资源简介 外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 4 Digital life重点短语1. in one's diary:在某人的日记里2. turn the pages:翻书页3. stand still:静止不动4. instead of:代替;而不是5. throw away:扔掉6. be about:关于7. hundreds of:数以百计的;几百8. next to:紧邻;在…… 旁边9. be on:(电器等)开着;处于工作状态10. wait for:等待11. light up:点亮;照亮12. think about:思考;考虑13. in the neighbourhood:在附近;在街区14. in the old days:在过去课文句子详解原文The Fun They Had1 In her diary, on 17 May 2157, Margie wrote: "Today, Tommy found a real book!"2 It was a very old book. They turned the old, yellow pages. It was strange to read the words. They stood still on the pages, instead of moving across a screen.3 "What a waste!" said Tommy. "When you finish the book, you just throw it away, I guess. Our television screen must have a million books on it! I wouldn't throw it away."4 Margie asked, "What's the book about "5 "School."6 "Why would anyone write about school "7 "Because it's an old kind of school, from hundreds of years ago. They had a teacher, but it was a person. There was a special building, and all the kids and teachers went there."8 Margie wanted to read about those funny schools. But her mother called, "Margie! School!"9 Margie's classroom was right next to her bedroom. Her teacher was a machine. It was on and waiting for her. The screen was lit up. The machine said: "Today's lesson is on maths. Please put yesterday's homework in the opening."10 Margie did so sadly. She was thinking about the old schools. All the kids from the neighbourhood came, and laughed and shouted in the playground. They sat together in the classroom, and went home together after school.11 And the teachers were people...12 Margie was thinking about how the students must have loved school in the old days. She was thinking about the fun they had.Adaptation from "The Fun They Had" by Isaac Asimov译文他们曾拥有的快乐1. 在2157年5月17日的日记里,玛吉写道:“今天,汤米发现了一本真正的书!”2. 那是一本非常古老的书。他们翻动着那些泛黄的旧书页。阅读上面的文字感觉很奇怪。那些文字静止在书页上,而不是在屏幕上滚动。3. “真浪费啊!” 汤米说,“我猜你读完这本书后就会把它扔掉。我们的电视屏幕上肯定有上百万本书!我可不会把它扔掉。”4. 玛吉问道:“这本书是关于什么的?”5. “学校。”6. “为什么会有人写关于学校的书呢?”7. “因为那是一种古老的学校,几百年前的。他们有老师,但那是真人。有一座专门的建筑,所有的孩子和老师都去那里。”8. 玛吉想继续读那些有趣的学校的事儿。但她妈妈喊道:“玛吉!该上学了!”9. 玛吉的教室就在她卧室隔壁。她的老师是一台机器。机器开着,正在等她。屏幕亮着。机器说道:“今天的课程是数学。请把昨天的作业放到入口处。”10. 玛吉难过地照做了。她在想着那些老式学校。街区里所有的孩子都来了,在操场上嬉笑叫嚷。他们一起坐在教室里,放学后一起回家。11. 而且老师都是真人……12. 玛吉在想,过去的学生们肯定很喜欢上学。她在想着他们曾拥有的快乐。改编自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《他们曾拥有的快乐》句子详解第一段1. In her diary, on 17 May 2157, Margie wrote: "Today, Tommy found a real book!"句子结构成分:In her diary 和 on 17 May 2157 是时间状语,Margie 是主语,wrote 是谓语,直接引语是宾语。在直接引语中,Today 是时间状语,Tommy 是主语,found 是谓语,a real book 是宾语 。时态:主句一般过去时,直接引语一般过去时 。中考考点:直接引语和间接引语的转换,包括时态、人称等的变化 。短语搭配:in one's diary 在某人的日记里 。例如:She often writes her feelings in her diary.(她经常在日记里写下自己的感受 ) 。第二段1. It was a very old book.句子结构成分:It 是主语,was 是系动词,a very old book 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。2. They turned the old, yellow pages.句子结构成分:They 是主语,turned 是谓语,the old, yellow pages 是宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:turn 常见含义有 “转动;翻转” ,这里 turn the pages 表示 “翻书页” 。短语搭配:turn the pages 翻书页 。3. It was strange to read the words.句子结构成分:It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to read the words ,was 是系动词,strange 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:it 作形式主语的用法,常见结构为 It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. ,如 It's important to learn English.(学英语很重要 ) 。4. They stood still on the pages, instead of moving across a screen.句子结构成分:They 是主语,stood 是谓语,still 是表语,on the pages 是地点状语,instead of moving across a screen 是方式状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:stand still 表示 “静止不动” ;instead of 表示 “代替;而不是” ,后接名词、代词或动名词 ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:stand still 静止不动 ;instead of 代替;而不是 。例如:Please stand still and don't move.(请站着别动 );I will go instead of you.(我将代替你去 ) 。第三段1. "What a waste!" said Tommy.句子结构成分:直接引语是感叹句,正常语序是 “A waste it is!” ,这里省略了主语和谓语 ;主句中 Tommy 是主语,said 是谓语 。时态:直接引语无明确时态(感叹句不强调时态 ),主句一般过去时 。中考考点:感叹句的结构,what 引导的感叹句结构为 What + (a/an )+ 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!(主语和谓语可省略 ) ,如 What a beautiful flower (it is)!(多么漂亮的一朵花啊! ) 。2. "When you finish the book, you just throw it away, I guess. Our television screen must have a million books on it! I wouldn't throw it away."句子结构成分:直接引语中,第一个句子 When you finish the book 是时间状语从句,其中 you 是主语,finish 是谓语,the book 是宾语;主句中 you 是主语,throw 是谓语,it 是宾语,away 是副词作补语,I guess 是插入语 。第二个句子 Our television screen 是主语,must have 是谓语(含情态动词 must ),a million books 是宾语,on it 是地点状语 。第三个句子 I 是主语,wouldn't throw 是谓语(含情态动词 would 的否定形式 ),it 是宾语,away 是副词作补语 。时态:从句一般现在时,第一个主句一般现在时,第二个主句一般现在时(含情态动词 ),第三个主句一般过去时(含情态动词 ) 。中考考点:when 引导时间状语从句 ;finish doing sth. 表示 “完成做某事” ;throw away 表示 “扔掉” ;must 表示推测时,意为 “一定;肯定” ;would 用于表示过去的意愿或习惯性动作 。短语搭配:finish doing sth. 完成做某事 ;throw away 扔掉 。例如:He finished reading the book last night.(他昨晚读完了这本书 );Don't throw away the old clothes.(别扔掉旧衣服 ) 。第四段1. Margie asked, "What's the book about "句子结构成分:Margie 是主语,asked 是谓语,直接引语是宾语。在直接引语中,What 是表语,is 是系动词,the book 是主语,about 是介词 。时态:主句一般过去时,直接引语一般现在时 。中考考点:be about 表示 “关于” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:be about 关于 。例如:The story is about a brave girl.(这个故事是关于一个勇敢的女孩 ) 。第五段1. "School."句子结构成分:这是一个省略句,完整形式可能是 “The book is about school.” ,这里直接用名词作答 。第六段1. "Why would anyone write about school "句子结构成分:Why 是疑问副词作状语,would write 是谓语(含情态动词 would ),anyone 是主语,about school 是状语 。时态:一般过去时(含情态动词 ) 。中考考点:情态动词 would 的用法,可用于表示过去的意愿、请求等 。短语搭配:write about 写关于…… 。例如:He likes to write about his travel experiences.(他喜欢写关于他的旅行经历 ) 。第七段1. "Because it's an old kind of school, from hundreds of years ago. They had a teacher, but it was a person. There was a special building, and all the kids and teachers went there."句子结构成分:第一个句子 Because it's an old kind of school 是原因状语从句,其中 it 是主语,is 是系动词,an old kind of school 是表语,from hundreds of years ago 是后置定语修饰 school 。第二个句子 They 是主语,had 是谓语,a teacher 是宾语,but 是转折连词,it 是主语,was 是系动词,a person 是表语 。第三个句子是 there be 句型,There was 是谓语,a special building 是主语,and 是并列连词,all the kids and teachers 是主语,went 是谓语,there 是地点状语 。时态:第一个句子一般现在时,第二个句子一般过去时,第三个句子一般过去时 。中考考点:hundreds of 表示 “数以百计的;几百” ,是中考常考短语 ;there be 句型表示 “某地有某物/人” ,be 动词的单复数由紧跟其后的名词单复数决定 。短语搭配:hundreds of 数以百计的;几百 。例如:There are hundreds of students in the school.(这所学校有几百名学生 ) 。第八段1. Margie wanted to read about those funny schools. But her mother called, "Margie! School!"句子结构成分:前半句中 Margie 是主语,wanted 是谓语,to read about those funny schools 是动词不定式作宾语 ;But 是转折连词,后半句中 her mother 是主语,called 是谓语,直接引语是宾语 。时态:前半句一般过去时,后半句一般过去时 。中考考点:want to do sth. 表示 “想要做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:want to do sth. 想要做某事 ;read about 阅读关于…… 。例如:I want to read about history.(我想阅读关于历史的内容 ) 。第九段1. Margie's classroom was right next to her bedroom.句子结构成分:Margie's classroom 是主语,was 是系动词,right next to her bedroom 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:next to 表示 “紧邻;在…… 旁边” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:next to 紧邻;在…… 旁边 。例如:The bank is next to the post office.(银行在邮局旁边 ) 。2. Her teacher was a machine.句子结构成分:Her teacher 是主语,was 是系动词,a machine 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。3. It was on and waiting for her.