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2025新外研版八年级英语上册Unit5课文知识语法讲解
A部分
1.What kinds of rules do you need to follow in daily life
在日常生活中你需要遵循哪些种类的规则？
【用法讲解】
rule作名词时，可译为“规则、统治”，其复数形式为rules；rule也可作动词，译为“统治”
【常见搭配】follow the rules 遵守规则
As a rule 通常、一般来说
Eg: The rules of the game 游戏规则
The emperor ruled from 27 BC to 14 AD.
这个皇帝从公元前27年统治到公元14年。
As a rule, I don’t eat dessert.
通常情况下，我不吃甜点。
First, all of us must follow the rules.
首先，大家都应该遵守纪律。
follow作动词，也可译为“理解、听懂”。
Eg: She followed him out of the room.
她跟着他离开了房间。
Please follow the instructions carefully.
请仔细遵循指示。
I’m not following you. Could you explain that again
我不懂你的意思。你能再解释一遍吗？
【常见搭配】 follow up 跟进
Follow through 坚持到底
Follow the rules 遵守规则
Eg: He needs to follow up on that project.
他需要跟进那个项目。
She decided to follow through with her plan.
她决定坚持到底实行她的计划。
We must follow the school rules.
我们必须遵守学校规则。
【派生词】 follower为名词，译为“跟随者”；
following为形容词，译为“下列的、接下来的”。
Eg: His follower is very loyal.
他的追随者非常忠诚。
The following comrades will stay.
下列同志请留下。
daily也可作副词，译为“日常地、每日”；daily还可为名词，译为“日报、日刊”。
Eg: Credit card has become a daily consumption payment tool.
信用卡已成为一种日常的消费支付工具。
I need to take my medicine daily.
我需要每天服用药物。
Do you read the daily
你看每日报纸吗？
【常见搭配】 daily life 日常生活
Eg: Commuting is a part of daily life for many people.
乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。
【派生词】 day为名词，译为“天、日子”。
Eg: How many days are there in a week
一周有多少天？
【易混辨析】 daily与everyday区别
daily强调每天发生的事情，侧重具体的世家频率；
everyday强调事物的普遍性和平常性，不强调是否每天发生。
Eg: We milk the cows daily.
我们每天挤牛奶。
It’s everyday routine.
这是每天的例行公事。
【即学即用】
1.First, I’ll explain the ________ (规则) of the game.
2.每个人都必须遵守规则。
Everyone must _______ _______ _______.
3.Our ________ (day) earnings generally average around $300.
答案：1. rules 2. follow the rules 3. daily
2.Nothing can be done without norms or standards. 没有规矩，不成方圆。
【用法讲解】 Done在此处为形容词，译为“完成了的、做好了的、筋疲力尽的”；同时也是动词do的过去分词。
Eg: The work is done.
工作已经完成了。
The steak is well done.
牛排全熟了。
I’m done after running 10km.
跑完10公里我累瘫了。
I have done my homework.
我已经做完作业了。
【常见搭配】 be done with sth. 结束某事
Have sth. done 让某事被做
Well done! 做得好！
Eg: I’m done with this job.
我做完这项工作了。
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天剪了头发。
Well done on passing the exam!
考试通过，干得好。
【派生词】 do为动词，译为“做”。
Eg: Do it yourself -- I don’t have time.
你自己做吧 --- 我没有时间。
【即学即用】
1.When I got home, the dinner was already _______ (do).
答案：done
3.Good order is the foundation of all things. 良好的秩序是一切的基础。
【用法讲解】 order作名词，也可译为“订单、顺序、秩序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”。
Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order.
这些书按字母顺序排列。
I placed an order for a new computer.
我订购了一台新电脑。
The waiter came to take our order.
服务员过来记下我们的点菜。
The doctor ordered the patient to rest.
医生命令病人休息。
I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory.
我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。
【常见搭配】 in order to ... 为了...
Out of order 故障或不正常
Order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
Order sth. from... 从...订购某物
Order one’s life 安排自己的生活
Eg: I study hard in order to get a good job.
我努力学习是为了找到好工作。
The printer is out of order.
这台打印机坏了。
The teacher ordered the students to clean the classroom.
老师命令学生们打扫教室。
I ordered a new phone from the online store.
