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(共26张PPT)
Grammar
Unit 7
The natural world
1
2
能够掌握并正确运用两种基本句型：S+V+IO+DO、S+V+DO+OC。
能够掌握并正确使用and, but, or 和so。
学习目标
1.You love your family.
2.They read books every day.
3.Her brother has good manners.
4.The temperature drops.
5.The fish tastes nice.
6.Sam is a common boy.
说出下列句子的基本结构。
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+P
Review
Verbs and sentence structures (Ⅱ)
Some verbs can take two objects, a direct object and an indirect object.
S+V+O (indirect)+O(direct) → The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.
S V O O
We can change the order of the direct and indirect objects by using to or for.
The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals.
We should build a better home for local wildlife.
Presentation
新课讲授
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。有的谓语动词后面出现双宾语 (人)间接宾语和(物)直接宾语。
“主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。在表达时，常常是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。
He gave me a bike.
This term, Mr. Wang teaches us Chinese.
在具体表达时,可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词。
My parents bought some storybooks for me.
They gave a lot of storybooks to us.
主+谓+间宾+直宾（S + V + IO +DO）。
Nancy gave me a hat.
IO (间接宾语 人) DO (直接宾语 物)
Hobo built Eddie a tent.
IO (间接宾语 人) DO (直接宾语 物)
在这一结构中，间接宾语可改成一个由to/ for引导的短语。
在双宾语句子中
间接宾语往往是人，
直接宾语往往是物。
These words are often used with to:
give hand lend
offer pass post
read sell send
show take teach
tell write
Tip
主+谓+sb.+sth.=主+谓+sth.+to+sb.
I often lend him my book.
=I often lend my book to him.
give/hand/lend/offer
pass/post/read/sell/
send/show/take/teach
/tell/write
+sb. sth.
+sth. to sb.
These words are often used with for:
build buy cook
find get leave
make order pick
prepare save
Tip
主+谓+sb.+sth.=主+谓+sth.+for+sb.
I often buy my sister some books.
=I often buy some books for my sister.
build/buy/cook/find
get/leave/make/order
/pick/prepare/save
+sb. sth.
+sth. for sb.
练习：用to/for填空
1.The boy often lends his dictionary _____ others.
2.We want to buy a present _____ our teacher.
3.Don’t give too much money _____ your son.
4. Please pass the form ______ next one.
5. My Mum always cook meals ______ me.
to
for
to
to
for
An object complement can also follow a direct object to give more information about the object.
S+V+O (direct)+C→ The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.
S V O C
宾语补足语(C或OC),简称宾补(宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的情况)
补足语跟在宾语后，表明宾语的状态。
S + V + DO + OC.
Eddie is watching Hobo work.
S
V
DO
OC
△主+谓+宾（S + V + DO + OC）宾语和宾语补足语
动词虽然是及物动词，但是一宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的情况。作宾语补足语的词通常是名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或动名词等。
We can help you develop new skills.
I don’t want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
不带to 的动词不定式做宾补
带to的动词不定式做宾补
形容词做宾补
状语
advise ask
invite order（命令）
teach tell need want
+ sb. to do sth.
+ sb. not to do sth.
主+谓+宾+宾补常见的动词搭配
+sb. do sth.
使役动词：make, let, have
感官动词：see, watch, hear, notice
I invite him to my party.
The teacher made him clean the classroom.
He made the girl cry.
help 半帮助
We can add an adverbial to each of the above. We use an adverbial to show when, where or how an action is done.
Hobo built Eddie a tent with sticks at the beach yesterday.
how
where
when
The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.
when
练习：判断下列句子的结构：
Kitty gives Simon some books. ( )
Amy found the leaves beautiful. ( )
Mum is watching us skating. ( )
He sent his friend an email. ( )
Millie heard birds sing. ( )
We bought ourselves some warm clothes. ( )
A
A: S+V+IO+DO B: S+V+DO+OC
B
B
A
A
B
The desert
Deserts are difficult places for animals to live. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. Many desert plants give animals water.