句子结构成分:It 是主语,was 是系动词,on 是表语,waiting for her 是现在分词短语作伴随状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:be on 表示 “(电器等)开着;处于工作状态” ;wait for 表示 “等待” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:be on (电器等)开着;处于工作状态 ;wait for 等待 。例如:The TV is on.(电视开着 );I'm waiting for my friend.(我在等我的朋友 ) 。4. The screen was lit up.句子结构成分:The screen 是主语,was lit up 是谓语(被动语态 ) 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:light up 表示 “点亮;照亮” ,这里用了被动语态 ,在中考中需掌握主动语态变被动语态的规则 。短语搭配:light up 点亮;照亮 。例如:The candles lit up the room.(蜡烛照亮了房间 ) 。5. The machine said: "Today's lesson is on maths. Please put yesterday's homework in the opening."句子结构成分:The machine 是主语,said 是谓语,直接引语是宾语。在直接引语中,第一个句子 Today's lesson 是主语,is 是系动词,on maths 是表语 ;第二个句子是祈使句,省略了主语 you ,put 是谓语,yesterday's homework 是宾语,in the opening 是地点状语 。时态:主句一般过去时,直接引语一般现在时 。中考考点:祈使句的结构,通常以动词原形开头,用于表示命令、请求、建议等 。第十段1. Margie did so sadly. She was thinking about the old schools.句子结构成分:前半句中 Margie 是主语,did 是谓语,so 是宾语,sadly 是状语 ;后半句中 She 是主语,was thinking about 是谓语(过去进行时 ),the old schools 是宾语 。时态:前半句一般过去时,后半句过去进行时 。中考考点:过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 ,结构为 was/were + 现在分词 。短语搭配:think about 思考;考虑 。例如:He is thinking about his future.(他在思考自己的未来 ) 。2. All the kids from the neighbourhood came, and laughed and shouted in the playground. They sat together in the classroom, and went home together after school.句子结构成分:前半句中 All the kids 是主语,from the neighbourhood 是后置定语修饰 kids ,came 是谓语,and 是并列连词,laughed and shouted 是并列谓语,in the playground 是地点状语 ;后半句中 They 是主语,sat 是谓语,together in the classroom 是地点状语,and 是并列连词,went home 是谓语,together after school 是时间状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:in the neighbourhood 表示 “在附近;在街区” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:in the neighbourhood 在附近;在街区 。例如:There is a park in the neighbourhood.(附近有一个公园 ) 。第十一段1. And the teachers were people...句子结构成分:And 是并列连词,the teachers 是主语,were 是系动词,people 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。第十二段1. Margie was thinking about how the students must have loved school in the old days. She was thinking about the fun they had.句子结构成分:前半句中 Margie 是主语,was thinking about 是谓语(过去进行时 ),how the students must have loved school in the old days 是宾语从句,其中 the students 是主语,must have loved 是谓语(对过去情况的推测 ),school 是宾语,in the old days 是时间状语 ;后半句中 She 是主语,was thinking about 是谓语(过去进行时 ),the fun they had 是宾语从句,其中 they 是主语,had 是谓语,the fun 是宾语 。时态:前半句过去进行时,宾语从句中对过去情况的推测用 must have done 结构 ;后半句过去进行时 。中考考点:过去进行时的用法 ;must have done 表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测 。短语搭配:in the old days 在过去 。例如:In the old days, people lived a hard life.(在过去,人们生活艰苦 ) 。外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 4 Digital life重点短语1. feel like:感觉像2. decide to do sth.:决定做某事3. ride a shared bike:骑共享单车4. it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.:做某事花费(某人)多长时间5. cost sb. an arm and a leg:花费某人一大笔钱6. pay with...:用…… 支付7. ask sb. to do sth.:让某人做某事8. try to do sth.:尝试做某事9. tell sb. to do sth.:告诉某人做某事10. make digital payments:进行电子支付11. give up on (doing) sth.:放弃(做)某事12. order... through...:通过…… 订购……13. except for:除…… 之外14. look forward to (doing) sth.:期待(做)某事课文句子详解原文Digital shock1 I've studied in China for a year and now it's the Christmas holiday. I've been back in the UK for three days, but it feels like a century! It's amazing to see my family. Also, I really love Christmas and the delicious food. However, I've had some digital problems here.2 Today, I wanted to get some vegetables and meat from a shop. I decided to ride a shared bike to get there. But it took forever to find a bike! I finally found an old one. But that 15 - minute ride cost me an arm and a leg – more than five pounds!3 In the shop, I quickly got everything I needed. I wanted to pay with my smartphone. I asked the shopkeeper to show the QR code, but she didn't understand! Next, I tried to use my digital wallet, but the shop's payment system didn't work. The shopkeeper told me to use cash. As I always make digital payments in China, I never carry my wallet. I had to go home to get some cash.4 When I got home, I was so tired that I gave up on cooking. I ordered my favourite dishes through an app instead, but the delivery was really slow. When my dishes finally arrived 90 minutes later, they were stone cold! By then, I felt tired and hungry.5 Except for today, I've had a great holiday. However, I'm looking forward to going back to China. The technology there lets me live a more convenient life!译文数字化带来的冲击1. 我在中国学习了一年,现在正值圣诞假期。我回到英国已经三天了,但感觉像是过了一个世纪!见到家人真是太棒了。而且,我真的很喜欢圣诞节和那些美味的食物。然而,在这儿我遇到了一些与数字化相关的问题。 2. 今天,我想去商店买点蔬菜和肉。我决定骑共享单车去。但找一辆自行车花了好久!最后我找到了一辆旧的。可那15分钟的骑行花了我一大笔钱—— 超过5英镑!3. 在商店里,我很快就选好了所有需要的东西。我想用手机付款。我让店主出示二维码,但她不明白我的意思!接着,我试着用电子钱包付款,但商店的支付系统无法使用。店主让我用现金支付。因为我在中国一直用电子支付,所以从不带钱包。我只好回家去取现金。4. 到家时,我累得都不想做饭了。于是我通过手机应用点了我最喜欢的菜,但配送速度实在太慢。90分钟后,我的菜终于到了,可却凉透了!那时,我又累又饿。5. 除了今天,我的假期过得很愉快。不过,我盼望着回到中国。那里的科技让我的生活更加便捷!句子详解第一段1. I've studied in China for a year and now it's the Christmas holiday.句子结构成分:前半句中 I 是主语,have studied 是谓语(现在完成时 ),in China 是地点状语,for a year 是时间状语;后半句中 it 是主语,is 是系动词,the Christmas holiday 是表语 。时态:前半句现在完成时,后半句一般现在时 。中考考点:现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ,常与 for + 时间段 、since + 时间点 等时间状语连用 。2. I've been back in the UK for three days, but it feels like a century!句子结构成分:前半句中 I 是主语,have been back 是谓语(现在完成时 ),in the UK 是地点状语,for three days 是时间状语;but 是转折连词,后半句中 it 是主语,feels like 是谓语,a century 是宾语 。时态:前半句现在完成时,后半句一般现在时 。中考考点:feel like 表示 “感觉像” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:feel like 感觉像 。例如:It feels like rain.(感觉要下雨了 ) 。3. It's amazing to see my family.句子结构成分:It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to see my family ,is 是系动词,amazing 是表语 。时态:一般现在时 。中考考点:it 作形式主语的用法,常见结构为 It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. ,如 It's important to learn English.(学英语很重要 ) 。4. Also, I really love Christmas and the delicious food.句子结构成分:Also 是副词作状语,I 是主语,love 是谓语,Christmas and the delicious food 是宾语 。时态:一般现在时 。5. However, I've had some digital problems here.句子结构成分:However 是副词作状语,I 是主语,have had 是谓语(现在完成时 ),some digital problems 是宾语,here 是地点状语 。时态:现在完成时 。第二段1. Today, I wanted to get some vegetables and meat from a shop.句子结构成分:Today 是时间状语,I 是主语,wanted 是谓语,to get some vegetables and meat from a shop 是动词不定式作宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:want to do sth. 表示 “想要做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:want to do sth. 想要做某事 。例如:I want to buy a new book.(我想买一本新书 ) 。2. I decided to ride a shared bike to get there.句子结构成分:I 是主语,decided 是谓语,to ride a shared bike to get there 是动词不定式作宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:decide to do sth. 表示 “决定做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:decide to do sth. 决定做某事 ;ride a shared bike 骑共享单车 。例如:She decided to go to the park.(她决定去公园 ) 。3. But it took forever to find a bike!句子结构成分:But 是转折连词,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to find a bike ,took 是谓语,forever 是时间状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 表示 “做某事花费(某人)多长时间” ,是中考常考句型 。短语搭配:it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间 。例如:It takes me an hour to do my homework.(我花一个小时做作业 ) 。4. I finally found an old one.