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中考语法《谓语动词的时态和语态》专项讲解及练习
一、考点梳理
中考动词的时态和语态是重要考点，分值很大，主要集中在：完成时、过去式被动语态等。
二、语法精讲
Part1 谓语动词的时态
1.一般现在时态
1）结构：主语+谓语动词(动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式)+其他.
2）用法：①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；②表示客观事实或普遍真理；③在时间和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表将来(“主将从现”)
3）标志词：①频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never等；② on/at/in系列：on Sundays；
at nightinthemorning等；③every系列：everyday；every time； every Saturday等；④once/twice系列：
once a week；twice a month等
例：He reads newspapers at 8:00every evening.他每天晚上八时看报纸。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。
I’ll come to the party if he invites me. 如果他邀请我去聚会，我就去。
2.现在进行时态
1）结构：主语+be (am/is/are)+现在分词+其他.
2）用法：①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作；②表示一段时间内一直做的事或现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态
3）标志词：① now, right now, these days等；②at this time, at present, at the moment等；③ look, listen(注意看具体语境)等；④when, while引导的状语从句
例：Judy is cooking at this time in the kitchen.朱迪正在厨房煮饭。
Listen! Coco is singing.听！可可正在唱歌。
3.一般过去时态
1）结构：主语+谓语动词(动词的过去式)+其他.
2）用法：①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；②表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作
3）标志词：①时间副词：yesterday, then, in the past, just now等；②last+时间名词：last week/year等；
③时间段+ago：two years ago等；④in+过去的年份：in 2023等
例：Li Lei missed the school bus last Friday.李雷上周五错过了校车。
4.一般将来时态
1）结构：①主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形+其他.；②主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他.；③主语+be动词+现在分词.
2）用法：①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；②表示计划、打算做某事，表示已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事；③现在进行时表示将来，go, come, leave等动词常用于此种结构
3）标志词：①时间状语：tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon, soon, in the future等；②next+时间名词：next week, next year, next term等；③in+一段时间：in five days,in four years等；④in+将来的年份：in 2026等
例：I will have a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.下周六我将举办一个聚会。我希望你能来。
Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了
5.过去进行时态
1）结构：主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
2）用法：表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
3）标志词：①at that time, at+具体点钟+过去时间；②有when或while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句；③from...to...yesterday
例：When the teacher got into the classroom, he was readinga novel.当老师进入教室的时候，他正在看小说。
6.现在完成时态
1）结构：主语+has/have+过去分词+其他.
2）用法：①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在仍有影响；②表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去
3）标志词：①时间副词及短语：already, yet, just, before, ever, never, so far, recently, for three times, up till now等；②介词短语：for+一段时间(延续性动词)；since+过去的某个时间点；in the past/last...years等
例：Since he was a little boy, he has been in love with music.他从小就爱上了音乐。
Part2 谓语动词的语态
用法：①不知道动作的执行者是谁；②没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁；③需要强调或突出动作的承受者；④动作的发出者是物不是人；⑤有些动词习惯上只用被动语态
1.一般现在时的被动语态
1）结构：主语+am / is / are+done(+by+动作执行者).
例：The tickets are sold out.票卖完了。
2.一般过去时的被动语态
1）结构：主语+was / were+done(+by+动作执行者).
例：The tickets were sold out yesterday.票昨天卖完了。
3.一般将来时的被动语态
1）结构：主语+will / shall be+done(+by+动作执行者).
主语+am / is / are going to be done(+by+动作执行者).
例：The tickets will be sold out if you don’t order one in time.如果你不及时订，票就卖完了。
三、配套练习
一、选择填空。
1. David ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in Beijing.
A. learns B. learned C. has learned
2. —The students ________ a project when the teacher entered the classroom.
—No wonder they didn’t notice her.
A. discussed B. will discuss C. were discussing
3. —Lisa, your shoes are dirty.
—Oh, just leave them there, Mum. I ________ them with my clothes.
A. wash B. washed C. will wash
4. It ________ heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside.
A. rained B. is raining C. was raining
5. During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases.
A. rises B. rose C. has risen
6. —Carl, Jack’s birthday party is on this Saturday. Will you go with me
—I will go there if I _________ .
A. am invited B. will be invited C. am inviting
7. —It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to the Strawberry Music Festival.
—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.
A. was held B. held C. was holding
8. —Excuse me, what’s this
—It’s a robot and it ________ to look after the old.
A. uses B. is used C. is using
9. The new space station ________ by Chinese scientists next month.
A. completes B. is completed C. will be completed
10. You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work ________ unless you read it again and again.
A. is expressed B. has expressed C. is expressing
二、看图写话。
1.smell
_____________________
2.camp, yesterday
_____________________
3.make, wood
_____________________
4.hold, next week
_____________________
参考答案
一、CCCBAAABCA
二、The flower smells very sweet.；They went camping yesterday. ；The chair is made of wood. ；The school sports meeting will be held next week.

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