资源简介

课时规范训练(三)
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'm writing to tell you the notice that our school will go travelling in the suburb (郊区) this Saturday.
2．We should try to stop the bleeding (流血) by using proper methods.
3．Fish and seabirds usually mistake plastic for food and choke (窒息) to death.
4．But for your timely rescue，the boy would have been drowned (淹死).
5．This will not only improve the welfare (福利) of the consumers，but also make the company develop faster.
6．After a moment，the elderly lady was taken into an ambulance (救护车).
7．Now，I'm writing to apply for the membership (会员) of the English Tutorial.
8．You should grab (抓住) every opportunity to practice using the language.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What you should do is learning from your mistakes instead of drowning (drown) in sorrows and regrets.
2．The activity offered me not only a new practical (practice) skill but also a good insight into traditional Chinese crafts.
3．Students doing homework hate the constant interruption (interrupt) caused by the noisy music.
4．The woman tried desperately (desperate) to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
5．You had better stay home in bed since you haven't recovered from the operation (operate).
6．He slowed the bleeding (bleed) by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
7．Owing to the foggy (fog) weather，the operator left his hometown alone.
8．He slipped (slip) out of the party without saying goodbye to anyone.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．麦迪逊毫不迟疑地跑到邻居家的院子里，在那里他们找到了男孩忧心忡忡的母亲。
Without delay, Madison ran to a neighbor's yard, where they found the boy's worried mother.
2．看到考试的结果，我是如此绝望，以至于我感觉好像被扔进了黑暗的世界。(读后续写之绝望心理描写)
Seeing the result of the exam，so desperate was I that I felt as if I were thrown into a world of darkness.(倒装句)
3．看到她滑倒在地，我冲过去，紧紧抓住她的手，扶她站起来。
Seeing her slip on the ground，I rushed over，grabbed her by the hand tightly and helped her to her feet．
4．我渴望提高我的书面英语，写信向你寻求一些实用的建议。
Desperate to improve my written English，I'm writing to ask you for some practical tips.
5．大家笑起来。我惊慌失措地看着他们。
Everyone started laughing.I looked at them in panic．
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In a breathtaking incident in Berlin, a young man narrowly escaped a life-threatening situation where he became trapped beneath a bus.
The 16-year-old found himself unable to move beneath a tyre (轮胎) of the bus when he fell down during an attempt to catch the departing vehicle at a local stop on a Monday afternoon.The quick response of the bus driver, who immediately stopped the vehicle, coupled with the assistance of roughly 40 people，including both passengers and bystanders, led to a remarkable achievement.Together, they managed to lift the right side of the bus sufficiently to free the young man.
Frank Kurze, one of the courageous volunteers who participated in the rescue, recalled the messy scene, stating, “I saw the men trying to lift the bus, and it was clear to me that I also had to help lift the bus and try to pull the young man from underneath.”
Nearby medical professionals from a healthcare center in the Spandau neighborhood of Berlin instantly arrived at the scene to provide vital first aid.Michelle Rueckborn, one of the nurses on duty, shared their response, saying, “We were at work when we heard screams, and our coworker looked out of the window and saw what had happened, and said ‘Grab the doctor's kit and run.’”
Sandra Grunwald, another nurse present at the scene, added, “He was responsive but understandably confused, unsure of what was unfolding around him.” Despite the frightening circumstances, the young man unbelievably survived with only minor injuries, thanks to the collective effort of around 40 individuals who came together to perform a heroic rescue.
The Berlin police department praised the collective efforts of those involved in the rescue as “heroes” and expressed their gratitude on social media, stating, “Thank you, Spandau.Thank you, Berlin.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在柏林，路人和医护人员全力营救一名被困车底的十六岁少年的英勇事迹。
1．What happened at the bus stop
A．A teenager got caught under a bus.
B．The tyre of a bus suddenly blew out.
C．A young passenger fell from his seat.
D．The driver found the bus uncontrollable.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在车站里一个少年被困在公共汽车下面。
2．What did Frank Kurze do at the rescue scene
A．He recorded the whole event.
B．He stepped forward bravely.
C．He turned to medical staff.
D．He called more volunteers in.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，弗兰克·库尔兹在救援现场勇敢地上前帮忙。
3．Which of the following best describes the medical professionals
A．Tolerant.　　　　 B．Creative.
C．Patient. D．Decisive.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Michelle Rueckborn, one of the nurses on duty, shared their response, saying ...and said ‘Grab the doctor's kit and run.’”可推知，医护人员在救援时是果断的。
4．What message does the text try to convey
A．One good turn deserves another.