句子结构成分:I 是主语,found 是谓语,an old one 是宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。5. But that 15 - minute ride cost me an arm and a leg – more than five pounds!句子结构成分:But 是转折连词,that 15 - minute ride 是主语,cost 是谓语,me 是间接宾语,an arm and a leg 是直接宾语 ,破折号后面 more than five pounds 是对 an arm and a leg 的解释说明 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:cost sb. an arm and a leg 表示 “花费某人一大笔钱” ,是中考常考短语 ;cost 的用法,主语通常是物 ,表示 “花费(多少钱 )” 。短语搭配:cost sb. an arm and a leg 花费某人一大笔钱 。例如:The new car cost him an arm and a leg.(这辆新车花了他一大笔钱 ) 。第三段1. In the shop, I quickly got everything I needed.句子结构成分:In the shop 是地点状语,I 是主语,got 是谓语,everything 是宾语,I needed 是定语从句,修饰 everything ,关系词 that 省略 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:当先行词是不定代词(如 everything 、nothing 、something 等 )时,定语从句关系词常用 that ,且作宾语时可省略 。2. I wanted to pay with my smartphone.句子结构成分:I 是主语,wanted 是谓语,to pay with my smartphone 是动词不定式作宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:pay with... 表示 “用…… 支付” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:pay with... 用…… 支付 。例如:You can pay with your credit card.(你可以用信用卡支付 ) 。3. I asked the shopkeeper to show the QR code, but she didn't understand!句子结构成分:I 是主语,asked 是谓语,the shopkeeper 是宾语,to show the QR code 是动词不定式作宾语补足语;but 是转折连词,后半句中 she 是主语,didn't understand 是谓语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:ask sb. to do sth. 表示 “让某人做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 。例如:He asked me to help him.(他让我帮他 ) 。4. Next, I tried to use my digital wallet, but the shop's payment system didn't work.句子结构成分:Next 是副词作状语,I 是主语,tried 是谓语,to use my digital wallet 是动词不定式作宾语;but 是转折连词,后半句中 the shop's payment system 是主语,didn't work 是谓语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:try to do sth. 表示 “尝试做某事” ,与 try doing sth.(尝试做某事,含有试一试某种方法的意思 )用法不同 ,是中考常考内容 。短语搭配:try to do sth. 尝试做某事 。例如:We should try to solve this problem.(我们应该尝试解决这个问题 ) 。5. The shopkeeper told me to use cash.句子结构成分:The shopkeeper 是主语,told 是谓语,me 是宾语,to use cash 是动词不定式作宾语补足语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:tell sb. to do sth. 表示 “告诉某人做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 。例如:My mother tells me to get up early.(我妈妈告诉我要早起 ) 。6. As I always make digital payments in China, I never carry my wallet.句子结构成分:As I always make digital payments in China 是原因状语从句,其中 I 是主语,make 是谓语,digital payments 是宾语,in China 是地点状语;主句中 I 是主语,carry 是谓语,my wallet 是宾语 。时态:从句一般现在时,主句一般现在时 。中考考点:as 引导原因状语从句,意为 “因为;由于” ;make digital payments 表示 “进行电子支付” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:as 引导原因状语从句 ;make digital payments 进行电子支付 。例如:As it is raining, we stay at home.(因为下雨,我们待在家里 ) 。7. I had to go home to get some cash.句子结构成分:I 是主语,had to go 是谓语,home 是地点状语,to get some cash 是动词不定式作目的状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:have to 表示 “不得不;必须” ,其过去式是 had to ,后接动词原形 。短语搭配:have to 不得不;必须 。例如:I have to finish my homework today.(我今天必须完成作业 ) 。第四段1. When I got home, I was so tired that I gave up on cooking.句子结构成分:When I got home 是时间状语从句,其中 I 是主语,got 是谓语,home 是地点状语;主句中 I 是主语,was 是系动词,so tired 是表语,that I gave up on cooking 是结果状语从句,其中 I 是主语,gave up on 是谓语,cooking 是宾语 。时态:从句一般过去时,主句一般过去时 。中考考点:when 引导时间状语从句 ;so... that... 引导结果状语从句,so 后面接形容词或副词 ,表示 “如此…… 以至于……” ;give up on (doing) sth. 表示 “放弃(做)某事” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:when 引导时间状语从句 ;so... that... 如此…… 以至于…… ;give up on (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事 。例如:When I got to school, it began to rain.(当我到学校时,开始下雨了 );He is so lazy that he fails the exam.(他太懒了以至于考试不及格 );Don't give up on your dream.(不要放弃你的梦想 ) 。2. I ordered my favourite dishes through an app instead, but the delivery was really slow.句子结构成分:I 是主语,ordered 是谓语,my favourite dishes 是宾语,through an app 是方式状语,instead 是副词作状语;but 是转折连词,后半句中 the delivery 是主语,was 是系动词,really slow 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:order... through... 表示 “通过…… 订购……” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:order... through... 通过…… 订购…… 。例如:We can order food through the Internet.(我们可以通过互联网订餐 ) 。3. When my dishes finally arrived 90 minutes later, they were stone cold!句子结构成分:When my dishes finally arrived 90 minutes later 是时间状语从句,其中 my dishes 是主语,arrived 是谓语,90 minutes later 是时间状语;主句中 they 是主语,were 是系动词,stone cold 是表语 。时态:从句一般过去时,主句一般过去时 。中考考点:when 引导时间状语从句 。4. By then, I felt tired and hungry.句子结构成分:By then 是时间状语,I 是主语,felt 是谓语,tired and hungry 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。第五段1. Except for today, I've had a great holiday.句子结构成分:Except for today 是介词短语作状语,I 是主语,have had 是谓语(现在完成时 ),a great holiday 是宾语 。时态:现在完成时 。中考考点:except for 表示 “除…… 之外” ,用于引出使句子意思更准确的细节 ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:except for 除…… 之外 。例如:The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.(这篇作文除了一些拼写错误之外很好 ) 。2. However, I'm looking forward to going back to China.句子结构成分:However 是副词作状语,I 是主语,am looking forward to 是谓语(现在进行时 ),going back to China 是动名词短语作宾语 。时态:现在进行时 。中考考点:look forward to (doing) sth. 表示 “期待(做)某事” ,其中 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词 ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:look forward to (doing) sth. 期待(做)某事 。例如:I'm looking forward to seeing you.(我期待着见到你 ) 。3. The technology there lets me live a more convenient life!句子结构成分:The technology 是主语,there 是地点状语,lets 是谓语,me 是宾语,live a more convenient life 是省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 。时态:一般现在时 。中考考点:let sb. do sth. 表示 “让某人做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 。例如:My parents let me play football on weekends.(我父母让我在周末踢足球 ) 。外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 5 Play by the rules重点短语1. think...back:回想2. face to face:面对面地3. loved ones:亲人;心爱的人4. far away:遥远;在远处5. a piece of cake:小菜一碟;轻而易举的事6. netizens:网民(也可视为短语,等同于 internet citizens )7. that is:即;也就是说8. get in touch with:与…… 取得联系9. with just one click:只需轻点一下10. keep...private:保护…… 的隐私11. post...online:在网上发布……12. personal information:个人信息13. have to:不得不;必须14. be password smart:巧妙设置密码15. protect...from/against...:保护…… 免受……16. be easy to do sth.:容易做某事17. be aware of:意识到;警惕18. in real life:在现实生活中19. spend time (in) doing sth.:花费时间做某事20. be careful with:小心;谨慎对待21. social media:社交媒体22. make enemies:树敌23. behave badly:行为不端24. in hot water:陷入困境25. turn to...for help:向…… 求助课文句子详解原文Are you safe online Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. Nowadays, the internet has made it a piece of cake! There are so many netizens, that is, citizens on the internet! We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. But the internet has also brought new risks. Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.1 Keep personal information private.Avoid posting personal information online. This includes your full name, address, phone number and school. Sometimes you may have to post this information. However, limit who sees it. Only people you know should see your information.2 Be password smart!To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a "strong and long" password. Don't use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday. Change it often and don't be careless.3 Be aware of strangers.Never meet online strangers in real life. They may cheat you. Only spend time online with trusted friends.4 Be careful with your posts.Who reads our social media posts We never know. Think carefully before posting something online. Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies. Remember that behaving badly online has costs.5 Ask for help.People sometimes say bad things to other people online. This is cyberbullying. If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages. Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help. You don't have to face your problems alone!译文你在网上安全吗?回想20年前,与远方的亲人面对面聊天还是个梦想。如今,互联网让这变得易如反掌!网民数量众多,也就是互联网上的用户!只需轻点一下,我们就能与任何人取得联系。但互联网也带来了新的风险。以下是保障你网络安全需了解的基本规则。1. 保护个人信息隐私避免在网上发布个人信息。这包括你的全名、地址、电话号码和就读学校。有时你可能不得不发布这些信息。不过,要限制信息的可见人群。只有你认识的人才能看到你的信息。2. 巧妙设置密码为保护你的网络账户,使用 “强度高且位数长” 的密码至关重要。不要用像生日这类容易猜到的词。要经常更换密码,且切勿粗心大意。3. 警惕陌生人绝不要在现实生活中与网上认识的陌生人见面。他们可能会欺骗你。只在网上与可信赖的朋友交流互动。4. 谨慎发布内容谁会看我们在社交媒体上发布的内容呢?我们无从知晓。在网上发布内容前要仔细考虑。言语有时会伤人,还可能让你树敌。要记住,在网上的不良行为是有代价的。5. 寻求帮助人们有时会在网上对他人恶语相向。这就是网络霸凌。如果你陷入困境,不要回复任何恶意信息。而是要向父母、老师或其他可信赖的成年人求助。你不必独自面对问题!句子详解标题Are you safe online 结构:一般疑问句,主语是“you”,系动词“are”提前,表语“safe”,状语“online”(在网上)修饰形容词“safe”。翻译:你在网上安全吗?中考考点:一般疑问句的构成:系动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 其他?“online”作副词的用法(类似“at home”“outside”)。正文首段1. Think 20 years back when chatting face-to-face with loved ones far away was a dream.结构:主句:祈使句(省略主语“you”),谓语“Think”,宾语“20 years back”。时间状语从句:“when chatting...was a dream”,其中“chatting face-to-face with loved ones far away”是动名词短语作主语(动名词作主语时,谓语用单数),“was”是系动词,“a dream”是表语。时态:主句祈使句(无时态),从句一般过去时(“was”)。短语搭配:think...back:回想(例:Think back to your childhood. 回想你的童年。)face-to-face:面对面地(副词短语,例:We talked face-to-face. 我们面对面交谈。)loved ones:亲人(固定搭配,= family members)遥远(例:My school is far away. 我的学校很远。)中考考点:动名词作主语(必考):如“Reading is fun.”祈使句的结构:动词原形开头,表命令/建议/请求。2. Nowadays, the internet has made it a piece of cake!结构:主语“the internet”,谓语“has made”(现在完成时),形式宾语“it”,真正宾语是“to chat face-to-face...”(省略,用“a piece of cake”替代),宾语补足语“a piece of cake”。时态:现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词),强调互联网对现在的影响。短语搭配:a piece of cake:小菜一碟(固定习语,= very easy)中考考点:现在完成时的标志词:already, yet, ever, never, just, for + 时间段, since + 时间点。make + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/名词):如“make me happy”“make it a rule”。3. There are so many netizens, that is, citizens on the internet!结构:There be句型:“There are”(复数),主语“netizens”,定语“so many”修饰主语。“that is”(即)作插入语,解释“netizens”=“citizens on the internet”。时态:一般现在时(客观事实)。短语搭配:so many + 可数名词复数:如此多的(例:so many books)that is:也就是说(= i.e.,用于解释说明)中考考点:There be句型的主谓一致:就近原则(例:There is a book and two pens.)插入语的作用:不影响句子主干,用逗号隔开。4. We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.结构:主语“We”,情态动词“can”+ 谓语“get in touch with”,宾语“anyone”,方式状语“with just one click”(只需点击一下)。时态:一般现在时(含情态动词)。短语搭配:get in touch with sb.:与某人取得联系(例:I get in touch with my friends by phone.)with just one click:一键(强调便捷性)中考考点:情态动词can的用法:表能力(= be able to),后接动词原形。5. But the internet has also brought new risks.结构:主语“the internet”,谓语“has brought”(现在完成时),宾语“new risks”。时态:现在完成时(强调互联网带来的影响持续到现在)。中考考点:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时:过去动作对现在的影响(例:I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。)一般过去时:单纯过去动作(例:I saw the film yesterday.)6. Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.结构:倒装句(Here + be + 主语),正常语序:“The basic rules...are here”。定语从句:“you need to know”修饰“rules”(引导词that/which省略,因作宾语),不定式“to stay safe online”作目的状语。时态:一般现在时。短语搭配:stay safe:保持安全(= keep safe,例:Stay safe on the road.)中考考点:倒装句:Here/There + be + 主语(例:Here is your book.)定语从句:当先行词是物且作宾语时,引导词可省略。规则1:Keep personal information private.1. Avoid posting personal information online.结构:祈使句(省略主语“you”),谓语“Avoid”,宾语“posting personal information online”(动名词短语)。短语搭配:avoid doing sth.:避免做某事(例:Avoid running in the hall.)post...online:在网上发布(例:Don’t post your address online.)中考考点:只能接动名词作宾语的动词(避免错过少延期):avoid, miss, suggest, practice, mind, keep, consider...2. This includes your full name, address, phone number and school.结构:主语“This”,谓语“includes”(第三人称单数),宾语并列名词短语。中考考点:一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it/this/that),谓语加-s/es。3. Sometimes you may have to post this information.结构:主语“you”,情态动词“may”+ 谓语“have to post”,宾语“this information”。短语搭配:have to do sth.:不得不做某事(客观要求,例:I have to go to school today.)中考考点:情态动词may表“可能”(例:It may rain tomorrow.)4. However, limit who sees it.结构:祈使句,谓语“limit”,宾语“who sees it”(宾语从句,语序为陈述句:who + 主语 + 谓语)。中考考点:宾语从句的语序:无论疑问句/陈述句,宾语从句都用陈述句语序。错:I don’t know who is he.对:I don’t know who he is.5. Only people you know should see your information.结构:主语“people”,定语从句“you know”(省略引导词who/that),情态动词“should”+ 谓语“see”,宾语“your information”。短语搭配:should do sth.:应该做某事(表建议,例:You should study hard.)规则2:Be password smart!1. To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a "strong and long" password.结构:目的状语“To protect...”,形式主语“it”,谓语“is important”,真正主语“to use a...password”。短语搭配:protect...from/against...:保护...免受...(例:Sunglasses protect eyes from the sun.)中考考点:It is + 形容词 + to do sth.(必考句型):例:It is easy to learn English.不定式作目的状语(= in order to do)。2. Don't use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday.结构:祈使句否定式,谓语“Don’t use”,宾语“words”,定语从句“that are easy to guess”(that作主语,不可省略)。短语搭配:be easy to do sth.:容易做某事(例:The question is easy to answer.)中考考点:定语从句引导词that的用法:先行词是物/人,在从句中作主语/宾语。3. Change it often and don't be careless.结构:并列祈使句,“Change it often”和“Don’t be careless”。中考考点:祈使句的否定:Don’t + 动词原形。规则3:Be aware of strangers.1. Never meet online strangers in real life.结构:祈使句,谓语“Never meet”,宾语“online strangers”,地点状语“in real life”。短语搭配:in real life:在现实生活中(例:He is a hero in real life.)中考考点:never表“绝不”,加强祈使句语气。2. They may cheat you.结构:主语“They”,情态动词“may”+ 谓语“cheat”,宾语“you”。中考考点:cheat作动词“欺骗”(例:Don’t cheat in exams.)3. Only spend time online with trusted friends.结构:祈使句,谓语“spend”,宾语“time”,状语“online”和“with trusted friends”。短语搭配:spend time (in) doing sth.:花费时间做某事(in可省略,例:I spend an hour (in) reading.)中考考点:spend的用法(主语是人):spend money on sth. 花钱买某物spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事规则4:Be careful with your posts.1. Who reads our social media posts 结构:特殊疑问句,疑问词“Who”作主语(视为第三人称单数),谓语“reads”,宾语“posts”。短语搭配:be careful with sth.:小心某物(例:Be careful with the glass.)中考考点:特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词 + 谓语 + 宾语?(当疑问词是主语时,直接接谓语)2. Think carefully before posting something online.结构:祈使句,谓语“Think”,状语“carefully”和“before posting...”(动名词作before的宾语)。中考考点:介词后接动名词(before/after/for/about...):例:After finishing homework, I watch TV.3. Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.结构:并列句,前句“Words hurt people”,后句“you can make enemies”。短语搭配:make enemies:树敌(反义:make friends)中考考点:hurt作动词“伤害”(例:Don’t hurt animals.)4. Remember that behaving badly online has costs.结构:主句“Remember”,宾语从句“that behaving...has costs”,其中“behaving badly online”是动名词短语作主语,“has”是谓语,“costs”是宾语。短语搭配:behave badly:行为不端(反义:behave well)中考考点:动名词作主语时,谓语用单数(如“Playing sports is good for health.”)规则5:Ask for help.1. People sometimes say bad things to other people online.结构:主语“People”,谓语“say”,宾语“bad things”,状语“to other people online”(say sth. to sb. 对某人说某事)。中考考点:say/tell/speak/talk的区别:say sth. to sb.tell sb. sth.speak + 语言talk to/with sb.2. If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages.结构:条件状语从句“If you find...”,主语“you”,谓语“find”,宾语“yourself”,宾补“in hot water”(陷入困境)。主句祈使句“Don’t answer...”。时态:从句一般现在时,主句祈使句(符合“主将从现”原则)。中考考点:if引导的条件状语从句,主句可用祈使句/一般将来时/情态动词句。find + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/介词短语):例:I find the book interesting.3. Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.结构:祈使句,谓语“turn to”,宾语“parents...adults”,目的状语“for help”。短语搭配:turn to sb. for help:向某人求助(例:Turn to your teacher for help when in trouble.)中考考点:instead与instead of的区别:instead(副词):单独使用,放句首/句末(例:He didn’t study. Instead, he played games.)instead of(介词短语):后接名词/动名词(例:He played games instead of studying.)4. You don't have to face your problems alone!结构:主语“You”,否定谓语“don’t have to face”,宾语“problems”,状语“alone”。短语搭配:have to:不得不(否定:don’t have to = needn’t 不必)中考考点:alone与lonely的区别:alone(副词/形容词):独自(客观),例:live alonelonely(形容词):孤独的(主观),例:feel lonely外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 5 Play by the rules重点短语1. after a busy day at work:在忙碌了一天的工作之后2. get on:登上;上(车、船等)3. in order to:为了4. sit down:坐下5. take out:拿出;取出6. opposite sb.:在某人对面7. play music:播放音乐8. jump up:跳起来9. in surprise:惊讶地10. a minute later:一分钟后11. next to:紧邻;在…… 旁边12. take out:拿出;取出 (再次出现 )13. several packets of:几包14. be on a picnic:在野餐15. have to:不得不;必须16. in order to / so as to:为了 (二者都可表目的 ,so as to 一般不置于句首 )17. block the noise:隔绝噪音18. reduce the smell:减轻气味19. look after:照顾;照管20. take a deep breath:深吸一口气21. stand up:站起来课文句子详解原文Rules1 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book.2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise.3 A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese.4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.5 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, "Come on, he's just a kid."6 I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces. They also seemed unhappy; but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something I looked at the signs on the wall. They read "Please be quiet", "No smelly food" and "Please look after your children". Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow!7 Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up...译文规则1. 忙碌了一天后,我登上回家的火车。为了能看书,我去了一个安静的区域。我坐下,拿出书。2. 突然,坐在我对面的女孩开始用手机大声放音乐。真让人震惊!我惊得差点跳起来。3. 一分钟后,坐在我旁边的男子拿出几包食物。就好像他在野餐一样。当然,人得吃饭,可这食物味道太难闻了!就像是坐在一座蓝纹奶酪山旁边。4. 我捂住耳朵,想要隔绝 “摇滚女孩” 传来的噪音。我捂住鼻子,为了减轻 “臭食先生” 散发的气味。5. 接着,我后面的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。我越来越生气,脸涨得通红!我让他停下来。然而,他妈妈却回应道:“得了吧,他只是个孩子。”6. 我转过身,想看看其他乘客的表情。他们似乎也不高兴,但没人采取任何行动。要是我做点什么,他们会觉得我是个傻瓜吗?我看着墙上的标识。上面写着 “请保持安静”“请勿携带异味食物”“请照看好您的孩子” 。我想,每个人都知道这些规则。它们不只是写在墙上,也应该存在于我们的脑海和心中。规则就是要我们去遵守的!7. 突然,我鼓起了勇气。我深吸一口气,站了起来……句子详解第一段1. After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home.句子结构成分:After a busy day at work 是时间状语,I 是主语,got on 是谓语,the train 是宾语,to go home 是目的状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:get on 表示 “登上;上(车、船等)” ,是中考常考短语 ;in order to / to 引导目的状语 。短语搭配:after a busy day at work 在忙碌了一天的工作之后 ;get on 登上;上(车、船等) 。例如:We got on the bus quickly.(我们快速上了公交车 ) 。2. I went to a quiet area in order to read.句子结构成分:I 是主语,went to 是谓语,a quiet area 是宾语,in order to read 是目的状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:in order to 表示 “为了” ,引导目的状语,后接动词原形 ,同义短语有 so as to (一般不置于句首 ) 、to 。短语搭配:in order to 为了 。例如:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车 ) 。3. I sat down and took out my book.句子结构成分:I 是主语,sat down 和 took out 是并列谓语,my book 是 took out 的宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:sit down 表示 “坐下” ;take out 表示 “拿出;取出” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:sit down 坐下 ;take out 拿出;取出 。例如:Sit down, please.(请坐 );He took out a pen from his bag.(他从包里拿出一支笔 ) 。第二段1. Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.句子结构成分:Suddenly 是副词作状语,a girl 是主语,opposite me 是后置定语修饰 a girl ,started 是谓语,playing loud music on her phone 是动名词短语作宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:start doing sth. 表示 “开始做某事” ,强调开始一项长期或习惯性的活动 ;opposite sb. 表示 “在某人对面” 。短语搭配:opposite sb. 在某人对面 ;start doing sth. 开始做某事 ;play music 播放音乐 。例如:The shop is opposite the bank.(这家商店在银行对面 );She started playing the piano at the age of five.(她五岁开始弹钢琴 ) 。2. What a shock!句子结构成分:这是一个感叹句,正常语序是 “A shock it is!” ,这里省略了主语和谓语 。中考考点:感叹句的结构,what 引导的感叹句结构为 What + (a/an )+ 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!(主语和谓语可省略 ) ,如 What a beautiful flower (it is)!(多么漂亮的一朵花啊! ) 。3. I almost jumped up in surprise.句子结构成分:I 是主语,almost 是副词作状语,jumped up 是谓语,in surprise 是状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:jump up 表示 “跳起来” ;in surprise 表示 “惊讶地” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:jump up 跳起来 ;in surprise 惊讶地 。例如:The children jumped up with joy.(孩子们高兴得跳了起来 );He looked at me in surprise.(他惊讶地看着我 ) 。第三段1. A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food.句子结构成分:A minute later 是时间状语,the man 是主语,next to me 是后置定语修饰 the man ,took out 是谓语,several packets of food 是宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:next to 表示 “紧邻;在…… 旁边” ;take out 表示 “拿出;取出” ;several packets of 表示 “几包” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:a minute later 一分钟后 ;next to 紧邻;在…… 旁边 ;take out 拿出;取出 ;several packets of 几包 。例如:The boy next to me is my brother.(在我旁边的男孩是我弟弟 );He took out several packets of snacks.(他拿出几包零食 ) 。2. It was like he was on a picnic.句子结构成分:It 是主语,was like 是谓语,he was on a picnic 是表语从句 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:be on a picnic 表示 “在野餐” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:be on a picnic 在野餐 。例如:They are on a picnic in the park.(他们在公园里野餐 ) 。3. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly!句子结构成分:People 是主语,have to eat 是谓语,of course 是插入语,but 是转折连词,the food 是主语,was 是系动词,so smelly 是表语 。时态:一般现在时(前半句 ),一般过去时(后半句 ) 。中考考点:have to 表示 “不得不;必须” ,后接动词原形 ,其过去式是 had to ;smelly 是形容词,意为 “有臭味的” 。短语搭配:have to 不得不;必须 。例如:We have to finish the work today.(我们今天必须完成这项工作 ) 。4. It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese.句子结构成分:It 是主语,was like 是谓语,sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese 是动名词短语作表语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:be like 表示 “像” ;a mountain of 表示 “大量的;堆积如山的” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:be like 像 ;a mountain of 大量的;堆积如山的 。例如:The problem is like a mountain of difficulties.(这个问题就像一堆难题 ) 。第四段1. I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.句子结构成分:I 是主语,covered 是谓语,my ears 是宾语,in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl 是目的状语 ,其中 coming from Rock Girl 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 the noise 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:in order to 引导目的状语 ;block the noise 表示 “隔绝噪音” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:in order to 为了 ;block the noise 隔绝噪音 。例如:We wear earplugs in order to block the noise.(我们戴耳塞是为了隔绝噪音 ) 。2. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.句子结构成分:I 是主语,covered 是谓语,my nose 是宾语,so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food 是目的状语 ,其中 coming from Mr Smelly Food 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 the smell 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:so as to 引导目的状语,后接动词原形 ,意为 “为了” ;reduce the smell 表示 “减轻气味” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:so as to 为了 ;reduce the smell 减轻气味 。