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新人教版必修二 Unit1 知识点归纳
一、重点单词
1.former adj 以前的；（两者中）前者的
《1》前者......后者......the former … the latter…
★ 我赞成前一个观点而他支持后一个。
I’m in favor of the former opinion while he is in support of the latter one.
2.preserve vt.保存；保护；维持；n.保护区
《1》保护......免受......preserve… from/against doing sth
《2》保存完好的 well-preserved
★ 保护环境免受污染至关重要。
It is highly important to preserve the environment from being polluted.
preservaton n.保护
3.promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级
《1》促进和平 promote peace
《2》得到晋升 get promoted
★由于缺乏专业知识，他没有得到提升。
He failed to get promoted for lack of professional knowledge.
promotion n.提升，促销
4.application 申请表；用途；运用；应用（程序）
《1》求职信 A job application (letter)
《2》申请信，求职信 A letter of application
《3》向......提出申请
→ apply to sb for sth
→ make an application to sb for sth
《4》致力于 apply oneself/one’s mind to doing sth
★你只有专心学习，才会通过考试。
You will pass the exam only if you really apply yourself to your study.
apply v.运用，应用
5.banace n.平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡
《1》保持平衡 keep balance
《2》保持均衡的饮食 keep a balanced diet
《3》失去平衡: lose one’s balance / out of balance
《5》使A和B平衡 keep a balance between A and B
《6》总的来说 On balance
6.proposal n.提议；建议
《1》提出建议make/put forward a proposal
《2》同意、接受提议 approve of/accept a proposal
★ 他们都同意我的建议，我们分摊计程车费。
They all agreed to my proposal that we should share in the taxi fare
propose v. 建议，提议
7.likely adj.可能的；adv.可能地
《1》很可能做某事......be likely to do sth
《2》很可能...... it’s likely that ...
★ 如果专心学习，他很可能成功。
He is likely to succeed if he concentrates on his study.
8.contribute vi. 捐献；捐助
contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠
《1》为......做出贡献；向......捐款:
→ contribute ... to …
→ make a contribution to …
《2》促成；造成
→ contribute to ...
→ lead to ...
→ result in ...
9. attempt n/vt. 企图；试图；尝试
《1》企图、试图做某事:
→ attempt to do sth;
→ make attempt to do sth/at doing sth;
→ in an attempt to do sth
《2》在某人第一次尝试时 at one’s first attempt
10. worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
《1》值得做:
→ be worth doing
→ be worthwhile to do/doing
→ be worthy to be done/of being done
《2》值得参观:
→ be worth visiting
→ worthy to be visited
→ worthy of being visited
11. entrance n.入口；进入
《1》在......的入口 at the entrance to...
《2》问题的答案 the answer to the question
《3》问题的解决方法: the solution to the problem
enter v. 进入
12.forgive vt/vi. (forgave forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt. 对不起；请原谅
《1》宽恕某人某事: forgive sb sth
《2》因为......原谅某人 forgive sb for…
《3》因为某事而惩罚某人: punish sb for sth
13. quality n.质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的
《1》空气质量: air quality
《2》教育质量: the quality of education
《3》质量好（上乘）be of high/good quality
《4》质量次（差） be of low/poor quality
《5》优质商品 goods of high quality
quantity n. 数量
14.opinion n. 意见；想法；看法
《1》在某人看来
in one’s opinion/view
《2》在作者看来
in the author’s opinion
《3》就......发表意见
give/express one’s opinions on
《4》对......评价好/不好/高/低
have a good/bad/high/low opinion of…
《5》你认为......怎么样？
what’s your opinion of…
15.contrast n.对比；对照
《1》与此相反；比较起来 in contrast
《2》相比之下；与之相比 by contrast
《3》与......形成对比；与......相比
→ in contrast with/to
→ By contrast with/to
二、重点词语
1.take part in......参与（某事）；参加(某活动)
《1》参加体育和户外活动
take part in sports and outdoor activities
《2》参军/入团 join the army/the league
《3》听报告 attend a lecture
《4》在......中扮演(......)角色；对......起(......)作用 play a (...) part in ...
2.give way to 让步；屈服
《1》放弃吸烟 give up smoking
《2》泄露；赠送，分发 give away
《3》用完；耗尽；分发；散发 give out
《4》发出，放出（光、热、气味等）give off
3.lead to... 导致......；通向......
《1》引发抗议: lead to protest
《2》导致；引起......
→ result in ...
→ bring about ...
→ contribute to ...
4.turn to... 向......求助
《1》向某人求助 turn to sb for help
《2》调高（音量等）；出现，到来: turn up
《3》调低（音量等）；拒绝: turn down
《4》打开（水、煤气、电灯等）: turn on
《5》关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）: turn off
《6》结果是，证明是; turn out...
5.prevent … from… 阻止；不准......
《1》阻止某人做某事
prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth
《2》被阻止做某事
be kept/prevented/stopped from doing sth
★ 什么也不能阻止我们保卫我们的国家。
Nothing could prevent us from defending our country.
6.向......捐赠......(=contribute… to….)
《1》Last year he donated $1000 to cancer research.
《2》What we could do is to donate (donate) some money to them.
三、重点句型
1.there comes a time when ...
课本原句
《1》There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
句式改写
《2》这、那、它是一个......的时期
This//that/it is/was a time when ...
《3》曾经有一段时间
There was a time when ...
★ 曾经有一段时间我和同班同学相处得很不好。
There was a time when I was getting along badly with my classmates.
2.not only …but also…
not only 置于句首，句子倒装
课本原句
《1》Not only had the countries found a path..but they had also learn that…
句式改写
★ 他不但学习刻苦，而且很聪明（用倒装句）
Not only does he work hard, but also he is very clever.
3.suggest that … should do...
课本原句
《1》在她结束讲话之前，这位科学家建议我们成立一个专家委员会......
Before he entered her speech, the scientist suggested that we need to establish a committee of experts …
句式改写
★ 她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。
She suggested that we should have lunch at the new resturant.
4.It is said that ... 据说...
课本原句
《1》据说这是一面明镜，可以分辨是非！
It is said that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong.
句式改写
《2》据报道：It is reported that
《3》人们认为：It is considered that
《4》人们相信：It is believed that
《5》有人建议：It is suggested that
同步语法新人教版 必修二Unit 1
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时用whom。“介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）”引导的定语从句主要有以下几种情况：

1.单个介词+which/ whom 介词的选择： ①根据和从句中动词的搭配 ②根据和从句中形容词的搭配。 ③根据和先行词的搭 ④根据句意 注意：定语从句的谓语动词如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首。 如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。 The man with whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。（talk with sb和某人说话） Yesterday I visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我参观了杭州著名的西湖。（be famous for "以……而闻名".） He built a telescope, through which he could study stars. 他架起一架望远镜，通过它可以研究星星。（through a telescope通过望远镜） My computer, without which I can’t play computer games, broke down yesterday. 昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。
This is the pen that / which you are looking for. 这是我正在找的钢笔。 不说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.