我从网上商店订购了一部新手机。
She is trying to order her life after retirement.
她退休后正努力安排自己的生活。
【即学即用】
1.他每天锻炼以保持健康。
He exercises daily ______ ______ ______ stay healthy.
答案：in order to
4.Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.
突然，我对面的女孩开始在手机上放大声的音乐。
【用法讲解】 loud常常用来描述声音的强度和清晰度；也可用来描述环境或声音的嘈杂程度。
Eg: He spoke in a loud voice.
他大声地说。
The party was very loud.
聚会非常吵闹。
【派生词】 Loudly为副词，译为“大声地”；
aloud为副词，译为“大声地、出声地”。
Eg: The audience laughed loudly.
观众们大笑起来。
I’ll read the text aloud first.
我先大声朗读一下课文。
【易混辨析】 loud，aloud和loudly区别
Loud为形容词，侧重声音的音量和传远性；可与speak、talk、laugh等连用；
aloud为副词，强调发出声音，常与read、think、call、shout等连用；
loudly为副词，强调声音的强度和方式.，常用于描述各种嘈杂的声音。
Eg: Please speak louder -- I can’t hear you.
请讲大声点 -- 我听不见。
He called aloud for help.
他大声呼救。
The bell rang loudly.
钟声大声地响起。
【即学即用】
1.L_______ music makes me stressed out.
答案：Loud
5.What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. 多震惊啊！我几乎吃惊地跳起来。
【用法讲解】surprise在此处为名词，译为“惊喜、惊讶”；surprise还可为动词，译为“使惊讶”。
【常见搭配】 To one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
In surprise 惊讶地
Surprise sb. with sth. 以某事引发惊讶
Surprise sb. by doing sth. 通过某种行为使某人惊讶
Eg: To my surprise, all the questions were different.
令我吃惊的是，所有的问题都不一样。
He looked at me in surprise.
他惊讶地看着我。
She surprised him with a handmade gift.
她用手工礼物让他惊喜。
He surprised everyone by quitting his job.
他通过辞职让所有人惊讶。
【派生词】surprising为形容词，译为“令人惊奇的”，常常用来修饰物；
surprised为形容词，译为“感到吃惊的”，常常用来修饰人。
【常见搭配】be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶
Be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
Eg: I was surprised at how quickly he finished the project.
我对他这么快完成项目感到惊讶。
She was surprised to win the prize.
她对自己获奖感到非常惊讶。
To my surprise, she passed the exam easily.
令我惊讶的是，她轻松地通过了考试。
【即学即用】
1.令我吃惊的是，他这么容易就通过了考试。
______ _______ ________, he passed the exam easily.
答案：To my surprise
6.A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food.
一分钟后，我旁边的男人拿出几袋食物。
【用法讲解】
next to me为介词短语作后置定语修饰前面名词man。
Eg: The book on the table is mine.
桌子上的书是我的。
several后面即可接可数名词也可接不可数名词；也可以作代词指代已经提及的人或物。
Eg: I saw several birds in the garden.
我在花园里看到了几只鸟。
She has several pieces of advice for you.
她有几条建议给你。
I didn’t know which key to use, so I tried several.
我不知道用哪个钥匙，所以我试了好几个。
【常见搭配】 several + of + 限定词 + 名词复数
Several times 几次
Eg: Several of my friends don’t have cars.
我的几个朋友没有车。
I have tried to call her several times, but she didn’t answer.
我试着给她打了几次电话，但她没接。
【即学即用】
( )1. There are several ______ of books on the table in the classroom.
A.pair B. pairs C. piece D. pieces
2.他旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
The girl _______ ______ him is my sister.
答案： 1. B 2. next to
7.I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr. Smelly Food.
我捂住我的鼻子，以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。
【用法讲解】
cover作动词，还可译为“涉及、采访、代替、支付、走完一段路程”；cover也可作名词，译为“避难所”。
Eg: The table is covered with a white cloth.
桌子上覆盖着一块白布。
This book covers a wide range of topics.
这本书涵盖了广泛的主题。
The newspaper covered the event in detail.
报纸详细报道了这一事件。
He covered for me when I was away.
当我离开时，他代替了我的工作。
The insurance covers the cost of the repair.
保险足以支付修理费用。
The hike covered 10 miles.
