资源简介

(共46张PPT)
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
[课文批注]
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”　约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
　　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a
British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness
causes severe diarrhoea， dehydration， and even death. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous
doctor， and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
　　直到英国医生约翰·斯诺（向人们）展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最 令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可引起严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱 暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的 约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾过 她。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
　　In general， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain
how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was
that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct， but he still needed proof.
Consequently， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
　　关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的理论来解析。一种理论 是空气污染引发疾病。另一种是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二 种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺 便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死 亡。他决心查明原因。
　　Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died
had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）. However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the
water from the pump. Snowsuspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more，
in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much
that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly，
he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention， the disease was stopped in its tracks.
　　斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者所住的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤 其是16号、37号、38号以及40号住宅）。但是有些家庭（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥 街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。酒吧为他们提供免 费的啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦 的另一个区域，一个女人和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢 从水泵抽上来的水，她每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。基于这个证据，约翰·斯 诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。因此，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样 水泵就不能用了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
　　The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water
from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this
water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
　　真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水已经被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明 了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被 未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水 的人更有可能染上霍乱。
　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However， cholera is still a problem. Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study
diseases. For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
　　经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售干净的水，并且世界各地霍乱的威胁 大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是一个问题。每年，全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人 因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此 外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉 为“现代流行病学之父”。
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE　中国航天之父
　　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland
with effort， achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
　　也许再也没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。《钱学森的 故事》 一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱 祖国，以努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务，钱学森是一位备受人们尊敬的人。
　　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect
and defend the country.
　　钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工 程。然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森因为意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫自 己，所以决定转为航空专业。
　　Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of NASA’s leading space- exploration centres.
　　1935年，钱学森前往美国攻读研究生。在二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国 喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理 时，钱学森协助开展了火箭推进方面的重要研究工作，并且在二十世纪四十年代，钱 学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国国家航空航天局最重 要的太空探索中心之一。
　　After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland
and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time， China was poor and its rocket science was
undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless， Qian did not let that
discourage him from taking on the challenge. When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
　　在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国对待英 雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责太空和导弹项目。那时候，中国 很贫穷而且火箭科学不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有 该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。当被问道“我们中国 人有可能制造出导弹吗？”，他的回答十分坚定：“为什么不能？外国人能造出来 的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
　　Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the
first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970， China successfully launched its first
man-made satellite， Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket. Because much of the
technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian’s research，
Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
　　在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出了第一代“长 征”火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一 号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可以追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱 学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。
　　Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable， especially in the area
of frontier science research. However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
　　钱学森博览群书，知识极其渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，他之所以 能成为一名如此杰出、 富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事 物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力经常给他的科研工作带来灵感。
　　On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
　　2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT　一个纯思维的世界
　　Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair， unable to move
and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought.
　　史蒂芬· 霍金是物理学界最负盛名、 最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都对他坐 在轮椅上无法动弹、 只能通过电脑来说话的形象很熟悉。因为他得了一种使他无法 运用大部分肌肉的疾病，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
　　Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general， there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory， which holds
that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady
state concept was Fred Hoyle， a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer
period after one of Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made
a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected， it showed that the big bang
theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
　　霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学的物理学研究 生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大主要理论。第一种是稳态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。 另一种是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个单点。稳态理论的最大支持者是剑 桥大学的弗雷德· 霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站起来指出 霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳态理论是正确的。不久， 天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，证实了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
　　So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ Besides being brilliant， he
was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to
say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore， he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist，
and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
　　那么，是什么使史蒂芬· 霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一 个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不 敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。这帮助他成为一名科学家，还帮助他与病魔作斗争。 最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世 纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1. cholera n.霍乱
2. severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
·severely adv.严重地；严厉地
3. diarrhoea （NAmE diarrhea）n.腹泻
4. dehydration n.脱水
5. frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
·frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧
·frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
·frustration n.懊丧；懊恼
6. attend to 关怀；照料；处理
7. once and for all最终地；彻底地
It is essential for us to handle the problem once and for all； otherwise，we would be caught in a dilemma.
我们有必要一劳永逸地解决这个问题，否则我们会陷入困境。
8. contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
9. infection n.感染；传染
·infect vt.使感染；传染
·infectious adj.感染的；传染性的；有感染力的
10. germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌
11. subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
·subscribe to同意；赞同
·subscription n.订阅；订阅费
·subscriber n.订阅者；订户；订购人
12. proof n.证据；证明；检验
·prove vt.证明；证明是
13. multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
·multiply vi.& vt.乘；乘以；繁殖
14. pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒
·water pump水泵
Water pumps are banned from pumping waste water into nearby rivers； otherwise， these pumps would be removed immediately.
禁止水泵将废水排到附近的河流中，否则这些水泵将被立即拆除。
15. household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
16. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
·suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做某事
suspect that...怀疑……
17. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
·be to blame （for sth）（对某事）负有责任；应受责备
blame sb for （doing） sth因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
18. handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
19. intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
·intervene vi.干预；介入
20. link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
·link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来
21. raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
22. pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
·purely adv.完全地；纯粹地
·purify vt.净化；使……洁净
23. substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
·substance n.物质；物品；事实；根据
24. decrease n.减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
·decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
·on the decrease正在减少
on the increase正在增加
25. thanks to幸亏；由于
Thanks to John’s kindness and generosity， Bernard could make some money by selling popcorn to support his family.
多亏了约翰的善良和慷慨，伯纳德才能通过卖爆米花赚钱养家。
26. statistic n.[pl.－s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
Substantial statistics show that 50％ of new businesses fail in their first years.
大量的统计数据显示，50％的新企业在第一年就倒闭了。
27. transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
·transformation n.（彻底的）变化；转变；变革
·transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的
28. epidemiology n.流行病学
29. microscope n.显微镜
30. thinking n.思想；思维；见解
To handle the urgent matter once and for all， I had to do some quick thinking.
为了一劳永逸地处理这个紧急事件，我必须迅速思考一下。
31. protein n.蛋白质
32. cell n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房
33. virus n.病毒
34. more than多于；不仅仅；非常
35. as a result of由于；因为
36. be determined to do sth下定决心做某事
37. be likely to do sth有可能去做某事
38. die from死于
39. in general一般来说
Using Language & Other Parts
1. finding n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决
·find （found，found） vt.发现
2. initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
·initially adv.起初；最初
·initiate vt.开始实施；发起
3. vaccine n.疫苗
4. framework n.框架；结构
·theoretical framework理论框架
5. solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体
6. cast vt.（cast， cast）投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
·cast a（comforting/welcoming/meaningful） look/glance/smile at...向……投以（安慰 的/欢迎的/意味深长的）视线/一瞥/笑容
cast a gloom over使……忧郁/情绪低落
7. shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处
8. rainbow n.彩虹
9. pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
10. concrete n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
He doesn’t offer concrete historical background to support his arguments， so he can’t shift others’ initial opinions.
他没有提供具体的历史背景来支持他的论点，所以他无法改变别人最初的观点。
11. plasma n.血浆
12. aerospace n.航空航天工业
13. patriotic adj.爱国的
14. mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
·mechanic n.机械师；机械修理工
·mechanism n.机械装置
15. break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
·break away from脱离/挣脱……
break down出故障；坏掉；失败；（身体等）垮掉；消除
break in插话；破门而入
break into强行闯入；开始
break up打碎；结束；（关系等）破裂
16. aviation n.航空制造业；航空；飞行
17. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
·defend... against/from（doing...）保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫
·defence （defense） n.防御；保卫
in defence （of...）保护；为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边
18. jet n.喷气式飞机
19. assistant n.助理；助手
·assist vt.帮助；协助
·assistance n.帮助；协助；援助
20. in charge of主管；掌管
·in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管
take charge of负责/掌控/掌管
free of charge免费
·charge （sb） for sth为……（向某人）收费/要价
charge sb with （doing） sth指控某人（做）某事
21. missile n.导弹
22. leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
·leader n.领导
·lead v.引路；引领；导致；处于领先地位
23. trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
·be traced back to追溯到
Her book traces the country’s history from ancient times to the present day and by reading it， we can discover traces of earlier civilisations.
她的书追溯了这个国家从古到今的历史，通过阅读这本书，我们可以发现早期文明的 痕迹。
24. outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
25. gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
·gift n.礼物；天赋；天资
·be gifted in/have a gift for有……的天赋
e down with患（病）；染上（小病）
·come across（偶然）遇见；碰见；（给人）留下印象
come about发生（无被动形式）
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；（花）开放
when it comes to...当谈及……
come up走近；上来；被提及
come up with sth拿出（钱款）；提出某事（物）
27. abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要
He is making an abstract of a science book which contains a large number of abstract concepts.
他正在为一本包含许多抽象概念的科学书籍做摘要。
28. steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
·steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地
29. concept n.概念；观念
30. astronomer n.天文学家
·astronomy n.天文学
31. besides prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且；此外
·except prep.除……之外（从整体中减除部分）
except for除……之外（从整体说明作细节修正）
·apart from＝besides除了……（还）
32. furthermore adv.此外；再者
Furthermore，it is your frequent encouragement and positive attitudes towards life that guide me out of low spirits.
此外，是您经常的鼓励和积极的生活态度引导我走出低落的情绪。
33. above all最重要的是；尤其是
·at all根本（常用于否定句和疑问句）
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先（强调顺序）
in all 一共；总计
all in all总的来说
34. fault n.弱点；过错
·at fault有责任；有错
find fault （with）找茬；抱怨；挑剔
35. shift n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
36. vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
·vividly adv.生动地
37. have a（n）... impact on对……有……影响
38. discourage sb from doing sth劝阻某人做某事
39. take on the challenge接受挑战
40. under one’s leadership在某人的领导下
41. be familiar with对……熟悉(共45张PPT)
UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
[课文批注]
“WELCOME， XIE LEI！” BUSINESS STUDENT
BUILDING BRIDGES　“欢迎你，谢蕾！”商科学生搭建（文化交流的）桥梁
　　Six months ago， 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and
friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left
China. “I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled.
　　六个月前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机。这是她第一次 离开中国。“我很激动，但也很紧张。我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。
　　Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and
has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English.
My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，” she explained.
　　谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。“我之所以 选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。我的志向是毕 业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。
　　At first， Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life，” she said. “I had to learn how to use public transport and how to
ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I got lost， I had to
ask passers-by for help， but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with.
I ask them to repeat themselves a lot！”
　　起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活。“你必须习惯一种全新的生活。” 她说，“我不得不学会如何使用公共交通工具，并学会如何要到我不知道英文名称的 东西。迷路时，我不得不向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话的语速很快，而且使用的是 我不熟悉的单词。我会请求他们重复很多遍！”
　　Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation， Xie Lei
chose to live with a host family， who can help with her adaptation to the new
culture. “When I miss home， I feel comforted to have a second family，” Xie
Lei said. “When there’s something I don’t know or understand， I can ask them.
They are also keen to learn about China. Laura， the daughter of my host family， wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs！ Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it， so I taught her how to cook it， too.”
　　虽然一些留学生住在学校宿舍里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭里，寄宿家庭（里 的人）可以帮助她适应新的文化。“有了第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。” 谢 蕾说，“当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以询问他们。他们也渴望了解中国。 我所在的寄宿家庭的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学。我们每晚轮流做饭。他们真的很爱 吃我做的番茄炒蛋！劳拉说每次闻到它（的香味），她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我也教 她如何做这道菜。”
　　Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay， her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had
said if she cited their ideas， but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！Xie Lei
was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.
　　谢蕾面临的另一项挑战是学业要求。当她第一次写论文时，她的导师解释说，如 果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的想法！谢蕾困惑不 解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。她的导师建议她广泛阅读资料，以便形成一种 自己的睿智的观点。
　　Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas， offer examples， apply concepts， and raise
questions， as well as give presentations. At first， Xie Lei had no idea what she should say， but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few
weeks. “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success， which boosted
my confidence，” she said. “I’ll use these skills back home for presentations. They’ll help me build a strong business in the future.”
