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UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Section Ⅰ　“Reading and Thinking”的课文习读课
靓丽语句
1. I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. I don’t know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world.
—Thomas Edison　
我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献 莫过于此了。
——托马斯·爱迪生
2. There is no royal road to science， and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of gaining its numinous summits. —Karl Marx
在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光 辉的顶点。 ——卡尔·马克思
3. Science is the best way to make people brave. —Giordano Bruno
科学是使人变得勇敢的最好途径。 ——乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺
4. The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth. —Irving Langmuir
科学家的驱动力主要是好奇心和对真理的渴望。 ——欧文·朗缪尔
5. Scientific progress depends on the labor and the value of their inventions of scientists.
—Pasteur
科学的进步取决于科学家的劳动和他们的发明的价值。 ——巴斯德
任务1　慧读·读课文促阅读
■ task 1 把握整体
Para. 1 A. Snow collected information and offered solutions.
Para. 2 B. Snow desired to defeat cholera.
Para. 3 C. Snow was determined to investigate.
Para. 4 D. John Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Para. 5 E. Snow found the truth of cholera.
答案：Para. 1—B　Para. 2—C　Para. 3—A　Para. 4—E　Para. 5—D
■ task 2　领悟主旨
What is the theme of the text？
A. The cure for cholera.
B. The causes of cholera.
C. How John Snow found “King Cholera”.
D. How John Snow defeated “King Cholera”.
答案：D
■ task 3　细品微观
1. Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in？
A. People breathed in the bad air infected by the disease.
B. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C. People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D. People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
答案：B
2. What was the key to help for John Snow’s discovery？
A. The local British government.
B. The woman living in the Broad Street.
C. The company offering the water.
D. The map made by himself.
答案：D
3. At last， “King Cholera” was controlled by　 　　.
A. using medicines in hospital
B. driving patients out of the country
C. dealing with the polluted water
D. getting rid of all kinds of pollution
答案：C
4. What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence？
A. Cholera could never be killed.
B. Cholera multiplied in the water.
C. Polluted water carried the virus.
D. The dangerous gas caused cholera.
答案：C
5. Where does this text probably come from？
A. A science report.
B. A fashion magazine.
C. A book review.
D. A TV interview.
答案：A
[阅读技法]
用“内容细节巧判断”法解答文章出处题
对于此类题目，学生可以从各类文章的内容或细节并结合不同类别文章的特点作 出判断。如：旅游景点的介绍→travel guide；科普知识→science report；推销、介绍 新产品→advertisement；文化教育类文章→education section；文章中有click here等网 络用语→website；文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper；时尚、名人或 娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/journal。本文主要讲述了John Snow为战胜霍乱病毒所做 的科学研究。故第5题应选A项。
to explain　
was
caused　
to　
proof　
determined　
　　Snow began by 6. （mark） on a map the exact places where all those 7. died had lived. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. As a result of this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump 8. （remove） so that it could not be used. 9. （fortunate）， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason， Snow is considered 10. father of modern epidemiology.
marking　
who　
removed　
Fortunately　
the　
任务2　赏文·向课文学写作
■ task 1　品甄选佳句
Please translate the following beautiful sentences into Chinese.
1. He was determined to find out why.（心理描写）
答案：他决心查明原因。
2. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.（动作描写）
答案：这个女人似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人把水运到她家。
复合　
连词　
时间状语　
宾语　
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上
最令人恐惧的疾病之一。　
In the early 19th century， millions of people died from
the disease　
the early 19th century　
十九世纪初，霍乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。　
表语　
一种看法是空气污染引发霍乱，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌
感染导致霍乱。　
复合　
宾语　
如此……以至于……　
结果状语　
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
■ task 3　赏衔接之顺
1. Snow began by marking on a map... However， ... What is more， ... Accordingly， ...
赏析：文中第三段是John Snow的调查过程，该段使用了however， what is more， accordingly等句间衔接语，它们使叙述更有逻辑性，层次更加清晰。