这次徒步旅行走了10英里。
The book has a beautiful cover.
这本书有一个漂亮的封面。
The box has a plastic cover.
这个盒子有一个塑料盖子。
The forest provided a natural cover for the animals.
森林为动物们提供了一个天然的避难所。
【常见搭配】 from cover to cover 从头到尾阅读
Cover... with ... 用...盖...
Be covered with ... 被覆盖
Eg: I read the novel from cover to cover in one sitting.
我一口气从头到尾读完了这本小说。
She covered her eyes with her hands.
她用手盖住自己的眼睛。
The ground is covered with snow.
地面被大雪覆盖。
So as to译为“为了、以便”，说明某一行为的直接目的、强调主观意图。
Eg: He saved money so as to buy s new car.
他存钱是为了买一辆新车。
【即学即用】
( )1. -- May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters
-- Sorry, but all of them are out to _____ the main events of the day.
A.get B. find C. cover D. search
2. 我早到是为了占个好座位。
I arrived early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat.
答案： 1. C 2. so as to
8.My face turned as red as a tomato! 我的脸涨得像西红柿一样红！
turn在此处为动词，译为“转变”，还可译为“转动、改变方向”等。
Eg: Please turn the key in the lock.
请把钥匙插到锁里转动。
Turn left at the corner. 在拐角处左转。
【常见搭配】 turn... into ... 把...变成...
Turn ... off 关闭（常指关掉自来水、电灯及家用电器等）
Turn... on 打开（常指开灯或打开家用电器等）
Turn down 把声音调低、拒绝
Turn up 把声音调高、出现
Eg: The magician turned the flower into a bird.
这个魔术师把一朵花变成了一只鸟。
You must turn off the light when you go to bed.
你应当在你睡觉前关灯。
I want to watch TV, can I turn it on
我想要看电视，我能开吗？
Don’t forget to turn down the volume when you leave the room.
当你离开房间时，别忘了调低音量。
He has turned down the letter.
他拒绝了信。
Don't worry, it will turn up.
别担心，它会出现的。
I can't hear the music clearly, please turn up the radio.
我听不清音乐，请把收音机声音调高。
【易混辨析】 become, turn, go, grow和get的区别
Become译为“变得”，强调变化过程的完成及身份的变化；
Turn译为“变得”，强调变化的结果，侧重颜色、方向或状态的变化；
go译为“变得”，强调由好变坏；
grow译为“变得”，强调逐渐变化的过程；
get译为“变得”，强调短暂或逐渐的变化，常与形容词连用。
Eg: He became famous.
他变得很有名。
The leaves turned yellow in autumn.
树叶在秋天变成黄色。
The meat went bad.
肉变质了。
The tree grew tall.
树长高了。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天变得越来越长。
【即学即用】
( )1. The pollution problem is _________ serious.
A.becoming B. turning C. getting D. growing
2. 可是我转身之后，却发现没有人。
I’ll ________ ______, but then no one is there.
答案：1. D 2. turn around
9.Come on, he’s just a kid. 算了吧，他只是一个孩子。
【用法讲解】 come on为动词短语，译为“加油、来吧、开始、得了吧”。
Eg: Come on! You can do it better.
加油！你能做得更好。
Come on, let’s go to the party together.
来吧，我们一起参加派对。
The rain finally came on in the afternoon.
下午终于开始下雨了。
Come on, you can’t expect me to believe that story.
得了吧，你别指望我相信那个故事了。
【即学即用】
1.快点，不然我们看电影要迟到了。
_______ _______, or we’ll be late for the movie.
答案：Come on
B部分
1.They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. 他们好像也不高兴，但没人采取任何行动。
【用法讲解】 seem为动词，译为“似乎、好像”。
【常见搭配】 seem + 形容词 似乎...
Seem (to be) + 表语 看来、好像
Seem to do sth. 似乎做、好像做
It seems that 从句 似乎...
Eg: The boys seemed hungry when I saw them.
当我看到这些男孩时，他们似乎很饿。
Jenny seems (to be) a very clever girl.
珍妮看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。
Mrs. White doesn’t seem to like the house.
怀特夫人似乎不太喜欢这个屋子。
It seems that no one has found out the reasons for the accident.
似乎没有人知道事故发生的原因。
【即学即用】
( )1. The man over there seems _______ a new teacher.