例如:Open the window so as to reduce the smell in the room.(打开窗户以减轻房间里的气味 ) 。第五段1. Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.句子结构成分:Then 是副词作状语,a boy 是主语,behind me 是后置定语修饰 a boy ,started 是谓语,to kick my seat 是动词不定式作宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:start to do sth. 表示 “开始做某事” ,强调开始一个具体的动作 ;behind sb. 表示 “在某人后面” 。短语搭配:behind sb. 在某人后面 ;start to do sth. 开始做某事 。例如:The boy behind me is my classmate.(在我后面的男孩是我的同学 );He started to read the book.(他开始读这本书 ) 。2. My anger grew.句子结构成分:My anger 是主语,grew 是谓语 。时态:一般过去时 。3. My face turned as red as a tomato!句子结构成分:My face 是主语,turned 是谓语,as red as a tomato 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:as... as 表示 “和…… 一样” ,中间用形容词或副词原级 ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:as... as 和…… 一样 。例如:He is as tall as his father.(他和他父亲一样高 ) 。4. I asked him to stop.句子结构成分:I 是主语,asked 是谓语,him 是宾语,to stop 是动词不定式作宾语补足语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:ask sb. to do sth. 表示 “要求某人做某事” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 。例如:The teacher asks us to clean the classroom.(老师要求我们打扫教室 ) 。5. However, his mother replied, "Come on, he's just a kid."句子结构成分:However 是副词作状语,his mother 是主语,replied 是谓语,直接引语是宾语 。时态:主句一般过去时,直接引语一般现在时 。中考考点:come on 常见含义有 “来吧;加油;得了吧” ,这里表示 “得了吧” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:come on 来吧;加油;得了吧 。例如:Come on, let's go!(来吧,我们走吧! ) 。第六段1. I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces.句子结构成分:I 是主语,turned around 是谓语,so as to see the other passengers' faces 是目的状语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:turn around 表示 “转身” ;so as to 引导目的状语 ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:turn around 转身 ;so as to 为了 。例如:He turned around and looked at me.(他转过身看着我 ) 。2. They also seemed unhappy; but no one did anything.句子结构成分:They 是主语,seemed 是谓语,unhappy 是表语;but 是转折连词,no one 是主语,did 是谓语,anything 是宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:seem + 形容词 ,表示 “看起来……” ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:seem + 形容词 看起来…… 。例如:He seems happy today.(他今天看起来很高兴 ) 。3. Will they think me a fool if I do something 句子结构成分:这是一个含有条件状语从句的一般疑问句,主句中 they 是主语,will think 是谓语,me 是宾语,a fool 是宾语补足语;if I do something 是条件状语从句,其中 I 是主语,do 是谓语,something 是宾语 。时态:主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时 。中考考点:if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则 ,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时 。4. I looked at the signs on the wall.句子结构成分:I 是主语,looked at 是谓语,the signs 是宾语,on the wall 是后置定语修饰 the signs 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:look at 表示 “看;看着” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:look at 看;看着 。例如:Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板 ) 。5. They read "Please be quiet", "No smelly food" and "Please look after your children".句子结构成分:They 是主语,read 是谓语,后面的内容是宾语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:read 在这里表示 “写着;显示” ;look after 表示 “照顾;照管” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:look after 照顾;照管 。例如:We should look after our parents when they are old.(父母年老时我们应该照顾他们 ) 。6. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow!句子结构成分:第一个句子中 Everyone 是主语,knows 是谓语,the rules 是宾语,I thought 是插入语;第二个句子中 They 是主语,aren't 是系动词否定形式,just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts 是表语;第三个句子中 rules 是主语,are 是系动词,there for us to follow 是表语 。时态:一般现在时 。中考考点:not just... but also... 表示 “不仅…… 而且……” ,连接并列成分 ,是中考常考结构 。短语搭配:not just... but also... 不仅…… 而且…… 。例如:He is not just a good student but also a good friend.(他不仅是个好学生,还是个好朋友 ) 。第七段1. Suddenly, I felt brave.句子结构成分:Suddenly 是副词作状语,I 是主语,felt 是谓语,brave 是表语 。时态:一般过去时 。2. I took a deep breath and stood up...句子结构成分:I 是主语,took a deep breath 和 stood up 是并列谓语 。时态:一般过去时 。中考考点:take a deep breath 表示 “深吸一口气” ;stand up 表示 “站起来” ,是中考常考短语 。短语搭配:take a deep breath 深吸一口气 ;stand up 站起来 。例如:Before the exam, he took a deep breath to calm himself down.(考试前,他深吸一口气让自己冷静下来 );Stand up, please.(请站起来 ) 。外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 6 When disaster strikes重点短语1. during...week :在…… 周期间2. draw one's attention :吸引某人的注意力3. lose sth. in... :在…… 中失去某物4. used to be :过去曾经是5. be in...team :是…… 队的成员6. break one's dream :打破某人的梦想7. live with :忍受;与…… 一起生活8. hide...under... :把…… 藏在…… 下面9. with the support of :在…… 的支持下e out from :从…… 走出来11. right before :就在…… 之前12. decide to do sth. :决定做某事13. to one's surprise :令某人惊讶的是14. lots of :许多;大量15. finish doing sth. :完成做某事16. share sth. on... :在…… 上分享某物17. listen to :听18. encourage sb. to do sth. :鼓励某人做某事19. look forward :向前看;展望未来20. carry the torch :担任火炬手21. a great honour for sb. :对某人来说是莫大的荣幸22. a good chance to do sth. :做某事的好机会23. bring a lot of... :带来许多……24. face...with... :用…… 面对……25. above all :最重要的是课文句子详解原文Iron Girl1 During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone's attention. Her name was Niu Yu. She lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. She was only 11 years old then.2 Niu Yu used to be in the school sports team. She loved running. But the disaster broke her dream. She had to live with an artificial leg. It wasn't comfortable, and her leg often bled. People's curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. She always tried to hide her leg under jeans or dresses.3 With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows. In 2018, right before her 21st birthday, she decided to stop hiding her leg. To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging words. She also finished a half marathon in about 4 hours. She completed the hard 10 - year journey of finding herself again.4 Now Niu Yu shares her story on social media. She listens to disaster survivors and encourages them to look forward. In 2023, she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games. "It is a great honour for me," she said. "But it is also a good chance to show people the power of being brave."5 A disaster can bring a lot of pain. But we should always face it with courage. As the writer Nora Ephron once said: "Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim."译文铁腿女孩1. 在2021年上海时装周期间,一位年轻、苗条且自信的铁腿女子吸引了众人的目光。她叫牛钰。2008年汶川地震中,她失去了右腿。那时她年仅11岁。2. 牛钰曾是校运动队的一员。她热爱跑步。但这场灾难打破了她的梦想。她不得不依靠假肢生活。假肢穿着不舒服,她的残肢还经常流血。人们好奇的目光让她更加不自在。她总是试图把假肢藏在牛仔裤或裙子下面。3. 在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢走出了阴影。2018年,就在她21岁生日前夕,她决定不再隐藏自己的假肢。令她惊讶的是,她收到了许多鼓励的话语。她还在约4小时内跑完了半程马拉松。她完成了这艰难的10年重拾自我之旅。4. 如今,牛钰在社交媒体上分享自己的故事。她倾听灾难幸存者的心声,并鼓励他们向前看。2023年,她在世界大学生运动会上担任火炬手。“这对我来说是莫大的荣幸,” 她说。“但这也是向人们展示勇敢力量的好机会。”5. 灾难会带来巨大的痛苦。但我们应始终勇敢面对。正如作家诺拉·艾芙隆曾说:“最重要的是,做自己生活中的女主角,而非受害者。”句子详解第一段1. During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone's attention.句子结构:时间状语:During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week主语:a young, slim and confident woman(形容词短语修饰主语)定语:with an iron leg(介词短语作后置定语)谓语:drew宾语:everyone's attention时态:一般过去时(drew是draw的过去式)短语搭配:during...week:在……周期间draw one's attention:吸引某人的注意力中考考点:介词短语作定语的位置(后置),如“a girl with long hair”。一般过去时的动词变化(规则/不规则),如draw→drew。2. Her name was Niu Yu.句子结构:主语:Her name系动词:was表语:Niu Yu(人名作表语)时态:一般过去时中考考点:主系表结构(be动词的过去式was/were)。3. She lost her right leg in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.