B．Kindness brings mental rewards.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Opportunity is for the prepared.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，文章想要传达的信息是“人多力量大”。
B
Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence(连贯)of one's life，the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one's life matters.But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike.Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty.When people are open to appreciating such experiences，these moments may enhance how they view their life.We call this element experiential appreciation，an ability to detect and admire life's inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation，we conducted a series of studies involving over 3，000 participants.Initially，we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress.Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life's beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.In the follow-ups，we asked them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements，such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence，purpose，existential mattering.Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”，the more they felt their existence valuable.In the subsequent experiment，we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video，they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments，compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful.But applying that insight can be difficult.Our modern，fast-paced，project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets.We are on the go，attempting to maximize our output.This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now.Yet life happens in the present moment.We should slow down，let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.After all，we live in a wonderful world.There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用一系列研究结果，论证了体验性欣赏对个人生活的重要性和价值，并建议我们应该放慢脚步，欣赏并感激生活中的每一刻。
5．Why does the author mention the admiration of butterfly
A．To express people's desire to enhance their life.
B．To display people's imagination to whatever happens.
C.To indicate the openness of people to the life coherence.
D．To introduce the concept of experimental appreciation.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，作者在提到停下来欣赏蝴蝶后，就引出概念“体验性欣赏”。
6．What is mainly explained in the third paragraph
A．The participants' life involved in the study.
B．The contribution of a long-term goal in life.
C．The theory in experiential appreciation.
D．The analysis of the belief that matters most.
解析：C　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要解释了体验性欣赏的理论。
7．What is challenging us to appreciate the present in our life
A．Our modern fast-paced lifestyle.
B．The lack of opportunities.
C．Our focus on individual feelings.
D．The ignorance of future outcomes.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But applying that insight can be difficult.Our modern，fast-paced，project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets.We are on the go，attempting to maximize our output.This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now.”可知，现代快节奏的生活方式使我们不能去欣赏生活中的当下。
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Enjoying a Valuable Coherence
B．Finding the Inner Beauty of Ourselves
C．Living an Active and Meaningful Existence
D．Exploring the End of a Significant Life
解析：C　标题归纳题。根据文章第一、二段，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天，从而活得积极而有意义。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Dan Mancina is a professional skateboarder known for being visually impaired and sharing clips of his skating on social media.He has a large following of fans，all __1__ to see his skillful tricks.And videos of him using his walking stick as he skates inspires curiosity and __2__ from fans around the world.
The Michigan native started skating at 7，and took it more __3__ at 13，developing a love for the sport which he says helps him express himself.A rare genetic eye disease began to __4__ his vision at 15，and after a year and a half，he completely lost his __5__．
He stopped skating for a couple of years.This was the __6__ point of his life.__7__ letting his blindness dominate what he could or would do，he gradually __8__ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors.
One day，he wanted to see if he could still skate，so he __9__ a video of a trick，which eventually got __10__ on social media and received great feedback.That inspired him to try a bit more，and slowly he got back into skateboarding.
In order to help make skateboarding more __11__ to people with vision impairments，Dan has started a fundraising __12__ to build the world's first adaptive skate park.Mancina has __13__ around $40，000 for the park.He hopes to be __14__ skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer.