A.be B. to be C. is D. to is
答案： B
2.They aren’t just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts.
这些规则不只是写在墙上，还（应该）铭记在我们的脑海和心中。
【用法讲解】 mind在此处为名词，译为“头脑、思想”；mind也可作动词，译为“介意”。
【常见搭配】Change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下决心(做某事)
mind (one’s) doing sth. “介意（某人）做某事”
Mind + 从句
Eg: She made up her mind to improve her English.
她下定决心提高她的英语。
Would you mind my opening the door
你介意我开门吗？
I don’t mind if you have free time.
我不介意你是否有空闲时间。
【即学即用】
( ) 1. --Would you mind my _______
-- Of course. Do it as you like, please.
A.to play the piano B. playing the piano
C. play the piano D. to playing the piano
答案： B
3.I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... 我深吸一口气，站了起来、清了清喉咙...
【用法讲解】
breath为名词，译为“呼吸的空气”。
【常见搭配】 Take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹、让人叹绝
Out of breath 气喘吁吁、上气不接下气
Take a deep breath 深呼吸
Hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
A breath of fresh air 新鲜空气
Eg: The scenery of the Rocky Mountains took my breath away.
落基山脉的景色令人叹为观止。
She was out of breath after running up the stairs.
她跑上楼后气喘吁吁。
I took a deep breath and walked into the room.
我深吸了一口气，走进了房间。
He held his breath as he watched the diver plunge into the water.
他看着潜水员跳入水中，屏住呼吸。
We will get a breath of fresh air at lunchtime.
我们午餐时出去透透气。
【派生词】 breathe为动词，译为“呼吸”。
Eg: I need to breathe some fresh air.
我需要呼吸一些新鲜空气。
【常见搭配】 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
Eg: After finishing the exam, the students all breathed a sigh of relief.
考试之后，所有的学生都松了一口气。
clear为动词，译为“清理、清除、澄清”，clear还可为形容词，译为“清晰的、晴朗的”。
Eg: Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
【常见搭配】 clear out 清理、丢掉
Clear up 天气放晴
In the clear 摆脱困境
Keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦
Make clear 讲清楚、使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。
【派生词】 clearly为副词，译为“清楚地”。
Eg: Speak more clearly. 说得更清楚些。
【即学即用】
( )1. When we _________ (breath), the air goes into our lungs.
1.大峡谷的美丽让我陶醉不已。
The beauty of the Grand Canyon ______ _______ ________ ________.
2.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are ________ _________ the old furniture from the attic.
答案：1. breathe 2. took my breath away 3. clearing out
4.He said he broke the flowerpot while playing basketball. 他说他打篮球时打碎了花盆。
【用法讲解】 break在此处为名词，译为“休息”，相当于rest；break还可为动词，译为“破碎、违反、打断”，其过去式为broke，过去分词为broken。
Eg: I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good.
我想他停下工作休息15分钟对他会有好处。
The dish fell to the floor and broken.
碟子掉到地上摔碎了。
She broke her promise to me.
她违背了对我的诺言。
We usually break for lunch at 12:30.
我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。
【常见搭配】 have a break 休息
break down 出故障、分解
Break in 强行进入、打断
Break out 爆发
Break up 结束关系、解散
Eg: I must have a break.
我必须休息一下。
The machine has broken down.
机器出故障了。
Someone is trying to break in.
有人试图强行进入。
A fire broke out in the building.
大楼里发生了火宅。
They decided to break up.
他们决定分手。
【派生词】 broken为形容词，译为“破碎的、损坏的”。
Eg: There is a lot of broken glass on the floor.
地板上有很多碎玻璃。
【知识拓展】 “he broke the flowerpot while playing basketball”
在此处为he said的宾语从句。
【即学即用】
1.学校里孩子们有课间休息。
The children ______ ______ _______ between classes at school.
2.My bike is _________ (break). I need to repair it.
答案：1. have a break 2. broken
5.Telling the truth isn’t always easy. 说实话并不总是容易的。
【用法讲解】 Truth译为“真理”时为可数名词，译为“事实、真相”时为不可数名词。
Eg: There are many truths that have been discovered by scientists.
许多真理已经被科学家发现。
The truth is that he is innocent.
