资源简介

(共70张PPT)
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Section Ⅱ　“Reading and Thinking”的新知学习课
任务1　整理· 理清归类助记
[新学词汇·归类记清]
■ task 1　阅读词汇——我会认
1. the cholera outbreak 爆发
2. the diarrhoea prevention 预防
3. the dehydration symptoms 症状
4. an air pump 气
5. the intervention in a process 过程中的
6. a substantial change 变化
7. the epidemiology analysis 分析
8. the critical thinking 批判性
9. the protein intake 摄取
10. the cell division 分裂
11. the virus removal 清除
霍乱　
腹泻　
脱水　
泵　
干预　
重大的　
流行病学　
思维　
蛋白质　
细胞　
病毒　
■ task 2　热考词汇——我会写
1. the weather 极为恶劣的天气
2. to to a magazine 定期订阅杂志
3. the of identity 身份证明
4. the chores 家务杂事
5. identification 犯罪嫌疑人识别
6. for the accident 事故的归咎
7. to with care 小心处理
8. the between two ideas 两个想法之间的联系
9. the materials 原材料
10. the gold 纯金
11. by 1.4％ each year 每年下降1.4％
severe　
subscribe　
proof　
household　
suspect　
blame　
handle　
link　
raw　
pure　
decrease　
12. the analysis 统计分析
13. the examination 显微镜检查
statistic　
microscope　
























[拓展构词]
1. transform： trans＋form→v.改变
①transfer v.转移 ②translate v.翻译
③transport v.运输 ④transplant v.移植
2. microscope： micro＋scope→n.显微镜
①microbe n.微生物
②microsecond n.微秒
③microwave n.微波
④microphone n.麦克风
⑤microbiology n.微生物学
⑥microorganism n.微生物
■ task 4　高级词块——通其用
1. 死于……
2. 经过一段时间之后；迟早
3. 关怀；照料；处理
4. 最终地；彻底地
5. 总的说来；从总体上看
6. 同意；赞同
7. water pump
8. thanks to
9. theoretical framework
die from/of　
in time　
attend to　
once and for all　
in general　
subscribe to　
水泵　
幸亏；由于　
理论框架　
[常用句型·自主仿写]
1. 句型公式：“疑问词＋不定式”结构
[原句]As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
[仿写]（全国乙卷）学习如何游泳是一次宝贵的经历，它教会了我重要的一课：有志 者，事竟成。
Learning was a valuable experience that taught me an essential lesson： where there is a will， there is a way.
how to swim　
2. 句型公式：so... that... 引导结果状语从句
[原句]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
[仿写]（新课标Ⅰ卷）鼓励的力量是如此有影响力，它对一个缺乏自信的人来说会产生 很大的影响。
The power of encouragement is influential it can make a huge difference to a person who lacks confidence.
so　
that　
3. 句型公式：have sth done
[原句]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
这个女人似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人把水送到她家。
[仿写]我们刚才让人把机器修好了，现在它运转正常了。
We just now， and now it works properly.
had the machine repaired　
任务2　重点·由精析到深化
[词汇精讲·记准用活]
1. once and for all最终地；彻底地
all at once突然
once in a while偶尔
once more再一次；再次
once and again再一次
at once立刻；马上
once upon a time从前
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Why did she do that experiment once again？
②Then， they started working once， cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor.
③The problem can be solved once and all， if you do that.
④Of course， such an overweening purpose did not develop at once.
⑤He likes to go to the movie .
他喜欢偶尔去看看电影。
⑥ ， there was an old man who couldn’t read or write.
从前，有一个老人，他既不会读书也不会写字。
⑦I am going to tell that neighbor of mine to turn down that music .
我要告诉我的邻居彻底地把音乐关小一点。
and　
at　
for　
all　
once in a while　
Once upon a time　
once and for all　
2. frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
（1）feel/be frustrated at/with...对……感到沮丧/懊恼
（2）frustrating adj.令人沮丧的
frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心
frustration n.挫折
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
① （frustrate） and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.
