石家庄摸底检测)Maybe we could even organize some art-related competitions or activities based on the content of this column. (过去分词作定语)
我们甚至可以根据这篇文章的内容组织一些与艺术相关的竞赛或活动。
微练2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·湖北高中名校联盟)In fact, this restaurant is the only place in the UK ____still prepares this dish in-house using the traditional 3-day method ________ (consist) of marination, roasting, and leaving to rest and air dry.
2．(2025·江淮十校高三第二次联考)Hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the remains of houses there, the earliest ________ (know) application of sunmao structures in China.
that
consisting
known
3．(2025·河北三模)The site features prominently in the history of botanical research and was the object of international plant ________ (collect) expeditions in the 19th and 20th centuries.
4．(2025·长沙长郡中学模拟二)Although the poetry of today has transformed in form and function, the root of its purpose can still be found in poets' desire ________ (explore) the human condition through the power of imagery and metaphor.
collecting
to explore
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
解题攻略 ——由“一题”通“一类”
1.感官动词
感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：
①I saw some boys all dressed in uniforms leave the lab following a teacher a few minutes ago.几分钟前，我看见一些穿校服的男生跟着一个老师离开了实验室。
②As I approached them，I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet.
当我走近他们时，我注意到两人拖着脚，湿着鞋笨拙地向前跑。
③Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。
【注意】　“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。
A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly，a heavy box carried in her arms.有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。
2．使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况
(1)make＋宾语＋
①The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.
老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
②The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard.
大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。
①Don't let your child play with matches in case a big fire breaks out.
别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。
②Let the homework be done immediately；otherwise it's time for you to hand it in.
请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。
(3)have＋宾语＋
①He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.
他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
②My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.
我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。
(4)get＋宾语＋
①It's not hard to get him talking—the problem is stopping him.
让他开始说话不难，难的是让他住口。
②My bike broke down on the way back and I am going to get it repaired tomorrow.
我的自行车在回来的路上坏了，我打算明天去修。
3．动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(1)leave
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't taste delicious.
大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。
The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
I caught him smoking in the bathroom.我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。
4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词(现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行)
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词(过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态)
With his hair cut，he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式(不定式表示动作尚未发生)
With a lot of homework to do，I can't go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
微练3　单句语法填空
1.(2025·赣州中学高三期中)The Paris 2024 Olympic Games will be remembered for a long time. It witnesses China's inspiring sporting records, symbolizing the rise of Asia, with China ________ (take) the lead.
2．(2025·山东枣庄高三二调)I want their stories ____________ (interpret) in a poetic, sensory manner in a play of fixed images and images in movement, urban noise, natural sounds, voices and the combination of words and silence.
taking
to be interpreted
3．(2025·湖南常德模拟)This unforgettable site consists of 135 hectares of vineyards, with a charming European-style castle ________ (locate) in the seemingly endless greenery.
4．(2024·长沙高考模拟)As humans, we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something, and we're happy to have our existing opinions ________ (confirm).
located
confirmed
核心考点3　非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语
高考先行——由“学会”变“会学”
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
to bite
recording
3．Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
4．(2022·浙江卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice.
to have
to continue
1. to bite　此处是“whether＋不定式”结构作decide的宾语，且空处与下文的to put是并列关系。故填to bite。
2．recording　根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语。故填recording。
3．to have　根据aim to do “旨在，目的是”的用法可知。该处填to have作宾语。
4．to continue　动词plan后面跟动词不定式作宾语， plan to do sth. “计划做某事”。故填to continue。
一、非谓语动词作主语
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
①To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.(动词不定式作主语)
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
②(2025·山西部分学校大联考调研)In conclusion, extending the break time can promote the well-being of students. (动词-ing作主语)
总之，延长休息时间可以促进学生的身心健康。
③It's no use arguing with him about the question, for he won't change his mind.(动词-ing作主语)和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他是不会改变主意的。
微练4　单句语法填空
1.________ (map) the distribution of cave species could act as additional evidence for researchers investigating past climate conditions.
2．It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
3．As for ________ (clean) windows, it's impossible ________ (achieve) a good result.
4．From top leaders to ordinary citizens, ________ (plant) trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese.
Mapping
to reduce　
cleaning
to achieve
planting
二、非谓语动词作宾语
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
①At the same time，I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.与此同时，我决定更努力地学习，而不是浪费宝贵的时间在那些无用的东西上。
②I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
微练5　单句语法填空
1.(2025·河北高三调研检测二)Over the years despite _____ (face)
challenges such as relocation due to urban development and city planning, Chinatown has been preserved, with its spirit and culture maintained through the efforts of its inhabitants and supporters.