事实是他是无罪的。
【常见搭配】tell the truth 说实话、讲真话
In truth 真实地、实在
The truth of ... ...的真相
To tell the truth 说实话
Eg: I must tell you the truth about this.
我必须告诉你这件事的真相。
In truth, we were both unhappy.
事实上，我们俩都不高兴。
The truth of the matter is ...
事情的真相是...
To tell the truth, I fell asleep in the middle of her talk.
说实话，我在她讲话过程中睡着了。
【派生词】True为形容词，译为“真实的、真正的”。
Eg: True friendship is worth more than money.
真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。
【易混辨析】 true和real区别
true强调符合事实，是真的，而不是假的或编造的，与“假”相对；
real强调人或事物真实存在，而不是想象的或是虚构的，与“无”相对。
Eg: That may or may not be true.
这可能是真的，也可能不是。
Real power belongs to the few.
真正的权力掌握在少数人手中。
【即学即用】
1.The ______ (true) is often harder to accept than a lie.
答案： truth
6.This is a famous line from Shakespeare’s play Hamlet.
这是出自莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》的一句著名台词。
【用法讲解】 line为可数名词，其复数形式为lines，还可译为“台词、路线、界限、行业”等；line还可作动词，译为“排成一行、用线标出、沿...排列”。
Eg: Draw a straight line on the paper.
在纸上画一条直线。
There was a long line of cars on the highway during the holiday.
假期期间高速公路上有一长排汽车。
Take the No. 10 bus line to get to the museum.
乘坐10路公交线路去博物馆。
The river is the dividing line between the two countries.
这条河是两国之间的分界线。
She works in the fashion line.
她在时尚行业工作。
The actor spent hours learning his lines.
这位演员花了几个小时背台词。
Please line the books up on the shelf neatly.
请把书整齐地排在书架上。
Line the paper with a pencil before writing.
写字前先用铅笔在纸上划线。
【常见搭配】 stand in a line 站成一排
Wait in line 排队等候
Cut in line 插队
The flight line 航线
The border line 边界线
Line up 排队
Eg: The students stood in a line to enter the classroom.
学生们站成一排进入教室。
People are waiting in line to buy tickets.
人们在排队买票。
Don’t cut in line, please.
请不要插队。
The plane is on its flight line to New York.
飞机正在飞往纽约的航线上。
The soldiers are guarding the border line.
士兵们在守卫边界线。
The students lined up for the assembly.
学生们排队参加集会。
【即学即用】
1.Please write your name in a straight ________ (线).
2.电影院门口总是有很多人排队等候买票。
There are always many people ________ ______ _______ at the movie theater entrance to buy tickets.
答案：1. line 2. waiting in line
7.He even flew through one. 他甚至闯了一个红灯。
【用法讲解】 Fly在此处为动词，译为“飞”；fly也可为名词，译为“苍蝇”，其复数形式为flies；fly还可为形容词，译为“机灵的、时髦的”。
【常见搭配】 fly to 地点 坐飞机去某地
Fly a kite 放风筝
Eg: Birds can fly with their wings.
鸟能用翅膀飞行。
He will fly to Beijing next week.
下周他将飞往北京。
I want to fly a kite this Sunday.
这周日我想去放风筝。
A fly landed on his nose.
一只苍蝇落在了他的鼻子上。
He is a fly detective.
他是一个机灵的侦探。
She is wearing a fly outfit today.
她今天穿得很时髦。
【易混辨析】 through、across和over区别
through常常表示在空间内进行的，强调从物体内部穿过；
across常常表示动作在物体表面进行的，强调从一端到另一端；
Over强调方向性，不与物体表面接触，还有数量上“超过”的意思。
Eg: This train goes through to York.
这列火车直达约克。
It’s too wide. We can’t swim across.
这太宽了，我们游不过去。
The car skidded off the road and rolled over and over.
汽车滑出路面不断翻滚。
【即学即用】
1.丽丽下周将坐飞机去上海。
Lily will _______ _______ Shanghai next week.
( )2. The road goes ______ the forest.
A.cross B. across C. through D. over
答案：1. fly to 2. C
8.A programme’s introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not.
节目的开场白有助于人们决定是否要听下去。
【用法讲解】
introduction为可数名词，其复数形式为introductions。
Eg: Please allow me to make an introduction.