“I'm honored I can be a(n)__15__ for our community.Never let others define you and what you are capable of，” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国密歇根州的一名失明滑板运动员不仅在滑板运动上取得了成功，而且还在努力影响他人。
1．A.eager　　　　　 B．nervous
C．cautious D．hesitant
解析：A　根据“He has a large following of fans”可知，粉丝都渴望看到他的绝技。
2．A.gratitude B．admiration
C．reflection D．approval
解析：B　根据“And videos of him using his walking stick as he skates inspires curiosity”可知，丹·曼西纳在滑板上使用手杖的视频激发了粉丝的崇拜。
3．A.exactly B．severely
C．honestly D．seriously
解析：D　根据“The Michigan native started skating at 7”可知，丹·曼西纳13岁时更认真地对待滑板这项运动。
4．A.earn B．check
C．affect D．promote
解析：C　 根据“A rare genetic eye disease”可知，罕见的遗传性眼病开始影响丹·曼西纳的视力。
5．A.fortune B．temper
C．thought D．sight
解析：D　 根据“A rare genetic eye disease began to ____ his vision at 15”和“____ letting his blindness dominate what he could or would do”可知，因为罕见的遗传性眼病使得丹·曼西纳完全失明。
6．A.lowest B．starting
C．finishing D．highest
解析：A　根据“He stopped skating for a couple of years.”可知，因为失明不能从事滑板运动，所以这是他人生的最低谷。
7．A.Other than B．Apart from
C．Rather than D．Regardless of
解析：C　根据“he gradually ____ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors”可知，丹·曼西纳不让自己的失明主宰自己，而是开始从事户外活动。
8．A.objected B．returned
C．admitted D．contributed
解析：B　根据“spending time outdoors”可知，丹·曼西纳逐渐回到自己喜欢的事情上。
9．A.filmed B．developed
C．watched D．replaced
解析：A　根据“a video of a trick”可知，丹·曼西纳拍了一段自己滑板时的视频。
10．A.imitated B．changed
C．shared D．involved
解析：C　根据“so he ____ a video of a trick”可知，所拍的视频被分享到社交媒体上。
11．A.achievable B．affordable
C．bearable D．accessible
解析：D　根据“Dan has started a fundraising ____ to build the world's first adaptive skate park”可知，丹·曼西纳建立适应性滑板公园是为了帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。
12．A.permission B．competition
C．assignment D．campaign
解析：D　 根据“In order to help make skateboarding more ____ to people with vision impairments”可知，丹·曼西纳开始了一项筹款活动，目的是帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。
13．A.raised B．distributed
C．spent D．wasted
解析：A　根据“Dan has started a fundraising ____ to build the world's first adaptive skate park”可知，丹·曼西纳筹集了大约4万美元。
14．A.examining B．running
C．counting D．exploring
解析：B　根据“skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer”可知，丹·曼西纳打算开办滑板讲习班。
15．A.signal B．alarm
C．voice D．surprise
解析：C　根据“Never let others define you and what you are capable of”可知，丹·曼西纳很荣幸能够为自己的社区发声。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
你校拟开设急救课程，校英文报Students' Voice栏目就此向学生征集相关建议。请你向该栏目投稿，内容包括：
1．课程开设的必要性；
2．课程开设的建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
First Aid Course Matters
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
First_Aid_Course_Matters
When it comes to the first aid course, I hold the view that it is a must for students to be offered some related knowledge.
First aid is a science of giving medical care to a person before a doctor can be found.If quickly and correctly given, it can save a person's life.However, only those with the right knowledge can perform first aid, so I suggest that our school should provide specific instruction on how to treat drowning, bleeding, choking, burns, cuts and traffic accidents.More importantly, involvement with the community is encouraged, which offers opportunities for students to apply their skills through volunteering or community events.
I'm convinced that the course will be well received.课时规范训练(二)
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After a while, she discovered that surfing(surf)the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored.
2．At break, Mr.Green got down to dealing with the matters arising(arise) from his company.
3．It's no use discussing (discuss) with him over the small thing on such a big occasion.
4．I still remember being taken/having been taken (take) to see films in the open air when I was small.
5．When we got a call saying (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
6．People working (work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.
7．He didn't come today，making (make) it necessary for us to find someone else to do his work.
8．He sent me an e-mail，expecting (expect) to get further information.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．保护环境就是保护我们自己。
Protecting the environment is protecting ourselves.
2．每个人都有责任通过尽我们所能使我们的地球变得更清洁、更好。
Everyone is responsible for making our planet cleaner and better by doing what we can.
3．鲍勃的到来有助于我们按时完成任务。
Bob's coming contributed to the on-time accomplishment of our task.
4．他作为一名交警，一直努力工作，即使在节日期间也要保持交通顺畅。
As a traffic policeman, he always worked hard to keep the traffic running smoothly even on festivals.
5．我们的生活变得越来越好了，然而在一些国家仍然有一些人遭受饥饿。
Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering from hunger．
6．学习某个国家的历史将帮助你更好地了解这个国家和它的传统。
Studying the history of the country will help you better understand the country and its traditions.
Ⅲ.用语篇练语法
Disney is a great place.Too many people 1.wanting (want) to work there，Disney has many great jobs，one of which is lifeguarding.
2．Having involved (involve) in saving several visitors at Disney，Vicki Garside knows that a lifeguard role may not be for everyone.However，she 3.strongly (strong) suggests that you should never refuse the job before 4.having (have) a try.“I know some people wouldn't want the responsibility，but for those who are good at 5.swimming (swim)，it's a great job to have at Disney，”she says.