　　谢蕾还发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。学生需要产生想法、 提供例子、 运用概念、 提出问题并且还要进行陈述。刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该 说什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间后，她发现自己能在课堂上大声发言了。 “我对于中国传统艺术的展示非常成功，这提升了我的自信心。” 她说。 “回国 后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中。 它们将帮助我在未来打造一家强大的企业。”
　　Now halfway through her exchange year， Xie Lei feels much more at
home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
“Engaging in British culture has helped，” she said. “As well as studying
hard， I’ve been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our
culture and eager to learn more about it， so I’m keen to share my culture with
them. While I’m learning about business， I’m also acting as a cultural messenger
building a bridge between us.”
　　一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪 的事情现在对她来说显得十分正常。“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。” 她说，“努 力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。英国人对我们的文化十分着迷并且渴望了解 更多中国文化，因此我也渴望和他们分享我的文化。攻读商科的同时，我也扮演着文 化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起了一座桥梁。”
　　We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions， but for now， we
wish her all the best.
　　我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利。
STUDYING ABROAD： IS IT A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA？
留学：好主意还是坏主意？
Dear Editor，　亲爱的编辑：
　　In the past few decades， there has been a dramatic increase in the number of
people studying abroad. Although studying abroad can bring great benefits， I think the
disadvantages for young people are greater.
　　在过去的几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益，但是我认为留学对 年轻人来说弊大于利。
　　To begin with， many students who study abroad face great economic
pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition
fees and living expenses are much higher than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.
　　首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力。那就意味着并非每个人都有留学的可 能。（国外的）学费和生活费比国内贵多了，大部分家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。 而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。
　　Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes
with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar
environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. In addition， different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.
　　需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会用有限的语言 技能在一个陌生的环境中生活。在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会 感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应付各种挑 战，因而感到苦闷。一些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教学方法对很 多学生来说可能是一种冲击。
　　A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential
benefits， young people who study in China also have a great future to look
forward to！ As China has boomed， the educational environment has improved significantly， with many great universities now available. They have great facilities and outstanding professors， helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.
　　最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学确定有潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同 样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已经大为改观，优质大学现在比比皆 是。它们（这些高校）拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，帮助培养为经济作贡献和进一 步增强我国实力的年轻人。
　　To sum up， one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages，
so when you think about studying abroad， you should consider these many factors.
　　总之，我们无法否认的事实是出国留学有其弊端，因此当你考虑去海外求学时， 应当考虑上述诸多因素。
Kind regards，　谨致问候！
Wang Li（mother of twin girls）　王丽（一对双胞胎女孩的母亲）
Dear Editor，　亲爱的编辑：
　　Is studying abroad a good idea or not？ There are certainly disadvantages，
but in my opinion， the advantages are much greater. As I always tell my son，
there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave， optimistic， and willing to work hard！
　　留学是一个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。正如 我时常告诫儿子的那样，对勇敢、 乐观、 愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！
　　The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth. The education
you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. For example， you
will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence.
　　留学的第一个好处是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自 我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你 获得全球视野，提升你的综合能力。
　　Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese
students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.
International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and
thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
　　另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文 化使者。在华的外国留学生也会带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人 合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界，从而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
　　Finally， studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China’s global outlook， with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative， has helped us make connections across the world. Therefore， China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with
languages， have leadership and organisational skills， and have strong cultural awareness.
Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities， and these in turn will
provide them with better career opportunities.
　　最后，留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的 全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有才能、 有国际视野、 语 言能力极强、具有领导力和组织能力、 拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学 生能够培养这些技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。
　　All in all， studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile， and I hope my
child will study abroad in the future.
　　总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造性格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强 中国的实力，打造人类命运共同体。我认为这段改变人生的经历肯定是值得的，我希 望我的孩子将来能出国留学。
Sincerely yours， 敬上！
Zhang Yi（father of one boy） 张毅（一个男孩的父亲）
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1. complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的
·complexity n.复杂性；错综复杂
2. recall vi. & vt.记起；回想起
I can clearly recall the happy time we spent together at China-Ireland Cultural Festival two years ago.
我能清楚地回想起两年前我们在中国—爱尔兰文化节上度过的快乐时光。
3. qualification n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历
·have qualifications for sth/to do sth有……/做某事的资格
·qualify vt.& vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格
qualify sb for...使某人具备……的资格
·qualified adj.有资格的；合格的
be qualified for...能胜任……
4. ambition n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负
·one’s ambition is to do...某人的目标是……
·ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的
5. adaptation n.适应；改编本
·make an adaptation to适应……
·adapt vt.适应；改编
adapt to适应……；适合……
adapt oneself to...使自己适应……
adapt...from...for...把……从……改编成……
·adaptable adj.能适应的，适应性强的
6. comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰
·comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
·uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的
·comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
7. tutor n.（英国大学中的）助教；导师；家庭教师
My tutor provided me with substantial raw statistics，which helped me analyse the severe problem.
我的导师给我提供了大量的原始数据，帮助我分析这个严重的问题。
8. cite vt.引用；引述
9. participation n.参加；参与
·participate vi.参加；参与
participate in参加；参与
·participant n.参与者
10. presentation n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
·present n.现在，目前；礼物，礼品 vt.把……交给；颁发；提交；展现adj.现在的； 目前的；出席的
·present sth to sb ＝present sb with sth授予/颁发某人某物；把某物授予/颁发给某人
·at the present time（＝at present）目前；现在
for the present目前；暂时
be present出席
11. speak up大声点说；明确表态
Above all， you’d better speak up if you have a different way to handle the dilemma once and for all.
首先，如果你有不同的方法来一劳永逸地处理这个困境，你最好明确说出来。
12. feel at home舒服自在；不拘束
As far as I am concerned， he is gifted in making people feel at home.
在我看来，他有使人感到自在的天赋。
13. engage vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）
·engage in （使）从事；参与
·engaged adj.已订婚的；被占用的；忙于
be engaged in/on从事于；忙于
·engagement n.订婚；婚约；约会
14. involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加
·involved adj.参与的；投入的
get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联
·involvement n.参与；卷入；牵连
15. messenger n.送信人；信使
16. edition n.（报纸、杂志）一份；（广播、电视节目）一期、一辑；版次
·edit v.编辑
·editor n.主编；编辑
17. culture shock文化冲击
18. zone n.（有别于周围的）地区；地带；区域
·comfort zone舒适区；舒适范围
If you walk out of your comfort zone， what you get will be beyond your expectations.
如果你走出舒适区，你所得到的将会超出你的预期。
19. overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的
·overwhelm vt.（常用于被动语态）使难以承受；使应接不暇；压倒
20. homesickness n.思乡病；乡愁
·homesick adj.想家的；思乡的
21. motivated adj.积极的；主动的
·motivation n.动力；积极性；动机
·motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励
22. advisor n.（also adviser）顾问
·advise vi. & vt.劝告；建议
·advice n.忠告；建议
23. reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的
·unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的
·reasonably adv.合情合理地；公平合理地；适度地
24. expectation n.期望；预期；期待
·expect vt.期待；期望；预计
·unexpected adj.出乎意料的
·unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地；意外地
25. applicant n.申请人
·apply v.申请；运用；适用；涂；敷
apply to sb for sth向某人申请得到某物
apply A to B把A应用于/涂抹于B
apply to sb/sth适用于某人/某物
apply oneself to （doing） sth专注于（做）某事；集中精力于（做）某事
apply to do sth申请做某事
·application n.申请；申请表；申请书；运用；使用
fill in/out an application填写申请表
26. firm n.公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的
·firmly adv.坚定地；牢固地
27. exposure n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露
·expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验……
·exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；易受攻击的
be exposed to暴露于；接触
28. insight n.洞察力；眼光
29. departure n.离开；启程；出发
·depart v.离开；启程；出发
30. get used to习惯于
31. take turns to do sth轮流做某事
32. share...with...和……分享……
33. choose to do sth选择做某事
Using Language & Other Parts
1. setting n.环境；背景；（小说等的）情节背景
2. grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧
3. dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧（般）的
·dramatically adv.剧烈地；戏剧性地；引人注目地
·drama n.戏剧
4. expense n.费用；花费；开销
·at the expense of以……为代价
5. cost an arm and a leg（使）花一大笔钱
6. tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的
7. behave vt.表现vi. & vt.表现得体；有礼貌
·behave oneself守规矩；举止得体
well-behaved adj.表现好的
badly-behaved adj.表现差的
·behaviour/behavior n.行为；举止；表现
8. surroundings n.[pl.]环境；周围的事物
·surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
·surround vt.围绕；环绕；包围
surround...with/by...使……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
9. mature adj.成熟的
·maturity n.成熟
10. depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
·depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁
·depressing adj.令人沮丧的
·depression n.抑郁；萧条期
11. boom vi.& n.迅速发展；繁荣
12. strengthen vi. & vt.加强；增强；巩固
·strong adj.强壮的；强大的
·strength n.体力；力气；力量；强度；优点；长处
13. deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
·deny （doing） sth否定/否认（做）某事
There is no denying that...无可否认……
No one can deny the fact that...……的事实无可否认。
14. optimistic adj.乐观的
·optimist n.乐观主义者
·optimism n.乐观主义
15. gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加 n.好处；增加
Because of his hard work， he finally gained qualifications for being a teacher. Just as an old saying goes， “No pain， no gain.”
由于他的努力，他终于获得了当教师的资格。正如一句老话所说：“一分耕耘，一分 收获。”
16. perspective n.（思考问题的）角度；观点
petence n.能力；胜任；本领
·competent adj.有能力的；称职的
18. envoy n.使者；使节；代表
19. cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合
·cooperative adj.合作的；协作的
·cooperation n.合作；配合
20. angle n.角；角度；立场
The school advisor strongly recommends that I should look at the severe issue from a different angle.
学校的顾问强烈建议我从不同的角度看待这个严重的问题。
21. outlook n.前景；可能性；观点
22. belt n.腰带；地带
23. initiative n.倡议；新方案
No one can deny the fact that the Belt and Road Initiative can strengthen many countries’ cooperation.
没有人能否认，“一带一路”倡议可以加强许多国家的合作。
24. sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
·sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的
·sincerity n.真诚；诚挚
25. budget n.预算
26. side with支持；站在……的一边
27. logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的
·logically adv.合乎逻辑地
·illogical adj.不合乎逻辑的；不合理的
·logic n.逻辑（学）；道理
28. as far as I know据我所知
·as far as I am concerned就我而言；依我看来
29. in summary总的来说；总之
30. generally speaking/in general一般来说
31. outcome n.结果；效果
32. break down出毛病；失败；破裂；分解；消除；情不自禁地哭起来
33. end up doing sth最终会做某事；以做某事而告终
34. contribute to有助于，导致；促成
35. cooperate with和……合作(共37张PPT)
UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
[课文批注]
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
通过铁路看真正的北方：温哥华和加拿大的腹地
　　Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in
Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way， they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
　　李黛予和她的表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表亲。 她们决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商业航班。一想到可以坐 火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。
　　Before starting out， they spent a couple of days in Vancouver， seeing the sights.
During their first day， as is typical of Vancouver， it rained. Despite the weather， they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay， and later visit an island that had wonderful
shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear and mild， and they were pleased
to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later， they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away.
　　出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天温哥华一如往常下雨。 尽管天气不佳，她们仍然能泛舟驶入海湾，随后游览了一座岛屿，岛上有精致的店 铺，出售手工艺品和古董。第二天天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山，俯瞰 着整座城市，甚是欢喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意。
　　The next morning， the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake
Louise， passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the
station， they took a taxi to Lake Louise， where the blue water literally took their breath
away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night， and then took a coach bound north
through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey theyhad ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular
mountain peaks and forests， one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures， including deer， mountain goats， and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
　　次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落 基山脉。从车窗向外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。当火车 到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊 叹不已。住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾 斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们经历过的最棒的旅行。除了欣 赏壮丽的山峰和森林，她们的旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，包括 鹿、山羊，甚至还有一头灰熊和一只老鹰。
　　From Jasper， they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train’s
first stops was in Edmonton， the provincial capital of Alberta， the centre of Canada’s huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter， with daily
temperatures averaging －10℃. Since it can be too cold to outdoors， Edmonton is home
to go many shopping malls. In fact， one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.