2.介词短语+which/ whom Jack was a famous doctor, with the help of whom they succeeded in the operation.杰克是一位名医，在他的帮助下他们成功做了手术。 He works in a factory, in front of which lies a river. 他在一个工厂工作，工厂前面有一条河。
3.不定代词/数词/名词+of which/ whom (of which/ whom也可放前) He has two sons, both of whom/ of whom both are doctors. 他有两个儿子，他们都是医生。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom/ of whom most are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。 There are 60 students in our class, 41 of whom/ of whom 41 are girls 我们班有60名学生，其中41名是女生。 He mentioned a book, the title of which /of which the titleI've forgotten.他提到一本书，书的名字我忘了。
4.the+形容词比较级或最高级/ 序数词+of which/ whom （of which/ whom 也可放前) Our university has many labs, the largest of which/ of which the largest was built last year. 我们学校有许多实验室，最大的是去年建造的。 In his office there are nine clerks, the youngest of whom/ of whom the youngest is Mr. Liu. 他办公室有9位职员, 其中最年轻的是刘先生。 I was given three books on cooking, the first of which/ of which the first I really enjoyed. 别人给我三本关于烹饪的书，我很喜欢第一本。
5.介词+ which/whose+名词 （which/whose作名词的定语） He may be late, in which case we’ll have to put off the meeting. 他也许会迟到，那样的话我们只好推迟会议了。 The boss, in whose company Mr. Smith works, is my friend.这个老板是我的朋友，史密斯先生在他的公司工作。 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我感谢史密斯教授, 没有他的帮助, 我永远不会取得如此的成就。
注意和并列句的区别： The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom) The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them) The old man has three sons; one of them is a teacher. (分号“；”后的句子是并列句，用代词them)
补充三种特殊情况（供参考）
1.since when引导的定语从句 when指代前面句子所提供的时间背景，从句中多用现在完成时 That was in 1997, since when things have been better. 那是在1997年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。（since when指代 since 1997） 比较：That was in 1997, when things were better. 那是在1997年，那时情况有了好转。.( when指代in 1997)
2.from where引导的定语从句 表示从某一个地点 Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. （from where指代 from behind the door）汤姆躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到妈妈的脚步声。
3.介词+which/ whom+ to do 相当于介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句 I have only $10 with which to buy him a present. 我只有10美元来给他买礼物。（=with which I could buy him a present） I want to make friends with Jack from whom to improve my English. 我想和杰克交朋友，从他那儿提高我的英语水平。（=from whom I can improve my English）

【巩固练习】
一．用“介词+关系代词”合并句子
1.The daywill come. Ordinary people can travel by spaceship on the day
2.My fathertold little John the year. He had studied in the year.
3.Guangzhouwas liberated on the day. The day was Oct.14,1949.
4.This is afield. I used to grow vegetables in that field.
5.Do youstill remember those days We worked together in those days.
6.The subjectis English. I'm not interested in English.
7.The cleverboy made a hole in the wall. We could see what was happening inside the housethrough the wall.
8. There are many reasons. People like traveling for the reasons.
9. This is the train. We worked on the train last year.
10. The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen.
11. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew manybanana trees.
12. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory therewere rice fields.
13. The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.
14. In the park there are many flowers. The colour of theflowers is bright and nice.
15.My uncle had three sons. Two of them died during the lastearthquake.
16.I am living a in an English village. Life is peacefuland traditional in the village.
17. I have several good friends. I can tell myproblems to them.
18. Because of the 2019-nCoV we have a longervacation. During the time we don't go out to work.
19. Li Wenliang is a hero. We should be proud.
20. The volunteer said conditions in Wu Han were difficult. Ispoke to him just now.
二．填空
1.It is a famous school______________hegraduated 3 years ago.
2.The chair_______ _______he is sitting now is made of wood.
3.Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined ourclub
4.They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of _______manystrange birds were seen.
5.Eric received training in computer forone year, _______ _______ he found a job in a big company.
6.Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of _______ sit three students.
7.The plane _______ _______ we flew to Canada is verycomfortable.
8.There are many reasons _______ _______ people liketraveling.
9.This is the iPad _____________ I spent 3000 yuan.
10.This is my pair of glasses, _______ _______ I cannot seeclearly.
11. He’ll never forget the day _______ _______ he was admittedto the Olympic Games for the first time.
12.The musicians _____ ______ we have great interest toured Europe with us.
13 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill______ ______ school education depends.
14. Who cangive me the reason_______ _______ he hasn’t turned upyet
15. In the dark street, there wasn’t a singleperson _______ _______ she could turn for help.
16. The man ______________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.17..She waseducated at Beijing University, _______ _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.18.The settlementis home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of ________left their village homes for abetter life in the city.
19.The English play_______ _______ my studentsacted at the New Year’s party was a great success.20. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to thesmall town_______ _______ he grew up as a child.
21.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ______________ there won't be much work.
22.She brought with her three friends, none of______I had ever met before.
23.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , allof ________ she spoke fluently.
24. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.
25. English is a language shared byseveral diverse cultures , each of ________ uses it differently.
26. He wrote many children’ s books, nearlyhalf of____ were published in the 1990s.
27.In our class there are 46 students, of_____ half wear glasses.
28.September 30 is the day by _____ youmust pay your bill.
29.Mark was a student at Beijing Universityfrom 2012 to 2016, during _____ time he studied very hard and was made Chairmanof the Students’ Union.
30.With the development of agriculture, thepeople, in ______village I taught before , have lived a happy life.
【参考答案】
一．1.The day on which ordinary people can travel by spaceshipwill come.
2.My father told little John the year in which he had studied.
3.Oct 14,1949 was day on which Guangzhou was liberated.
4.This is the field in which I used to grow vegetables.
5.Do you still remember those days in which we worked together.
6.The subject in which I'm not interested is English.
7.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happeninginside the house.
8. There are many reasons for which people like traveling.
9. This is thetrain on which we worked last year .
10. The pen withwhich she is writing is made in Shanghai.
11. He usedto live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.
12. They passed a factory at the back ofwhich there were rice fields.
13. Thehouse the window of which is broken is mine.
14. In the park there are many flowers, thecolour of which is bright and nice.
15.My unclehad three sons, two of whom died during the last earthquake.
16.I am living a in an English village. Life is peaceful andtraditional in the village.
17. I have several good friends to whom I can tellmy problems.
18. Because of the 2019-nCoV we have a longervacation during which we don't go out towork.
19. Li wenliang is a hero of whom we shouldbe proud.
20. The volunteer to whom I spoke just nowsaid conditions in Wu Han were difficult.
二．1. from which 2. on which 3. on which 4. which 5. after which 6.whom 7. in which
8. for which 9. on which 10.without which 11. onwhich 12.in whom 13. on which 14. for which 15.to whom16.with whom 17. after which 18.whom 19.in which 20.in which 21. without which
22. whom23.which 24.whom 25.which26.which 27.whom 28.which 29.which30.whose高中人教版必修二 Unit2 知识点归纳
一、词形转换
1.threat n．威胁
→threaten vt.威胁；危及
2.hunt v．打猎；搜寻；追捕
→ hunter n．猎人
3.rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级
→rating n．等级；级别
4.extinct adj.已灭绝的
→extinction n．灭绝
5.press vt.压；按
→pressure n．压力；要求
6.concern n．担心；关心 vt.让……担忧；涉及
→concerned adj.担心的；关切的
7.legal adj.法律的；合法的
→illegal adj.不合法的；非法的
→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地
8.alarm vt.使害怕；使惊恐；使担心 n．警报；恐慌；警报器
→alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的
→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的
9.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
→intention n．打算；目的
10.exist vi.存在；生存
→existence n．存在；生存
二、重点单词和短语
rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级；评价；评估
①Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.n.速度
②The birth rate of that country is reducing.n.(比)率
③China and India are rated as the most attractive markets now.v.评价，看作
reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)vt.预订；预留；保留
①These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.vt.预留
②I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.vt.预订
③We set up a wildlife reserve to protect endangered elephants.n.保护区