Garside spent six months 6.serving (serve) as a lifeguard at Disney's Bay Lake Area last year.She said，“Lifeguarding has one of the 7.highest (high) base pay rates (比率) among all the jobs，as well as very reasonable 8.working (work) hours.” She also says that all of her co-workers had a great time 9.staying (stay) with each other at Disney.“Guests are also very friendly and polite.They know you are there to do a job and you are there for their 10.safety (safe).” For people who are interested in getting jobs at Disney，it's a great way to get your foot in the door.
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea.While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene.A couple of young men were cream-faced and looking lost.They were completely terrified.When I walked up, first-aid kit in hand, they said, ‘You're a first aider—Oh，thank goodness.’They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.”
A young girl called Jenny was lying there.It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulders.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal(脊柱的)injury.But after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed.Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing.To avoid the risk of her going into shock, I kept her talking.We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain.She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl.Apart from her boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK.For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了简·霍奇森在回家路上利用自己的急救知识帮助了一个受伤的女孩，认识到一个小小的举动也会有很大的影响。
1．Why did Jane Hodgson stop her car on the side of the road
A．To offer some help.
B．To repair her car.
C．To call for an ambulance.
D．To pick up a patient.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，简把车停在路边，是想看看自己能不能做点什么来提供帮助。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs.　　　 B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容以及第五段内容可知，女孩从自行车上翻下来，头部和肩膀着地，而且被撞时没戴头盔。由此可推知，她受伤最严重的可能是头部。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Finding out what happened.
D．Distracting the girl's attention from pain.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，为了避免女孩休克的危险，简一直在和女孩聊天，转移她的注意力。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can also save a person.
C．A small act can count much.
D．It feels good to learn first aid skills.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知， 简认为，知道自己在某种程度上帮助了那个女孩，这就是她需要的奖赏。这与C项“A small act can count much.(一个小小的举动很重要)”对应。
B
Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.But it turns out that working in a job below your skill level harms your later chances of getting hired for a better-paying job more appropriate to your qualifications.
Sociologist David Pedulla at the University of Texas conducted a study to examine how jobs below a person's skill level affect future employability.He tailored 2，420 applications and submitted them to 1，210 job listings posted in five major cities across the U．S.He varied the applications by gender, and also by employment status for the previous year.Then he used computer models to analyze and compare the results.The results show that applicants who were positioned as working below their skill level, regardless of gender had the lowest chances of getting called for a job interview.
These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term, it can significantly hammer one's ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date.
Why might this be the case Pedulla conducted a follow-up study with 903 employers.He asked them about their ideas of applicants with each kind of employment history, and how likely they would be to recommend each kind of candidate to an interview.The results show that employers believe that men who are employed in positions below their skill level are less committed and less competent than men in other employment situations.Those surveyed also believed that women working below their skill level were less competent than others, but did not believe them to be less committed.
The results of studies suggest that work below skill level signals to employers men's incompetence and a lack of commitment.This is a disturbing reminder that the sword of gender bias (偏见) does in fact cut both ways.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，从事低于自己技能水平的工作会影响未来获得更适合自己资历的、高薪的工作的机会。
5．Why do many people choose jobs below their skill level
A．They fear bearing duties.
B．They lack self-confidence.
C．They face a tough economy.
D．They pursue better-paying jobs.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many often find themselves considering jobs below their skill level in worsening employment markets.”可知，许多人考虑低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。
6．How do the researchers carry out the first study
A．By conducting interviews.
B．By researching examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By doing surveys.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，研究人员通过做比较的方法来进行第一项研究。
7．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hammer” in paragraph 3
A．Ensure. B．Weaken.
C．Test. D．Exercise.
解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前句“These results should serve as a warning to anyone considering taking a job below their skill level.While it might pay the bills in the short term”及后文“one's ability to return to the relevant skill level and pay grade at a later date”以及表示转折的“While”可知，考虑接受低于自己技能水平的工作虽然可以挣到钱，但会减弱一个人日后恢复到有关技能水平和薪酬等级的能力。由此猜测hammer意为“减弱，削弱”，与weaken意思相近。
8．What is the employers' idea according to the follow-up study
A．Men are more likely to get promoted.
B．Women are more devoted and capable.
C．Women behave better in jobs below skill level.
D．Men show talents in work of the relevant level.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可推知，雇主的想法是女性在其技能水平以下的工作中比男性表现得更好。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
What Your Cat Needs to Feel Secure
Like humans，cats have needs that make them feel happy and secure.Make sure you have a place or environment that makes your cat feel comfortable and secure.
Safe place
__1__．Your cat should be able to enter and leave this space from at least two sides if she feels threatened.Most cats prefer the safe space to be big enough to only fit themselves，have sides around it，and be raised off the ground.
