Unit 5 Launching Your Career Grammar素材 高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册

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Unit 5 Launching Your Career Grammar素材 高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册

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Unit 5 Launching Your Career - Grammar:Review of long sentences
一、语法导学(感悟规律 重点难点剖析)
(一)语法感知
结合以下课文原句,完成小题:
This,however,is not always easy.
So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!
This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.
The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant’s overall work personality.
The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school,before you make any choices about your further education.
The career you have defines your life,and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people.
以上句子中,句 1 为简单句。
句 2 为由 and 连接的并列句。
句 3、句 4 和句 5 为主从复合句;在句 3 中,because 引导的是表语从句,who 引导的是宾语从句,都是名词性从句;在句 4 中,that 引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词 code;句 5 中 while 引导的是表语从句,而 before 引导的是状语从句。
句 6 为并列复合句,and 连接的是并列句,而 you have 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the career,引导词为关系代词that/which,在从句中作宾语,被省略。
(二)语法精析
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句(Simple Sentences)
简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。例如:
He often reads English in the morning.(他经常在早上读英语。)
Tom and Mike are American boys.(汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。)(加黑部分为并列主语,只有一个谓语,仍为简单句)
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.(她喜欢画画,经常为墙报画画。)(加黑部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句)
2. 并列句(Compound Sentences)
(1)并列句的构成
包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:
The food was good,but he had little appetite.(食物很好,但他却没什么胃口。)
One of the clock’s hands is short; the other two are long.(钟的一根指针短,另两根指针长。)
(2)并列句的分类
关系类型 常用连词 例句
并列关系 and,not only...but also,neither...nor,both...and,not...but Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework.(汤姆和杰克都没有完成家庭作业。)Not couldn’t they complete the task,but the task was too tough.(不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太难了。)
转折关系 but,yet,whereas,nevertheless(但是;然而) John likes playing basketball,but he didn’t play it yesterday.(约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。)Jane said that she was ill,yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just now.(简说她病了,但我刚才还在街上看见她了。)
选择关系 or,otherwise ,or else,either...or We must hurry,or we’ll miss the train.(我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。)Either you come to my place or I go to yours.(或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那儿去。)
因果关系 for,so We had better stay at home,for it was raining.(我们最好待在家里,因为天正在下雨。)He didn’t work hard,so he failed in the examination.(他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。)
对比关系 while I do every single bit of housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then.(我做所有的家务,而我的丈夫汤姆只是偶尔洗洗盘子。)
特殊句型 祈使句+and/or +简单句(简单句用一般将来时) Read this story,and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.(阅读这个故事,你会意识到并不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到。)Take the flowers into a warm room,or they will die quickly.(把这些花拿到暖和的房间里去,否则它们会很快死去。)
3. 复合句(Complex Sentences)
(1)主从复合句的结构
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词(从属连词)连接。例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.(我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。)
(2)主从复合句的分类
根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用,主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
① 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,功能相当于名词词组,能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
从属连词:that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever
连接副词:when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever
例句:
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.(约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。)
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.(很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。)
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.(他们何时结婚依然不明。)
They are investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.(他们正在调查他是否值得信赖。)
② 定语从句
定义:在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词(先行词),通常位于先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which,as 等(代替先行词,在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分,作主语时从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致)
关系副词:when,where,why 等(代替表时间、地点或理由的先行词,在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语)