句子结构:主语:She谓语:lost宾语:her right leg状语:in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(介词短语作时间状语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:lose sth. in...:在……中失去某物中考考点:介词in表示“在……中”的用法(如in the earthquake)。不规则动词lose→lost的变化。4. She was only 11 years old then.句子结构:主语:She系动词:was表语:11 years old(年龄作表语)状语:then(时间状语)时态:一般过去时中考考点:年龄的表达法(数字 + years old)。第二段1. Niu Yu used to be in the school sports team.句子结构:主语:Niu Yu谓语:used to be(过去状态)表语:in the school sports team(介词短语作表语)时态:一般过去时(used to do表示过去常常/曾经)短语搭配:used to be:过去曾经是be in...team:是……队的成员中考考点:used to do与be used to doing的区别(前者表过去习惯,后者表现在习惯)。介词in表示“属于某个团体”的用法。2. She loved running.句子结构:主语:She谓语:loved宾语:running(动名词作宾语)时态:一般过去时中考考点:动名词作宾语(如love/enjoy doing)。3. But the disaster broke her dream.句子结构:主语:the disaster谓语:broke宾语:her dream时态:一般过去时短语搭配:break one's dream:打破某人的梦想中考考点:不规则动词break→broke的变化。4. She had to live with an artificial leg.句子结构:主语:She谓语:had to live(had to是情态动词短语,后接动词原形)状语:with an artificial leg(介词短语作方式状语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:live with:忍受;与……一起生活中考考点:have to的过去式had to,否定式didn't have to(不必)。with表示“使用某种工具/伴随”的用法。5. It wasn't comfortable, and her leg often bled.句子结构:并列句(由and连接):1. 前半句:It wasn't comfortable(主系表结构)2. 后半句:her leg often bled(主谓结构)时态:一般过去时(wasn't=was not,bled是bleed的过去式)中考考点:并列句的逻辑关系(顺承/转折/因果)。不规则动词bleed→bled的变化。6. People's curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable.句子结构:主语:People's curious eyes(名词所有格作定语)谓语:made宾语:her宾语补足语:even more uncomfortable(形容词短语作宾补)时态:一般过去时中考考点:make + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/动词原形),如make me happy。形容词比较级(more uncomfortable)前加even表强调。7. She always tried to hide her leg under jeans or dresses.句子结构:主语:She谓语:tried宾语:to hide her leg(不定式作宾语)状语:under jeans or dresses(介词短语作地点状语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:hide...under...:把……藏在……下面中考考点:try to do sth.(努力做某事)与try doing sth.(尝试做某事)的区别。介词under的用法(表示“在……下方”)。第三段1. With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.句子结构:状语:With the support of her family and friends(介词短语作伴随状语)主语:Niu Yu谓语:came out from宾语:the shadows时态:一般过去时短语搭配:with the support of:在……的支持下come out from:从……走出来中考考点:with短语作伴随状语的用法(如with one's help)。复合动词短语come out from的含义(强调从某处出来)。2. In 2018, right before her 21st birthday, she decided to stop hiding her leg.句子结构:时间状语:In 2018, right before her 21st birthday主语:she谓语:decided宾语:to stop hiding her leg(不定式作宾语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:right before:就在……之前decide to do sth.:决定做某事中考考点:stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事)与stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事)的区别。序数词(21st)的写法与用法(前加the)。3. To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging words.句子结构:状语:To her surprise(介词短语作评注性状语)主语:she谓语:received宾语:lots of encouraging words(lots of修饰名词)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:to one's surprise:令某人惊讶的是lots of:许多;大量中考考点:to one's + 情感类名词(如surprise/joy)的固定搭配。lots of/a lot of修饰可数/不可数名词的用法。4. She also finished a half marathon in about 4 hours.句子结构:主语:She谓语:finished宾语:a half marathon状语:in about 4 hours(介词短语作时间状语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:finish doing sth.:完成做某事(后接动名词)中考考点:finish后接动名词作宾语(类似词:enjoy, mind)。5. She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.句子结构:主语:She谓语:completed宾语:the hard 10-year journey定语:of finding herself again(介词短语作后置定语)时态:一般过去时中考考点:复合形容词(10-year)作定语,注意名词用单数(如a 5-year-old boy)。of表示所属关系(……的),如the door of the room。第四段1. Now Niu Yu shares her story on social media.句子结构:主语:Niu Yu谓语:shares宾语:her story状语:on social media(介词短语作地点状语)时态:一般现在时(now表示现在状态)短语搭配:share sth. on...:在……上分享某物中考考点:一般现在时的第三人称单数(share→shares)。2. She listens to disaster survivors and encourages them to look forward.句子结构:并列谓语:listens to + encourages宾语1:disaster survivors宾语2:them宾补:to look forward(不定式作宾补)时态:一般现在时短语搭配:listen to:听encourage sb. to do sth.:鼓励某人做某事中考考点:并列谓语的时态一致性(均用一般现在时)。不定式作宾补(如ask/tell/encourage sb. to do)。3. In 2023, she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games.句子结构:时间状语:In 2023主语:she谓语:carried宾语:the torch状语:at the FISU World University Games(介词短语作地点状语)时态:一般过去时短语搭配:carry the torch:担任火炬手中考考点:介词at表示“在某个活动/场所”的用法(如at the party)。4. "It is a great honour for me," she said. "But it is also a good chance to show people the power of being brave."句子结构:直接引语(含两个句子):1. 主系表:It is a great honour for me(一般现在时)2. 并列句:But it is also a good chance...(一般现在时)不定式短语:to show people the power of being brave(作后置定语修饰chance)短语搭配:a great honour for sb.:对某人来说是莫大的荣幸a good chance to do sth.:做某事的好机会中考考点:It is + 名词 + for sb. 句型(如It is a pity for me)。不定式作定语(如the first to arrive)。第五段1. A disaster can bring a lot of pain.句子结构:主语:A disaster谓语:can bring(情态动词+动词原形)宾语:a lot of pain时态:一般现在时(can表能力/客观事实)短语搭配:bring a lot of...:带来许多……中考考点:情态动词can的用法(后接动词原形)。2. But we should always face it with courage.句子结构:主语:we谓语:should face(情态动词+动词原形)宾语:it状语:with courage(介词短语作方式状语)时态:一般现在时短语搭配:face...with...:用……面对……中考考点:情态动词should的用法(表建议,后接动词原形)。with表“用某种方式”的用法(如with a smile)。3. As the writer Nora Ephron once said: "Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim."句子结构:状语从句:As the writer...once said(as引导定语从句,指代后文引语)直接引语:祈使句(be the heroine...)短语搭配:above all:最重要的是中考考点:祈使句的结构(动词原形开头),如Be quiet!外研版八年级上册 新教材(讲义)Unit 6 When disaster strikes重点短语1.stay in:待在;住在2.rush into:冲进3.wake sb. up:叫醒某人4.have to:不得不;必须5.shut one's eyes:闭上眼睛6.decide to do sth.:决定做某事7.out of town:在城外;离开城镇8.just then:就在那时9.go straight ahead:一直向前走10.from side to side:左右地;来回地11.leave...behind:把……留下;丢下12.move on:继续前进13.turn...into...:把……变成……14.be thick with:充满;布满15.in heavy showers:大量地落下16.all around:在周围;四周17.after a while:过了一会儿18.be covered in:被……覆盖19.between...and...:在……和……之间20.have no thoughts of:无暇考虑;没有……的想法课文句子详解原文A lost city1 My mother and I were staying in a town near Pompeii. The earth shook these days. That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. My mother rushed into my room to wake me up. We had to stay outside for the night. My mother was so scared. She didn't shut her eyes for even one second. By six o'clock the next morning, many buildings were still shaking. We decided to leave the town.2 The road was crowded. We were at a place out of town. Just then, shocking things happened. Our coach couldn't go straight ahead. It began to move from side to side. The sea moved back suddenly, and many sea animals were left on the sand.3 We noticed a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius. Soon, the cloud moved down and covered the sea. My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind. We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood. It turned day into night. The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers. All around us, women were calling, children were crying and men were shouting. People were trying to find their families in the dark.4 Thankfully, after a while, the daylight returned! Everything was covered in ash, like the snow in winter. After a night of living between hope and fear, we had no thoughts of things to come.Pliny the Younger译文失落之城1. 我和母亲当时住在庞贝附近的一个小镇上。那些日子里,大地一直在震动。那天晚上,我正在睡觉,突然地面剧烈摇晃起来。母亲冲进我的房间叫醒我。我们当晚只好待在户外。母亲非常害怕,一秒钟都没合眼。到第二天早上六点,许多建筑物仍在摇晃。我们决定离开这个小镇。2. 道路十分拥挤。我们到了城外的一个地方。就在那时,令人震惊的事情发生了。我们乘坐的长途客车无法继续向前行驶,开始左右晃动。