　　她们从贾斯珀坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的前几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，它 是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业的中心。埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷， 日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥有众 多大型购物中心。事实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。
　　From Edmonton， the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school， Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada’s population is only slightly over
thirty-seven million. However， they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，
and were truly amazed. They went through two wheat-growing provinces， where they saw a
bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
　　火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学 校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过 3 700 万。但两人还是未曾料到能看到如此辽阔的国 度，着实感到惊讶。她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，在那里看到一片片广阔的农场。
　　After another day on the train， eventually they were back in an urban area，
the city of Winnipeg. From there， they travelled through the night， and woke up in Ontario—a land of forests and lakes. The train thundered on， through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red， gold， and orange，
and there was frost on the ground， confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again， and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtains， they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on
Ontario’s southern border. It was not until 9：30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario， Toronto. All in all， their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
　　她们在火车上又度过了一天，最终回到了都市区域——温尼伯市。她们从该市出 发，连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时火车已经抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省。火车继续 轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、 金色和橘黄 色，地面上覆盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车向南开往多 伦多。次日清晨，当她们醒来并拉开车窗窗帘时，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘，休伦湖是 安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。直到上午九点半，她们才终于抵达安大略省的省会 多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
TORONTO AND MONTREAL　通过铁路看真正的北方：多伦多和蒙特利尔
　　After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest
city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the
next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. They went up
the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance， they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara
Falls， which is on the south side of the lake. Water from the lakes flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.
　　李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、 最富有的城市多伦多之后，她们仅有几个小时 的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了 逛。她们登上加拿大国家电视塔，眺望安大略湖畔。站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼 亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。湖水流入尼亚加拉河，越过尼亚加拉瀑 布，最终汇入大海。
　　The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel， and old-fashioned cars rolling by. As they walked north from the harbour area， Li Daiyu said， “Lin Fei，
one of my mother’s old schoolmates， lives here. I should phone her and see if she’s
available for dinner.”
　　两个女孩看到很多玻璃和钢筋建造的摩天大楼，还有老式汽车驶过。当她们离开 港口区向北走时，李黛予说：“我妈妈的一个老同学林菲住在这里。我应该给她打个 电话，看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。”
　　They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown
Chinatown. The cousins chatted with Lin Fei， who had moved to Canada many years earlier.
　　黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐。林菲 多年前就来到加拿大生活，表姐妹俩与她畅聊了一番。
　　“This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto. We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area， so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada！ Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. Therefore， we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China，” Lin Fei told them.
　　“这是多伦多最大的唐人街。大多伦多地区还有几个唐人街，所以你们可以猜到 加拿大有很多中国人！一百多年来，不断有中国人来到这里。因此，我们在这里能吃 到中国各地的各种美食。”林菲告诉她们。
　　The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station， in contrast to Toronto， they heard people talking in French. They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.
　　火车于当天深夜出发，次日一早抵达蒙特利尔。在火车站她们听见人们用法语交 谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明的对比。两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写 的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。
　　“We don’t leave until this evening，” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”
　　“我们要到傍晚才动身。”刘倩说，“咱们去市区逛逛吧。蒙特利尔老城区就在 河边”。
　　They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River， a young man sat down with them.
　　她们花了整个下午穿梭于一家家漂亮的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的 艺术家们。当两人坐在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河边上的一家餐馆里时，一位年轻人坐 到了她们的身边。
　　“Hello， my name is Jean-Philippe. I’m a photographer，” he said，
“and I was wondering where you are from.”
　　“你们好，我叫让－菲利普，是一名摄影师。”他说道，“我想知道你们从哪里 来？”
　　The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada. When
they told him they had only one day in Montreal， he said， “That’s too bad. You owe
it to yourselves to stay longer. Overall， Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and
sounds. Most of us speak both English and French， and the city has unique Quebec
culture and traditions. There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around， too. Here，
we love good coffee， toast， and cheese. And good music， of course！”
　　女孩们告诉他她们来自中国，并且正在进行横跨加拿大的火车之旅。得知她们只 能在蒙特利尔逗留一天时，他说道：“那太可惜了。 你们应该多待几天。总的来 说，蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市。我们大多数人既说英语也说法语，而且这座城 市拥有独特的魁北克文化和传统。这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。在这里，我们酷爱 美味的咖啡、 吐司和奶酪。当然，还有动听的音乐！”
　　That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city， Halifax. The cousins dreamt happily of the beautiful cobblestone streets， old brick buildings， and the red maple leaves of Montreal.
　　当晚，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河向圣劳伦斯湾疾驰而去，经过远方的东海岸，驶向新 斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯。在梦乡中，表姐妺俩愉快地梦到了蒙特利尔美 丽的鹅卵石街道、古老的砖砌建筑和鲜红的枫叶。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1. airline n.航空公司
2. bay n.（海或湖的）湾
3. craft n.手艺；工艺；技艺
4. antique n.古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的
5. pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
·pleasing adj.令人愉快的
·please vt.（使）高兴；（使）满意
·pleased adj.高兴的；满意的
·pleasure n.快乐；乐趣
6. arise vi.（arose，arisen）起身；出现；由……引起
Our monitor arose from his seat and began to speak up his opinions on how to handle the conflict that arose from mutual misunderstanding.
我们班长从座位上站起来，开始就如何处理由于相互误解而引起的冲突发表他 的看法。
7. massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
·mass n.团；堆；许多；大量
8. literally adv.字面上；真正地
·take sb’s breath away令人惊叹
hold/catch one’s breath屏住呼吸/喘口气
out of breath气喘吁吁；喘不过气
take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
lose one’s breath喘不过气来
·breathe v.呼吸
Someone who breathed heavily was approaching me and I held my breath， not daring to move an inch.
有人喘着粗气向我走来，我屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。
The old man’s splendid craft literally took my breath away.
这位老人精湛的手艺简直使我惊叹。
9. breath n.呼吸的空气
10. bound adj.准备前往（某地）；一定会
We intend to be bound for the beautiful bay， where we are bound to have a good time.
我们打算前往美丽的海湾，在那里我们一定会玩得很开心。
11. scenery n.风景；景色
12. awesome adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的
·awe n.敬畏；惊叹 vt.使敬畏；使惊叹
13. spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 n.壮丽的场面；精彩的表演
14. peak n.顶峰；山峰；尖形
15. highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出；强调；使醒目
The highlight of the article lays in paragraph three， so I highlighted it in yellow.
文章最精彩的部分在第三段，因此我用黄色进行了标注。
16. goat n.山羊
17. grizzly bear n.灰熊
18. drill vi.& vt.钻（孔）；打（眼） n.钻（头）；训练；演习
19. freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
·freezing cold极冷的；冻僵的
·freeze vi. & vt.（froze，frozen） 结冰；（使）冻住
·frozen adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的
20. mall n.（also shopping mall）购物商场；购物广场
21. prairie n.北美草原
22. anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
·anticipation n.期待；预料；预期
23. bunch n.束；串；捆
·a bunch of 一束；一串；一群；大量
24. thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动 n.雷声；轰隆声
25. frost n.霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜
·frosty adj.严寒的；结霜的
26. curtain n.窗帘
27. border n.国界；边界（地区）
28. a couple of几个；两三个
29. start out出发；动身
30. be typical of是……的典型特点
It is typical of John to think about helping others in this exceptional way.
会考虑以这种特殊的方式帮助别人是约翰的一贯风格。
31. in addition to除……之外（还）
In addition to reading for knowledge， we read for fun and inspiration.
除了为知识而读书，我们还为乐趣和灵感而读书。
32. be home to拥有；为……的所在地
It is widely acknowledged that Australia is home to kangaroos.
众所周知，澳大利亚是袋鼠的故乡。
33. wake up醒来；唤醒
Using Language & Other Parts
1. duration n.持续时间；期间
2. harbour（especially US harbor）n.（海）港；港口
3. enrol（especially US enroll）vi. & vt.（使）加入；注册；登记
·enrol（l）ment n.登记；注册
4. quarry n.采石场
5. idiom n.习语；成语
6. contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n.相反的事实（或事情）
·contrary to相反的；相对立的
My efforts resulted in the contrary to my intention and such outcomes were contrary to my expectations.
我的努力造成了与我的意图相反的结果，这样的结果与我的预期背道而驰。
7. anyhow adv.（结束交谈或转换话题时）不过；反正
8. alongside prep.在……旁边；与……一起 adv.在旁边
9. proceed vi.行进；继续做
·proceed to sth进而做（参加）
The passengers were about to proceed to their next trip， so they proceeded to gate 25.
乘客们即将开始他们的下一趟旅行，所以他们前往25号登机口。
10. shore n.岸；滨
11. astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊
·astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的
·astonished adj.感到惊讶的
·astonishment n.惊讶
Much to my astonishment， he has made astonishing progress in his studies. Besides， his talent for music astonishes me.
令我惊讶的是，他在学习上取得了惊人的进步。此外，他的音乐天赋令我惊讶。
12. misty adj.多雾的；模糊的
·mist n.薄雾；水汽
13. steel n.钢；钢铁工业
14. dusk n.黄昏；傍晚
15. advertisement n.（informal ad）广告；启事
·advertise vi. & vt.（为……）做广告/宣传；征聘
·advertiser n.广告商
16. accent n.口音
17. photographer n.摄影师；拍照者
·photograph n.照片vi. & vt.（为……）拍照
·photography n.摄影；摄影术
18. owe vt.欠（账、债、情等）
·owe sth to sb欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人
He owes his good health to his consistent physical workout.
他把他的健康归功于他坚持不懈的体育锻炼。
19. toast n.烤面包片；吐司；干杯vt.为……干杯 vi. & vt.烤（尤指面包）
20. cobblestone adj.铺有鹅卵石的
21. coherent adj.有条理的；清楚易懂的
22. in the distance在远处
23. dream of梦见；梦想
24. roll by驶过；（时间）流逝
25. chat with sb和某人聊天
26. in contrast to与……形成对比
In contrast to his sister， he desires to study abroad to strengthen his overall competence and global perspective.
与姐姐不同的是，他渴望出国留学，以增强自己的综合能力和全球视野。
27. go downtown去市区
28. be close to离……近(共35张PPT)
UNIT 5　FIRST AID
[课文批注]
FIRST AID FOR BURNS　对于烧伤的急救
　　The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease， toxins， and the sun’s rays. It also helps control your body
temperature， prevents your body from losing too much water， warns you when things
are too hot or cold， and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine， getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
　　皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤充当屏障的角 色，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止你的身体流失过多 的水分，在物体过热或过冷时向你发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会导 致非常严重的伤害。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
　　CAUSES OF BURNS　烧伤的原因
　　You can get burnt by a variety of things： hot liquids， steam， fire， radiation， the sun， electricity， acids， or other chemicals.
　　你会被很多东西烧伤：灼热的液体、 蒸汽、 火、 辐射、 阳光、 电流、 酸性物 质或其他化学品。
　　TYPES OF BURNS　烧伤的类型
　　Burns are divided into three types， depending on the depth of skin damage.
　　·First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
　　·Second-degree burns　 These go below the top layer of the skin. They are
serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
　　·Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin， and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes， or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
　　根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三种类型。
　　·一度烧伤　仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重。 如轻度的晒伤和 由其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
　　·二度烧伤　伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才 能康复。 如灼热的液体造成的烫伤。
　　·三度烧伤　伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织。 如因电击、 衣服着 火或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会造成非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立 即去往医院。
　　
　　　CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS　烧伤的特征
　　First-degree burns
　　·dry， red， and mildly swollen
　　·mildly painful
　　·turn white when pressed
　　Second-degree burns
　　·red and swollen； blisters； watery surface
　　·extremely painful
　　Third-degree burns
　　·black and white
　　·swollen； the tissue underneath can often be seen
　　·little or no pain if nerves are damaged； may be painful around the edges of the burn
　　一度烧伤
　　·干燥、 发红、 微肿
　　·微痛
　　·受压时变白
　　二度烧伤
·发红、 肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液
　　·极度疼痛
　　三度烧伤
　　·发黑或发白
　　·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织
　　·如果神经受损则微痛或无痛感；烧伤处边缘或有痛感
　　FIRST-AID TREATMENT　急救处理
　　1.Place burns under cool running water， especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
　　2. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
　　3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary， unless you see the fabric
sticking to the burnt skin.