Multiple and separated key resources
Key resources include food，water，toileting areas，play areas，and resting or sleeping areas.__2__，so your cats have free access without being challenged by other cats or other potential threats.
Opportunity for play and predatory (捕食性的) behavior
Play and predatory behaviors allow cats to satisfy their natural need to hunt.Play can be motivated with the use of interactive toys that look like prey(猎物).__3__．Using food puzzles or food balls can copy the action of hunting for prey，and provides more natural eating behavior.
Positive and predictable human-cat social interaction
__4__，such as petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap.
An environment that respects the importance of a cat's sense of smell
Unlike humans，cats use their sense of smell to evaluate their surroundings.Cats mark their scent by rubbing their face and body，which leaves natural chemicals to establish boundaries within which they feel safe and secure.__5__．Some smells can be threatening to cats which may lead to problematic behaviors.
A．Avoid cleaning their scent off these areas
B．Provide your cat with predictable meal times
C．These resources should be separated from each other
D．Cats need to be able to catch the“prey”，to avoid feeling upset
E．Some cats also like to be provided with soft，comfortable places to hide
F．Cats' individual preferences determine how much they like human interactions
G．Every cat needs a safe place where she can feel protected or that can be used as a resting area
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让宠物猫有安全感的几种做法。
1．解析：G　设空处引出本段话题。根据该段小标题和下文中的“Your cat should be able to enter and...have sides around it，and be raised off the ground.”可知，猫需要一个安全的空间，设空处与安全的环境相关，故G项符合此处语境。G项中的“safe place”与小标题为原词复现关系，且下文中的“this space”指代G项中的“a safe place”。
2．解析：C　设空处与下文构成因果关系。根据上文中的“Key resources include food，water，toileting areas，play areas，and resting or sleeping areas.”和下文中的“so your cats have free access without being challenged by other cats or other potential threats”可知，要为猫咪准备必要的资源，而且这些东西要相互分开，这样你的猫就可以自由出入，且不会受到其它猫或其他潜在威胁的挑战，C项符合此处语境，C项中的“resources”和“separated”与该段小标题中的“resources”和“separated”构成原词复现关系。
3．解析：D　设空处是对上文的补充说明。根据上文中的“Play can be motivated with the use of interactive toys that look like prey (猎物).”可知，人们可以给猫咪玩一种可以模仿猎物的互动玩具，设空处应该与这种互动玩具有关，D项中的“prey”指的就是这种互动玩具，故D项符合此处语境。
4．解析：F　设空处与下文构成例证关系。根据该段小标题和下文中的“petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap”可知，设空处应该与人和猫的互动有关，F项中的“how much they like human interactions”描述的就是人和猫的关系，故F项符合此处语境。F项中的“human interactions”是下文中的“petting，being played with or talked to，being picked up，and sitting or lying on a person's lap”的概括词。
5．解析：A　设空处承上启下。根据上文中的“Unlike humans，cats use their sense of smell to evaluate their surroundings.”和下文中的“Some smells can be threatening to cats which may lead to problematic behaviors.”可知，猫咪留下的气味对它们非常重要，A项内容告诉人们不要清洁猫咪的气味，下文描述了会对猫咪产生危害的气味。A项中的“scent”与上文中的“scent”构成原词复现关系。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game you're playing and using the right 1.________(equip) can go a long way towards preventing injuries.If you think you've been injured, pull 2.________ (you) out of the game or quit 3.________(do) your activity or workout.Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often in athletes 4.________play contact sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 5.________(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 6.________(medicine) help.If the person 7.________(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will 8.________(probable) be，“When can I play again？” This depends on the injury and 9.________ your doctor tells you.Even if you can't return your sport right away, a doctor might have advice on what you can do to stay fit.Always check with your doctor 10.________ trying any activity following an injury.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了处理运动损伤时的一些要点， 以及恢复期要注意什么。当然， 最好的办法是了解你的运动， 并使用正确的装备。
1．解析：equipment　考查名词。此处指要使用正确的“装备”， right为形容词，修饰名词，equipment 为不可数名词。故填equipment。
2．解析：yourself　考查反身代词。根据句意可知，设空处作 pull 的宾语， 且与主语指同一人， 所以要用反身代词。故填 yourself。
3．解析：doing　考查固定搭配。quit doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填 doing。
4．解析：who/that　考查定语从句。4.______play contact sports like football 是定语从句， 修饰先行词 athletes，指人，从句缺少主语。故填 who/that。
5．解析：held　考查非谓语动词。设空处在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，hold 与 his or her head 之间是逻辑上的被动关系， 所以要用过去分词形式。故填 held。
6．解析：medical　考查形容词。修饰名词help，应用形容词。故填medical。
7．解析：is lying/lies　考查时态。根据语境可知， 此处用现在进行时或一般现在时都可以。故填 is lying/lies。
8．解析：probably　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。故填 probably。
9．解析：what　考查宾语从句。and后为depends on 的宾语， 设空处引导宾语从句， 从句中缺少 tells的直接宾语。故填what。
10．解析：before　考查介词。此处是说在受伤后，再次进行任何体育活动之前，一定要咨询医生。故填before。课时规范训练(一)
层级一　基础知识自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Contrary to my former thought，the photographer had a good command of the techniques (技术) of photography.