海水突然退去,许多海洋生物被留在了沙滩上。3. 我们注意到维苏威火山上方出现了一团浓浓的黑云。很快,这团云向下蔓延,笼罩了大海。母亲让我别管她继续前行,但我拒绝把她丢下。我们继续赶路,与此同时,那团云像洪水一样在大地上蔓延开来,白天变成了黑夜。空气中弥漫着浓烟,灰烬如暴雨般纷纷落下。我们周围,女人们在呼喊,孩子们在啼哭,男人们在叫嚷。人们在黑暗中试图寻找自己的家人。4. 谢天谢地,过了一会儿,白昼又回来了!一切都被灰烬覆盖,就像冬天的积雪。在希望与恐惧交织中度过一夜后,我们无暇去想未来会怎样。小普林尼句子详解第一段1.My mother and I were staying in a town near Pompeii.句子结构成分:主语是由My mother and I构成的并列结构,代表两个人。were staying是谓语部分,这里使用的是过去进行时态(be动词的过去式 + 现在分词),表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作。in a town near Pompeii是地点状语,其中in a town表明在一个城镇里,near Pompeii进一步说明这个城镇靠近庞贝。时态:过去进行时。过去进行时通常用于描述过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作。例如:He was reading a book at 8 o'clock last night.(他昨晚8点正在读书)。短语搭配:stay in:表示待在;住在 ,如I usually stay in on weekends.(我周末通常待在家里) 。中考考点:过去进行时的构成和用法是中考重点,常考在语境中判断是否该用过去进行时,比如与一般过去时对比考查。例如:I was doing my homework when he came in.(他进来时我正在做作业 ,came in是短暂性动作,用一般过去时,was doing my homework是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时 )。地点状语的识别和理解,在阅读理解中可能会根据地点信息设置题目。2.The earth shook these days.句子结构成分:The earth是句子的主语,指大地。shook是谓语动词,是shake的过去式 ,表示震动。these days是时间状语,意思是这些日子。时态:一般过去时。一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 。例如:I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去公园了) 。中考考点:动词过去式的变化规则是中考基础考点,像shake - shook这种不规则变化需要牢记。一般过去时的时间状语识别,如yesterday,last week ,in 2020等,在单项选择、完形填空等题型中常出现。3.That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.句子结构成分:That night是时间状语,限定了事情发生的时间。主句是I was sleeping ,I是主语,was sleeping是谓语(过去进行时) 。when the ground shook very hard是时间状语从句,when是引导词 ,the ground是从句主语,shook是从句谓语(一般过去时) ,very hard是程度状语,修饰shook ,表示震动得很厉害。时态:主句过去进行时,从句一般过去时。这种时态搭配常用于描述一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生。例如:She was watching TV when the phone rang.(电话响的时候她正在看电视) 。中考考点:重点考查when引导时间状语从句时,主从句时态的搭配规则 ,是中考语法选择和短文填空的常考点。对程度状语的理解,在阅读理解中可能会涉及对动作程度的判断。4.My mother rushed into my room to wake me up.句子结构成分:My mother是主语。rushed into是谓语动词短语 ,rushed是rush的过去式 ,into my room是rushed的宾语 ,表示冲进我的房间。to wake me up是目的状语,用动词不定式来表示母亲冲进房间的目的。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:rush into:意思是冲进 ,例如:The firemen rushed into the burning building.(消防员冲进着火的大楼) 。wake sb. up:意为叫醒某人 ,sb.用代词时要用宾格形式,如wake me/him/her up ,例如:Please wake me up at 6:30 tomorrow.(请明天6点30分叫醒我) 。中考考点:动词短语的词义辨析和用法,在完形填空、词汇题中可能会考查。动词不定式作目的状语是重要考点,比如在写作中正确运用不定式表达目的。5.We had to stay outside for the night.句子结构成分:We是主语。had to stay是谓语部分,had to是情态动词短语 ,表示不得不 ,后接动词原形stay ,stay outside表示待在外面。for the night是时间状语,意思是一整晚。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:have to:不得不;必须 ,强调客观上的必要性 ,有人称和时态的变化 ,例如:He has to go to school by bus because his bike is broken.(因为自行车坏了,他不得不乘公交车去上学) ,其过去式是had to ,否定形式是don't/doesn't/didn't have to ,意思是不必 。中考考点:have to与must的区别是中考常考点 ,must侧重于主观上的必须 ,have to侧重于客观需要 。一般过去时中have to的正确使用,包括其形式变化。6.My mother was so scared.句子结构成分:My mother是主语。was是系动词 ,属于be动词的过去式。so scared是表语,so是副词,用来强调程度,scared是形容词,意为害怕的。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:so + 形容词结构用于强调程度 ,比如so happy(如此开心) 、so tired(如此疲惫) 。中考考点:主系表结构是基础语法点,中考会考查系动词(如be动词、感官系动词look/sound/taste/smell/feel等 )的正确使用 ,以及形容词作表语的情况。7.She didn't shut her eyes for even one second.句子结构成分:She是主语。didn't shut是谓语部分,didn't是助动词did的否定形式 ,与动词原形shut构成谓语 ,表示没有闭上。her eyes是宾语 ,for even one second是时间状语,强调时间极短。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:shut one's eyes:意思是闭上眼睛 ,例如:She shut her eyes and listened to the music.(她闭上眼睛听音乐) 。中考考点:一般过去时的否定形式是重要考点 ,需要掌握借助助动词did变否定的规则 ,以及动词要用原形。对时间状语的理解和在语境中的运用,在阅读理解和写作中都可能涉及。8.By six o'clock the next morning, many buildings were still shaking.句子结构成分:By six o'clock the next morning是时间状语 ,by在这里表示到…… 时 。many buildings是主语。were still shaking是谓语部分,使用过去进行时 ,were shaking表示正在震动,still是副词,意为仍然,修饰shaking 。时态:过去进行时。中考考点:过去进行时的用法 ,特别是与by + 时间状语搭配时的用法 ,在阅读理解中可能会根据这种时态信息推断事件发展情况。对still这类副词的理解和运用,在语法和写作中都可能考查。9.We decided to leave the town.句子结构成分:We是主语。decided是谓语动词 ,是decide的过去式 。to leave the town是宾语 ,这里是动词不定式作宾语 ,表示决定做的事情。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:decide to do sth.:决定做某事 ,例如:He decided to study harder next term.(他决定下学期更努力学习) 。中考考点:decide的用法以及动词不定式作宾语是中考常考内容 ,在写作中也经常用到这个结构来表达决定做的事。一般过去时中decide的过去式变化。第二段1.The road was crowded.句子结构成分:The road是主语。was是系动词 。crowded是形容词作表语 ,描述道路的状态是拥挤的。时态:一般过去时。中考考点:主系表结构的理解和运用 ,中考会考查系动词和表语的正确搭配 ,以及通过这种结构描述事物状态。2.We were at a place out of town.句子结构成分:We是主语。were是系动词 。at a place out of town是表语 ,其中at a place表示在一个地方 ,out of town是介词短语作后置定语 ,修饰place ,意思是在城外。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:out of town:在城外;离开城镇 ,例如:He lives out of town.(他住在城外) 。中考考点:介词短语的用法和含义 ,在阅读理解中可能会根据地点相关信息设置题目 ,也可能在写作中考查用此类短语描述位置。3.Just then, shocking things happened.句子结构成分:Just then是时间状语 ,表示就在那时。shocking things是主语 ,shocking是形容词 ,修饰things ,表示令人震惊的事情。happened是谓语动词 ,是happen的过去式 ,表示发生。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:just then:就在那时 ,例如:Just then, a bird flew over our heads.(就在那时,一只鸟从我们头顶飞过) 。中考考点:一般过去时中动词过去式的正确使用。对时间状语的理解和在语境中的作用 ,在阅读理解中时间信息是重要线索。4.Our coach couldn't go straight ahead.句子结构成分:Our coach是主语。couldn't go是谓语部分 ,couldn't是情态动词can的过去式和否定形式 ,后接动词原形go 。straight ahead是状语 ,修饰go ,表示一直向前。时态:一般过去时(含情态动词 )。短语搭配:go straight ahead:一直向前走 ,例如:Go straight ahead and you'll see the bookstore.(一直往前走,你就会看到书店) 。中考考点:情态动词can的过去式could的用法 ,包括其否定形式 ,以及后接动词原形的规则。动词短语的含义和用法 ,在阅读理解和词汇题中可能会考查。5.It began to move from side to side.句子结构成分:It是主语,这里指代长途客车。began是谓语动词 ,是begin的过去式 。to move from side to side是宾语 ,动词不定式作宾语 ,from side to side是方式状语 ,修饰move ,表示左右地移动。时态:一般过去时。短语搭配:from side to side:左右地;来回地 ,例如:The pendulum swings from side to side.(钟摆左右摆动) 。中考考点:begin的用法 ,begin to do sth.和begin doing sth.都表示开始做某事 ,在中考中可能会考查它们的区别和正确使用。对方式状语的理解和识别 ,在阅读理解中可能会根据动作的方式设置题目。6.The sea moved back suddenly, and many sea animals were left on the sand.句子结构成分:这是一个由and连接的并列句。前半句中,The sea是主语 ,moved back是谓语 ,suddenly是状语 ,修饰moved back ,表示突然退去。后半句中,many sea animals是主语 ,were left是谓语(一般过去时的被动语态 ),on the sand是地点状语 ,表示被留在沙滩上。时态:一般过去时。中考考点:并列句的结构和理解 ,中考可能会考查对并列句中两个分句关系的理解 ,以及根据并列句的信息进行推理判断。一般过去时的被动语态构成(was/were + 过去分词 ),这是中考重点语法内容 ,在单项选择、短文填空、写作等题型中都会涉及。第三段1.We noticed a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius.句子结构成分:We是主语。noticed是谓语动词 ,是notice的过去式 ,表示注意到。a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius是宾语 ,其中a very dark cloud是核心宾语部分 ,very dark是形容词短语修饰cloud ,over Mount Vesuvius是介词短语作后置定语 ,表示在维苏威火山上方。时态:一般过去时。中考考点:一般过去时中及物动词的用法 ,notice后接宾语 ,在阅读理解中可能会考查对句子中动作和对象的理解。介词短语作后置定语的理解和识别 ,在阅读理解和语法填空中都可能涉及。2.Soon, the cloud moved down and covered the sea.句子结构成分:Soon是时间状语 ,表示很快。the cloud是主语。moved down and covered是并列谓语 ,moved down表示向下移动 ,covered表示覆盖 ,the sea是宾语 ,表示覆盖了大海。时态:一般过去时。中考考点:并列谓语的用法 ,中考可能会考查并列谓语的时态一致性和语义连贯性 ,在写作中正确使用并列谓语可以丰富句子表达。一般过去时中动词的正确使用 ,包括动词的过去式变化。3.My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.句子结构成分:这是一个由but连接的并列句 ,表示转折关系。前半句中,My mother是主语 ,asked是谓语动词 ,是ask的过去式 ,me是宾语 ,to continue without her是宾语补足语 ,其中to continue是动词不定式 ,without her是介词短语作方式状语 ,表示没有她一起。后半句中,I是主语 ,refused是谓语动词 ,是refuse的过去式 ,to leave her behind是宾语 ,动词不定式作宾语 ,leave her 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025秋外研版八上英语Unit 4 Reading for writing.docx 2025秋外研版八上英语Unit 4 Understanding ideas.docx 2025秋外研版八上英语Unit 5 Reading for writing.docx 2025秋外研版八上英语Unit 5 Understanding ideas.docx 2025秋外研版八上英语Unit 6 Reading for 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