2．(2025·河北张家口第三次模拟)The fundamentals of making cloisonne include ________ (shape) the object's body; bending and inlaying copper (铜) wires ________ (present) surface patterns; coloring these wires; heating and finally, polishing and gilding (镀金).
facing
shaping
to present
3．(2025·山西临汾考前适应性训练)Shortly after the silk and feather umbrellas became popular in China, their manufacturers managed ________ (discover) a new kind of material from wood paper, enabling the creation of highly stylized, decorative and lightweight umbrellas.
to discover
三、 非谓语动词作表语
解题攻略——由“一题”通“一类”
①My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
②My job is cleaning the house three times a week.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
③I am pleased with the result of the experiment.我对实验结果很满意。
微练6　单句语法填空
1.Robert Owens felt ________ (defeat) and helpless on Sunday as he
waited in Louisiana's capital city.
2．The art of Chinese calligraphy seems ________ (fade) away
gradually.
3．The lake appears ____________ (cover) as much as 80 square miles.
defeated　
to be fading
to have covered
好题再练——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·湖北新高考协作体期中)The Dujiangyan Dam, originally ________ (construct) around 256 BCE by the state of Qin as an irrigation and flood control system, is 45 km north of Chengdu.
2．(2025·郑州高三质量检测)________ (recognize) as the “father of carpentry” in the country, Lu Ban had extraordinary creativity and invented many rare magical things.
constructed　
Recognized　
3．(2025·郑州高三质量检测)They are usually easy to take apart and
difficult ________ (put) together again.
4．(2025·郑州高三质量检测)Its structural integrity relies entirely on its internal arrangement, ________ (remove) the need for nails or cords.
5．(2025·皖南八校高三联考)Local craftspeople (手艺人) have passed down the traditional wood carving art through innovation and developed a path for the intangible cultural heritage, ________ (pour) fresh life into the traditional craft.
to put
removing　
pouring
6．(2025·浙江宁波高三一模)The “Italian Contemporary Art and Artists
on the Silk Road” exhibition, ________ (hold) at the Grand Tang Mall in
Xi'an, drew over 60，000 visitors during its 37-day run.
7．(2025·浙江宁波高三一模)________ (feature) 31 pieces from 33
Italian artists, the exhibition presented a diverse range of creative
expressions, reflecting Italy's artistic evolution from the 1960s to today.
8．(2025·浙江金华高三一模)The number is still a long way off from 2019 figures, but some in the industry feel ________ (encourage).
held　
Featuring　
encouraged
Ⅱ.语法填空
As for its origins, Beijing Sanlitun is actually quite historical. After the reform and opening-up in 1979, once 1.________ (refer) to as the “Sanli military station outside the Beijing City Wall”， the neighborhood established a bar culture in its streets and alleys, 2.________ (make) it the “new business card” of Beijing.
referred
making
Within just 10 years, nearly 70 percent of the bars in Beijing were situated here, 3.________ (follow) by the rapid growth of consumption in the retail, catering and entertainment industries. It didn't take Sanlitun Bar Street long to turn into a leisurely and culturally creative center combining shopping, hotels, bars, art and other functions.
With the city brought to life by the light and shade in Sanlitun, there are young people gathering here, foreigners adapting to their Beijing life, and employees in the service industry. With each passing day, Beijing is changing constantly, 4.____________ (accommodate) the dreams, interests and ideals of various people.
followed
accommodating
1．referred　refer to与the neighborhood是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词作状语。故填referred。
2．making　“成为北京新的商业卡片”是“成立酒吧文化”的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作状语。故填making。
3．followed　follow在本句中意为“在……后发生”， 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是前面整句话， follow与其是被动关系， 应用过去分词作状语。
4．accommodating　Beijing与accommodate是逻辑上的主谓关系， 应用现在分词作状语。故填accommodating。
1.作主语或介宾用doing——不犯简单错误
[典例]　首先，随机配对学生可能会导致小组内语言能力的不平衡。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)
Firstly，randomly pairing up students may lead to imbalanced language abilities within the groups. [运用]　说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费时间来讨论。(2022·浙江1月卷)
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Persuading him into accepting my views was impossible，so I didn't want to waste my time discussing.
2.作状语用分词生动简练
(1)doing作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为逻辑主谓(主动)关系。
[典例]　为了培养学生的艺术鉴赏力和创造力，我们的美术老师带我们去了附近的公园，让我们走进大自然的怀抱。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)
To develop students' artistic appreciation and creativity，our art teacher took the class to a nearby park, moving us into the embrace of nature. [运用]　感觉到我的沮丧，冈特拍了拍我的肩膀，咧嘴笑着说：“没关系。别管车费了，赶紧去赶你的车吧。” (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
____________________________， ____________________________， grinning, “It is okay. Forget about the fare and go catch your bus.”
Sensing my frustration
Gunter patted me on the shoulder
(2)done作状语，表示句子主语和该动词为逻辑动宾(被动)关系，或者表示主语所处的某种状态。
[典例]　在课堂上，由于受到公园里令人惊叹的景色的启发，我心满意足地完成了我的山水画。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文)
During the class, inspired by a breathtaking scene in the park，I completed my landscape painting with great satisfaction. [运用]　虽然筋疲力尽，但是大卫到达了终点线，所有的学生都为他欢呼。(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Worn out，David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.