die out灭绝；逐渐消失；逐渐熄灭
[例1]　With society developing，many old customs are dying out.
随着社会的发展，许多古老的风俗在逐渐消失。
[例2]　With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out.
随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在消失。
[造句]一旦大火熄灭，救援队就会马上进入。
Once the fire has died out，the rescue team will move in immediately.
[知识拓展]
die away　 逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die off 相继死去
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
die for 为……而死
alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的
[例1]　It is true that the earth's resources are running out at an alarming rate，so we should make good use of them.
的确，地球资源正以惊人的速度耗尽，所以我们应该好好利用它们。
[例2]　This idea seems to become less alarming.
这个想法似乎就变得不那么可怕了。
[造句]人口正以惊人的速度下降。
The population is dropping at an alarming rate.
[知识拓展]
(1)alarm vt.　使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n. 警报；恐慌
in alarm 惊恐地
(2)alarmed adj.惊恐的；忧虑的
be alarmed at/by...对……大为惊慌
be alarmed to do...做……感到恐慌
We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us.
我们被那令人惊恐的尖叫声吓了一跳，因为那叫声的确使我们感到惊恐。
aware of... 意识到......；知道......
We must make people aware of the problem and help the endangered wildlife before it's too late！我们必须让人们意识到这个问题，并及时帮助……濒危野生动物！
[例1]　In conclusion，people around the world should be well aware of the real situation of water shortage.
总之，全世界的人们都应该清楚地知道水资源短缺的真实情况。
[例2]　The failure made me aware of my own shortcomings.
这次失败使我意识到了我自己的缺点。
[造句]每个人都意识到了污染的严重性。
Everybody is aware of the seriousness of pollution.
[知识拓展]
(1)be/become aware of...对……知道；明白；意识到
be/become aware that... 知道/体会到……
as/so far as I am aware 据我所知
make sb.aware of... 使某人意识到……
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
develop an awareness of... 形成……的意识
raise awareness 提高意识
她还没意识到她做错了。
→She was not aware of having done wrong．
→She was not aware that she had done wrong．
→She was not aware of what she had done was wrong．
[名师点津]　
(1)aware后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。
(2)修饰aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不用very。
(3)be aware后一般不接不定式。
average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 n．平均水平；平均数
How many elephants are killed on average every day？
平均每天有多少头大象被杀？
[例1]　He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
[例2]　The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.
3，8，10的平均数为7。
[造句]每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试。
An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.
[知识拓展]
(1)on (the)average　 平均来看
above (the)average 高于平均水平
below (the)average 低于平均水平
(2)an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词)
the average of... ……的平均数
The temperature now is below average．
此时的气温低于平均水平。
concerned about... 对……关切的；为……担忧的
I'm concerned about the African elephants.
我很担心非洲大象。
[例1]　She is concerned about/for her son's future.
她担忧她儿子的未来。
[例2]　You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him and you will meet after class and talk then.
你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他，下课后你们会见面交谈。
[造句]我们都担心她的安全。
We are all concerned about her safety.
[知识拓展]
(1)concern vt.　(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系
show concern for 关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的
as/so far as...be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned with sth. 牵涉到；与……有关
(3)concerning prep. 关于
The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.He was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.All the difficulties concerning Pamina were solved by the prince.这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。他担心她可能会错过转弯的地方而迷路。所有与帕米娜有关的难事都由王子解决。
adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合；改编
Elephants need large living spaces，so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes.
大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。
[例1]　Not only has she adapted (herself)to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.
她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。
[例2]　After graduation from college，I gradually adapted myself to living on my own.
大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。
[造句]据说这部新影片是根据一本小说改编的。
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel.
[知识拓展]
(1)adapt to　　　 适合，适应
adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...for... 将……改编为……
adapt sth. from sth. 根据……改编……
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
(3)adaptation n. 改编本；适应
[名师点津]　
adapt (oneself)to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new surroundings.
孩子发觉很难适应新环境。
measure n．措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
What measures are being taken to help them
正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？
[例1]　The room measures 10 metres across.
这个房间宽十米。
[例2]　Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.
教育不应该仅仅用考试结果来衡量。
[造句]你们应该采取有效措施来改善你们的工作环境。
You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions．
[知识拓展]
(1)take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
made to measure 量身定制的
(2)measure sth. by sth. 用某物来衡量某物
[名师点津]　
measure表示“量度为”时，是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。
Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephant.
思考测量大象重量的办法。
observe vt.观察到；注视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝
This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
[例1]As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.
作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。
[例2]I observed that several students were asleep in class.
我注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了。
[造句]全世界的中国人都庆祝春节。
Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.
[知识拓展]
(1)observe sb. do sth.观察到某人做了某事
observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事
observe＋that从句 发现……
(2)observation n. 观察，观测
[名师点津]　
表示“注意到，看到”，后面接复合宾语，其中用动词不定式和v.ing形式作宾语补足语，但动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略动词不定式符号to，强调动作发生的全过程，但用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不可省略；v.ing形式作宾语补足语时，强调动作正在进行。
When we attend the parade to observe the National Day，we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light，we should stop him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。
remind vt.提醒；使想起
I'm also reminded of the danger they are in.
我也意识到了它们所处的危险。
[例1]I don't want them to remind me of her.
我不想因它们而想起她来。
[例2]Reminded not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
尽管被提醒不要酒后驾车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。
[造句]这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。
These old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.
[知识拓展]
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
intend v．计划；打算；想要
The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
[例1]The meeting is intended to deal with some important problems.
开这个会的目的是想解决一些重要问题。
[例2]I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do.
＝I intended to have watched the game，but I had something more important to do.
我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。
[造句]女朋友和我打算明年结婚。
My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.
[知识拓展]
(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do... 为了做……
be intended for... 专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
(3)had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
(4)intention n. 打算；计划
have intention of doing...打算做……
The water is not intended for drinking.
这是非饮用水。
I intend you to take over the business.
我打算让你来接管生意。
三、重点句型
This is why...“这就是……的原因”。
This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.
这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
[句式分析]
This is why...这就是……的原因。此处why引导表语从句。
[例1]Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.
汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。
[例2]I've got a cold，that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.
我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。
[造句]这就是为什么我写信要求做一名志愿者。
This is why I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.
[知识拓展]
(1)That/This is/was why...
这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)
(2)That/This is/was because...
这是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...
……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
①The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low．
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
②Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill．
汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他病了。
only修饰状语位于句首，用部分倒装。
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
[句式分析]
only修饰状语从句放在句首时主句须部分倒装。
[例1]　Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。
[例2]　Only if he gets a job can he have enough money to continue his studies at college.
他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱继续大学的学业。
[造句]只有到那时我才意识到我做错了。
Only then did I realize that I had done wrong.
[知识拓展]
only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
[名师点津]　
若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。
①Only in this way can young people learn how to observe excellent traditions.
只有这样年轻人才能学会如何遵守优良的传统。
②Only when he returned home was he aware of what had happened.
当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
③Only by practising papercutting more can you learn the folk art.
只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。

Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I was struck by their beauty.
分析：本句是一个简单句。watching them move slowly across the green grass在句中作状语。
译文：看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。
he government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，since引导的是一个原因状语从句。
[译文]　然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
新人教版 必修二Unit 2现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示“说话时或现阶段正在被干的动作”， 主语是动作的承受者。
一．现在进行时被动语态的构成
1．肯定形式：主语+am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 The house is being painted. 房子正在被粉刷。
2. 否定形式: 主语+am/is/are＋not＋being＋过去分词 The trees are not being watered. 树木没有正在被浇水。
3. 疑问形式: Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ Is the bridge being built in the village 村子里的桥正在被修吗？