These plants store water in their leaves.
Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. Their flowers and fruits can provide animals with energy.
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+C
S+V+O+C
S+V+O+O
Amy is writing about the desert. Read her writing and write the main structures of the underlined sentences using S+V+O+O or S+V+O+C.
Practice
Using and, but, or and so
We use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together.
Rainforests are hot. They get a lot of rain.
Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain.
When joining more than two expressions,we usually only put and before the last.
The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.
Oceans provide food for many animals, produce oxygen and store heat from the sun.
We use but to join ideas that are different.
This kind of fish can find enough space here. They can find little food.
This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.
We use and to join similar or related ideas.
Presentation
We use or to introduce another possibility.
Birds can live in the forest. They can also live in the wetland.
Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.
In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.
The deep ocean isn’t warm. The deep ocean isn’t bright. The deep ocean
isn’t noisy.
The deep ocean isn’t warm, bright or noisy.
We use so to express the result of something.
Deserts are dry. Some plants keep water in their leaves.
Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves.
从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。
① 简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。
Apples, grapes and oranges are my favorite fruit.
My mother cleaned the floor, spread the tablecloth and then prepared the dishes.
② 并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句.
We admire him and he thinks highly of us.
I offer to help but she refused.
Study hard, or you’ll fail.
③复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语。
连词 and、but、or、so 的用法:
1.and:用于连接相似的想法或并列的成分,表示“和;并且”。
e.g. He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。
特殊情况:连接两个以上的表达时,通常只在最后一个前用 and。
e.g. The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.沙漠炎热、干燥且被沙子覆盖。
2.but:用于连接不同的想法,表示转折,意为 “但是” 。
e.g. It's sunny today, but it's a little cold.今天天气晴朗，但有点冷。
This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.
这种鱼在这里能找到足够的空间，但是几乎找不到食物。
3.or（或者;也不）
用法1:用于引出另一种可能性,表示“或者，否则”，在否定句中连接两个或多个并列成分。
e.g. You can go to the park or stay at home.你可以去公园或者待在家里。
用法2:在否定句中，连接两个或多个观点。
e.g. The deep ocean isn’t warm, bright or noisy.深海不温暖、不明亮，也不嘈杂。
4.so:表示结果,意为“所以；因此”。
e.g. He was ill, so he didn't go to school. 他生病了,所以没去上学。
David is writing about ecosystems. Help him join his ideas using and, but, or and so.
David is writing about ecosystems. Help him join his ideas using and, but, or and so.
1 Grasslands can be hot. Animals sit under the shade of trees.
_____________________________________________________________
2 Wetlands can have salt water. They can have fresh water.
_____________________________________________________________
3 There are forests in Asia. There are forests in Europe.
_____________________________________________________________
4 Deserts are dry. They are not always hot.
_____________________________________________________________
5 Some rainforest animals don’t like wind. They don’t like rain.
____________________________________________________________
Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees.
Wetlands can have salt water or fresh water.
There are forests in Asia and Europe.
Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot.
Some rainforest animals don’t like wind or rain.
Practice
Write about what you know about ecosystems using S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C. Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
一、写出下列句子的主要结构。
(S + V)
(S + V + O)
(S + V + DO + OC)
(S + V + P)
(S + V + IO + DO)
(S + V + O)
(S + V + DO + OC)
(S + V + DO + OC)
1. She laughed.
2. He bought a T-shirt.
3. Jay named his dog Bobby.
4. She looks lovely.
5. He gave Mary a present.
6. The teacher is marking the tests.
7. They thought John the best actor.
8. I find the article interesting.
当堂检测
二、用and , but, or或so填空。
1. I heard some noise outside, _____ I went out of the room to see why.
2. Would you like some apples______ bananas
3. I want to go travelling , ______ I haven't got enough money.
4. You can find some news _____ interesting stories on the Internet.
5. He is only a child, ______ he knows a lot.
so
or
but
and
but
Homework
Finish writing about what you know about ecosystems in Part B2.
Preview Unit 7 Word power.

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