资源简介

(共35张PPT)
UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE
Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language
任务1　讲细·语法知识点
语法项目——过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
[初识语法·整体感悟]
一、从宏观建立思维导图
二、在课文句子中体悟
观察下面的句子，并感知过去完成时及其被动语态的用法。
1. When my family and I had just arrived in China， we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
2. Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
3. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend， and finally， we found it.
4. Prior to coming to China， my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America， with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
[慧学语法·演绎融通]
一、过去完成时的用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用 by， before， until， when 等词引导时间状语。
①We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.
到去年年底，我们已经建了五幢新大楼。
②The letter had passed from one to another until everyone read it.
这封信从一个人传到另一个人，直到每个人都看完。
2. hope， expect， mean， intend， want， suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的 愿望或意图。
We had wanted to help you， but we were too busy to get away.（但未能如愿）
我们本来想帮助你的，但忙得脱不开身。
3. 一些固定句型中
（1）在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”和“no sooner... than...”句型中， when和than从句中用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，当否定副词放在句首且用倒装 时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
（新高考Ⅰ卷）No sooner had the starter’s gun shot than David tottered forward with the other kids.
发令员的枪一响，大卫就和其他孩子一起，蹒跚着向前走。
（2）在“It was the first/second/...time that...”中，that从句的谓语动词使用过去完 成时。
It was the first time that we had been introduced at the conference.
这是我们第一次在会议上被别人介绍。
（3）在“主语＋was/were＋the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词常 常使用过去完成时。
It was the best book I had ever read.
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
名师点津
过去完成时的常用标志词和句型：
by＋过去的时间点， before， until， hardly/scarcely... when...， no sooner... than...， It was the first/second/... time that... （that从句中用过去完成时）
二、过去完成时的构成
1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他
The Union sent letters to the embassy to cheer on the Chinese people who had fought against the epidemic.
工会致函大使馆，为抗击疫情的中国人民加油。
2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词＋其他
The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war.
这个国家还没有从战争的影响中恢复过来。
3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
疑问词＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
How many new words had you learned before the foreign teacher came to your school？
在外教来你们学校之前，你们学了多少个新单词？
三、过去完成时的被动语态的构成
1. 肯定句：主语＋had been done＋其他
By the time he got to the school， the first period had been finished.
当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
2. 否定句：主语＋had not been done＋其他
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
那个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没有交。
3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋been done＋其他？
疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他？
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended？
当飓风结束时，有多少建筑物被摧毁？
名师点津
（1）过去完成时指发生在过去之前，也就是过去的过去的动作。用过去完成时必须 有一个表示过去的时间作对比。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作了。
（2）如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before 和after 的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一 般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England， Mark worked hard to improve his English.
到达英国后，马克努力学习以提高他的英语水平。
任务2　慧练·在实践中活用语法
Ⅰ.句型转换
1. By the end of last month， they had completed all the work assigned by the manager. （变成被动语态）
→
2. Someone had broken into my house before I returned.（变为被动语态）
→
3. She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
① （变为否定句）
② （变为一般疑 问句）
③ （对句中主语 she 提问）
All the work assigned by the manager had been completed by the end of last month.　
My house had been broken into （by someone）before I returned.　
She hadn’t finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.　
Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？　
Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？　
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1. Before her husband came to rescue her， .
在她的丈夫来营救她之前，她沉浸在悲伤之中。
2. you would come， but you didn’t.
我们本希望你会来，但你没来。
3. It was the first time that .
这是我第一次参观长城。
4. by the time my mother came back.