2．We rushed to the spot of the accident and the victims (受害者) were bound to need our aid.
3．The suggestions on how to prevent acid (酸的)rain put forward by the expert are very practical.
4．It is said that the computer radiation (辐射) is doing harm to our health.
5．A weak ray (光线) of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
6．Nowadays many young parents are addicted to their electric (用电的) devices like smartphones or computers.
7．Some people say that human cloning is a good thing because it can solve the problem of organ(器官) transplants.
8．If a tooth feels very loose (松的)，your dentist may recommend that it should be pulled out.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays，without electricity(electric)，we wouldn't live a happy and convenient life.
2．Playing basketball serves as the best way to ease (ease) our great study pressure and find some pleasure at the same time.
3．We were urged to deal (deal) with the severe problem that arose from our carelessness.
4．Only a small minority (minor) of customers have complained about the changes in design.
5．Knowing (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
6．I ran to my father with my red and swollen(swell) eyes，throwing my arms around him and hugged him tightly.
7．We will eat zongzi which is made of rice wrapped (wrap) in bamboo leaves.
8．Make the patient as comfortable as possible，and loosen (loose) any tight clothing.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．考试只是一种评价手段，因此，没有必要太过于担心结果。
Exams are no more than a means of evaluating.Therefore，there is no need to worry too much about the results.
2．我希望你会发现这些建议有所用处，如果有必要的话，我时刻准备着与你进一步讨论细节。
I hope you will find these suggestions useful，and I would be ready to discuss further details with you if necessary．
3．正如一句古老谚语所说，“有志者事竟成。”
As an old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
4．她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。(读后续写之神态描写)
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease．
5．我写信告知你时间安排上的小变动。由于大多数学生下周六没空，我们将在下周天举行活动。(应用文之告知信)
I am writing to inform you of minor changes to the schedule．Because a majority of students aren't available next Saturday，we will hold the activity next Sunday.
层级二　素养能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Minutes can make a difference when a life is on the line.The American Red Cross has begun offering free training and certification so high school students can act fast in medical emergencies.
Traumatic injuries (创伤性损伤) are the leading cause of death in Americans younger than 45.“What we are trying to do is take lessons that we learned from the battlefield — people with life-threatening injuries might have a much better chance of surviving if they can have immediate treatment，” said Craig Goolsby, a professor of Military Emergency Medicine at the Uniformed Services University.“If people can stop bleeding, particularly bleeding from arms and legs, we have a lot better chance of saving the lives of those people once they reach the hospital，” he said.
First Aid for Severe Trauma (FAST) training is available to teach high school students how to talk to each other effectively during an emergency, how to make sure that the scene is safe so additional people don't get hurt and how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带) or direct pressure.“Just some of those really basic things that can be life-saving before an ambulance arrives，” Goolsby said.
“My team has done a series of research studies over the past several years looking at the public's ability to apply tourniquets or apply direct pressure.We've found that even very brief education, like 15 minutes of education, can have a great effect on how people will react，” Goolsby added，“They start out at a lower level of likelihood of response, get the training, and then all of a sudden, they're more likely to respond.”
Goolsby noted that in many emergencies, average people on the street jumped in to help people who were injured.“Giving the public these tools and the courage to say ‘I can do this’is really important.The FAST program does that.And so we're excited to be able to empower this next generation of Americans to take those steps，” he said.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。当一条生命危在旦夕时，几分钟就能改变一切。美国红十字会已经开始提供免费的培训和认证，这样高中生就可以在医疗紧急的情况下迅速采取行动。
1．What did Craig Goolsby learn from the battlefield
A．The difficulty of surviving.
B．The types of traumatic injuries.
C．The importance of immediate treatment.
D．The life-saving measures taken by medical staff.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，克雷格·古尔斯比从战场上学到了立即治疗的重要性。
2．Which of the following is included in the FAST training
A．How to move the injured to a safe place.