二．主动语态变被动语态的方法:
1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2.将主动谓语变为被动谓语(am/is/are＋being+过去分词)。 3.将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语, 若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略)。 Scientists are studying the new disease 主语 谓语 宾语 at present. →The new disease is being studied at present 主语 谓语 by scientists. 状语 They are building nine parks. 主语 谓语 宾语 →Nine parks are being built (by them). 主语 谓语 状语
【巩固练习】
一．将下列主动句变为被动句
1.Hunters are hunting African elephants.
2.The reporter is interviewing Mary now.
3. Look! Her aunt is taking care of thebaby.
4. The workers are setting up a lot ofbuildings, and people will move next year.
5.He is writing the alarming report , and itwill be finished soon.
6. Look! A snake is swallowing a frog overthere.
7. Right now, many volunteers are watching overthe deer .
8. I'm working at home today because theyare painting my office.
9. Hunters are hunting these animals atsuch a speed that they will disappear soon.
10. We are protecting the old trees becausethey are the natural habitat for songbirds.
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
In the wetland of my hometown, there are many different kinds of animals, including wild birds, fish, snakes, insects and so on. When I was in primary school, I often went there with my friends towatch the birds and study them. That was an interesting place for all of us.But things have begun to change in recent years. Small birds 1____________(catch) with nets. Wild ducks 2____________ (sell) at food markets. Fish andsnakes 3 ____________ (kill) for food in restaurants. And even worse, the wetland 4______________ (destroy). Some parts 5 ___ ______(cover) with new houses. You can see rubbish everywhere. The wetland 6_____________ (pollute)seriously every day. I am very worried about it. What can we do
【参考答案】
一．1. African elephants are being hunted by hunters .
2.Mary is being interview by the reporternow .
3. Look! The baby is being taken care of byher aunt.
4.A lot of tall buildings are being set upby the workers, and people will move next year.
5.The alarming report is being written, andit will be finished soon.
6. Look! A frog is being swallowed by asnake over there.
7. Right now, the deer are being watchedover by many volunteers.
8. I'm working at home today because myoffice is being painted.
9.These animals are being hunted at such aspeed that they will disappear soon.
10.The old trees are being protected becausethey are the natural habitat for songbirds.
二．1. are being caught 2. are being sold
3. are being killed 4. is being destroyed
5. are covered 6. is being polluted高中人教版必修二 Unit3知识点归纳
一、词汇变换
1.blog(n.)博客vt.写博客
→blogger(n).博客作者，博主
2.engine (n.)引撃；发动机；火车头
→engineer(n).工程师
→engineering(n).工程，工程学
3.identity(n.)身份，个性
→identify(v)确定，鉴定，识别，辨认出
4.convenient(adj.)方便的，便利的
→convenience(n).便利，方便
5.access(n.)通道；(vt).进入；使用；获取
→accessible (adj).易接近的；可进入的；可理解的
6.function(n.)功能；作用；机能(vi.)起作用
→functional(adj.)功能的
7.confirm(v).确认，事确信
→confirmation(n).确认，证实，证明
8.privacy(n).隐私，私密
→private(adj).私有的，私人的，私立的
→privately(adv).
9.particular (adj.).特定的，特别的，讲究的
→particularly(adv).异乎寻常地；特别是；明确地
10.embarrassing (adj).让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的
→embarrassed (adj.)adj.尴尬的；窘迫的
→embarrassment (n).尴尬，窘迫
→embarrass(v).使尴尬，使窘迫
11.rude (adj)粗鲁的，无礼的
→rudeness (n).无礼，野蛮
12.tough(adj.)艰难的；严厉
→toughness (n).韧性；强健；有粘性
二、重点单词
1.chat vi.聊天；闲聊
(1)谈论……;聊及…chat about….
(2)闲聊事情、闲聊天气chat about theaffair/weather
(3)与……闲聊chat with/to...
2.convenient adj.方便的；近便的
(1)对某人来说方便be convenient for sb
(2)离某物近be convenient for/to sth
(3)(某人)做某事方便It is convenient for sb todo sth
(4)某事对……来说是方便的sth is convenient forsb/sth
Would it be convenient for you(对你来说方便)to pick me up at 8 o'clock at the airport
3.stuck adj.卡住；陷入；困于
(1)陷入……中，困在……中get/be stuck in…=betrapped in...
(2)遭遇交通阻塞be stuck/caught/held up in thetraffic.
4.benefit n.益处v.使…受益，得益于……
(1)为了……的利益：for the benefit of=for one'sbenefit
(2)对……有益：be of benefit to..=be beneficial to
…
(3)使某人受益：benefit sb
(4)从……中受益：benefit by/from…
(5)(非常有益):of great benefit
5.distance n.距离
(1)在远处：in the distance
(2)从远处，隔一段距离：at/from a distance
(3)隔……远的距离；at a distance of
(4)与某人保持距离：keep sb at a distance
(5)(与……)保持距离：keep one's distance(from)→distant adj.遥远的；远处的
6.inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考(1)受……的鼓舞：be inspired by ..(2)鼓励某人做某事：inspire sb to do sth→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的→inspiration n.灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物)
7.access n.通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入；使用；获取；(1)去……的通路：access to ..(2)有权使用……;可以接近……have access to...(3)得到……的使用权；获得接近.…的机会：gain/get access to...Nowadays everyone can have access to theinformation on the website.→be accessible to..可以进入；可以使用：
8.function n.功能；作用；技能vi.起作用；正常
工作；运转
(1)……的功能the function of...
(2)起……作用；具有……功能function as...这把椅子还可以兼做床用。
The chair can also function as a bed.
9.confirm vt.确认；使确信
(1)证实……confirm that/wh-从句
(2)已经证实……It has been confirmed that..
(3)使某人确信某事confirm sb in sth
(4)任命某人担任某职位confirm sb as sth
10.account n.账户；描述(1)开立账户open an account(2)描述……give an account of..(3)由于；因为…….on account of...
11.rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的(1)对某人粗鲁、无礼be rude to sb….(2)粗鲁的举止rude behavior(3)做某事是无礼的It's rude to do sth
12.particular adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的
(1)是……特有的be particular to...
(2)对……讲究，挑剔be particular about/over sth
(3)尤其，特别，格外in particular=particularlyThe girl spends too much money on her clothes,for she is particular about her clothes.
13.upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的vt使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
(1)为某事心烦意乱、不安be upset about/by/at sth
(2)生某人的气be upset with sb
(3)因……而心烦意乱、不安be upset that...
让汤姆感到沮丧的是我们忘记了他的生日。
Tom is upset about our forgetting his birthday.=Tom is upset that we forgot his birthday.=It upsets Tom that we forgot his birthday
14.familiar adj.熟悉；熟知
(1)熟悉、通晓……be familiar with.
(2)为……所熟悉be familiar to…
15.case n.盒；箱；情况；案件
(1)在多数情况in most cases
(2)以防，万一...in case of
她不应该动，以免伤了脖子。
She should not move in case she injures her neck.(in case +句子)
三、重点短语
1.陪伴某人keep sb company有……为伴have ...as company和某人在一起in one's company
2.既然；由于now that;because;since;as
3.go through..经历……;度过……;仔细检查
(1)经历很多困难go through many difficulties
(2)仔细检查试卷go through one's papers
(3)完成任务go through a task
4.in shape状况良好
(1)保持健康keep/stay in shape
(2)处于良好状态in good shape
5.keep track of..掌握…的最新消息；了解……的动态
(1)不了解，与……失去联系lose track of..
(2)了解……的情况keep track of..
四、重点句型
1.take turns to do sth轮流做某事
课本原句
<1>take turns (轮流)to ask each other aboutyour online habits.
句式仿写
这种年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病的孩子。The young parents had to take turns to look aftertheir sick baby.
2.too……to..太……而不能(表示否定意义)课本原句1.Sometimes I'm too busy to go online.句式仿写这个问题太难了，无法回答。The question is too difficult to answer.他年纪太小，不能独自一个人去。He is too young to go on his own.
3.whenever引导的状语从句
课本原句
You get a message whenever there has been anupdate.
句式仿写
我本来希望每当我处于困境，他都可以帮我。
I had hoped that he could help me whenever Iwas in trouble.
4.The more…,the more.…越……,就越……课本原句然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。However,the more polite you are,the less likelyit is you will be attacked.句式仿写你练习得越多，理解的就越透彻。The more you practice,the better you canunderstand.一个人越博学，他通常就变得越谦虚。The more learned a man is,the more modest heusually becomes.
新人教版 必修二Unit 3：现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示“现在已经被完成的动作”。常与一些副词连用，如already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等，通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。也可以表示“一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能延续下去的被做的动作”。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句，
in/ for/over/during the last / past fewyears/months/weeks/days, ever since, sofar, up to now,
in recent years等连用。
一．现在完成时被动语态的构成
1．肯定形式：主语+has/ have been＋过去分词 The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 Many new buildings have been built since 2018. 自从2018年，许多新的大楼被建成。
2. 否定形式: 主语+has/ have not been＋过去分词 The car has not been repaired yet. 这辆汽车还没有修好。 These books have not been published. 这些书还没有被出版。
3. 疑问形式: Has/have+主语+been＋过去分词？ Has his bike been repaired 他的自行车修好了吗？ Have the machines been used for a long time 这机器使用很久了吗？
二．现在完成时被动语态的用法
1.表示现在已经被完成的动作。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等, 通常把副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。 Some flowers have already been watered by Li Ming. 一些花已经被李明浇了。 Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed yet Wi-Fi 密码被验证了吗？ Recently his novel has been translated into many foreign languages 最近，他的小说被翻译成好几种外语。
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能继续延续下去的被做的动作。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句， in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now, in recent years等连用。 Much useful information about these planets has been collected since 1971. 自从1971年关于这些行星的许多有用的信息已经被收集。 Computer science has been taught in all universities for many years. 所有的大学开计算机课程已经很多年了。 Up to now, no news has been received from her. 到现在，还没有收到她的消息。