在我妈妈回来之前，房子已经被彻底打扫过了。
5. Hardly when she realised she had forgotten her keys.
她一离开家就意识到忘记带钥匙了。
she had been buried in sadness　
We had hoped　
I had visited the Great Wall　
The house had been cleaned thoroughly　
had she left home 　
Ⅲ.用括号内单词的正确时态完成下面短文
　　A cow and a fox went out to search for food together. They 1. （go） only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way. They were both very frightened. The fox 2. （think） of a way of saving his own life， and went up to the lion and said in his ear， “I 3. （help） you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him， if you let me go free.” The lion 4. （agree）， and the fox then led the cow to a hidden pit（坑）， which a hunter 5. （dig） as a trap for wild animals， and the cow 6. （fall） into it. When the lion saw that the cow 7. （catch） and couldn’t get away， he 8. （turn） his attention to the fox. He soon finished him off， and then 9. （go） on to eat the cow.
Betray（背叛） a friend， and you’ll often find you 10. （ruin） yourself.
had gone　
thought　
will help　
agreed　
had dug　
fell　
had been caught　
turned　
went　
have ruined　
课时作业（三）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However， the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann， a professor of psychology， and colleagues conducted a series of studies with people. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided participants with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top， personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness， anger and anxiety， the researchers offered the participants their comfort food.
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They had to assess how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream， pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the participants completed the study on two separate occasions： once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked， but they wouldn’t call comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve participants’ moods—but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study， comfort food was compared to no food at all， and participants’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
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What’s the take-home message from the studies？ While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being， it does little to address emotional problems. Of course， everyone can indulge（沉迷） in comfort food from time to time， but overall， aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于安慰食物是否真的有安慰作用 的研究，通过实验研究发现，安慰食物对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有吃其他 喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章 提醒人们应对情绪问题时采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食物。
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1. Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on？
A. The means by which it affects moods.
B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. Its impact on physical health.
D. The extent to which it lifts moods.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However， the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.”以及第二段中的 “The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods.”可知，心 理学教授特拉奇·曼及其同事调查了安慰食物能真正改善情绪的程度。故选D项。
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2. How were the studies carried out？
A. By analysing questionnaires about comfort foods.
B. By observing participants’ different reactions to foods.
C. By collecting data about people from all walks of life.
D. By comparing participants’ feelings on different occasions.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They had to assess how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream， pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better.”及“on two separate occasions”可知，研究者评估了参与者 在吃冰激凌、比萨饼或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的食物之前和之后的感觉，即 通过比较参与者在不同场合的感受而开展研究的。故选D项。
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3. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？
A. Explain a rule.
B. Introduce a concept.
C. Make a suggestion.
D. Present a fact.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段告知读者安慰食物可能会让人暂时 感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用，因此不能将其视为一套一定奏效的 方法而依赖于此，缓解情绪应该选择一些别的方法。故推断文章最后一段是作者想要 给读者们提出建议。故选C项。
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4. What is a suitable title for the text？
A. The Science Behind Comfort Food
B. Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders
C. Feeling Negative？ Try Comfort Food
D. Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy
答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及通读全文可知，一项研究发现，安慰食物对 改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有吃其他喜欢的食品更加有效。文章提醒人们应对 情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食物来缓解自己的情绪。B项 （安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹）能够概括本文的主要内容，最适合作为本文的标题。 故选B项。
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was late for school　
had been criticised by Miss Wu　
had been
broken by my little brother　
had been stolen by
someone　
decided to take a bus　
had been left at home　
had no choice but to run　
had rung　
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Ⅲ.语法填空
A new study has shown that consuming artificial sweetener（甜味剂） may lead to an increased risk of cancer. The study， 1. 　　 appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine， indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13％ more likely 2. 　　（suffer） from cancer.
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The authors of the study collected daily dietary 3. 　　（diary） from 102，865 French adults over eight years. After 4. 　　（take） into account other risk factors for cancer such as age， weight， physical activity， and fat intake， the authors found those consuming high amounts of artificial sweetener had a higher cancer occurrence rate 5. 　　 non-consumers. Meanwhile， they found that cancer rates were just as high in consumers of excessive artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be 6. 　　（equal） associated with cancer risk， according to the authors.