　　4. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured
areas is a bad idea， as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
　　5. If burns are on the face， make sure the victim can still breathe.
　　6. If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns， there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
　　1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下（冲洗），尤其在前十分钟。冷水可以阻止烧伤 进程并缓解疼痛和肿胀。
　　2. 用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。
　　3. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到布料与被烧伤的皮肤粘 连在一起。
　　4. 用宽松干净的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏是不可取的，因为这会阻 碍伤口散热，而且可能会引发感染。
　　5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍然可以呼吸。
　　6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，需要紧急把他/她送往医院。
A FIRST-AID STORY　一个急救故事
　　Chen Wei， a high school student in Beijing， had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant， Zhang Tao， was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red，
while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
　　北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐时被另一桌客人传来的尖叫声打断。餐馆里一个叫张涛 的男客人被牛排噎住了。他正按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正在拼命拍打他的 背部。
　　Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of
Zhang’s friends， he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then， standing behind Zhang，
Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out，and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later， an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
　　陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着 他（张涛）站了起来。接着，陈伟站到张涛的背后，实施海姆利希急救法。食物瞬间 被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，一辆救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检 查，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他（张涛）吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
　　Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse
and sometimes die， leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem， in 1974， an American doctor， Henry Heimlich， created the
Heimlich manoeuvre， saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich
manoeuvre is quick， practical， and easy. It is so easy， in fact， that almost anyone can learn how.
　　噎食者通常在大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至会死亡，等不到救护车的到 来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利·海姆利希发明了海姆利希急救法，挽救 了全世界成千上万人的生命。实施海姆利希急救法见效快、 实用且简便。事实上， 它非常容易操作，以至于几乎所有人都能学会。
　　If you see someone choking， first call the emergency services. Then， make sure that the victim is really choking： A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s
back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work， you can perform the
Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist.
Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly， push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
　　如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救服务（电话）。然后，确定此人确实是被 噎住了：人被噎住时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果这 种方法不奏效，那么你可以站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部实施海姆利希急救法。 一只手握拳，置于噎食者上腹部。 另一只手紧紧握住这个拳头，快速用力向上向内 挤压腹部。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。
　　Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended， as you
may hurt him. Instead， lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body， and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
　　不建议对小孩实施海姆利希急救法，因为你可能会伤到他。相反，应将孩子脸朝 下放在你的大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他再 次呼吸。
　　With choking victims， every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and
do nothing. Luckily， Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang
choking， he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident， “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing？ We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.”
　　对于噎食者，每一分钟都很重要。你不能只是站在旁边，什么也不做。幸运的 是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛被噎住，他保持冷静且反应迅速。后来，陈 伟谈起此事时说道：“我有什么理由坐在那里袖手旁观呢？大家都是人，我们都有责 任关心其他人的幸福。”
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1. technique n.技能；技术；技艺
These leaflets show effective techniques on how to deal with burns in our daily life.
这些传单展示了在我们日常生活中如何处理烧伤的有效技巧。
2. leaflet n.散页印刷品；传单；小册子
3. organ n.（人或动植物的）器官
4. toxin n.毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质）
5. ray n.光线；光束；（热、电等）射线
6. sense of touch触觉
7. radiation n.辐射；放射线
8. acid n.酸 adj.酸的；酸性的
9. millimetre （US millimeter）n.毫米；千分之一米
10. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
·minority n.少数；少数民族
11. layer n.层；表层；层次
12. electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的
·electric shock触电；电击
·electrical adj.与电有关的
·electricity n.电；电学
13. victim n.受害者；患者
The victims of the road accident urgently need to be rushed to hospital.
这场交通事故的受害者急需被送往医院。
14. swollen adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的
·swell vi.（swelled，swollen）膨胀；肿胀
15. blister n.（皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；（金属等表面的）气泡、水泡
16. underneath prep. & adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
17. nerve n.神经
·nervous adj.神经系统的；紧张的
·nervously adv.紧张地
Every nerve in my body was tense. Nervous and scared， I stood nervously there， with my face flushing.
我身体里的每一根神经都绷得紧紧的。既紧张又害怕，我紧张地站在那里，脸 涨得通红。
18. fabric n.织物；布料；（社会、机构等的）结构
19. loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的
·loosely adv.松散地；粗略地
·loosen vt.& vi.放松；（使）变松；松开
20. urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
·urgently adv.急切地；迫切地
·urge vt.力劝；敦促；竭力主张 n.强烈的愿望
·urgency n.紧迫；急迫
21. ease vi. & vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解 n.容易；舒适；自在
·feel at ease感到放松
with ease容易地
·easy adj.容易的
·easily adv.容易地；轻松地
22. paramedic n.急救医生；护理人员
23. swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下
24. wrap vt.包，裹；（用手臂等）围住
25. bathtub n.浴缸；浴盆
·bath n.洗澡 vt.（NAmE bathe）给……洗澡
·bathe vt.用水清洗（尤指身体部位）；给……洗澡；使沐浴（在光线/阳光里）
26. slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走 n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
When he slipped out of the classroom， a piece of slip dropped to the ground.
当他溜出教室时，一张纸条掉到了地上。
27. mosquito n.（pl.－oes，－os）蚊子
28. elderly adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的（婉辞）
29. carpet n.地毯
30. operator n.电话接线员；操作员
·operate v.操作；运转；动手术
·operation n.运转；操作；手术
31. ambulance n.救护车
32. delay vi. & vt.推迟；延期（做某事）vt.耽误；耽搁 n.延误；耽搁（的时间）； 推迟
33. needle n.针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
·IV needle静脉注射针
34. vital sign生命体征
35. ward n.病房
36. act as充当
37. prevent...from doing...阻止……做……
38. lead to导致
39. a variety of各种各样的
40. divide...into...把……分成……
41. depend on/upon取决于；依靠；依赖
42. apply...to...把……运用于……/将……涂抹于……
43. suffer from遭受……
Using Language & Other Parts
1. drown vi. & vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
2. sprain vt.扭伤（关节）n.扭伤
3. ankle n.踝；踝关节
4. bleeding n.流血；失血
·bleed vi.（bled，bled）流血；失血
·blood n.血液；血
5. panic vi. & vt.（panicked，panicked）（使）惊慌 n.惊恐；恐慌
“Tom， run！ The house is collapsing！” The mother screamed， with panic clearly in her voice. Tom panicked so much that he froze to the ground.
“汤姆，快跑！房子要塌了！”母亲尖叫着，声音里明显带着恐慌。汤姆如此惊慌以 至于他僵在了原地。
6. interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断
·interruption n.打扰；中断时间
7. scream vi. & vt.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊；大声叫 n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
She screamed at me and her scream panicked me into crying uncontrollably.
她朝我尖叫，她的尖叫声吓得我控制不住地哭了起来。
8. fellow adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
9. diner n.（尤指餐馆的）就餐者
10. choke vi. & vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽
“My son almost choked to death on a steak，” she said in a choked voice.
“我儿子差点被牛排噎死，”她哽咽着说。
11. steak n.牛排；肉排
12. throat n.咽喉；喉咙
13. desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
·desperately adv.绝望地；非常
·desperation n.绝望；拼命；不顾一切
Desperate and disappointed， I feel as if I were thrown into a world of darkness and in desperation， I desperately need your generous help.
既绝望又失望，我觉得自己像是被扔进了一个黑暗的世界，在绝望中，我非常需要你 的慷慨帮助。
14. slap vt.（用手掌）打、拍　n.（用手掌）打、拍；拍击声
15. help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
16. practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
·impractical adj.不明智的，不切实际的
·practice n.练习；实践；惯例
·practically adv.几乎；差不多；实际上
17. obstruction n.阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
18. fist n.拳；拳头
19. grab vt.抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺
20. tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地
·tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地
·tighten vt.& vi.（使）变紧；（使）加紧
On seeing the fierce wolf， my throat tightened and I grabbed my husband’s sleeve tightly.
看到那只凶猛的狼，我的喉咙发紧，我紧紧抓住丈夫的袖子。
21. motion n.运动；移动
22. face up/down面朝上（朝下）
23. justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
·justice n.正义；公正
24. welfare n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
25. collapse vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒
26. manual n.使用手册；说明书adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
27. sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
28. out of shape健康状况不好
I hadn’t been taking exercise for months and was literally out of shape.
我已经好几个月没锻炼了，身体状况真的不是很好。
29. foggy adj.有雾的
·fog n.雾
30. suburb n.郊区；城外
31. membership n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
·member n.成员；会员
32. with the help of在……的帮助下
33. make sure确认；确保
34. in fact事实上
35. stand by袖手旁观；支持；帮助
36. remain calm保持冷静
37. have a responsibility to do sth有责任做某事UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
[课文批注]
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”　约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
　　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a
British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness
causes severe diarrhoea， dehydration， and even death. In the early 19th century， when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one
knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous
doctor， and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
　　直到英国医生约翰·斯诺（向人们）展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病可引起严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾过她。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
　　In general， doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain
how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was
that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct， but he still needed proof.
Consequently， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
　　关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的理论来解析。一种理论是空气污染引发疾病。另一种是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。
　　Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died
had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）. However， some households （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They
had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow
suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much
that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.
Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention， the disease was stopped in its tracks.
　　斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者所住的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号以及40号住宅）。但是有些家庭（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。酒吧为他们提供免费的啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一个女人和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，她每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。基于这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。因此，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。
　　The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water
from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this
water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
　　真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水已经被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人更有可能染上霍乱。
　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However， cholera is still a problem. Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately， we now know how to
prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover， in his use of
maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this
reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
　　经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售干净的水，并且世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是一个问题。每年，全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为“现代流行病学之父”。
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE　中国航天之父
　　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and
served his homeland with effort， achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
　　也许再也没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。《钱学森的故事》 一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国，以努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务，钱学森是一位备受人们尊敬的人。
　　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful
air force to protect and defend the country.
　　钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森因为意识到中国需要强大的空军来保卫自己，所以决定转为航空专业。
　　Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
　　1935年，钱学森前往美国攻读研究生。在二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展了火箭推进方面的重要研究工作，并且在二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国国家航空航天局最重要的太空探索中心之一。
　　After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland
and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time， China was poor and its rocket
science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.
Nevertheless， Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things that
other people make.”
　　在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责太空和导弹项目。那时候，中国很贫穷而且火箭科学不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。当被问道“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”，他的回答十分坚定：“为什么不能？外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
　　Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles，
followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970， China
successfully launched its first man-made satellite， Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts can also be traced back to Qian’s research， Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
　　在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出了第一代“长征”火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可以追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。
　　Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable， especially in the area
of frontier science research. However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him
inspiration in his scientific research.
　　钱学森博览群书，知识极其渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、 富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力经常给他的科研工作带来灵感。
　　On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
　　2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT　一个纯思维的世界
　　Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair， unable to move
and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought.
　　史蒂芬· 霍金是物理学界最负盛名、 最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都对他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、 只能通过电脑来说话的形象很熟悉。因为他得了一种使他无法运用大部分肌肉的疾病，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
　　Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general， there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state
theory， which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle， a
professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of
Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a
mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected， it showed that the big bang
theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
　　霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学的物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大主要理论。第一种是稳态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。另一种是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个单点。稳态理论的最大支持者是剑桥大学的弗雷德· 霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站起来指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，证实了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
　　So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ Besides being brilliant， he
was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to
say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore， he was quite determined. This had helped him as a
scientist， and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all， Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of
characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
　　那么，是什么使史蒂芬· 霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。这帮助他成为一名科学家，还帮助他与病魔作斗争。 最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1.cholera n.霍乱
2.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
·severely adv.严重地；严厉地
3.diarrhoea （NAmE diarrhea）n.腹泻
4.dehydration n.脱水
5.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
·frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧
·frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
·frustration n.懊丧；懊恼
6.attend to 关怀；照料；处理
7.once and for all最终地；彻底地
It is essential for us to handle the problem once and for all； otherwise，we would be caught in a dilemma.