例句:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you (他就是想见你的人吗?)(who/that 在从句中作主语)
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(那人车坏了,他们都跑过去帮忙。)(whose 在此用来指人,在从句中作 car 的定语)
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。)(which/that 在从句中作主语)
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.(我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。)(when 在从句中作状语,可替换成介词 in+which)
As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health.(正如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。)(as 引导非限制性定语从句,可位于主句前面)
判断关系代词与关系副词的方法:
方法一:取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,用关系代词;不及物动词用关系副词。
方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)。
例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.(这是我去年待过的山村。)(stay 是不及物动词 / 先行词作状语)
This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.(这是我去年拜访过的山村。)(visit 是及物动词 / 先行词作宾语)
③ 状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子,可修饰谓语、形容词、副词或整个句子,一般由从属连词引导,按意义可分为以下类型:
从句类型 常用引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when,until,as 等 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how.(直到你教我后,我才会做。)
原因状语从句 since,as,because 等 Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.(由于天气那么糟,我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。)
目的状语从句 so that,in order that 等 You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.(你必须大点声,这样别人就都能听见了。)
结果状语从句 so...that,such...that 等 He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.(这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。)
条件状语从句 as long as,if 等 As long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll turn our dreams into realities.(只要我们不灰心,我们就会把梦想变成现实。)
让步状语从句 although,though 等 Although it’s raining,they are still working in the fields.(虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。)
4. 并列复合句
并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里(英语叫 Compound-Complex Sentences),即句子中既有并列关系,又有复合关系。例如:
I admire Tim,but he doesn’t admire me,although I try hard to impress him.(我钦佩蒂姆,但他并不钦佩我,尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。)(前 1、2 分句是并列关系,第 1、2 分句与第 3 分句是主从复合关系)
Even if you fail,at least you try,and you are a better person for it.(即使你失败了,至少你努力了,而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。)(前 1、2 分句是主从复合关系,第 1、2 分句与第 3 分句是并列关系)
二、达标检测(当堂检测 基础达标演练)
Ⅰ. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. —— 简单句
There is a chair in this room,isn’t there —— 简单句
The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. —— 复合句(定语从句)
He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. —— 复合句(状语从句)
Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so. —— 并列句
What he said at the meeting is very important,isn’t it —— 复合句(主语从句)
It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark. —— 并列句
Having never operated a computer,Mr Johnson met with a lot of difficulties at first. —— 简单句
We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. —— 并列复合句
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. —— 简单句
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Recently,I failed an exam.However,11. when/as I came out of my teacher’s office,I told myself,“Smile,it’s not so serious.”
I had a big smile 12. and it worked,really.
Everyone gets frustrated sometimes.I used to be always influenced by pressure and I was often in low spirits.13. But one day I came across the sentences,“ Don’t be anxious about tomorrow,14. for/because/as/since tomorrow will be anxious for itself.Let the day’s own trouble be sufficient for the day.” They suddenly struck me.“ Worrying about a problem doesn’t help.Why not give a big smile and face up to the trouble?”
Now,15. when/whenever I want to cry,I remind myself that laughter is better than tears 16. and anger.I’m convinced 17. that there’s something magical about a smile.A smile helps me recover confidence and gives me the courage to move on.
Remember,whenever you are faced with a setback,18. or treated unfairly,all 19. that it takes is determination and you can feel happy again.Smile at life 20. and it will shine on you.
语篇解读:本文作者通过自己的生活经历告诉大家,要笑对人生。
解析:
11. 考查时间状语从句。此处表示 “当我从老师的办公室走出来的时候”,用 when 或者 as 引导时间状语从句,表 “当…… 的时候”。
12. 考查并列连词。空处前后为顺承关系,后面句子不缺成分,填并列连词 and。
13. 考查并列连词。空处前后为转折关系,填连词 But。
14. 考查原因状语从句。空处前后是因果关系,空后表原因,可填并列连词 for 或 because/as/since 引导原因状语从句。
15. 考查时间状语从句。根据语境,表 “当” 或 “每当”,填 when/whenever。
16. 考查并列连词。tears 与 anger 为并列关系,填 and。
17. 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句且不作成分,填 that。
18. 考查并列连词。空处前后是选择关系,填 or。
19. 考查定语从句。先行词为不定代词 all,填 that。
20. 考查并列连词。空处前后表顺承关系,填 and,构成 “祈使句+and+陈述句” 句型。

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