【注意一】主动语态变被动语态注意事项
1.短语动词的被动语态： 主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 They take good care of the children at school. →The children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校受到很好的照顾。 You shouldn't laugh at disabled people. →Disabled people shouldn't be laughed at. 残疾人不应该被嘲笑。
2. 带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以有两种方法： （1）把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。 （2）把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语。用to还是for，根据动词的搭配：一般动词give,pass, show, send,bring要加介词to；动词buy, make, cook, mend要加介词for。 He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 →She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 →She was bought a watch./ A watch was bought for her.
3.带有复合宾语的句子，变成被动语态时宾补相应变为主补： （1）在感官动词(hear,see, watch, feel, notice等)和使役动词(let,make have等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但是改为被动语态时, 要加上to，作主补。 （2）如果主动语态中doing 或to do作宾补时， 变为被动时仍然用doing或to do的形式。 We often see him go for a walk by the river. →He is often seen to go for a walk by the river. They made the boys work 12 hours a day. →The boys were made to work 12hours a day. I saw him playing football at that moment. →He was seen playing football at that moment. Our teacher told us to clean the room at once. →We were told to clean the room at once .
【注意二】使用被动语态时注意的几个方面
1.不用被动语态的情况 （1）系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等与形容词连用时。

Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去凉。 Your bedroom smelt so terrible.
你的卧室气味难闻。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 这项计划证明是符合实际的。
（2）表示开始、结束、运动的词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, shut等。 Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 上午七点开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 这家店铺每天下午6点关门。
（3）表示主语的某种属性的词read, write, act, cut, play, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, look, shut等， 通常和副词well, easily, smoothly, badly, nicely等连用。其否定形式通常用won’t，表示拒绝。 The books sell well这些书很畅销。 Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔书写起来很流畅。 This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转了。 The door won’t lock/ open. 门锁不上/ 打不开。
2.get型被动语态 get +done表被动意义，相当于be+done He got paid by the month. 他是按月领薪水的。 He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤了。 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。 His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。
3.It + be+过去分词+从句 It is said that she knows three languages. (=She is said to know three languages. ) 据说她懂三种语言。 It is reported that the American president will visitChinanext week. (= The American president is reported to visit China next week.) 据报道美国总统下周要访华。
4.常见的没有被动语态的动词及短语 spread，happen, occur (发生)，take place, break out, belong to, come true, come into being, come out(出版)，come up(被提出), consist of（由……组成）, give out（用完，耗尽, run out（用完），turn out（证明是），turn up（出现），work out（产生，结果），date from/ back to(追溯到)等。

【巩固练习】
一．将下列主动句变为被动句
1. You can see that they have not painted thehouse for years.
2.It is said that two thieves have broken intothe house .
3. Have people criticized his views
4. He has not taken away the two books.
5. Where have you repaired the mobile phone
6. The company has brought down the price ofthe colour TV set again .
7. My parents gave me a toy at Christmas.
8. Someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding.
9. They saw the boy smoking a cigarette.
10. The boss forced the workers to work day andnight.