2. Through Snow’s tireless efforts， ... However， ... Moreover， ... For this reason， ...
赏析：文中最后一段是调查结果与John Snow取得的成就，该段使用了 however， moreover， for this reason等句间衔接语，它们使表达富有逻辑，衔 接紧密，意思连贯。
■ task 4　感结尾之翘
Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
赏析：此处是文章的结尾部分，这两句概括了科学家John Snow的伟大成就。叙事记 叙文的结尾大都是对人物的成就进行概括性评价。这种方法也可以用于介绍人物的应 用文写作。
genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration　
why he had so many great inventions and what he did
inspires me to be creative in my work　
仿写训练/补全语段
课堂强研习 合作学习 精研重难
课时作业（一）
[版本互鉴 同题时文]
A
（本文选自新教材译林版必修第三册Unit 4）
The Value of Science
What is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved— when I saw what terrible things it could do？
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone： scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course， if we make good things， it is not only to the credit of science； it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value— even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough， we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper， more wonderful mystery， inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down， with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty， and this experience is of very great importance. When he has an idea as to what the result is， he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be， he is still in some doubt.
Now， we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress， we must not forget the importance of this struggle； we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
It is our responsibility as scientists， knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought， to declare the value of this freedom； to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed； and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
词汇积累
1. credit n.赞扬，认可；信用
2. intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者
3. let sb down 使某人失望
4. ignorance n.无知
5. as to 关于；至于
6. take it for granted 想当然地认为；认为……理所当然
7. authority n.权威，权力；官方
8. declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
1. According to the passage， which of the following statements is TRUE about scientific knowledge？
A. Scientific knowledge always brings good results.
B. Scientific knowledge is only valuable when used for good.
C. Scientific knowledge is a neutral power that can be used for good or bad.
D. Scientific knowledge carries instructions on how to apply it.
答案：C
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2. What does the author mean by saying “Never concerned that the answer may let us down” in the second-paragraph？
A. Scientists don’t care about the results at all.
B. Scientists are confident that they will always get the right answers.
C. Scientists are more interested in the process of exploration rather than the results.
D. Scientists know that the answers will never disappoint them.
答案：C
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3. The freedom to doubt in science was born from 　　.
A. scientists’ natural curiosity
B. a struggle against authority in the early days of science
C. the need to progress in scientific research
D. the recognition of our ignorance
答案：B
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B
Wang Daheng， the Father of
Chinese Optics（光学）
In 1949， the field of applied optical science didn’t exist in China. Understanding its importance for national strength， the Chinese government paid much attention to optical research.
Wang Daheng， a respected optical physicist， devoted his whole life to this cause. He kept watching on the development of China’s first piece of optical glass， first electronic microscope， first laser device， and first large-size optical measuring equipment， and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is called the Father of Chinese Optics.
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As a teenager， Wang Daheng often followed his father to the observatory and became greatly interested in the apparatus（仪器）there. In 1936， he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later， he won a government scholarship to study in England. After earning his master’s degree from Imperial College London in 1940， he began his doctoral studies in optical physics and technology.
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In 1948， Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering（增强某人的自主权） it through science and technology. At the time China did not have the capability to produce optical measuring equipment on its own. In 1951， Wang was instructed to found an institute of fine mechanics and was appointed its first president. Within less than two years， Wang and his team produced the first group of China-made optical glass. Over the following six years， they went on to develop the country’s first electronic microscope， first high- precision theodolite（经纬仪）， first optical range finder， and five other optical devices， laying the foundation for China’s precise optical instrument industry. In 1961， they independently developed the ruby laser in China. In addition to scientific research， Wang advanced the study of optics in higher education.
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Starting in the 1960s， Wang participated in the optical research related to the development of nuclear bombs， missiles， and man-made satellites. In 1970， China successfully launched the Dongfanghong－1 satellite， of which Wang was one of the designers. When the satellite returned to Earth， the devices they designed brought back clear images of our home planet as seen from outer space for the first time.
To close the technological gap between China and developed countries， Wang and three other scientists made the suggestion of drawing up a national hi-tech research and development plan in 1986， which led to the famous 863 Program.
In 1992， Wang and a group of other scientists called for the creation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In the following years， he won many honors from the state. He passed away in Beijing aged 96 on July 21， 2011 after living a full and fruitful life.