②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and （frustrate） experience.
③I in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes. （读后续写之心理描写）
我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。
Frustrated　
frustrating　
was frustrated at my poor performance　
3. subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）
（1）subscribe to同意；赞同；订购；捐款；捐助；订阅
subscribe... to...在……上签署……；向……捐……
（2）subscriber n.订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者
subscription n.订阅；订购；集体捐助
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some even offer a （subscribe） service with quarterly or even monthly updates.
②Many companies （subscribe） generously to the football club so far.
③Write away now for the free album offered to every new （subscribe）.
④All of us that a good parent-child relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我们所有人都赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。
subscription　
have subscribed　
subscriber　
subscribe to the view　
4. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect sb/sth to be...怀疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb of （doing） sth怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect that...怀疑/认为……（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）
Suspected　
suspects　
suspects us of achieving
our dreams　
5. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
（1）blame sb for （doing） sth因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth on...把某事归咎于……
be to blame （for sth）（对某事）负有责任
（2）take/bear the blame for对……承担责任
put/place the blame for sth on...把某事归咎于……
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was （blame）.
②Although the teaching assistant was to blame the severe mistake， the foreign teacher didn’t blame her it.
③Don’t always others. You should failure. （读后续写之主旨升华句）
不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。你应该为失败承担责任。
to blame　
for　
for　
blame your own failure on　
take the blame for　
6. link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
（1）There is a link between... and...……和……之间有联系。
（2）link... to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to...与……有联系/有关
link up with...与……联合；使与……衔接
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The police found that these fingerprints linked the suspect the case.
②They went on to the next town， where they linked with the other party.
③ ， and as a result， it is necessary for us to .
健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，我们有必要将身体健康和健康的 饮食联系起来。
to　
up　
There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits　
link physical health to/with healthy diets　
7. decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
（1）a decrease in...在……方面的减少/降低
on the decrease在减少
（2）decrease （from...） to...（从……）减少到……（表示减少后的量）
decrease by...减少了……（表示减少的量）
decrease in...在……方面减少
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The charge for transportation is the decrease because of lower fuel costs.
②Because of the flood， the rice production has decreased 18％ in this region.
③It slowly decreased 100， and then continued its downward trend more steeply to 15.
④The number of members at the gym over the past year.
在过去的一年里，这个健身房的会员人数急剧减少。
on　
by　
to　
has decreased sharply　
8. thanks to幸亏；由于
其他表示“原因”的短语：
（1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作状语，一般不作表语，可置于句 首或句末；
（2）due to， owing to在句中作状语或表语。
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China， China has entered a stage of rapid development.
②The town was cut off from the rest of the world because the heavy snow.
③He is in a state of deep depression account of his failure to pass the examination.
④ ， Tom passed the exam easily.（读后续写 之动作描写）
由于努力学习，汤姆轻松地通过了这次考试。
⑤ the bad weather， the match has been cancelled. （应用文写作之通知）
因为糟糕的天气，比赛被取消了。
to　
of　
on　
As a result of his hard work　
Thanks to/Because of/Owing to　
9. transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
（1）transform... into...＝change... into... 把……转变成……
transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为
（2）transformation n.（彻底的）变化；改观
transformer n.变压器
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The situation （transform） a lot in the past few years.
②In the last five years， he’s gone through a personal （transform）.
③On hearing what I had said， David immediately.
听到我所说的话，大卫立即把他的懦弱转变为决心。
has been transformed　
transformation　
transformed his cowardliness into determination　
[句式突破·融通熟用]
1. 句型公式：until引导时间状语从句
（1）not... until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。
（2）在not... until...句型中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒 装语序。
（3）not... until...句型的强调句为It is/was not until... that...
until　
that　
I would keep trying until I finished
the project wonderfully　
Not until I heard the news did I realise that　
It was not until I heard the news that I realised that　
（2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。
[慧练慧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①When the football fans saw the footballer， they got so excited they cried out.
