期末重点语法复习讲义 形容词及副词的原级与比较级 人教版八年级英语上册

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期末重点语法复习讲义 形容词及副词的原级与比较级 人教版八年级英语上册

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形容词和副词的原级与比较级
形容词和副词的原级与比较级是英语语法中用来表示事物特征和程度重要概念。
形容词和副词的原级:
定义:原级是形容词或副词的基本形式,用来描述事物的固有特征或程度。
用法:用来表达事物的单一特征,不涉及比较。
例句:The apple is red.(苹果是红色的。)
形容词和副词的比较级:
定义: 比较级是用来比较两个事物的形容词或副词的形式。
用法:用来表达一个事物比另一个事物更具有某种特征或程度。
构成:大多数单音节形容词和副词的比较级在词尾加 "-er" ;多音节词和一些单音节词前面加 "more"。
例句:She is taller than me.(她比我高。)
形容词的比较级:
规则形式:
一般单音节词:在词尾加 "-er"。
例句:bigger, faster, stronger。
不规则形式:
一些不规则形容词的比较级形式不遵循规则。
例句:good (better), bad (worse), far (farther/further)。
副词的比较级:
规则形式:
一般单音节词:在词尾加 "-er"。
多音节词:前面加 "more"。
例句:more quickly, more carefully。
不规则形式:
一些不规则副词的比较级形式不遵循规则。
例句:well (better), badly (worse)。
构成比较级的常用结构:
比较两个事物:
A + be 动词/助动词 + comparative adjective/adverb + than + B。
例句:He runs faster than I do.(他跑得比我快。)
表示“越来越… ”:
comparative adjective/adverb + and + comparative adjective/adverb 。例句:The weather is getting colder and colder.(天气越来越冷。)
注意事项:
使用比较级时,要注意比较的对象是否明确。
比较级前面可以用 "much", "a little", "a bit" 等词语来修饰程度。有些形容词和副词的比较级形式相同,如 "fast" (faster, fastest)。
一、形容词和副词的原级比较
使用as...as结构表示同级比较。
选择题
1. The rain isn't as ______ as it was yesterday. ( )
A. heavily B. heavy C. more heavily D. heavier
答案:B
解析:heavy 大的,比较级是 heavier;副词是 heavily,比较级是 more heavily。分析结构和句意可知题干使用了 not as...as 结构,意思是"没有......",中间接形容词或副词的原级,正确答案是 heavy。
2. Kevin loves singing and dreams to be ______ Jay Chou one day. ( )
A. as long as B. as well as C. as famous as
答案:C
解析:as long as 只要;as well as 和...一样好;as famous as 和...一样出名。根据 Kevin loves singing(凯文喜欢唱歌)以及 Jay Chou(周杰伦)可知,这里表示凯文梦想和周杰伦一样出名。
3. Frank never does his homework ______ Alice. He always makes mistakes. ( )
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. as more carefully
答案:B
解析:careful 细心的,是形容词;so careful as 像......一样细心的;carefully 细心地,是副词;as carefully as 像......那样认真;as more carefully 是错误的表达。根据 He always makes mistakes.(他总是犯错误。)可知,此处是说"弗兰克做作业从不像爱丽丝那样细心。"此处要用副词修饰动词 does。
二、形容词和副词的比较级基本用法
表示两个事物之间的比较。
选择题
4. To many Chinese, preparing the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is even ______ than the dinner itself. ( )
A. less important B. the most important C. as important as D. more important
答案:D
解析:A.不重要;B.最重要;C.和......一样重要;D.更重要。根据 than,可知是比较级。
5. — What do you think of the books in this store
— I think the books in this store are ______ than those in that one. ( )
A. more cheaper B. much cheaper C. very cheaper D. the cheapest
答案:B
解析:cheap,形容词,便宜的,比较级是 cheaper,最高级是 cheapest。根据空格后的 than(比)可知空格处应使用形容词的比较级,very 不能修饰比较级,much 修饰比较级,表示程度,正确答案是 B。
6. — Does Liu Jun sing as ______ as Lin Tao
— No, he doesn't. Lin Tao sings ______ than him. ( )
A. well; better B. good; better C. better; well
答案:A
解析:well 好地,是副词;good 好的,是形容词;better 更好的,是 good/well 的比较级。根据 sing as... as Lin Tao(唱得和林涛一样......)可知,第一空修饰动词 sing,应用副词原级,well 是副词;根据 than (比)可知第二空应用副词 well 的比较级 better,修饰动词 sings。
7. How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ______. ( )
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