B．How to help the injured deal with pressure.
C．How to communicate effectively in emergencies.
D．How to make tourniquets using materials on hand.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，如何在紧急情况下有效沟通被包括在FAST培训中。
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Most people have little first aid experience.
B．Educated people are more likely to offer help.
C．Most people find it difficult to apply direct pressure.
D．People tend to help others willingly after the training.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段“They start out at a lower level of likelihood of response, get the training, and then all of a sudden, they're more likely to respond.”可知，经过培训后，人们往往愿意帮助别人。
4．What was Craig Goolsby's attitude towards the FAST program
A．Doubtful.　　　 B．Positive.
C．Worried. D．Critical.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后一段克雷格·古尔斯比所说的话可知，克雷格·古尔斯比对FAST项目的态度是肯定的。
B
Traditionally, it has been assumed that cultivating food leads to a loss of biodiversity and negative impacts on an ecosystem.In a recent study, researchers looked at 28 urban community gardens across California over five years and quantified biodiversity in plant and animal life, as well as ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration (碳封存), food production, pest control, and human well-being.
“We wanted to determine if there were any biodiversity and impacts on ecosystem function in those urban gardens，” says Shalene Jha, the lead author of the study in Ecology Letters.“What we found is that these gardens, which are providing tremendous nutritional resources and increasing well-being for gardeners, are also supporting incredibly high levels of plant and animal biodiversity.It's a win-win.”
Previous assumptions by scientists about the negative effect of food production on biodiversity have been almost entirely based on intensive rural agriculture enterprises that tend to grow only one or two types of crops, often at a massive scale.Urban community gardens, private gardens, and urban farms and orchards tend to grow more types of plants in smaller areas.The new study is the first to explore the effects of urban gardens across a wide range of biodiversity measures and ecological services.
“It's estimated that by 2030, about 60% of the world's population will live in cities，” Jha says，“And urban farms and gardens currently provide about 15%－20% of our food supply, so they are essential in addressing food inequality challenges.What we're seeing is that urban gardens present a critical opportunity to support both biodiversity and local food production.”
The study also found that the choices that gardeners make can have a large impact on their local ecosystem.For instance, planting trees outside crop beds could increase carbon sequestration without decreasing food production from too much shade.And covering only within crop beds could help improve soil carbon services, while avoiding negative effects on pest control.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明城市园林可以促进生物多样性。
5．What's the purpose of the study conducted by Shalene Jha
A．To analyze the cause of loss of biodiversity.
B．To increase well-being of gardeners.
C．To quantify nutritional levels in plants and animals.
D．To study the influence of urban gardens on ecosystem.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘We wanted to determine if there were any biodiversity and impacts on ecosystem function in those urban gardens，’ says Shalene Jha, the lead author of the study in Ecology Letters.”可知，实验目的是研究城市园林对生态系统的影响。
6．What may cause the loss of biodiversity according to previous assumptions
A．Inefficient pest control.
B．Limited planting scales.
C．Intensive agricultural pattern.
D．Unsatisfactory ecological services.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Previous assumptions by scientists about the negative effect of food production on biodiversity have been almost entirely based on intensive rural agriculture enterprises that tend to grow only one or two types of crops, often at a massive scale.”可知，之前的假设认为集约化农业模式会影响生物多样性。
7．What's Jha's attitude towards urban gardens
A．Objective. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
解析：B　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可知，贾对城市花园的态度是支持的。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Urban Gardens Boost Biodiversity
B．Urban Gardens Challenge Rural Agriculture
C．Urban Farms Address Food Inequality
D．Urban Biodiversity Increases Well-being of Gardener
解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“What we found is that these gardens, which are providing tremendous nutritional resources and increasing well-being for gardeners, are also supporting incredibly high levels of plant and animal biodiversity.It's a win-win.”及第四段“What we're seeing is that urban gardens present a critical opportunity to support both biodiversity and local food production.”可知，本文通过一项研究说明了城市园林可以促进生物多样性，所以“城市花园促进生物多样性”适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Lewis B．Smedes once said，“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”For years Tom Anderson's life was withered up (枯萎) by the memory of his __1__ in an adventure that __2__ the death of one of his classmates.He and his wife __3__after six years of marriage.Then the news about Tom Anderson changed.His wife Betty came back; he __4__ a fine position.