我们有必要一劳永逸地解决这个问题，否则我们会陷入困境。
8.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
9.infection n.感染；传染
·infect vt.使感染；传染
·infectious adj.感染的；传染性的；有感染力的
10.germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌
11.subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
·subscribe to同意；赞同
·subscription n.订阅；订阅费
·subscriber n.订阅者；订户；订购人
12.proof n.证据；证明；检验
·prove vt.证明；证明是
13.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
·multiply vi.& vt.乘；乘以；繁殖
14.pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒
·water pump水泵
Water pumps are banned from pumping waste water into nearby rivers； otherwise， these pumps would be removed immediately.
禁止水泵将废水排到附近的河流中，否则这些水泵将被立即拆除。
15.household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人
16.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
·suspect sb of doing sth怀疑某人做某事
suspect that...怀疑……
17.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
·be to blame （for sth）（对某事）负有责任；应受责备
blame sb for （doing） sth因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth on sb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事
18.handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等）
19.intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
·intervene vi.干预；介入
20.link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
·link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来
21.raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
22.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
·purely adv.完全地；纯粹地
·purify vt.净化；使……洁净
23.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
·substance n.物质；物品；事实；根据
24.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
·decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
·on the decrease正在减少
on the increase正在增加
25.thanks to幸亏；由于
Thanks to John’s kindness and generosity， Bernard could make some money by selling popcorn to support his family.
多亏了约翰的善良和慷慨，伯纳德才能通过卖爆米花赚钱养家。
26.statistic n.[pl.－s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
Substantial statistics show that 50％ of new businesses fail in their first years.
大量的统计数据显示，50％的新企业在第一年就倒闭了。
27.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
·transformation n.（彻底的）变化；转变；变革
·transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的
28.epidemiology n.流行病学
29.microscope n.显微镜
30.thinking n.思想；思维；见解
To handle the urgent matter once and for all， I had to do some quick thinking.
为了一劳永逸地处理这个紧急事件，我必须迅速思考一下。
31.protein n.蛋白质
32.cell n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房
33.virus n.病毒
34.more than多于；不仅仅；非常
35.as a result of由于；因为
36.be determined to do sth下定决心做某事
37.be likely to do sth有可能去做某事
38.die from死于
39.in general一般来说
Using Language & Other Parts
1.finding n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决
·find （found，found） vt.发现
2.initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
·initially adv.起初；最初
·initiate vt.开始实施；发起
3.vaccine n.疫苗
4.framework n.框架；结构
·theoretical framework理论框架
5.solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体
6.cast vt.（cast， cast）投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
·cast a（comforting/welcoming/meaningful） look/glance/smile at...向……投以（安慰的/欢迎的/意味深长的）视线/一瞥/笑容
cast a gloom over使……忧郁/情绪低落
7.shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处
8.rainbow n.彩虹
9.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
10.concrete n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
He doesn’t offer concrete historical background to support his arguments， so he can’t shift others’ initial opinions.
他没有提供具体的历史背景来支持他的论点，所以他无法改变别人最初的观点。
11.plasma n.血浆
12.aerospace n.航空航天工业
13.patriotic adj.爱国的
14.mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
·mechanic n.机械师；机械修理工
·mechanism n.机械装置
15.break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
·break away from脱离/挣脱……
break down出故障；坏掉；失败；（身体等）垮掉；消除
break in插话；破门而入
break into强行闯入；开始
break up打碎；结束；（关系等）破裂
16.aviation n.航空制造业；航空；飞行
17.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
·defend... against/from（doing...）保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫
·defence （defense） n.防御；保卫
in defence （of...）保护；为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边
18.jet n.喷气式飞机
19.assistant n.助理；助手
·assist vt.帮助；协助
·assistance n.帮助；协助；援助
20.in charge of主管；掌管
·in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管
take charge of负责/掌控/掌管
free of charge免费
·charge （sb） for sth为……（向某人）收费/要价
charge sb with （doing） sth指控某人（做）某事
21.missile n.导弹
22.leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
·leader n.领导
·lead v.引路；引领；导致；处于领先地位
23.trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
·be traced back to追溯到
Her book traces the country’s history from ancient times to the present day and by reading it， we can discover traces of earlier civilisations.
她的书追溯了这个国家从古到今的历史，通过阅读这本书，我们可以发现早期文明的痕迹。
24.outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
25.gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
·gift n.礼物；天赋；天资
·be gifted in/have a gift for有……的天赋
e down with患（病）；染上（小病）
·come across（偶然）遇见；碰见；（给人）留下印象
come about发生（无被动形式）
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；（花）开放
when it comes to...当谈及……
come up走近；上来；被提及
come up with sth拿出（钱款）；提出某事（物）
27.abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要
He is making an abstract of a science book which contains a large number of abstract concepts.
他正在为一本包含许多抽象概念的科学书籍做摘要。
28.steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
·steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地
29.concept n.概念；观念
30.astronomer n.天文学家
·astronomy n.天文学
31.besides prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且；此外
·except prep.除……之外（从整体中减除部分）
except for除……之外（从整体说明作细节修正）
·apart from＝besides除了……（还）
32.furthermore adv.此外；再者
Furthermore，it is your frequent encouragement and positive attitudes towards life that guide me out of low spirits.
此外，是您经常的鼓励和积极的生活态度引导我走出低落的情绪。
33.above all最重要的是；尤其是
·at all根本（常用于否定句和疑问句）
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先（强调顺序）
in all 一共；总计
all in all总的来说
34.fault n.弱点；过错
·at fault有责任；有错
find fault （with）找茬；抱怨；挑剔
35.shift n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
36.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
·vividly adv.生动地
37.have a（n）... impact on对……有……影响
38.discourage sb from doing sth劝阻某人做某事
39.take on the challenge接受挑战
40.under one’s leadership在某人的领导下
41.be familiar with对……熟悉
UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
[课文批注]
“WELCOME， XIE LEI！” BUSINESS STUDENT
BUILDING BRIDGES　“欢迎你，谢蕾！”商科学生搭建（文化交流的）桥梁
　　Six months ago， 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and
friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left
China. “I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled.
　　六个月前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机。这是她第一次离开中国。“我很激动，但也很紧张。我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。
　　Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and
has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve
my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation，” she explained.
　　谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。“我之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。
　　At first， Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life，” she said. “I had to learn how to use public
transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I
got lost， I had to ask passers-by for help， but people here speak fast and use
words I’m not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot！”
　　起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活。“你必须习惯一种全新的生活。” 她说，“我不得不学会如何使用公共交通工具，并学会如何要到我不知道英文名称的东西。迷路时，我不得不向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话的语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。我会请求他们重复很多遍！”
　　Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation， Xie Lei
chose to live with a host family， who can help with her adaptation to the new
culture. “When I miss home， I feel comforted to have a second family，” Xie
Lei said. “When there’s something I don’t know or understand， I can ask them.
They are also keen to learn about China. Laura， the daughter of my host family， wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs！ Laura says she always feels hungry
when she smells it， so I taught her how to cook it， too.”
　　虽然一些留学生住在学校宿舍里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭里，寄宿家庭（里的人）可以帮助她适应新的文化。“有了第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。” 谢蕾说，“当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以询问他们。他们也渴望了解中国。 我所在的寄宿家庭的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学。我们每晚轮流做饭。他们真的很爱吃我做的番茄炒蛋！劳拉说每次闻到它（的香味），她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我也教她如何做这道菜。”
　　Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay， her tutor explained that she must acknowledge
what other people had said if she cited their ideas， but that he mainly wanted to
know what she thought！Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form
a wise opinion of her own.
　　谢蕾面临的另一项挑战是学业要求。当她第一次写论文时，她的导师解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的想法！谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。她的导师建议她广泛阅读资料，以便形成一种自己的睿智的观点。
　　Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas， offer examples， apply concepts， and raise questions， as well as give presentations. At first， Xie Lei
had no idea what she should say， but what surprised her was that she found
herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. “My presentation on
traditional Chinese art was a great success， which boosted my confidence，”
she said. “I’ll use these skills back home for presentations. They’ll help me build a strong business in the future.”
　　谢蕾还发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。学生需要产生想法、 提供例子、 运用概念、 提出问题并且还要进行陈述。刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间后，她发现自己能在课堂上大声发言了。“我对于中国传统艺术的展示非常成功，这提升了我的自信心。” 她说。 “回国后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中。 它们将帮助我在未来打造一家强大的企业。”
　　Now halfway through her exchange year， Xie Lei feels much more at
home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
“Engaging in British culture has helped，” she said. “As well as studying
hard， I’ve been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our
culture and eager to learn more about it， so I’m keen to share my culture with
them. While I’m learning about business， I’m also acting as a cultural messenger
building a bridge between us.”
　　一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分正常。“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。” 她说，“努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。英国人对我们的文化十分着迷并且渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也渴望和他们分享我的文化。攻读商科的同时，我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起了一座桥梁。”
　　We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions， but for now， we
wish her all the best.
　　我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利。
STUDYING ABROAD： IS IT A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA？
留学：好主意还是坏主意？
Dear Editor，　亲爱的编辑：
　　In the past few decades， there has been a dramatic increase in the number of
people studying abroad. Although studying abroad can bring great benefits， I think the disadvantages for young people are greater.
　　在过去的几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益，但是我认为留学对年轻人来说弊大于利。
　　To begin with， many students who study abroad face great economic
pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition
fees and living expenses are much higher than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.
　　首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力。那就意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。（国外的）学费和生活费比国内贵多了，大部分家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。
　　Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes
with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar
environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. In addition， different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.
　　需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会用有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活。在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应付各种挑战，因而感到苦闷。一些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教学方法对很多学生来说可能是一种冲击。
　　A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential
benefits， young people who study in China also have a great future to look
forward to！ As China has boomed， the educational environment has improved significantly， with many great universities now available. They have great facilities and outstanding professors， helping to educate young people who will
contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.
　　最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学确定有潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已经大为改观，优质大学现在比比皆是。它们（这些高校）拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，帮助培养为经济作贡献和进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
　　To sum up， one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its
disadvantages， so when you think about studying abroad， you should consider these many factors.
　　总之，我们无法否认的事实是出国留学有其弊端，因此当你考虑去海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。
Kind regards，　谨致问候！
Wang Li（mother of twin girls）　王丽（一对双胞胎女孩的母亲）
Dear Editor，　亲爱的编辑：
　　Is studying abroad a good idea or not？ There are certainly disadvantages，
but in my opinion， the advantages are much greater. As I always tell my son，
there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave， optimistic， and willing to work hard！
　　留学是一个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。正如我时常告诫儿子的那样，对勇敢、 乐观、 愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！
　　The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth. The education
you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. For example， you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to
gain a global perspective and improve your general competence.
　　留学的第一个好处是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升你的综合能力。
　　Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese
students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.
International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from
different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
　　另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华的外国留学生也会带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界，从而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
　　Finally， studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China’s global outlook， with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative， has helped us make connections across the world. Therefore， China needs more talented young people with a global perspective
who are highly competent with languages， have leadership and organisational
skills， and have strong cultural awareness. Students who study abroad will
develop such skills and abilities， and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities.
　　最后，留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有才能、 有国际视野、 语言能力极强、具有领导力和组织能力、 拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学生能够培养这些技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。
　　All in all， studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile， and I
hope my child will study abroad in the future.
　　总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造性格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，打造人类命运共同体。我认为这段改变人生的经历肯定是值得的，我希望我的孩子将来能出国留学。
Sincerely yours，　敬上！
Zhang Yi（father of one boy）　张毅（一个男孩的父亲）
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1.complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的
·complexity n.复杂性；错综复杂
2.recall vi. & vt.记起；回想起
I can clearly recall the happy time we spent together at China-Ireland Cultural Festival two years ago.
我能清楚地回想起两年前我们在中国—爱尔兰文化节上度过的快乐时光。
3.qualification n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历
·have qualifications for sth/to do sth有……/做某事的资格
·qualify vt.& vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格
qualify sb for...使某人具备……的资格
·qualified adj.有资格的；合格的
be qualified for...能胜任……
4.ambition n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负
·one’s ambition is to do...某人的目标是……
·ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的
5.adaptation n.适应；改编本
·make an adaptation to适应……
·adapt vt.适应；改编
adapt to适应……；适合……
adapt oneself to...使自己适应……
adapt...from...for...把……从……改编成……
·adaptable adj.能适应的，适应性强的
6.comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰
·comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的
·uncomfortable adj.不舒适的；不舒服的
·comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
7.tutor n.（英国大学中的）助教；导师；家庭教师
My tutor provided me with substantial raw statistics，which helped me analyse the severe problem.