答案:B
解析:A.fast 快地,副词原级;B.faster 更快地,副词比较级;C.fastest 最快地,副词最高级;D.the fastest 最快地,副词最高级在句中的用法。结合题干中的 even(甚至)修饰比较级,因此空缺处应填副词比较级 faster 符合题意。
8. — Which subject do you like ______, physics or chemistry
— I prefer physics. Solving the challenging physics problems makes me excited. ( )
A. better B. best C. well D. the best
答案:A
解析:better 更好地,比较级;best 最好地,最高级;well 好,副词原级;the best 最好地,最高级。根据 physics or chemistry"物理和化学"可知,是两者作比较,所以应用比较级形式。
三、比较级的特殊句型
包括"越来越..."和"越...越..."结构。
选择题
9. We hope life can become ______. ( )
A. best and best B. better and better C. good and good D. well and well
答案:B
解析:A 最好的和最好的;B 越来越好;C 好的和好的;D 好地和好地。根据句意可知,此处应是表示生活能变得越来越好,应用"比较级+and+比较级",所以空处是 better and better"越来越好"。
10. Remember this, kids. The ______ you work, the ______ you will be. ( )
A. more hardly, more lucky B. harder, more luckily C. harder, luckier
答案:C
解析:more hardly 是错误的表达;harder 更努力地,是比较级;more lucky 更幸运的,是 lucky(幸运的)的比较级;more luckily 更幸运地,是 luckily(幸运地)的比较级;luckier 更幸运的,是 lucky(幸运的)的比较级。根据 Remember this,kids.The...you work,the...you will be.(记住这一点,孩子们。你工作得......,你就会......。)可知,此处是说"记住这一点,孩子们。你工作得越努力,你就会越幸运。"the+比较级......;the+比较级......"表示"越......越......"。
四、句型转换
考查比较级句型的同义转换能力。
句型转换题
11. John gets up early. But Kate gets up earlier. (合并成一句话)
Kate gets up ______ John.
答案:earlier than
解析:根据 John gets up early. But Kate gets up earlier.(约翰起得很早。但是凯特起更早。)合并成一句话,使用比较级,后面加 than。
12. Joe doesn't do his homework as carefully as the other students in his class. (改为同义句)
Joe does his homework ______ than the other students in his class.
答案:less carefully
解析:根据 Joe doesn't do his homework as carefully as the other students in his class.(乔做作业不像班上其他学生那样认真。)可知,此处是说"乔做作业比班上其他学生粗心。"not as carefully as 不想......一样认真,用于原级比较。根据第二句中的 than(比)可知,应该用比较级。carefully 认真地,是副词,其比较级为 less carefully(更粗心地),修饰前面的动词 does。
13. Lin Hai studies harder than Wang Bin. (改同义句)
Wang Bin doesn't study ______ hard ______ Lin Hai.
答案:so/as; as
解析:原句等同于"王斌学习不如林海努力"。not so/as...as..."不如......"。
14. The Nile is the longest river in the world. (改为同义句)
No river in the world is ______ long ______ the Nile.
答案:as; as
解析:根据 The Nile is the longest river in the world.(尼罗河是世界上最长的河。)可知,此处是说"世界上没有河流和尼罗河一样长。"not as...as 不像......一样,中间跟形容词或副词的原级。
15. Jason is not as tall as Peter. (保持句意不变)
Jason is ______ Peter.
答案:shorter than
解析:根据 Jason is not as tall as Peter.(杰森不像彼得那样高。)可知,此处是说"杰森比彼得矮。"shorter 更矮的,是比较级。than 比,是比较级的标志词,放在比较级后面。
五、答案速查表
题号 答案 题号 答案
1 B 9 B
2 C 10 C
3 B 11 earlier than
4 D 12 less carefully
5 B 13 so/as; as
6 A 14 as; as
7 B 15 shorter than
8 A
六、核心语法要点总结
形容词和副词的原级与比较级是英语语法中用来表示事物特征和程度的重要概念。
原级是形容词或副词的基本形式,用来描述事物的固有特征或程度。
比较级是用来比较两个事物的形容词或副词的形式。
构成:
大多数单音节形容词和副词的比较级在词尾加 "-er"
多音节词和一些单音节词前面加 "more"
常用结构:
A + be 动词/助动词 + comparative adjective/adverb + than + B
比较级 + and + 比较级(表示"越来越...")
the + 比较级...,the + 比较级...(表示"越...越...")
as...as...(表示"和...一样...")
not as/so...as...(表示"不如...")
注意事项:
使用比较级时,要注意比较的对象是否明确
比较级前面可以用 "much", "a little", "a bit" 等词语来修饰程度
有些形容词和副词的比较级形式相同,如 "fast" (faster, fastest)

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