②There were many cars on the road that I couldn’t get through.
③This is an abstract problem that none can understand it without effort.
④So severe the situation at that time that they had to take urgent measures.
⑤The Spoken English Club holds more and more students. Many club members they can speak English more fluently than before.
that　
so　
such　
was　
so many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts　
have made such great progress that　
so violently that he
felt very nervous　
so violently did his heart beat that
he felt very nervous　
课时作业（二）
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Although we are suffering such a （十分严重的） natural disaster， we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty.
2. Customs officials have made a series of （自相矛盾的）statements about the equipment.
3. （处理） the most important tasks first， and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.
4. More recently， as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway， artists have used them as the （未经加工的） material for artworks.
severe　
contradictory　
Handle　
raw　
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5. Most tennis is played on hard courts， but a （大量的） amount is played on clay.
6. Experts （怀疑） it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
7. This species of bird is （减少）in numbers every year.
8. （统计数字） suggested that a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading.
substantial　
suspected　
decreasing　
Statistics　
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Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. Before the 1830s， most newspapers were sold through annual （subscribe） in America， usually $8 to $10 a year.
2. However， when she hung up， she regretted the way she （handle） the call.
3. I could finish my homework on time thanks his help.
4. Most food webs， for instance， consist of many weak （link） rather than a few strong ones.
5. Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
6. He （suspect）that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
subscriptions　
had handled　
to　
links　
where　
suspected　
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7. On September 11， 1933， famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated， with confidence， “Anyone who expects a source of power in the （transform） of these atoms is talking moonshine.”
8. It seems artificial intelligence（人工智能） is becoming more and more popular in our life.
9. （decrease） the amount of rubbish and to protect environment， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
transformation　
that　
To decrease　
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Ⅲ.选词填空
once and for all， subscribe to， thanks to， think of， die from， in general， find out， what’s more， as a result of， mark... on...
1. A large number of ocean animals global warming.
2. This will help support the national efforts to get rid of the virus .
3. What’s important to you is your own life， no matter what others you.
4. his encouragement， I finally realized my dream.
5. ， we should take full advantage of water， electricity， paper， food and so on.
6. Can you these English-speaking countries the map of the world？
7. It happens that I have just seen the film， and I your opinion about it.
died from　
once and for all　
think of　
Thanks to　
What’s more　
mark　
on　
subscribe to　
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III
IV
8. ， letters are classified into two categories： personal letters and business letters.
9. an accident， Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.
10. When I that I had won the writing competition， I was overwhelmed by a strong feeling of astonishment.
In general　
As a result of　
found out　
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Ⅳ.完成句子
1. She hung her head， not sure .
她垂下头，不知该如何回答。（疑问词＋不定式）
2. That day was in my memory forever.
那天是如此难忘，它将永远留在我的记忆中。（so...that...）
3. What worried me most my mom’s birthday.
最让我担心的是我忘记了妈妈的生日。（表语从句）
4. It seemed that every student was lost in deep thought， .
似乎每个学生都陷入了沉思，回想着这个动人的故事。（现在分词短语作状语）
5. A grand ceremony was held to award prizes .
为了给那些比赛优胜者颁奖，学校举行了一场盛大的仪式。（定语从句）
how to reply　
so unforgettable that it would stay　
was that I had forgotten　
recalling the moving story　
to those who won the contest　
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[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Brian Greene， a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University， has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about， and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics”.
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Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes （a hole which some scientists think might exist， connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected）， time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question： What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting？ “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel， he added， the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox （悖论） is open for future physicists to solve.
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When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids， Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg， Leonard Susskind， and other physicists， make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren’t yet ready， perhaps， to learn maths.
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring， Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think it’s really important to also describe the more modern ideas， things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind， then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.”
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Greene has followed Albert Einstein’s lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said， physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam”. It’s about experimenting， showing an interest in strange phenomena—and having fun！
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。物理学家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子能对现代物 理学感兴趣。
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1. A million-dollar question is probably very 　　.