我的导师给我提供了大量的原始数据，帮助我分析这个严重的问题。
8.cite vt.引用；引述
9.participation n.参加；参与
·participate vi.参加；参与
participate in参加；参与
·participant n.参与者
10.presentation n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
·present n.现在，目前；礼物，礼品 vt.把……交给；颁发；提交；展现adj.现在的；目前的；出席的
·present sth to sb ＝present sb with sth授予/颁发某人某物；把某物授予/颁发给某人
·at the present time（＝at present）目前；现在
for the present目前；暂时
be present出席
11.speak up大声点说；明确表态
Above all， you’d better speak up if you have a different way to handle the dilemma once and for all.
首先，如果你有不同的方法来一劳永逸地处理这个困境，你最好明确说出来。
12.feel at home舒服自在；不拘束
As far as I am concerned， he is gifted in making people feel at home.
在我看来，他有使人感到自在的天赋。
13.engage vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）
·engage in （使）从事；参与
·engaged adj.已订婚的；被占用的；忙于
be engaged in/on从事于；忙于
·engagement n.订婚；婚约；约会
14.involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加
·involved adj.参与的；投入的
get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联
·involvement n.参与；卷入；牵连
15.messenger n.送信人；信使
16.edition n.（报纸、杂志）一份；（广播、电视节目）一期、一辑；版次
·edit v.编辑
·editor n.主编；编辑
17.culture shock文化冲击
18.zone n.（有别于周围的）地区；地带；区域
·comfort zone舒适区；舒适范围
If you walk out of your comfort zone， what you get will be beyond your expectations.
如果你走出舒适区，你所得到的将会超出你的预期。
19.overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的
·overwhelm vt.（常用于被动语态）使难以承受；使应接不暇；压倒
20.homesickness n.思乡病；乡愁
·homesick adj.想家的；思乡的
21.motivated adj.积极的；主动的
·motivation n.动力；积极性；动机
·motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励
22.advisor n.（also adviser）顾问
·advise vi. & vt.劝告；建议
·advice n.忠告；建议
23.reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的
·unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的
·reasonably adv.合情合理地；公平合理地；适度地
24.expectation n.期望；预期；期待
·expect vt.期待；期望；预计
·unexpected adj.出乎意料的
·unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地；意外地
25.applicant n.申请人
·apply v.申请；运用；适用；涂；敷
apply to sb for sth向某人申请得到某物
apply A to B把A应用于/涂抹于B
apply to sb/sth适用于某人/某物
apply oneself to （doing） sth专注于（做）某事；集中精力于（做）某事
apply to do sth申请做某事
·application n.申请；申请表；申请书；运用；使用
fill in/out an application填写申请表
26.firm n.公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的
·firmly adv.坚定地；牢固地
27.exposure n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露
·expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验……
·exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；易受攻击的
be exposed to暴露于；接触
28.insight n.洞察力；眼光
29.departure n.离开；启程；出发
·depart v.离开；启程；出发
30.get used to习惯于
31.take turns to do sth轮流做某事
32.share...with...和……分享……
33.choose to do sth选择做某事
Using Language & Other Parts
1.setting n.环境；背景；（小说等的）情节背景
2.grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧
3.dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧（般）的
·dramatically adv.剧烈地；戏剧性地；引人注目地
·drama n.戏剧
4.expense n.费用；花费；开销
·at the expense of以……为代价
5.cost an arm and a leg（使）花一大笔钱
6.tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的
7.behave vt.表现vi. & vt.表现得体；有礼貌
·behave oneself守规矩；举止得体
well-behaved adj.表现好的
badly-behaved adj.表现差的
·behaviour/behavior n.行为；举止；表现
8.surroundings n.[pl.]环境；周围的事物
·surrounding adj.周围的；附近的
·surround vt.围绕；环绕；包围
surround...with/by...使……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
9.mature adj.成熟的
·maturity n.成熟
10.depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
·depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁
·depressing adj.令人沮丧的
·depression n.抑郁；萧条期
11.boom vi.& n.迅速发展；繁荣
12.strengthen vi. & vt.加强；增强；巩固
·strong adj.强壮的；强大的
·strength n.体力；力气；力量；强度；优点；长处
13.deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
·deny （doing） sth否定/否认（做）某事
There is no denying that...无可否认……
No one can deny the fact that...……的事实无可否认。
14.optimistic adj.乐观的
·optimist n.乐观主义者
·optimism n.乐观主义
15.gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加 n.好处；增加
Because of his hard work， he finally gained qualifications for being a teacher. Just as an old saying goes， “No pain， no gain.”
由于他的努力，他终于获得了当教师的资格。正如一句老话所说：“一分耕耘，一分收获。”
16.perspective n.（思考问题的）角度；观点
petence n.能力；胜任；本领
·competent adj.有能力的；称职的
18.envoy n.使者；使节；代表
19.cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合
·cooperative adj.合作的；协作的
·cooperation n.合作；配合
20.angle n.角；角度；立场
The school advisor strongly recommends that I should look at the severe issue from a different angle.
学校的顾问强烈建议我从不同的角度看待这个严重的问题。
21.outlook n.前景；可能性；观点
22.belt n.腰带；地带
23.initiative n.倡议；新方案
No one can deny the fact that the Belt and Road Initiative can strengthen many countries’ cooperation.
没有人能否认，“一带一路”倡议可以加强许多国家的合作。
24.sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
·sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的
·sincerity n.真诚；诚挚
25.budget n.预算
26.side with支持；站在……的一边
27.logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的
·logically adv.合乎逻辑地
·illogical adj.不合乎逻辑的；不合理的
·logic n.逻辑（学）；道理
28.as far as I know据我所知
·as far as I am concerned就我而言；依我看来
29.in summary总的来说；总之
30.generally speaking/in general一般来说
31.outcome n.结果；效果
32.break down出毛病；失败；破裂；分解；消除；情不自禁地哭起来
33.end up doing sth最终会做某事；以做某事而告终
34.contribute to有助于，导致；促成
35.cooperate with和……合作
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
[课文批注]
CULTURE AND CUISINE　文化与美食
　　The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote， “Tell me
what you eat， and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply， this means
“You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However， Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality， character， and culture.
　　法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚－萨瓦兰曾写道： “告诉我你（平时）吃什么，我就可以说出你是什么样的人。”更简单地说，这意味着“人如其食”。如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚－萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、 性格以及文化。
　　Certainly， in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in
point. Prior to coming to China， my only experience with Chinese cooking was
in America， with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example， America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，
which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce， flavoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe， however， so it
cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand， it does tell us a lot
about Americans. It tells us， for example， that Americans love bold， simple
flavours. And， since the dish was also invented recently， it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
　　当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是一个恰当的例子。在来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已经被改变，以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，然后用红辣椒调味制成的。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此它并不能让我们对中国人了解多少。另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人有了很多的了解。例如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱大胆、 简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明的，这就告诉我们美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。
　　Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to
China. When my family and I had just arrived in China， we went looking for a
good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by
a friend， and finally， we found it. Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of
Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table
with the best food we had ever eaten. With this， we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste： Sichuan peppercorns. The food was
wonderful and different， but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
　　后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝了地道的中国食物。当我与家人刚刚抵达中国时，我们便在北京找了一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，我们不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的食物。于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：花椒。食物很美味并且与众不同，但更重要的是我们所获得的友谊。
　　We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.
My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that
family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of
the people in North China， where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later，
I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
　　不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的煮熟的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已经成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物，在那里包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。后来，我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
　　Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and
Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
As a result， their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—
usually boiled or roasted meat， such as lamb kebab.
　　随后，我们又到了北疆。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，这些人们会骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物都是在篝火上烹制而成的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如，烤羊肉串。
　　Our travels then took us to South China， and then on to central China. In
each place we went， we experienced wonderful local dishes， from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional
stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However， one thing is always true： Through food， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
　　接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中地区。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食，从广东的精美点心——放在竹蒸笼里的小份食物，到河南独特的烩面。所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过食物表达友情与善意。
　　At a minimum， the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they
grow in their region， what kinds of lives they lead， and what they like and do
not like. Could we also say， for example， that those who like bold flavours are
bold themselves？ Or， that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper？
Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say， however， is that culture and cuisine go
hand in hand， and if you do not experience one， you can never really know the other.
　　当地人吃的食物种类至少能告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。例如，我们是否也能这样说，那些喜欢重口味的人性格大胆自信？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气暴躁？也许是，也许不是。然而，我们可以说的是，文化和美食是密切相关的，如果你没有体验过其中一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。
HEALTHY EATING　健康饮食
　　There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example， scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty
food. However， there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food， as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of
Americans. And in America， people who receive 25％ of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who
receive less than 10％ a day （Journal of the American Medical Association，
2014）. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put
more simply， while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is
dangerous， we already know that sugar is a killer.
　　现今，关于何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直坚持认为健康的一大敌人是高脂食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不健康的真正因素并非高脂食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍（《美国医学会杂志》，2014年）。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。更简单地说，当人们还在为高脂食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分才是（健康）杀手。
　　Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100—150
calories a day from sugar， which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words， if you want to be healthy， you have to cut down on desserts， and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
　　多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖分摄入量控制在100至150卡路里以内，即少于一听甜饮料或一根棒棒糖中通常所含的糖分。换言之，如果你想保持健康，你就必须少吃甜点并完全戒掉甜饮料。
　　Beyond this， you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of
fresh foods， especially fruit and vegetables， which are full of vitamins and
fibre， rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition，
and have higher quantities of sugar， salt， and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides
this， it is also important to have some meat， beans， or dairy products in your
diet， as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
As with everything in life， moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one， without too much or too little of any one thing.
　　除此以外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和膳食纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品来保持健康。加工食品通常含有较少的营养，比新鲜食材含有更多的糖分、盐分和脂肪。此外，在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、 豆类或乳制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强健骨骼和肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事皆如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。
　　Finally， a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about
twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that
you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating
too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better， and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition， studies show that consistent eating habits， for example， taking three
meals a day at the same time each day， are better for our health. It is also better
to eat a modest amount of food each time， rather than to eat a lot in one meal， and then a little in the next.
　　最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物，让你更充分地享受食物。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。而且最好每次摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃得很多，下一餐吃得很少。
　　There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather， healthy eating starts with
having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is， “Do I eat to live， or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly for nutrition， then you are on the right track with your diet. However， if food has become the centre of your life， you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to
decide how you want to live， and to make the right decisions about your diet.
　　健康饮食没有诀窍。更确切地说，健康饮食始于拥有一种健康的饮食态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？” 如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路。然而，如果食物已经成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已经踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食决定，这取决于你自己。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1.cuisine n.菜肴；风味；烹饪
2.prior adj.先前的；优先的
·prior to在……之前的
·priority n.优先事项；优先权
In summary， prior to travelling abroad， learning about a foreign country’s traditions and customs is a top priority.
总之，在出国旅行之前，了解外国的传统和习俗是首要任务。
3.consist vi.组成，构成；存在（于）
·consist of＝ be made up of＝be composed of＝be comprised of由……组成（或构成）
consist in在于；存在于
consist with与……一致；相符
·consistent adj.一致的；连续的
be consistent with与……一致
·consistently adv.始终如一地；一贯地
·consistency n.一致性；连贯性
4.pepper n.甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
5.recipe n.烹饪法；食谱
6.bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
7.chef n.厨师；主厨
8.peppercorn n.胡椒粒
9.vinegar n.醋
10.stuff vt.填满；把……塞进 n.东西；物品
11.slice n.（切下的食物）薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
·slice...off切下
12.onion n.洋葱；葱头
13.lamb n.羊羔肉；羔羊
·lamb kebab烤羊肉串
14.elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的
·elegantly adv.优雅地
·elegance n.优雅；优美
The elegant lady dresses herself elegantly on a daily basis and those around her admire her elegance and beauty.
这位优雅的女士每天都很精致地打扮自己，周围的人都羡慕她的优雅和美丽。
15.dim sum n.点心（中国食品）
16.exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的
·except prep.除……外
·exception n.例外
·exceptionally adv.极其；非常
He has exceptional competence to play the piano exceptionally well.