请允许我做个介绍。
【派生词】 Introduce为动词，译为“介绍”。
【常见搭配】 Introduce oneself 自我介绍
Introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍某人
Eg: Please introduce yourself.
请你做一个自我介绍。
Please introduce me to Mr. Wang.
请把我介绍给王先生。
whether为连词，译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句时，表示对某一情况的不确定或疑问。宾语从句要用陈述语句，结构为“whether + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他 + (or not)”。
Eg: I don’t know whether he has arrived.
我不知道他是否已经到了。
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
我不知奥他到底来不来。
【即学即用】
1.This course is an ____________ (introduce) to computing science.
( )2. -- I’m not sure ______ my suggestion is helpful to you.
-- It certainly is. Every little bit helps.
A.why B. how C. whether D. where
答案：1. introduction 2. C
9.In some urgent situations, it might be okay to break certain rules without causing ...
在一些紧急情况下，违反某些规则而不导致...是可以的。
【用法讲解】 certain作形容词，还可译为“确定的、肯定的、必然的”。
Eg: That we should stay together was certain.
我们应该呆在一起这是肯定的。
After the Boston Tea Party, war with England seemed certain.
波士顿倾茶事件以后，与英国交战似乎是不可避免地。
【常见搭配】 for certain 肯定地、确定无疑地
Be certain about sth. 对某事有把握、很确定
Be certain to do sth. 一定做某事
Certain event 必然事件
Certain areas 某些地区
Eg: A certain person called on me yesterday.
昨天有人来找过我。
Tuesday comes before Wednesday, for certain.
周二肯定在周三前。
I am certain about the length of this video.
我很确定视频的长度。
I promise I will be certain to finish the project on time.
我保证我一定会按时完成这个项目。
The earthquake is a certain event.
地震是一个必然事件。
Certain areas are affected by the storm.
某些地区受到风暴影响。
【派生词】 certainly为副词，译为“确实地、当然”；
uncertain为形容词，译为“不确定的”。
Eg: I’m certainly never going there again.
我肯定不会再去那里了。
The company faces an uncertain future with the market in decline.
随着市场衰退，公司面临着不确定的未来。
【即学即用】
1.冬天天气肯定会变冷。
The weather _______ _______ _______ get colder in winter.
答案：is certain to
C部分
1.Then use examples or personal experiences to support your arguments.
然后用例子和个人经验来支持你的争论。
【用法讲解】
example可为名词，译为“例子、榜样”。
Eg: This is a good example of how to write an essay.
这是一个如何写文章的好例子。
【常见搭配】 for example 例如
Set an example 树立榜样
Take ... for example/ as an example of ... 以...为例
Give example to ... 给...举个例子
Eg: For example, apples and oranges are both fruits.
例如，苹果和橘子都是水果。
Parents should set an example for their children.
父母应该为孩子树立榜样。
Take this book as an example, it is very popular.
以这本书为例，它非常受欢迎。
Give an example to explain the proverb.
举个例子来解释这个谚语。
experience作可数名词时，译为“经历”；作不可数名词时，译为“经验”。
【常见搭配】experience in/ of ... 在...方面的经验
Eg: Experience is the best teacher.
经验是最好的老师。
She had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa.
她在非洲旅行时，有很多有趣的经历。
She has rich experience in marketing.
她在市场营销方面有丰富的经验。
【即学即用】
1.他给我们树立了一个好榜样。
He ______ us _____ _______ _______.
( )2. It was a really unforgettable _______. I made some new friends and learned a lot.
A.experience B. story C. lesson D. game
答案：1. set; a good example 2. A
2.Is your team for or against the topic 你的团队支持还是反对这个话题？
【用法讲解】 “for”和“against”常作为对比使用，用于表达支持或反对的立场。此短语常用在选择疑问句中，用于询问对方支持还是反对某个观点或计划。可用于讨论会、辩论赛等正式场合，也可用于日常对话中，用于询问表达对他人、事物的看法。
Eg: Are you for or against the new proposal
你支持还是反对这个新提议？
【知识拓展】 against为介词，译为“反对、与...相反、紧靠”
Eg: He is against the war.
他反对战争。
The chair is against the wall.
椅子靠着墙。
【常见搭配】 against the law 违法
Be against doing sth. 反对做某事
Eg: This is against the law.