A. direct B. difficult
C. personal D. long
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理 学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。故选B项。
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2. The books by Weinberg， Susskind and other physicists 　　.
A. are boring to read
B. are mainly about maths
C. are popular science books
D. are only popular among kids
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren’t yet ready， perhaps， to learn maths”可知，Greene认为 Weinberg、Susskind和其他物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书 属于科普读物。故选C项。
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3. According to Paragraph 4， which of the following does Greene agree with？
A. Modern physics is a boring subject.
B. Interest plays an important role in studying.
C. It is not necessary to learn all about physics.
D. It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理学无聊时， Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事以引起他们的兴趣。因此他认为兴 趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。故选B项。
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4. In the last paragraph， Greene hopes that 　　.
A. kids can love science and physics
B. kids can do well in physics exams
C. kids can have fun with experiments
D. kids can find more strange things in life
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对 科学和物理学感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。故选A项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空
Lino Marrero is a young inventor. For him， being an inventor is about helping the world by creating 　1　 to everyday challenges. “I always start with a problem and see how it 　2　 other people，” he says.
Due to 　3　 fingers， little Marrero wanted to quit playing the cello. But his 　4　 for music inspired him to invent a “String Ring”. It is an adjustable band that 　5　 a musician’s aching fingers so they can continue practising.
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A year later， Marrero created a（n） 　6　 kind of shoes with replaceable soles（鞋 底） after learning traditional footwear can damage the environment. “Shoe waste 　7 .　 a lot to landfills（垃圾填埋场），” he says， “since shoes have rubber soles that don’t 　8　 easily.” Instead of owning 　9　 shoes for different sports， his invention allows athletes to keep just one pair in their cupboards.
Marrero’s latest invention， Kinetic Kickz 2.0， was the 　10　 of his personal experience. Having finished soccer practice， he found his phone was out of 　11　. Suddenly， he thought maybe he could make use of the energy from playing soccer. Then he created a shoe insert（鞋垫） that 　12　 energy and changes it into battery power to 　13　 a cellphone.
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As a high school freshman now， Marrero wants to encourage other teenagers to be inventors too. Younger people， he says， often have novel 　14　 that can be useful in making creations. Marrero says， “We need to get a chain going， where I inspire some people and they help inspire others 　15　.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。利诺·马雷罗是一位年轻的发明家，对他来说，作 为一名发明家可以通过为日常生活中的挑战创造解决方案来帮助世界上的人们。文章 主要介绍了他的一些日常发明。
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1. A. additions B. solutions
C. reactions D. connections
答案：B
解析：根据下文“to everyday challenges”可知，此处是指他为日常生活中的挑战创造 解决方案。故选B项。
2. A. bothers B. assesses C. distracts D. conducts
答案：A
解析：上文problem是关键词，问题是会“困扰”他人的。bother意为“困扰”。故选 A项。
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3. A. short B. painful C. frozen D. abnormal
答案：B
解析：根据下文“little Marrero wanted to quit playing the cello”和“a musician’s aching fingers”可知，小马雷罗想放弃拉大提琴，因为他手指痛。故选B项。
4. A. passion B. experience
C. curiosity D. concern
答案：A
解析：根据But表示转折以及下文“for music inspired him to invent a ‘String Ring’” 可知，对音乐的热爱激励他发明了一种“弦环”。故选A项。
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5. A. decorates B. stretches
C. weakens D. protects
答案：D
解析：根据下文“a musician’s aching fingers so they can continue practising”可知，他 发明的“弦环”有保护手指的作用。故选D项。
6. A. up-to-date B. good-looking
C. eco-friendly D. risk-free
答案：C
解析：根据下文“after learning traditional footwear can damage the environment”可知，他发明了一种对环境无害的鞋子。eco-friendly意为“对环 境无害的”。故选C项。