他有非凡的能力，钢琴弹得特别好。
17.minimum adj.最低（限度）的；最小的 n.最小值；最少量
18.consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
·consumer n.消费者；用户；客户
·consumption n.消费；消耗
19.temper n.脾气；火气
·good－/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/不好的
20.vegetarian n.素食者
21.junk n.无用的东西
·junk food垃圾食品
22.garlic n.蒜
23.bacon n.熏猪肉；咸肉
24.ham n.火腿
25.sausage n.香肠；腊肠
26.cabbage n.甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
27.bean curd n.（＝tofu）豆腐
28.brand n.品牌
29.olive n.油橄榄；橄榄树
30.fig n.无花果
31.ingredient n.（尤指烹饪）材料；成分
32.dessert n.（饭后）甜点
33.dough n.生面团
34.stable adj.稳定的；稳重的
·unstable adj.不稳固的；不稳定的
·stability n.稳定（性）；固定（性）
35.refer to查阅；参考；谈到；涉及；指的是
Only after I referred to a dictionary did I know that the word “category” refers to “type”.
直到查了词典，我才知道“category”这个词指的是“种类”。
36.in point恰当的；相关的
37.suit one’s tastes适合某人的口味
38.on the other hand另一方面
39.make dumplings包水饺
40.at a minimum至少
41.go hand in hand密切相关；齐头并进
Using Language & Other Parts
1.canteen n.食堂；餐厅
2.cafeteria n.自助餐厅；自助食堂
3.bun n.圆面包；小圆甜饼
4.chilli （NAmE chili） n. [pl.－es]辣椒
5.pork n.猪肉
·red braised pork红烧肉
6.pearl n.珍珠
7.somewhat adv.有点；稍微
The situation has somewhat improved， which is beyond our expectations.
情况有所好转，这出乎我们的意料。
8.madam n.夫人；女士
9.calorie n.卡路里（热量单位）
10.association n.协会；关联
·associate vt.把……联系起来；联想；联系 vi.交往 adj.副的 n.同事；伙伴
associate with...和……交往；和……结交
associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
·associated adj.有关的；有联系的
be associated with...与……有关
·in association with...与……合作；与……有关联
As far as the associate editor is concerned， he should work in association with the famous local artists.
副编辑认为他应该与当地著名的艺术家合作。
Some people associate classical music with old people， but actually， classical music is also associated with the young.
有些人把古典音乐和老年人联系在一起，但实际上，古典音乐也和年轻人有关。
11.regardless adv.不顾；不加理会
·regardless of不管；不顾
She is determined to live up to her parents’ expectations regardless of what the future holds.
她决心不辜负父母的期望，不管未来如何。
12.category n.类别；种类
13.vitamin n.维生素
14.fibre（especially US fiber）n.纤维；纤维制品
15.quantity n.数量；数额
·a large/small quantity of大量的/少量的
·quantities of大量的；许多的
·in quantity/in large quantities大量（地）
16.dairy adj.奶制的；乳品（业）的 n.乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
17.moderation n.适度；合理
·moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的
18.ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n.理想；完美的人（或事物）
19.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n.基本规律；根本法则
20.chew vi. & vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n.咀嚼
21.consistent adj.一致的；连续的
22.modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的
·modesty n.谦虚，谦逊
23.trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.欺骗；欺诈
·trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事
·play tricks/a trick on sb＝play jokes/a joke on sb＝make fun of sb捉弄某人；开某人的玩笑
the trick of/to...……的窍门
·tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的；狡猾的
What annoys me is that those around me are always playing tricks on me， so I wonder if you could inform me of some tricks of solving this tricky problem.
让我恼火的是，我周围的人总是捉弄我，所以我想知道你是否可以告诉我一些解决这个棘手问题的窍门。
24.overall adv.总体上；大致上 adj.全面的；综合的
Overall， this is a very useful book which offers an overall view of some complex problems we humans are facing.
总的来说，这是一本非常有用的书，它提供了我们人类所面临的一些复杂问题的全局视角。
25.as to sth关于某事
26.make up组成；构成
Regardless of the fact that ups and downs make up our life，we should maintain an enthusiastic attitude.
尽管人生的道路充满起伏，我们仍应该保持积极向上的态度。
27.limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
28.in other words换言之；也就是说
29.cut down on减少
If you cut down on fatty foods， you can achieve your ambition to lose weight.
如果你少吃高脂肪食物，你就能实现减肥的愿望。
30.rather than而不是
You’d better speak up your inner anger rather than bottle it up.
你最好把你内心的愤怒说出来，而不是憋在心里。
31.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
Without permission， our school doesn’t allow us to do experiments in the school laboratory.
未经许可，我们不被允许在学校实验室做实验。
32.start with以……开始
His speech started with citing a famous proverb， which instantly drew the attention of the audience.
他的演讲开场引用了一句著名的谚语，这立即引起了听众的注意。
33.be up to sb由某人决定
It is up to you to decide whether or not you grasp the present opportunity to strengthen your overall competence.
是否抓住当前的机会去提升你的综合能力，这完全取决于你自己。
UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
[课文批注]
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
通过铁路看真正的北方：温哥华和加拿大的腹地
　　Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in
Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way， they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them， the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
　　李黛予和她的表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表亲。她们决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商业航班。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。
　　Before starting out， they spent a couple of days in Vancouver， seeing the
sights. During their first day， as is typical of Vancouver， it rained. Despite the weather， they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay， and later visit an
island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear
and mild， and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later， they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away.
　　出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天温哥华一如往常下雨。尽管天气不佳，她们仍然能泛舟驶入海湾，随后游览了一座岛屿，岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。第二天天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山，俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欢喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意。
　　The next morning， the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake
Louise， passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the
station， they took a taxi to Lake Louise， where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night， and then took a
coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery， they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they
had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests， one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures， including deer， mountain goats， and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
　　次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。从车窗向外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。当火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们经历过的最棒的旅行。除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，她们的旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有一头灰熊和一只老鹰。
　　From Jasper， they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train’s
first stops was in Edmonton， the provincial capital of Alberta， the centre of Canada’s huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，
with daily temperatures averaging －10℃. Since it can be too cold to go
outdoors， Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. In fact， one of the
largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.
　　她们从贾斯珀坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的前几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，它是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业的中心。埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥有众多大型购物中心。事实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。
　　From Edmonton， the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school， Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada’s population is
only slightly over thirty-seven million. However， they did not anticipate seeing
such an open country， and were truly amazed. They went through two wheat-
growing provinces， where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
　　火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过 3 700 万。但两人还是未曾料到能看到如此辽阔的国度，着实感到惊讶。她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，在那里看到一片片广阔的农场。
　　After another day on the train， eventually they were back in an urban area，
the city of Winnipeg. From there， they travelled through the night， and woke up in Ontario—a land of forests and lakes. The train thundered on， through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red， gold，
and orange， and there was frost on the ground， confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again， and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtains， they
could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on
Ontario’s southern border. It was not until 9：30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario， Toronto. All in all， their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
　　她们在火车上又度过了一天，最终回到了都市区域——温尼伯市。她们从该市出发，连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时火车已经抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省。火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、 金色和橘黄色，地面上覆盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车向南开往多伦多。次日清晨，当她们醒来并拉开车窗窗帘时，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘，休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。直到上午九点半，她们才终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
TORONTO AND MONTREAL　通过铁路看真正的北方：多伦多和蒙特利尔
　　After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest
city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the
next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. They went up
the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance， they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara
Falls， which is on the south side of the lake. Water from the lakes flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.
　　李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、 最富有的城市多伦多之后，她们仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。她们登上加拿大国家电视塔，眺望安大略湖畔。站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。湖水流入尼亚加拉河，越过尼亚加拉瀑布，最终汇入大海。
　　The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel， and old-fashioned cars rolling by. As they walked north from the harbour area， Li Daiyu said，
“Lin Fei， one of my mother’s old schoolmates， lives here. I should phone her
and see if she’s available for dinner.”
　　两个女孩看到很多玻璃和钢筋建造的摩天大楼，还有老式汽车驶过。当她们离开港口区向北走时，李黛予说：“我妈妈的一个老同学林菲住在这里。我应该给她打个电话，看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。”
　　They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown
Chinatown. The cousins chatted with Lin Fei， who had moved to Canada many years earlier.
　　黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐。林菲多年前就来到加拿大生活，表姐妹俩与她畅聊了一番。
　　“This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto. We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area， so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada！ Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. Therefore， we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China，” Lin Fei told them.
　　“这是多伦多最大的唐人街。大多伦多地区还有几个唐人街，所以你们可以猜到加拿大有很多中国人！一百多年来，不断有中国人来到这里。因此，我们在这里能吃到中国各地的各种美食。”林菲告诉她们。
　　The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station， in contrast to Toronto， they heard people talking in French. They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.
　　火车于当天深夜出发，次日一早抵达蒙特利尔。在火车站她们听见人们用法语交谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明的对比。两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。
　　“We don’t leave until this evening，” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.”
　　“我们要到傍晚才动身。”刘倩说，“咱们去市区逛逛吧。蒙特利尔老城区就在河边”。
　　They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River， a young man sat down with them.
　　她们花了整个下午穿梭于一家家漂亮的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的艺术家们。当两人坐在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河边上的一家餐馆里时，一位年轻人坐到了她们的身边。
　　“Hello， my name is Jean-Philippe. I’m a photographer，” he said，
“and I was wondering where you are from.”
　　“你们好，我叫让－菲利普，是一名摄影师。”他说道，“我想知道你们从哪里来？”
　　The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada. When they told him they had only one day in Montreal， he said，
“That’s too bad. You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. Overall， Montreal is a
city with wonderful sights and sounds. Most of us speak both English and
French， and the city has unique Quebec culture and traditions. There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around， too. Here， we love good coffee， toast， and cheese. And good music， of course！”
　　女孩们告诉他她们来自中国，并且正在进行横跨加拿大的火车之旅。得知她们只能在蒙特利尔逗留一天时，他说道：“那太可惜了。 你们应该多待几天。总的来说，蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市。我们大多数人既说英语也说法语，而且这座城市拥有独特的魁北克文化和传统。这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。在这里，我们酷爱美味的咖啡、 吐司和奶酪。当然，还有动听的音乐！”
　　That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city， Halifax. The cousins dreamt happily of the beautiful cobblestone streets， old brick buildings， and the red maple leaves of Montreal.
　　当晚，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河向圣劳伦斯湾疾驰而去，经过远方的东海岸，驶向新斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯。在梦乡中，表姐妺俩愉快地梦到了蒙特利尔美丽的鹅卵石街道、古老的砖砌建筑和鲜红的枫叶。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1.airline n.航空公司
2.bay n.（海或湖的）湾
3.craft n.手艺；工艺；技艺
4.antique n.古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的
5.pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
·pleasing adj.令人愉快的
·please vt.（使）高兴；（使）满意
·pleased adj.高兴的；满意的
·pleasure n.快乐；乐趣
6.arise vi.（arose，arisen）起身；出现；由……引起
Our monitor arose from his seat and began to speak up his opinions on how to handle the conflict that arose from mutual misunderstanding.
我们班长从座位上站起来，开始就如何处理由于相互误解而引起的冲突发表他的看法。
7.massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
·mass n.团；堆；许多；大量
8.literally adv.字面上；真正地
9.breath n.呼吸的空气
·take sb’s breath away令人惊叹
hold/catch one’s breath屏住呼吸/喘口气
out of breath气喘吁吁；喘不过气
take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
lose one’s breath喘不过气来
·breathe v.呼吸
Someone who breathed heavily was approaching me and I held my breath， not daring to move an inch.
有人喘着粗气向我走来，我屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。
The old man’s splendid craft literally took my breath away.
这位老人精湛的手艺简直使我惊叹。
10.bound adj.准备前往（某地）；一定会
We intend to be bound for the beautiful(共40张PPT)
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
[课文批注]
CULTURE AND CUISINE　文化与美食
　　The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote， “Tell me
what you eat， and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply， this means
“You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating.
However， Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality， character， and culture.
