Module 10-11定语从句讲义外研版英语九年级上册

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Module 10-11定语从句讲义外研版英语九年级上册

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定语从句
定语从句是在复合句中充当定语的从句,修饰名词或代词,又称形容词性从句
一、结构
结构:(主句+先行词)+(关系词+从句)
先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,一般出现在定语从句之前
关系词是引导定语从句的词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用
I love the book that you bought yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天买的这本书
先行词 关系词
二、关系词
引导定语从句的关系词必须与先行词进行逻辑上的匹配(指人或指物),在从句中充当成分(在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见关系代词that , which , who (宾格 whom , 所有格whose )在从句中充当句子成分,关系副词 where , when, why在从句中作状语
关系词 先行词所指 从句中所作成分
关系代词 that 人/物 主语/宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人的/物的 定语(...的)
关系副词 where 地点 地点状语
when 时间 时间状语
why 原因 原因状语
1.that引导定语从句
that既可指人, 又可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略, 作宾语可省略
The film that tells an adventure is very interesting. (that作主语)
这个讲述冒险的电影很有趣
The book (that) you lent me is interesting. (that作宾语)
你借给我的书很有趣
注意:that在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致(主谓一致)
I prefer shoes that are comfortable. 我更喜欢舒适的鞋子
I have a friend that plays the guitar. 我有个弹吉他的朋友
2.which引导定语从句
which不可指人, 只可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语
The book which tells an adventure inspires me.(which作主语)
这本讲述冒险的书启发了我
The book which I like best is on the table.(which作宾语)
我最喜欢的这本书在桌子上
3.who引导定语从句
who只可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语)
The woman who helped me is my teacher.(who作主语)
帮助我的那个女人是我的老师
The men who I met yesterday is my teacher.(who作宾语)
我昨天遇见的那个男人是我的老师
4.whom引导定语从句
whom是who的宾格形式,只可指人,在从句中作宾语,比who作宾语更正式
The men whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(whom作宾语)
5.whose引导定语从句
whose是who的所有格形式,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中作定语
The girl whose mother is an engineer works hard. (whose指人)
这个妈妈是工程师的女孩学习很努力
The house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose指物)
这栋窗户破了的房子是空的
注意:定语从句中关系代词的省略
无论定语从句修饰的是人还是物,引导词that、which、who、whom在从句中作宾语时可省略
The film(that/which)we watched yesterday is boring. 我们昨天看的那部电影很无聊
The scientist(who/whom)we interviewed won the prize. 我们采访的那位科学家获奖了
6.where(=介词+which)引导定语从句
This is the place where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待的地方
This is the place in which I stayed last year.
7.when(=介词+which)引导定语从句
I still remember the day when I first met you. 我仍记得与你初遇的那一天
I still remember the day on which I first met you.
8.why(=for+which)引导定语从句
Please tell me the reason why you were late. 请告诉我你迟到的理由
Please tell me the reason for which you were late.
三、关系词的特殊用法
先行词是物时,定语从句通常可由that或which引导,但有些情况只能用that或只能用which
1.关系词只能用that,不能用which(疑代序双特高)
(1)疑:句中含疑问词who,which
Which is the book that he bought yesterday
(2)代:先行词被 all, any, few, little, much , many, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词修饰时
All the apples that fell from the tree were eaten. 所有从树上掉下的苹果都被吃了
I will tell you something(that)you don’t know. 我要告诉你一些你不知道的事
(3)序:先行词被序数词修饰时
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人
(4)双:先行词里同时含有人和物时
I can remember some people and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的任何一些照片
(5)特:先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等词修饰时
This is the only story that I have read twice. 这是唯一一本我读过两次的书
This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车
(6)高:先行词形容词最高级修饰时
This is the most beautiful park that I have seen. 这是我见过最美的公园
2.关系词只能用which, 不能用that
(1)先行词指物,引导非限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间用逗号隔开)
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous. 这棵四百年的古树非常有名
先行词指物,且关系代词前有介词时
I can’t find my bag in which I put my books. 我找不到放书的包了

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