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7. A. owes B. contributes C. devotes D. applies
答案：B
解析：根据下文“a lot to landfills（垃圾填埋场）”可知，被丢弃的鞋子是垃圾填埋 场很大一部分垃圾来源。contribute to意为“导致；造成”。故选B项。
8. A. die out B. end up C. break down D. run out
答案：C
解析：被丢弃的鞋子造成垃圾污染是因为橡胶鞋底不易分解，与上文“learning traditional footwear can damage the environment”相呼应。故选C项。
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9. A. fashionable B. expensive
C. similar D. various
答案：D
解析：根据下文“shoes for different sports”以及“keep just one pair in their cupboards”可知，此处指不必再为不同的运动项目准备各种各样的鞋子，只要一双就 够了。various与different相对应，属于近义词复现。故选D项。
10. A. copy B. fruit C. award D. label
答案：B
解析：根据上文“Marrero’s latest invention”并结合后文讲述他发明的过程可知，此 处指Kinetic Kickz 2.0是他基于个人经历的发明成果。故选B项。
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11. A. power B. order C. danger D. service
答案：A
12. A. uses B. generates C. collects D. saves
答案：C
解析：根据下文“energy and changes it into battery power”可知，他发明了一种能收 集能量并将其转化为电能来为手机充电的鞋垫。故选C项。
解析：根据下文“changes it into battery power to 　13　 a cellphone”可知，他想发明
一种利用踢足球产生的能量来为手机充电的装置。此处属于原词复现。故选A项。
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13. A. repair B. update C. design D. charge
答案：D
解析：综合此段内容可知，这种鞋垫可以给手机充电。charge意为“（使）充电”。 故选D项。
14. A. viewpoints B. comments
C. predictions D. occupations
答案：A
解析：根据下文“that can be useful in making creations”可知，此处指年轻人通常有对 创作有用的新颖观点。故选A项。
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15. A. in conclusion B. in brief
C. in turn D. in advance
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I inspire some people and they help inspire others”可知，马雷罗激励 一些人，这些人继而帮助激励其他人。故选C项。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
C. V. Raman， a great Indian physicist， was born in 1888. His father was a lecturer in math and physics，so C. V. Raman was exposed 1. 　　 scientific things from an early age. He 2. 　　 （attend） Presidency College in 1902， getting his BA in 1904 and MA in 1907. Though he was a brilliant student， there weren’t many 3. 　　.
（chance） for scientists in India at that time. 4. 　　， after finishing his studies， he went to work for the Indian Finance Department and carried out his experimental research on acoustics（声学）.
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He 5. 　　（offer） a professorship in physics at University of Calcutta in 1917 and stayed for the next 15 years， 6. 　　（achieve） fame for his research there. In 1930， he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the scattering of light. Raman found 7. 　　 light passes through a transparent（透明的） sample of a substance， most of the light remains unchanged but a small part of it has 8. 　　（differ） wavelengths. This later 9. （know） as the Raman effect and is useful for physical and chemical 10. 　　（analyse） of gases， liquids and solids， including biological tissue.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度伟大的科学家C. V. Raman的 个人经历和成就。
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解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“接触到”，应用be exposed to。故填 to。
解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in 1902可知，应用一般过去时。故填 attended。
解析：考查名词的数。chance为可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数形式。故填 chances。
答案：to
答案：attended
答案：chances
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解析：考查副词。根据前后文语境可知，前后是因果关系，且由逗号隔开，应用副词 therefore。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Therefore。
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in 1917可知，用一般过去时，且主语he 与谓语offer之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was offered。
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，achieve在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且 与逻辑主语he构成主谓关系，所以用动词－ing形式作状语。故填achieving。
答案：Therefore
答案：was offered
答案：achieving
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解析：考查状语从句。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”应用when。故填 when。
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词wavelengths，应用形容词作定语。故填different。
解析：考查固定短语。结合句意可知，此处表示“被称为……”，应用短语be known as。故填is known。
解析：考查词性转换。作介词的宾语应用名词analysis，且结合语境可知，此处表示 不止一次分析，应用复数形式。故填analyses。
答案：when
答案：different
答案：is known
答案：analyses
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