　　法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚－萨瓦兰曾写道： “告诉我你（平时）吃什么，我 就可以说出你是什么样的人。”更简单地说，这意味着“人如其食”。如今，大多数 人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚－萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个 性、 性格以及文化。
　　Certainly， in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point.
Prior to coming to China， my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，
with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. For example， America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce， flavoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an
authentic Chinese recipe， however， so it
cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand， it does tell us a lot
about Americans. It tells us， for example， that Americans love bold， simple
flavours. And， since the dish was also invented recently， it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.
　　当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是一个恰当的例子。在来中国之 前，我只在美国接触过中式烹饪，那里的中国食物已经被改变，以适应美国人的口 味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它是在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜 酱，然后用红辣椒调味制成的。然而，这或许并不是地道的中餐做法，因此它并不能 让我们对中国人了解多少。另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人有了很多的了解。例 如，这道菜说明美国人喜爱大胆、 简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明的， 这就告诉我们美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。
　　Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to
China. When my family and I had just arrived in China， we went looking for a
good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by
a friend， and finally， we found it. Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of
Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table
with the best food we had ever eaten. With this， we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste： Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different， but what was even more important was the friendship that was offered to us.
　　后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝了地道的中国食物。当我与家人刚刚抵达中国 时，我们便在北京找了一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最 终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，我们不知道该怎么点 餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的食物。于是， 我们高高兴兴地体验了一种全新的口味：花椒。食物很美味并且与众不同，但更重要 的是我们所获得的友谊。
　　We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China.
My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that
family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of
the people in North China， where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later， I learnt that the
most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
　　不久，我们到了位于华北东部的山东省。在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的煮 熟的水饺。我发现那里的人都很重视家庭。水饺已经成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统 食物，在那里包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。 后来，我了解到山东最有名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。
　　Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and
Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
As a result， their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—
usually boiled or roasted meat， such as lamb kebab.
　　随后，我们又到了北疆。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，这 些人们会骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步。因此，他们的传统食物都是在篝火上烹制而成 的——通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如，烤羊肉串。
　　Our travels then took us to South China， and then on to central China. In
each place we went， we experienced wonderful local dishes， from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles
in Henan. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However，one thing is always true： Through food， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
　　接着，我们前往华南，之后又去了华中地区。我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美 食，从广东的精美点心——放在竹蒸笼里的小份食物，到河南独特的烩面。所到之处 的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变：每个地方的中国人都通过 食物表达友情与善意。
　　At a minimum， the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they
grow in their region， what kinds of lives they lead， and what they like and do
not like. Could we also say， for example， that those who like bold flavours are
bold themselves？ Or， that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper？
Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say， however， is that culture and cuisine go
hand in hand， and if you do not experience one， you can never really know the other.
　　当地人吃的食物种类至少能告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活 以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。例如，我们是否也能这样说，那些喜欢重口味的人 性格大胆自信？抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气暴躁？也许是，也许不是。然而，我 们可以说的是，文化和美食是密切相关的，如果你没有体验过其中一个，你就永远无 法真正了解另一个。
HEALTHY EATING　健康饮食
　　There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example，
scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However， there
is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food， as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America， people who
receive 25％ of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10％ a day （Journal of the American Medical Association，
2014）. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put
more simply， while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is
dangerous， we already know that sugar is a killer.
　　现今，关于何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直坚持认为健康的 一大敌人是高脂食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不健康的真正因素并非高脂 食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更 高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍（《美国医学会杂 志》，2014年）。无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康，都确实如此。更简单地说，当 人们还在为高脂食物是否有害而争论不休时，我们已经知晓糖分才是（健康）杀手。
　　Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100—150 calories a day from sugar，
which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words， if you want to be healthy， you have to cut down on desserts， and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
　　多余的糖分大多来自甜食和甜饮料。一个普通的美国人单从甜饮料中摄取的糖分 就占三分之一。美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖分摄入量控制在100至150卡路里以 内，即少于一听甜饮料或一根棒棒糖中通常所含的糖分。换言之，如果你想保持健 康，你就必须少吃甜点并完全戒掉甜饮料。
　　Beyond this， you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of
fresh foods， especially fruit and vegetables， which are full of vitamins and fibre，
rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition， and have
higher quantities of sugar， salt， and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this，
it is also important to have some meat， beans， or dairy products in your diet，
as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything
in life， moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one， without too much or too little
of any one thing.
　　除此以外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和 膳食纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品来保持健康。加工食品通常含有较少 的营养，比新鲜食材含有更多的糖分、盐分和脂肪。此外，在你的饮食中加入 一些肉类、 豆类或乳制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强健骨骼和肌肉生长提 供必要的蛋白质。适量是关键，生活中万事皆如此。理想的饮食是均衡饮食， 避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。
　　Finally， a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about
twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that
you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating
too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better， and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition， studies show
that consistent eating habits， for example， taking three meals a day at the same time each day， are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time，
rather than to eat a lot in one meal， and then a little in the next.
　　最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。开始进食大约20分钟后，你的大脑才会 告知你的身体“你吃饱了”。这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物，因为他们仍 然感到饥饿。细嚼慢咽还能让你的身体更好地消化食物，让你更充分地享受食物。此 外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用 三餐。而且最好每次摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃得很多，下一餐吃得很少。
　　There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather， healthy eating starts with
having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is， “Do I eat to live， or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly for nutrition， then you are on the right track with your diet. However， if food has become the centre of your life， you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live， and to make the right decisions about your diet.
　　健康饮食没有诀窍。更确切地说，健康饮食始于拥有一种健康的饮食态度。你可 以问自己一个问题：“我是为了活着而吃饭，还是为了吃饭而活着？” 如果你吃饭 主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路。然而，如果食物已经成为你生 活的核心，那么你可能已经踏上不健康之路。你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食决 定，这取决于你自己。
[重要词汇]
Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
1. cuisine n.菜肴；风味；烹饪
2. prior adj.先前的；优先的
·prior to在……之前的
·priority n.优先事项；优先权
In summary， prior to travelling abroad， learning about a foreign country’s traditions and customs is a top priority.
总之，在出国旅行之前，了解外国的传统和习俗是首要任务。
3. consist vi.组成，构成；存在（于）
·consist of＝ be made up of＝be composed of＝be comprised of由……组成（或构成）
consist in在于；存在于
consist with与……一致；相符
·consistent adj.一致的；连续的
be consistent with与……一致
·consistently adv.始终如一地；一贯地
·consistency n.一致性；连贯性
4. pepper n.甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
5. recipe n.烹饪法；食谱
6. bold adj.大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
7. chef n.厨师；主厨
8. peppercorn n.胡椒粒
9. vinegar n.醋
10. stuff vt.填满；把……塞进 n.东西；物品
11. slice n.（切下的食物）薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
·slice...off切下
12. onion n.洋葱；葱头
13. lamb n.羊羔肉；羔羊
·lamb kebab烤羊肉串
14. elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的
·elegantly adv.优雅地
·elegance n.优雅；优美
The elegant lady dresses herself elegantly on a daily basis and those around her admire her elegance and beauty.
这位优雅的女士每天都很精致地打扮自己，周围的人都羡慕她的优雅和美丽。
15. dim sum n.点心（中国食品）
16. exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的
·except prep.除……外
·exception n.例外
·exceptionally adv.极其；非常
He has exceptional competence to play the piano exceptionally well.
他有非凡的能力，钢琴弹得特别好。
17. minimum adj.最低（限度）的；最小的 n.最小值；最少量
18. consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
·consumer n.消费者；用户；客户
·consumption n.消费；消耗
19. temper n.脾气；火气
·good－/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/不好的
20. vegetarian n.素食者
21. junk n.无用的东西
·junk food垃圾食品
22. garlic n.蒜
23. bacon n.熏猪肉；咸肉
24. ham n.火腿
25. sausage n.香肠；腊肠
26. cabbage n.甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
27. bean curd n.（＝tofu）豆腐
28. brand n.品牌
29. olive n.油橄榄；橄榄树
30. fig n.无花果
31. ingredient n.（尤指烹饪）材料；成分
32. dessert n.（饭后）甜点
33. dough n.生面团
34. stable adj.稳定的；稳重的
·unstable adj.不稳固的；不稳定的
·stability n.稳定（性）；固定（性）
35. refer to查阅；参考；谈到；涉及；指的是
Only after I referred to a dictionary did I know that the word “category” refers to “type”.
直到查了词典，我才知道“category”这个词指的是“种类”。
36. in point恰当的；相关的
37. suit one’s tastes适合某人的口味
38. on the other hand另一方面
39. make dumplings包水饺
40. at a minimum至少
41. go hand in hand密切相关；齐头并进
Using Language & Other Parts
1. canteen n.食堂；餐厅
2. cafeteria n.自助餐厅；自助食堂
3. bun n.圆面包；小圆甜饼
4. chilli （NAmE chili） n. [pl.－es]辣椒
5. pork n.猪肉
·red braised pork红烧肉
6. pearl n.珍珠
7. somewhat adv.有点；稍微
The situation has somewhat improved， which is beyond our expectations.
情况有所好转，这出乎我们的意料。
8. madam n.夫人；女士
9. calorie n.卡路里（热量单位）
·associate vt.把……联系起来；联想；联系 vi.交往 adj.副的 n.同事；伙伴
associate with...和……交往；和……结交
associate...with...把……和……联系在一起
·associated adj.有关的；有联系的
be associated with...与……有关
·in association with...与……合作；与……有关联
As far as the associate editor is concerned， he should work in association with the famous local artists.
副编辑认为他应该与当地著名的艺术家合作。
Some people associate classical music with old people， but actually， classical music is also associated with the young.
有些人把古典音乐和老年人联系在一起，但实际上，古典音乐也和年轻人有关。
10. association n.协会；关联
11. regardless adv.不顾；不加理会
·regardless of不管；不顾
She is determined to live up to her parents’ expectations regardless of what the future holds.
她决心不辜负父母的期望，不管未来如何。
12. category n.类别；种类
13. vitamin n.维生素
14. fibre（especially US fiber）n.纤维；纤维制品
15. quantity n.数量；数额
·a large/small quantity of大量的/少量的
·quantities of大量的；许多的
·in quantity/in large quantities大量（地）
16. dairy adj.奶制的；乳品（业）的 n.乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
17. moderation n.适度；合理
·moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的
18. ideal adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n.理想；完美的人（或事物）
19. fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n.基本规律；根本法则
20. chew vi. & vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n.咀嚼
21. consistent adj.一致的；连续的
22. modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的
·modesty n.谦虚，谦逊
23. trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.欺骗；欺诈
·trick sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事
·play tricks/a trick on sb＝play jokes/a joke on sb＝make fun of sb捉弄某人； 开某人的玩笑
the trick of/to...……的窍门
·tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的；狡猾的
What annoys me is that those around me are always playing tricks on me， so I wonder if you could inform me of some tricks of solving this tricky problem.
让我恼火的是，我周围的人总是捉弄我，所以我想知道你是否可以告诉我一些解决这 个棘手问题的窍门。
24. overall adv.总体上；大致上 adj.全面的；综合的
Overall， this is a very useful book which offers an overall view of some complex problems we humans are facing.
总的来说，这是一本非常有用的书，它提供了我们人类所面临的一些复杂问题的全局 视角。
25. as to sth关于某事
26. make up组成；构成
Regardless of the fact that ups and downs make up our life，we should maintain an enthusiastic attitude.
尽管人生的道路充满起伏，我们仍应该保持积极向上的态度。
27. limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
28. in other words换言之；也就是说
29. cut down on减少
If you cut down on fatty foods， you can achieve your ambition to lose weight.
如果你少吃高脂肪食物，你就能实现减肥的愿望。
30. rather than而不是
You’d better speak up your inner anger rather than bottle it up.
你最好把你内心的愤怒说出来，而不是憋在心里。
31. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
Without permission， our school doesn’t allow us to do experiments in the school laboratory.
未经许可，我们不被允许在学校实验室做实验。
32. start with以……开始
His speech started with citing a famous proverb， which instantly drew the attention of the audience.
他的演讲开场引用了一句著名的谚语，这立即引起了听众的注意。
33. be up to sb由某人决定
It is up to you to decide whether or not you grasp the present opportunity to strengthen your overall competence.
是否抓住当前的机会去提升你的综合能力，这完全取决于你自己。

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