二．用所给动词的正确时态填空
1. ----Look, what an old bridge! It looks sospecial!
----Yeah, it ______ （build）fornearly 500 years .
2. More than 14, 000 books _____（collect）sincethe library _____ （build）lastmonth.
3. This is a photo of the power station that ______（set）upin my hometown.
4. How many workers ______（send） tobuild the railway recently
5.Much information ______（send）back to the earth since the spacemen began
their exploration on the moon.
6. Much parking space in cities ________ (save) by using small cars.7. This part of the sea ________ (explore) many times.
8.Al l the preparation for the task______（do）, andwe’re ready to start.
9.I ______（employ）at this job since 1990.
10. A kind of new PC ______（build）withmore functions recently.
11. I hear Jan's life ______（improve）bythe Internet.
12.The construction of the new railway lines______（finish）bythe workers by now.
13. No comment ______（make）about the online database till now.
14. A great many fine cars ______（produce）bythe car factory since the technological revolution.
15. Much ______（write）about the wonders of the World Wide Websince then.
16.It is said that the book ________ (translate)into several languages.
17. Look at the way the paths______（sweep）.You'd better do it again.
18. The child ______（take）careof by grandma all these years.
19.First as a PC and then as a laptop,I________(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.
20. Since the 1970s many new applications_______ (find) for me.
【参考答案】
一．1. Youcan see that the house has not been painted for years.
2.It is said thatthe house has been broken into by two thieves.
3. Have his viewsbeen criticized by people
4. The two bookshave not been taken away (by him).
5. Where has themobile phone been repaired
6. The price ofthe colour TV set has been brought down again by the company.
7.I was given atoy at Christmas by my parents.
或A toy was given to me at Christmas by myparents.
8.A stranger wasseen to walk into the building.
9. The boy wasseen smoking a cigarette.
10. The workerswere forced to work day and night by the boss.
二．1.has been built 2.have been collected ;wasbuilt 3. has been set 4. have been sent 5. has been sent 6.has been saved 7.has been explored 8. have been done 9. have beenemployed 10. has been built 11. has been improved 12. has been finished 13.hasbeen made
14. have beenproduced 15. has been written 16. hasbeen translated
17. have beenswept 18. has bee taken 19.have been used 20.have been found高中人教版必修二 Unit4知识点归纳
一、重点单词
puzzle n. 谜，智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑
1.不知如何是好，感到困惑；in a puzzle
2.解开谜团；solve a puzzle
3.带着疑惑的表情:wear a puzzled expression
4.令人费解的事实；a puzzling fact
Begingning a new life in a new place can be very puzzling.
belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应
归属感: a sense of belonging
这是谁的课本？
Who does this textbook belong to
他是高尔夫球俱乐部的成员。
He belongs to the golf club.
温馨提示：belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动语态。类似用法的还有take place, occur, happen等。
defend v. 防御，保护，辩解，辩护
保卫......免受...... defend ... against/from...
→ defence n 防御；保卫
1.为保卫......；为......辩护 in defence of...
2.为某人辩护 in one’s defence
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？
What points can be raised in defence of this argument.
温馨提示：与defend ... from / against ... 用法类似的还有：prevent ... (from) ...; stop ... (from) ...; keep ... from ...; protect ... from / against ...等，在被动语态中from都不可省略。
surround vt.围绕；包围
1.用......包围...... surround...with…..
2.和......在一起，与......为伍: surround oneself with…..
→ surrounding 附近的，四周的
周围环境:surrounding environment
→ surroundings 环境（复数）
1.欣赏环境: enjoy/admire the surroundings
2.美丽的环境:beautiful surroundings
3.适应新环境:be/get used to the new surroundings.
evident adj. 明显的，显然的
她显然不开心。
It was evident that she was unhappy.
→ evidence n. 证据，根据，证明
1.寻找证据:look for/search for evidence
2.找到证据:find evidence
3（出庭）作证: give evidence
4.医学证据:medical evidence
5.有力的证据:strong evidence
6.一项证据:a piece of evidence
achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
1.取的成就；make an achievment
2.某人在某方面的成就:one’s achievement in
3.在做某事方面取得成就: make an achievement in doing sth
4.伟大的、了不起的成就：a great /remarkable achievement
→ achieve vt. 实现；（经过努力）取得，达到
→ achievable adj. 可实现的，可达到的:
fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
1.迷人的地方；a fascinating place
2.引人入胜的故事: a fascinating story
3.看上去、听起来迷人:look/sound fascinating
4.令某人着迷: be fascinating to sb
5.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。
It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.
charge n.收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
1.收他十美元修自行车费: charging him 10 dollars for repairing his bike.
2.指控他超速:charge him with speeding
3.免费: free of charge
请问我可以和国际销售部的负责人说话吗？
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of international sales, please.
你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个节目吗？
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program
announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
1.向某人宣布..... .announce sth to sb
2.据宣布 it is announced that ...
3.正如宣布的那样 as is announced
At the end of the meeting, it was announced (announce) that an agreement had been reached.
→ announcement n. 通知，公告
官方公告: an official announcement
amount n. 金额；数量
1.大量地、少量地 in large/small amounts.
在这么短的时间内他几乎不能做完这些工作。
Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such short time.
A large amount of time has been spent in finishing this task so far.
approach n.方法；途径；接近 vt 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi 靠近
1.走近房子 approach the house
2.看到、听到......接近 see/hear sb/sth approaching
3.容易接近、难以接近 be easy/difficult to approach
4.处理问题 approach the problem/matter
5.......的来临 the approach of….
6.做某事的方法 an approach to doing sth
7.在快到......的时候 at the approach of...
温馨提示-表示“方法、方式”的短语荟萃：
approach to (doing) sth.
in this way to do/of doing sth.
with this method of doing sth.
in a...manner of doing sth.
generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
1.对某人很慷慨be generous to
2.乐于做某事be generous in
3．在某方面很大方:be generous with sth
4.某人做某事真是慷慨。It is generous of sb to do sth.
没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
→ generously adv.慷慨大方地
→ generosity n. 慷慨；大方
eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
1.渴望做某事；be eager to do sth
2.渴望得到某事: be eager for sth
3.He’s a bright kind and eager to learn.
be eager that 希望；渴望。此时从句谓语一般用“should＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，should可以省略。
→ eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地
They’re eagerly waiting for the big day.
→ eagerness n. 热切，渴望
People were pushing each other out of way in their eagerness to get to the front.
greet vt.问候；迎接
1.迎接客人 greet guests
2.在机场迎接某人 greet sb at the airport
3.向某人点头致意 greet sb with a nod.
Whenever I meet her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
→ greeting n.问候；打招呼
crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使......拥挤
1.一群、成群的人: a crowd of/crowds of people
2.在机场迎接某人: in the crowd
3．挤进、涌入纽约中心: crowd into the center of new network
4.涌入某人的心头:crowded into one’s mind
→ crowded 拥挤的，挤满的
挤满......be crowded with
In crowded (crowd) places like airports and railway station, you must take care of your luggage.
二、重点短语
1. be similar to与......相似
(1)在某方面相似be similar in
(2)与......相同；the same as
(3)与......不同:be different from
(4)在......方面不同；be different in
Her ideas are quite similar to mine.
The two cars are very similar in size and design.
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
(1)变得困惑:become/get confused
(2)困惑的感情: a confused expression
(3)把A和B弄混；confuse A with B
All the roads looked the same and he felt confused.
注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。
Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.
3. join..to..把......和......连接或联结起来
(1)Connect…..with/to......把......跟......联系起来
(2)与......“有关系、有联系多种表达：
Be related to ; be linked with/to be involved in; be associated with;
have something to do with
(3)You have to join the smaller piece of wood to the main part.
4. break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱；克服（习惯）
(1)打碎；分裂；（会议或聚会）结束，散会；（团体）解散:break up
(2)出故障；垮掉；失败: break down
(3)突破:Break through
(4)（战争、火灾）突然发生、爆发:break out
上周史密斯家的汽车被撬了。
The Smiths had their car broken into last week.
那位老人不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。
Thieves had broke in while the old man was away.
5. result in 结果为；导致；
(1)由于；源自:result from
(2)结果，因此: as a result
(3)作为......、的结果as a result of
(4)我们还在处理过去的因失误所造成的问题。
We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the post.
6.as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
(1)In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well
(2)The basketball coach, as well as his team was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(3)This training program can give you a gift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%.
7.leave behind 落下、忘带；留下；把......抛在后面
(1)把我的伞落在火车上: leave my umbrella behind on the train.
(2)动身去北京；leave for Beijing
(3)不要打扰我:leave me alone
(4)省去具体细节:leave out details
(5)漏掉一个字母:leave out a letter
(6)他动身前往华盛顿，把几个孩子留给了他的母亲。
He set off for Washington, leaving the children behind his mother.
8.date back to 起源于，追溯到
(1)这所学院创办于中世纪。
The college dates back to medieval times.
(2)这些可以追溯到1855年的石阶开始出现磨损。
The stone steps, dating back to 1885. Are beginning to wear.
9.keep your eyes open(for)
keep you eyes out (for ) 留心；留意
(1)吸引某人的注意: catch one’s eye
(2)注视，盯着看: fix one’s eyes on
(3)照看；留意；密切注意:keep an eye on
(4)对......有鉴赏力；have an eye for.
(5)直视某人:look sb in the eye
10. offer sb sth 向某人提供某物；offer sth to sb
(1)愿意、主动提出做某事:offer to do sth
(2)提供帮助、提出建议:offer help/advice
(3)“提供给某人某物”的表达：provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb
Supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb
(4)-why did you have the position
I was offered a better position at IBM.
11.make up 组成，构成；编造；化妆；弥补
<1>组成一个队 ：make up a team
<2>编故事：make up a story
<3>编借口：make up an excuse
<4>在镜子前化妆：make up before the mirror
<5>弥补损失：make up for the loss
12.breathe in 吸气；吸入
(1)深呼吸：breathe deeply
(2)呼气；呼出（气体）；breathe out
(3)松一口气: breathe a sigh of relief
(4)深吸一口气: take a deep breath
(4)屏住呼吸；屏息以待；hold one’s breath
(5)上气不接下气；out of breath
三、重要句型
1. must have been一定做过某事
(1)我一定是在上历史课的那一部分时睡着了。
I must have been asleep in that part of our history class.
(2)汤姆上班从来不迟到。为什么他今天缺席了？
-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today？
他一定是发生了什么事？
-something must have happened to him.
2.sb/sth is likely to do sth某人、某物有可能做某事
(1)你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
You are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand….
(2)如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你就更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。
If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
新人教版 必修二Unit 4：过去分词作定语和宾补
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
一．过去分词作定语的用法
（一）过去分词作定语的位置
1.一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。 注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。 tired visitors疲惫的游客 a well-organised trip组织有序的旅行 beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星 The disease was caused by polluted water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。 He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客 a trip organised well by my workplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行 stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。