3.表目的，不定式适当提前
[典例]　而且，为了呼吁更多的人来保护海洋，我们还可以发传单。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)
What's more, to call on more people to protect the ocean，we can also hand out leaflets. [运用]　为了在学习上赶上班级其他同学，她早起、晚睡。
_______________________________________， she gets up early and goes to bed late.
To catch up with other classmates in study
4.having done比after从句光鲜靓丽
[典例]　在确认了大卫想跑就跑的情况后，我转过身发现他朝我走来，他瘦小的身体随着他的双脚向前摆动而左右摇晃。
Having made sure that David could run if he wanted to，I turned around to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. [运用]　卖完爆米花之后，他们决定收工回家。
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Having sold out all the popcorn，they decided to call it a day and go home.(共12张PPT)
重点一　如何判断谓语动词与非谓语动词
新高考命题角度：谓语动词与非谓语动词是高考必考题， 句式结构变复杂， 非核心信息变丰富，题目干扰性增加。
高考先行 ——由“学会”变“会学”
典例1　如何判断谓语动词
典例印证 解题攻略
(2024·全国甲卷)They 64.________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【分析】　第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。结合文章时态和句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用复数形式。
【自主解答】　　　　　 第一步：确定是否作谓语
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但设空处所填词与之是并列关系时，设空处就用谓语动词。
第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)看“时间”定时态，注意语境中暗含的时间状语；
(2)看“主语”定语态，看主语是否为动作的发出者；
(3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。
were
典例2　如何判断非谓语动词
典例印证 解题攻略
(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 63.________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【分析】　第一步：提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词have started，所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词短语作后置定语。design和逻辑主语packs之间构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。
【自主解答】　　　　　 第一步：确定是否作非谓语
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词或从句谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定用何种非谓语形式
根据所作句子成分，考虑非谓语动词的形式：
(1)提示词与逻辑主语表主动关系时常用动词-ing形式；
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是被动关系时常用动词-ed形式；
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
designed
解题攻略 ——由“一题”通“一类”
好题再练 ——由“通练”到“练通”
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2．(2025·山东潍坊三模)Historians note that between the 14th and 15th century, Tibetan paintings ________ (integrate) many elements from the Chinese murals.
walks
integrated
3．(2025·山东实验中学模拟)The term “Erbin”， a nickname of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, known for its ice and snow festival, ________ (gain) popularity across China recently.
4．(2024·山东济宁高三针对性考试)Today, the Silk Route has a poetic name called One Belt One Road, ________ (aim) to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road.
5．(2024·山西太原三模)The Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan, first constructed in 256 BC, took advantage of the local natural features without ________ (damage) the environment.
has gained
aiming
damaging
Ⅱ.语法填空
The whole scene was almost overwhelming. The main street of the village was lined with two long rows of low wooden tables, which 1.________ (stretch) as far as I could see, more than a hundred end on end. And every table 2.________ (weigh) down with Hani festive foods: small fish, 3.________ (raise) in rice fields and fried until crackling-crisp; poached chicken and roast duck; boiled peanuts; and rounds of golden corn.
stretched
was weighed
raised
Everyone, including the children, 4.________ (drink) bowls of rice wine or the local Lancang River beer. 5.________ (begin) with a shout at one end of the street, a toast spread in a wave to the other end, and each table 6.________ (stand) in rapid succession to toast the table next to them. Barely had the food 7.________ (touch), but everyone was already red-cheeked and rolling-drunk, telling funny stories and singing songs, with waves of toasting 8.________ (rise) up and down the street every few minutes.
was drinking
Beginning
stood
been touched
rising
1．stretched　空处为从句谓语， which指代tables, tables与stretch是主动关系， 主句为一般过去时，故从句用一般过去时。故填stretched。
2．was weighed　此处作谓语， 指过去的动作， every table 与weigh down是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was weighed。 weigh ... down ... “压得……难以移动；压弯”。
3．raised　空处作定语修饰small fish, raise与small fish 是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词作后置定语。故填raised。
4．was drinking　此处作谓语，指过去这个场景中正在发生的动作， 应用过去进行时， including 连接两个并列主语， 谓语的数与everyone一致， 应用第三人称单数。故填was drinking。
5．Beginning　本句已有谓语， 空处作非谓语，a toast 与begin是逻辑上的主谓关系， 应用现在分词作状语， 句首首字母需大写。故填Beginning。
6．stood　空处作谓语，且指过去的动作， 用一般过去时。故填stood。
7．been touched　此处是倒装句，barely “几乎不；几乎没有”置于句首，用倒装，空处作谓语，“几乎没动过”表先于主句“喝得满脸通红，酩酊大醉”之前的动作，应用过去完成时， food与touch 是被动关系， 应用过去完成时的被动语态。空前已有助动词had。故填been touched。
8．rising　此处是with复合结构， waves 与rise是逻辑上的主谓关系， 应用现在分词作宾补。故填rising。

展开更多......

收起↑