这是违法的。
I’m against cutting down the trees.
我反对砍伐树木。
【即学即用】
(1)We’ll play _______ Class Three.
A.against B. in C. to D. with
答案： A
3.In my opinion, I believe that... 在我看来，我相信...
【用法讲解】 believe为动词，译为“相信、认为”。
Eg: I find that hard to believe.
我对此感到难以相信。
【常见搭配】believe sb. 相信某人
believe sb./ sth. (to be) + 形容词/名词 相信/认为某人/某物是...
believe that 从句 相信/认为...
believe in ... 信奉（宗教、神等）；信任（人格、力量等）
It’s believed that 从句 人们都相信...
Eg: I believe him all the time.
我一直都相信他。
Do you believe his reports
你相信他的报告吗？
I believe that he can pass the exam.
我相信他能通过考试。
We believe in his ability.
我们相信他的才干。
It is believed that God will see everything.
相信老天会看到一切。
【即学即用】
( )1. I ______ what he said and I _______ him.
A.believe in; believe in B. believe in; believe
C. believe; believe in D. believe; believe
答案： C
4.Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.
想想20年前，与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。
【用法讲解】
短语“face to face”译为“面对面”。
Eg: We met face to face for the first time.
我们第一次见面是面对面的。
【派生词】 Face - to - face 为形容词，译为“面对面的”。
Eg: Online classes can’t replace face - to - face interaction with teachers.
网课无法替代与老师的面对面互动。
【知识拓展】 face可为可数名词，译为“脸、面部表情、外观”；face也可为动词，译为“面对、面向、正视”等。
Eg: The teacher had a serious face when entering the classroom.
老师走进教室时表情严肃。
The face of the clock is round.
钟的表面是圆形的。
We should face the difficulties bravely.
我们应该勇敢地面对困难。
She faced many challenges in her new job.
她在新的工作钟面临许多挑战。
He finally faced the fact that he had made a mistake.
他终于承认自己犯了一个错误。
dream在此处为名词，译为“梦想、梦”；dream还可为动词，译为“做梦、梦见、梦想”。
【常见搭配】 have a dream 做梦
Dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
Dream that 从句 梦见...
Eg: It’s my dream to travel around the world.
我的梦想是环游世界。
I had a dream about you last night.
我昨晚梦见你了。
He dreams a lot of strange things.
她梦想去欧洲旅行。
She dreams of visiting Paris.
她梦想去巴黎。
I dreamed that I flew like a bird.
我梦见自己像鸟一样飞翔。
【即学即用】
1.我更喜欢面对面交谈、而不是通过电子邮件交流。
I prefer to talk _______ ______ _______ rather than communicate via email.
2.My d________ is to b
答案：1. face to face 2. dream
5.But the Internet has also brought new risks. 但是互联网也带来了新的风险。
【用法讲解】risk为名词，译为“风险、危险性、冒险举动”；risk还可为动词，译为“冒险”。
Eg: He is willing to take a risk to start his own business.
他愿意冒险创办自己的公司。
I wouldn’t risk driving in such bad weather.
我不会冒着这么恶劣的天气开车的。
【常见搭配】 at risk 处于危险中
Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
Risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
Eg: Hundreds of thousands of people are at risk.
有几十万人正处于危险中。
She risked losing her job by speaking out against corruption.
她因公开反对腐败而冒着失业的风险。
They risk their lives to save the drowning child.
他们冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的孩子。
【派生词】 risky为形容词，译为“有危险的、有风险的”。
Eg: Skydiving is a risky sport.
高空跳伞是一项高风险运动。
【即学即用】
1.We have been advised not to risk __________ (travel) in these conditions.
( )2. If you put all your eggs in one basket, you ______ losing everything all at one time.
A.risk B. enjoy C. avoid D. consider
答案：1. travelling 2. A
6.To protect your online accounts, it’s important to use a “strong and long” password.
为了保护你的在线账户，使用“强而长”的密码很重要。
【用法讲解】 protect为动词，译为“保护、防御”。
Eg: We should protect the environment.
我们应该保护环境。
【常见搭配】 protect ... from/ against... 保护...免受...的上海或损害
Protect oneself 自我保护
Eg: Protect your skin from sunlight.
