资源简介 定语从句定语从句是在复合句中充当定语的从句,修饰名词或代词,又称形容词性从句一、结构结构:(主句+先行词)+(关系词+从句)先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,一般出现在定语从句之前关系词是引导定语从句的词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用I love the book that you bought yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天买的这本书先行词 关系词二、关系词引导定语从句的关系词必须与先行词进行逻辑上的匹配(指人或指物),在从句中充当成分(在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,常见关系代词that , which , who (宾格 whom , 所有格whose )在从句中充当句子成分,关系副词 where , when, why在从句中作状语关系词 先行词所指 从句中所作成分关系代词 that 人/物 主语/宾语which 物 主语/宾语who 人 主语/宾语whom 人 宾语whose 人的/物的 定语(...的)关系副词 where 地点 地点状语when 时间 时间状语why 原因 原因状语1.that引导定语从句that既可指人, 又可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略, 作宾语可省略The film that tells an adventure is very interesting. (that作主语)这个讲述冒险的电影很有趣The book (that) you lent me is interesting. (that作宾语)你借给我的书很有趣注意:that在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与先行词保持一致(主谓一致)I prefer shoes that are comfortable. 我更喜欢舒适的鞋子I have a friend that plays the guitar. 我有个弹吉他的朋友2.which引导定语从句which不可指人, 只可指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语The book which tells an adventure inspires me.(which作主语)这本讲述冒险的书启发了我The book which I like best is on the table.(which作宾语)我最喜欢的这本书在桌子上3.who引导定语从句who只可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语)The woman who helped me is my teacher.(who作主语)帮助我的那个女人是我的老师The men who I met yesterday is my teacher.(who作宾语)我昨天遇见的那个男人是我的老师4.whom引导定语从句whom是who的宾格形式,只可指人,在从句中作宾语,比who作宾语更正式The men whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(whom作宾语)5.whose引导定语从句whose是who的所有格形式,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中作定语The girl whose mother is an engineer works hard. (whose指人)这个妈妈是工程师的女孩学习很努力The house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose指物)这栋窗户破了的房子是空的注意:定语从句中关系代词的省略无论定语从句修饰的是人还是物,引导词that、which、who、whom在从句中作宾语时可省略The film(that/which)we watched yesterday is boring. 我们昨天看的那部电影很无聊The scientist(who/whom)we interviewed won the prize. 我们采访的那位科学家获奖了6.where(=介词+which)引导定语从句This is the place where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待的地方This is the place in which I stayed last year.7.when(=介词+which)引导定语从句I still remember the day when I first met you. 我仍记得与你初遇的那一天I still remember the day on which I first met you.8.why(=for+which)引导定语从句Please tell me the reason why you were late. 请告诉我你迟到的理由Please tell me the reason for which you were late.三、关系词的特殊用法先行词是物时,定语从句通常可由that或which引导,但有些情况只能用that或只能用which1.关系词只能用that,不能用which(疑代序双特高)(1)疑:句中含疑问词who,whichWhich is the book that he bought yesterday (2)代:先行词被 all, any, few, little, much , many, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词修饰时All the apples that fell from the tree were eaten. 所有从树上掉下的苹果都被吃了I will tell you something(that)you don’t know. 我要告诉你一些你不知道的事(3)序:先行词被序数词修饰时He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人(4)双:先行词里同时含有人和物时I can remember some people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的任何一些照片(5)特:先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等词修饰时This is the only story that I have read twice. 这是唯一一本我读过两次的书This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车(6)高:先行词形容词最高级修饰时This is the most beautiful park that I have seen. 这是我见过最美的公园2.关系词只能用which, 不能用that(1)先行词指物,引导非限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间用逗号隔开)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous. 这棵四百年的古树非常有名先行词指物,且关系代词前有介词时I can’t find my bag in which I put my books. 我找不到放书的包了 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览