（二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans（= which was built by the Romans）. 这是罗马人建的房子。 The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）. 他们使用同一面国旗，被称为“英国国旗”。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水 the developed countries 发达国家

注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”； 过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。 The workers building the houses work day and night.正在建房子的工人日夜工作。（workers和build是主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .去年建成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系）

二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。
1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. 演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天拔了牙。 They had castles built all around England. 他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡。
3.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. 老板命令计划尽可能块地被执行。 The father wants his daughter taught Japanese. 这位父亲想让女儿学日语。
4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. 工作完成了，他到外面散步去了。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系；现在分词doing作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关系。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. 当我从旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。 I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. 我经常听到这首英文歌被年轻人在聚会时唱起。 It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. 天很冷，她让炉火日夜烧着。 I had my car repaired last week. 我上周找人修理了汽车。
【巩固练习】
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.The mountain village________（surround）by beautifulnatural landscape looks amazing.
2.The family's ancestors once attended to ________（wound）soldiers in the FirstWorld War.
3.The young people ________（attract）by the legendof Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars ________（position）on the hill.
4.Judy and I had our car ________（park）in an underground carpark near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery ________（charge）.
5.When we finally reached the service deskto ask for audio guides, we heard it________（announce）that there wereno audio guides left.
6.Judy had her eyes ________（fix）on Van Gogh'sSunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many peoplearound.
7.She had a copy of the painting________（box）to ensure that it wasdelivered safely.
8. The scientist attended the meeting______ (hold) in the Great Hall of the People.
9. Linjiang Bridge _____ (build) in a shapeof fish in Wuhu, Anhui Province was put into use in 2008.
10.With all the tasks _____ (finish) aheadof time, he decided to set out on his travel.
11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Mingbeside the bed to keep himself_________ (remind ) of his own dreams.
12. Claire had her luggage________ (check)an hour before her plane left.
13. Jennyhopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ____ (improve)in a short period.
14. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ (call)for help
15. So far, about 40 houses have fallendown under the weight of the snow, with 22 people_______（injure）.
二. 单项选择
1.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ frombehind the house.
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
2.The island, _______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easyto go to.
A.joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
3.Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number ofoutstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
4.The players _______ from the whole country are expectedto bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
5. Mrs. White showed her students some oldmaps _____from the library.
A.to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
6.So far nobody has claimed the money ______in the library.
A.discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered
7.For breakfast he only drinks juice fromfresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to begrown D. to grow
8.At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ______ in a small apartment near Boston and ______what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
9.With the government’s aid, those _____ bythe earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A.affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
10.The trees ______in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
11．It is one of the funniest things_______on the Internet so far thisyear.
A. finding B.being found C. to find D.found
12.The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s wasthe most distinguished building at that time.
A.to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
13.Peter received a letter just now _______his grandma would come to see him soon.
A.said B. says C. saying D. to say
14. “Things _________ never come again!” Icouldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B.losing C.to lose D. havelost
15．I’m calling to enquire about the position _______ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
16.Alexander tried to get his work ____inthe medical circles.
A.to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
17.They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A.being run B.run C. torun D. running
18. To learn English well, we should findopportunities to hear English______ asmuch as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
19.I smell something __________ in thekitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. beingburnt D. to be burnt
20.After a knock at the door, the childheard his mother’s voice ______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
【答案及解析】
一．1. surrounded 2. wounded3. attracted； positioned 4. parked ； charged 5. announced 6. fixed 7. boxed 8.held9.built 10.finished 11.reminded12.checked 13. improved 14. calling 15. injured
二．1.B句意：接下来我们看到的是烟雾正从房子的后面冒出来。rising from behind the house为现在分词短语作后置定语，和所修饰词smoke构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句which/ that was rising from behind the house。
C句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。the island和join是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
C句意：建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系， founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，因此用过去分词作定语。
C句意：人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。players和select为被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
C 句意为：怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。Maps和borrow构成被动和完成关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
A该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 因此用过去分词作定语。
A句意：早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。fruit和grow被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。
A句意：29岁的大卫是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓,不知如何规划他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker, a worker 和live; wonder是主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语。
C句意：有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those，表示“那些被影响的人”。
B句意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。trees和blow down与之间是被动关系, 且是已经完成的动作, 故用过去分词短语blown down。
D句意：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。found此处为过去分词作后置定语, 用来修饰things, 与things构成被动关系。
C completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰theTown Hall, 二者之间为被动关系。
C现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生, 此处的a letter 和say是主动关系，因此用现在分词，相当于定语从句whichsaid。
A句意：错过的东西不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词, 作things的定语, 相当于一个定语从句that are lost。
A句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position和advertise是被动关系, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。
D 句意为：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。his work和recognize之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
D句意：他们使用计算机来保持道路畅通。本题考查“keep+宾语+现在分词”作宾语结构，the traffic和run是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。
C此处考查hear+宾语+ done结构。因为宾语English是 “被说” , 故用spoken作宾补, 表示被动。
A smell somethingburning闻到有东西在烧焦了, 宾语something 和burn是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。