保护你的皮肤免受阳光伤害。
We must protect our data against hackers.
我们必须保护我们的数据免受黑客攻击。
Learn self - defense to protect yourself in danger.
学自卫是为了在危险中保护自己。
【派生词】 protection为名词，译为“保护”；
protective为形容词，译为“防护的”。
Eg: We subscribe to an animal protection society.
我们加入了一个东湖保护协会。
Workers should wear full protective clothing.
工人应该穿着全套防护服。
【即学即用】
1.Wearing sunscreen ___________ (protection) skin from the sun.
答案：protects
7.Remember that behaving badly online has costs. 记住，网上的不良行为是有代价的。
【用法讲解】cost作动词，译为“花费、估价、价格为、需付费”等；cost还可为名词，译为“费用、代价、成本”。
Eg: It must cost a good deal to live here.
住在这里一定要花很多钱的。
The work was costed by the engineer at $50,000.
这项工程据工程师估价为50000美元。
The book cost me 100 yuan.
这本书花了我一百元。
【常见搭配】 at the cost of... 以...为代价
It costs + 金额 + to do sth. 做某事需要花费...
At cost 按成本价
Eg: She got promoted at the cost of her personal time.
她以牺牲个人时间为代价获得晋升。
It costs $20 to enter the museum.
进入博物馆需要花费20美元。
The store sold damaged goods at cost.
商店以成本价出售受损商品。
【知识拓展】 四种花费
(1)花时间做某事
It + takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth.
= 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night.
= I spent an hour finishing my homework last night.
昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。
(2)花钱买某物
人spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物
Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike.
= I spent five hundred yuan on this bike.
= This bike cost me five hundred yuan.
我花500元买这辆自行车。
【即学即用】
( )1. -- What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive.
-- No, they only ______ 10 yuan.
A.spend B. take C. pay D. cost
1.他以健康为代价取得了成功。
He succeeded _____ ______ ______ _____ his health.
答案： 1. D 2. at the cost of
8.You don’t have to face your problems alone! 你不必独自面对问题！
【用法讲解】 alone作形容词时，常作表语；作副词时，常位于动词之后修饰动词。
Eg: He is alone in the room.
他一个人在房间里。
She walks alone in the park.
她独自在公园里散步。
【常见搭配】 leave sb. alone 让某人独处/别打扰某人
Live alone 独居
Eg: Please leave me alone, I need some time to think.
请让我一个人待会儿，我需要点时间思考。
My grandmother likes to live alone in the countryside.
我奶奶喜欢独居在乡下。
【易混辨析】 lonely和alone区别
lonely只作形容词，表示“孤独的、寂寞的”，强调内心的孤独感；
alone常为副词，译为“独自地、单独地”。
Eg: I am alone, but I don’t feel lonely.
我独自一人，但是我不感到孤独。
【即学即用】
( )1. She practiced for the dance competition _______, but she never feels _______.
A.lonely; lonely B. lonely; alone
C. alone; alone D. alone; lonely
答案：D
9.Don’t let unfamiliar people know your full name, phone number.
不要让陌生人知道你的全名、电话号码。
【用法讲解】 unfamiliar为形容词，译为“不熟悉的、陌生的”。
Eg: I felt a bit nervous in the unfamiliar environment.
我在这个陌生的环境中感到有点紧张。
He had to deal with some unfamiliar tasks at work.
他在工作中不得不处理一些不熟悉的任务。
【常见搭配】 be unfamiliar with sth. 对某物不熟悉
Be unfamiliar to sb. 对某人不熟悉
Eg: I’m unfamiliar with this software.
我对这个软件不熟悉。
The concept seemed unfamiliar to the students.
这个概念对学生们来说似乎很陌生。
【派生词】 familiar为形容词，译为“熟悉的、常见的”；
unfamiliarity为名词，译为“不熟悉、陌生”。
Eg: I’m familiar with this book. I’ve read it several times.
我对这本书很熟悉。我已经读了好几次了。
His unfamiliarity with the system caused some problems.
他对这个系统不熟悉，导致了一些问题。
【即学即用】
1.她不熟悉当地的风俗。
She _______ ________ _______ local customs.
2.The symbols on the map were __________ (familiar).
答案：1. was familiar with 2. unfamiliar

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