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词汇积累
1. physicist n.物理学家
2. electronic adj.电子的；电子学的
3. microscope n.显微镜
4. establish v.建立；创建；确立
5. institute n.机构；研究所
6. higher education 高等教育
7. hi-tech n.高科技
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4. What was Wang Daheng’s main contribution to China’s optical industry？
A. He was the first to study optics in England.
B. He developed the first optical glass in the world.
C. He led his team to develop a series of important optical devices and laid the foundation for China’s precise optical instrument industry.
D. He participated in the development of the first computer in China.
答案：C
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5. Why did Wang Daheng return to China in 1948？
A. Because he missed his family in China.
B. Because he wanted to enjoy a more comfortable life in China.
C. Because he aimed to empower China through science and technology.
D. Because he was forced to return by the Chinese government.
答案：C
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6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Wang Daheng graduated from Tsinghua University in 1938.
B. Wang Daheng was one of the designers of the Dongfanghong－1 satellite.
C. The 863 Program was solely proposed by Wang Daheng.
D. Wang Daheng passed away in 2010.
答案：B
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C
Science： Shaping Our World and the Scientists Behind It
Science has always been the driving force behind human progress. From the discovery of fire in prehistoric times to the mind-boggling advancements in artificial intelligence today， it has continuously transformed our lives.
In the medical field， science has worked miracles. Vaccines have eradicated or significantly reduced the spread of deadly diseases like smallpox. Antibiotics， another scientific marvel， have saved countless lives by fighting off bacterial infections. In the past， a simple cut could lead to life-threatening sepsis， but now， with proper medical treatment based on scientific research， such risks are greatly minimized.
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When it comes to space exploration， science enables us to reach for the stars. The first moon landing in 1969 was a monumental achievement. Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took humanity’s first steps on the lunar surface， opening a new chapter in space exploration. Since then， space probes have been sent to study distant planets like Mars. These missions have not only expanded our knowledge of the universe but also inspired generations to pursue careers in science.
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Behind every scientific breakthrough are dedicated scientists. Take Marie Curie， for example. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields （physics and chemistry）. Her research on radioactivity was groundbreaking but also came at a great personal cost， as she was exposed to high levels of radiation， which ultimately led to her death. Another notable scientist is Thomas Edison. He held over 1，000 patents， and his invention of the practical electric light bulb revolutionized the world， banishing darkness and enabling people to be productive at night.
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Scientists possess several key qualities. They are highly curious， always asking questions and seeking answers. Their patience allows them to endure long-term research， often facing numerous failures before achieving success. Creativity is also essential， as it helps them come up with innovative ideas and approaches to solve complex problems.
In conclusion， science， with the efforts of brilliant scientists， has made our world a better place. It will continue to play a crucial role in shaping our future， and we should encourage more young people to engage in scientific pursuits.
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词汇积累
1. driving force驱动力；推动力
2. mind-boggling adj.令人难以置信的；惊人的
3. eradicate v.根除；消灭
4. monumental adj.重大的；不朽的；有纪念意义的
5. groundbreaking adj.开创性的；创新的；突破性的
6. notable adj.著名的；显著的；值得注意的
7. endure v.忍受；忍耐；持续
8. pursuit n.追求；寻求；职业
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7. What is the main idea of the passage？
A. The history of science.
B. The achievements of science and the qualities of scientists.
C. The importance of space exploration.
D. The lives of famous scientists.
答案：B
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8. Which of the following is NOT an example of scientific achievements in the passage？
A. The invention of the wheel.
B. Vaccines eradicating diseases.
C. The moon landing.
D. The invention of the electric light bulb.
答案：A
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9. According to the passage， what qualities do scientists have？
A. Laziness， impatience， and creativity.
B. Curiosity， patience， and creativity.
C. Ignorance， arrogance， and curiosity.
D. Carelessness， impatience， and arrogance.
答案：B
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10. Why is Marie Curie mentioned in the passage？
A. Because she was the first woman astronaut.
B. Because she invented the electric light bulb.
C. Because of her significant contributions to the field of radioactivity and winning Nobel Prizes in two scientific fields.
D. Because she was a famous writer who wrote about science.
答案：C
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