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While artificial sweetener 7. 　　（add） to many food products routinely， other kinds of natural sweetener such as stevioside（甜菊苷） are also highly popular with health-conscious eaters. The study doesn’t note 8. 　　 these plant-based alternatives carry similar health risks or not. However， from the study the authors draw the 9. （conclude） that artificial sweetener shouldn’t be used as 10. 　　 safe alternative to sugar.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过多摄入人工甜味剂对人体可能产 生危害。
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解析：考查定语从句。句意：这项发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》杂志上的研究表 明，摄入人工甜味剂高于平均水平的人患癌症的概率要高出13％。设空处引导非限制 性定语从句，修饰先行词The study，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系 代词which引导该从句。故填which。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。be likely to do sth为固定短语，表示“有可能做 某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式。故填to suffer。
答案：which
答案：to suffer
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解析：考查名词的数。句意：这项研究的作者收集了102 865名法国成年人超过八年 的日常饮食日记。由空后的“from 102，865 French adults”可知，设空处表示不止一 篇日记，应用名词复数形式。故填diaries。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在考虑了年龄、体重、体育活动和脂肪摄入等其他致 癌风险因素后，作者发现，摄入大量人工甜味剂的人比不摄入的人患癌症的概率更 高。设空处位于介词After之后，应用动名词形式作宾语，take into account sth与其逻 辑主语the authors之间为主动关系，应用动名词的主动式。故填taking。
答案：diaries
答案：taking
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解析：考查介词。句意同上题。结合语义和空前的higher可知，此处将摄入大量人工 甜味剂的人与不摄入的人进行比较，设空处应用介词than。故填than。
解析：考查副词。句意：同时，根据作者的说法，他们发现过量食用人工甜味剂的人 患癌症的概率同样很高，过量摄入糖分可能同样与癌症风险相关。设空处作状语，修 饰形容词associated，应用副词。故填equally。
答案：than
答案：equally
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解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然人工甜味剂经常被添加到许多 食品中，但甜菊苷等其他种类的天然甜味剂也深受注重健康的食客欢迎。分析句子结 构可知，本句为主从复合句，设空处在While引导的让步状语从句中作谓语，结合主 句中的are可知，此处应用一般现在时；add与从句主语artificial sweetener之间是被动 关系，应用被动语态；主语是artificial sweetener，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故 填is added。
解析：考查连词。句意：这项研究没有指出这些植物性替代品是否会带来类似的健康 风险。设空处引导宾语从句，作note的宾语，结合语义以及句末的or not可知，设空处 应填whether， whether... or not意为“是否……”。故填whether。
答案：is added
答案：whether
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解析：考查名词。句意：然而，从这项研究中作者得出结论，人工甜味剂不应该被用 作糖的安全替代品。draw the conclusion that... 意为“得出……结论”。故填 conclusion。
解析：考查冠词。句意同上题。空后有单数可数名词alternative，此处泛指“一个安 全的替代品”，设空处应用不定冠词，safe的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
答案：conclusion
答案：a
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Ⅳ.根据要求完成下面的习作（根据汉语提示填空）
假定你是李华，你的笔友Simon请你为他和家人的中国之旅推荐一道特色美食， 内容包括：
1. 美食简介；
2. 推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
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Dear Simon，
1. （很荣幸能把我最喜欢的“臭豆腐”推荐给你）. I’ll give you a detailed description of it.
Of all the foods 2. （我尝试过的）， stinky tofu is my favorite. It is blackish or golden brown. As the name suggests， the smell is terrible but surprisingly， 3. （味道实际上相当温和）. It 4. （尝起来像炸豆腐） with more of a little sweetness and the sauce 5. （使它尝起来更美味）. Deep-fried stinky tofu is firm outside but soft and juicy inside. Now I can tell the differences between various versions of it and like all of their unique flavors as well as their distinctive smells.
It is a great honor for me to recommend my favorite “Stinky Tofu” to you　
I have ever tried　
the taste is actually quite mild　
tastes like fried tofu　
makes it taste even more delicious　
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To sum up， 6. （我相信你一定 会尽情享受臭豆腐） and not miss it.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
I believe you will enjoy stinky tofu to the fullest　
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