One day he told me what had changed his life，“I used to think nothing could__5__ what I had done.The thought of my __6__ would stop me in the middle of a smile.It put a __7__ between my wife and me.Then I had an __8__ visit from the person I dreaded(恐惧)most to see—the mother of the college classmate who died.‘Unless you forgive, you cannot love，’she said，‘And without love, life has no __9__．’She paused, and then said __10__，‘You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.’I found there in her eyes __11__ to be the person I might have been if her boy had lived.For the first time in my life, I felt __12__ to be loved.”
Forgiveness is truly__13__，through which we gain the freedom to learn from experience.But forgiving our shortcomings doesn't mean __14__ that they exist.On the contrary, it means facing them __15__．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了因为汤姆·安德森参加的一次冒险而导致一位同学过世，多年来他一直饱受折磨，去世同学的母亲选择宽恕他，并指出他也应该宽恕自己，让他过上了正常人的生活。
1．A.act　　　　　 B．part
C．conduct D．behavior
解析：B　由下文的“in an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates”和“the college classmate who died”可知，汤姆·安德森参加的冒险让一位同学身亡，他的生活也因此事而黯然失色，part in (参与)。
2．A.accounted for B．figured out
C．participated in D．applied for
解析：A　由本处的“an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates”以及下文内容可知，这次冒险要为这位同学的身亡负责。
3．A.registered B．separated
C．withdrew D．integrated
解析：B　由下文的“His wife Betty came back”可知，之后妻子回来了，说明之前汤姆·安德森因同学身亡一事大受打击，生活变得糟糕，和妻子分居了。
4．A.presented B．promoted
C．earned D．guaranteed
解析：C　由上文的“Then the news about Tom Anderson changed.His wife Betty came back”和下文的“a fine position”可知，之后他的人生变好了，妻子回来了，他也获得了一份好工作。
5．A.reveal B．confirm
C．strengthen D．undo
解析：D　由上文的“For years Tom Anderson's life was withered up (枯萎) by the memory of his ____ in an adventure that ____ the death of one of his classmates.”和下文的“She paused, and then said ____， ‘You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.’”可知，汤姆·安德森一直无法原谅自己，所以他认为没有什么能使自己的所作所为得到解脱。
6．A.drawback B．survival
C．guilt D．sympathy
解析：C　由上文可知，汤姆·安德森一直很内疚。
7．A.wall B．reminder
C．reserve D．comfort
解析：A　由上文“He and his wife ____ after six years of marriage.”可知，汤姆·安德森和妻子分居了，说明二人之间有一堵墙(暗指有隔阂、无法沟通)。
8．A.impossible B．unexpected
C．undoubted D．unbearable
解析：B　由下文的“visit from the person I dreaded (恐惧) most to see—the mother of the college classmate who died”可知，汤姆·安德森最害怕见到过世的同学的母亲，但是没想到其母亲会来拜访自己，完全出乎意料。
9．A.concept B．standard
C．principle D．meaning
解析：D　根据上文“And without love, life has no”以及常识可知，生活中没有爱，生活就没有意义。
10．A.deliberately B．humbly
C．sincerely D．morally
解析：C　由上文的“Unless you forgive, you cannot love”和下文的“You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.”可知，汤姆·安德森最害怕见到的人——死去的大学同学的母亲拜访了自己，劝自己要原谅自己，用爱去生活，还真诚地说他是唯一一个没有原谅自己的人。
11．A.permission B．passion
C．ambition D．attempt
解析：A　由上文的“Unless you forgive, you cannot love”和“You are the only person who hasn't forgiven Tom Anderson.”可知，过世同学的母亲劝汤姆·安德森要原谅自己，放下心结，允许自己回到正常的样子。
12．A.valuable B．significant
C．worthy D．innocent
解析：C　由上文的“to be the person I might have been if her boy had lived”可知，因为过世同学母亲劝汤姆·安德森原谅自己、放下心结的话，汤姆原谅了自己，有生以来第一次感到自己值得去爱和被爱。
13．A.interesting B．beneficial
C．challenging D．demanding
解析：B　由下文的“through which we gain the freedom to learn from experience”可知，宽恕帮助我们从经验中获得学习的自由，可得出宽恕是有益的。
14．A.denying B．assuming
C．clarifying D．opposing
解析：A　由常识可知，缺点一直客观存在，所以原谅缺点并不意味着否认缺点的存在。
15．A.emotionally B．diligently
C．temporarily D．realistically
解析：D　由上文的“forgiving our shortcomings”和下文“ On the contrary, it means facing them”可知，人们原谅缺点就是在现实中去正视缺点，侧面反映原谅缺点并不意味着否认缺点的存在，而是意味着在现实中面对它。

展开更多......

收起↑