20.A 宾语his mother’s voice和call是主动关系。因此用现在分词作宾语补足语高中人教版必修二 Unit5知识点归纳
一、词形变换
1．able adj.有才能的；能干的
→ enable vt.使能够；使可能
→ disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能
2．origin n．起源；起因；原因
→ original adj.原来的；n．原件；原作
3．energy n．能源；能量；精力
→ energetic adj.精力充沛的
4．perform vi. & vt. 表演；履行；执行
→ performer n．表演者；演员
→ performance n．表演；演技；表现
5．prove vt.证明；展现
→ proof n．证据
6．conduct n．行为；举止 vt.组织
→ conductor n．指挥；售票员
二、重点单词
1.opportunity n.机会，时机
(1)做某事的机会:the opportunity to do sth
(2)把握住、抓住、利用机会:take/ seize/ use an opportunity
(3)错过、失去、浪费机会:miss/ lose/ waste an opportunity
我希望有机会去大明湖。
I hope to have an opportunity to go to the Daming Lake.
→ chance n.机会
2.perform v.表演；履行；执行
(1)演奏音乐:perform music
(2)履行诺言:perform one’s promise
(3)尽职责:perform one’s duty.
(4)做手术:perform an operation
(5)做实验:perform an experiment
(6)表现得好、不好:perform well/ badly/ poorly
新机器运转良好。
The mew machine is performing well.
[知识拓展]
perform a(n)... role in ... 在……中起……作用
→ performance n. 表演，演技，表现
give/put on a performance 演出；表演
→ performer n. 表演者；演员
3.ordinary adj.普通的；平凡的
(1)普通人 ordinary people.
(2)平常的一天 an ordinary day
(3)不寻常，出乎意料 out of ordinary.
我有一辆普通牌子的汽车，没什么特殊。
I’ve got an ordinary sort of car,nothing special.
→ ordinarily adv.普通地
4.prove v.证明；展现
(1)prove...to sb. 向某人证明……
(2)prove (oneself) to be... 证明(某人自己)是……
(3)prove＋that从句 证明……
(4)It is proved that... 据证明……
结果证明她是最适合干这项工作的人。
She proved to be the most suitable person fot the job.
5.award vt.授予 n.奖品
(1)（因......）把......授予、颁发给某人 award sb sth =award sth to sb
(2)给某人颁奖 give sb an award.
(3)因某事赢得、得到、获得奖项 win/get/ receive/ get an award for sth.
(4)颁奖仪式 an award ceremony
孩子接过奖品时朝老师微笑着。
The child smiled at his teacher as he received the award.
6. relief n.（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰；轻松或解脱
(1)如释重负；松了口气 in relief
(2)使某人欣慰的是 to one’s relief
(3)做某事令人欣慰 It is a relief to do sth.
(4)终于放心了！What a relief!
这药会减轻你一些痛苦。
This medicine will give you some relief.
→ relieve vt.减轻
7. cure v.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题） 药物；治疗；n.（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施
(1)治愈某人的......病；矫正、改正某人的某种不良行为或态度 cure sb of sth
(2)没有办法治愈......，没有办法解决...... there is no cure for ...
(3)治疗......的方法 a cure for ...
这种药会把你的胃治好的。
This drug will cure you of your stomach.
这是治疗头疼的方法。
This is a cure for headache.
8.absorbed adj.被......吸引住的；专心致志的；全神贯注的
(1)被......吸引住；专心致志 be absorbed in sth/sb
(2)把......吸收进...... absorb ...into ...
(3)被吸纳进...... be absorbed into...
威尔读书非常专心，以至于没有吃晚餐。
Will was so absorbed in reading that he went without his dinner.
→ take in...吸收......
9.previous adj.先前的，以往的
(1)在......以前（是介词）previous to....
(2)前一天 the previous day
(3)在某人到达之前 previous to sb’s arrival
事件发生于他到那儿之前。
It happened previous to his arrival there.
→ previously adv.先前，以往
10.impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
(1)对......有影响 have an impact on ...
(2)对......没有影响 have no impact on ...
(3)对......的冲击 an impact against ...
计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
The computer had made a great impact on modern life.
→ influence n.& v.影响
11.aim n.目标；目标 vi/vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是；旨在
(1)某事的目的 the aim of sth
(2)达到某人的目标 with the aim of ...
(3)以......为目的 achieve one’s aim
(4)瞄准... take aim at ...
(5)力争做某事aim to do ath/aim at doing sth
(6)旨在做某事 be aimed at doing sth
(7)（把某物）瞄准...... aim...at ...
她参观学校的目的是看看图书馆。
She visited the school with the aim of seeing the library.
12.equipment n.设备；装备
(1)一件设备: a piece of equipment
(4)我们应该更好的利用实验室现有的设备。
We should make a better use of the existing equipment.
→ equip vt.装备
(1)用......装备...... equip...with
(2)配备有...... be equipped with...
13.assume vt.以为；假设
(1)往最坏处想 assume the worst
(2)认为...... assume (that) ...
据推测，我父母将在七点钟回家.
It is assumed that my parents will be back at seven.
14.ache n.(身体某部位的)疼痛
头疼 a headache
ache vi.疼痛; 渴望
(1)渴望 ache for
(2)渴望做某事: ache to do sth
整个冬季汤姆在盼望着晴朗的天气。
All winter Tom has been aching for sunshine.
I'm aching all over.
我周身疼痛。
15.treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理
(1)就......接受治疗 treatment for
(2)为某人治疗 give sb treatment
(3)接受治疗 get/ have/ receive treatment
(4)需要治疗 need/require the treatment
我试遍了医生建议的每一种疗法。
I tried every treatment the doctor suggested.
→ treat v.t.对待，治疗
16.satisfaction n. 满足；满意；欣慰
(1)满意地 with satisfaction
(2)使某人满意的是 to one’s satisfaction
老师对我们的成功表示满意。
The teacher expressed her/ his satisfaction at our success.
三、重点短语
1.remind sb ...of sth 提醒......某事
(1)提醒某人某事/物 remind sb of sth
(2)提醒某人做某事 remind sb to do sth
(3)提醒某人 remind sb that...
Confucius believed knieves would remind people of killing and were too violent for use at the table.
2. come up with... 想出；提出（主意、建议、计划）
(1)想出一个主意 come up with an idea.
(2)提出一个计划 come up with a plan.
在会上提出了一个好建议。
A good suggestion come up at the meeting yeaterday.
3.together with... 连同......；和......在一起:
It’s in the Summer olympics that you have the running races,together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
4.take part in/join in...参加......
5.fall in love with... 爱上（表动作）:
be in love with... 爱上，喜欢（表状态）
6.lead to ... 导致......；引起......;导向......
(1)导致这场交通事故:lead to the traffic accident.
(2)引起健康问题:lead to health problem
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
7. for the first time 第一次
第一次......（作连词用） the first time.
我第一次见她就认为她很好也很诚实。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
8.be pleased with... 对......感到满意
(1)对......感到高兴 be pleased that
(2)高兴、乐于做某事 be pleased to do ath
(3)我很高兴听到这个好消息。
I am very pleased to hear the good news.
四、重点句型
1.过去分词（短语）作状语
课本原句
(1)Moved by this music, he said, It was like seeing color for the first time.
(2)Absorbed in the painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
2. A time when... 一段......的时期
课本原句
(1)Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all
句式仿写
这是一个许多人失业并艰难谋生的时期。
This was a time when many people were out of work and had difficulty earning their living.
3. so....that....如此......以至于，引导结果状语从句
课本原句
(1) The song made me feel so much better that from then on I began to listen to music all the time.
句式仿写
天气是如此冷，以至于我不想离开房间。
The weather was so cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.
新人教版 必修二Unit 5：过去分词作表语和状语
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。 其前的系动
词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的： look, sound,feel等。
1.表“情感类”的过去分词done作表语，已具有形容词词性，表示“人感到……”。 注意：这类词的现在分词doing表示“令人……”。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You looked frightened. 你看起来很害怕。 He became interested in two theories. 他对两种理论产生了兴趣。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
2.有些过去分词作表语，含“被动”之意，但强调主语所处的状态。 注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，强调主语是动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed．商店关门了。 The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。 Mary is dressed in red. 玛丽穿着红色的衣服。 The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。（强调状态） The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。（强调动作）

二、过去分词作状语
分词可作时间，条件，原因，让步，结果，方式，伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时，用来修饰一个句子，分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。过去分词作状语时，和该句子的主语构成被动关系。
1. 作时间状语 Opened in 1955(= When Disneyland was opened in 1955), Disneyland in California is regarded as the original fun park. 在1955年被开放，加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园被认为是非常有趣的原始的游乐场。
2.作条件状语 Given more time (=If we are given more time), we will do it better. 如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。
3.作原因状语 Bitten twice by our dog(=Because the postman had been bitten twice by our dog), the postman refused to deliver our letters. 由于被我家的狗咬过两次,那个邮递员拒绝给我们送信。
4.作让步状语 Told many times(= Although he was told many times), he still couldn’t understand it. 虽然被告诉了好几遍，但她仍然不理解。
5.作方式或伴随状语 The teacher came in, followed (= and was followed) by his students. 老师进来了，后面跟着他的学生。

注意一：和现在分词作状语的区别：
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语构成被动关系。 Seeing his mother, the baby stopped crying.一看见妈妈，婴儿停止哭泣。(句子的主语the baby 和see 构成主动关系) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 从山顶看，城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city 和see构成被动关系)
注意二：“连词+doing/ done”句型
有些分词作状语，可在分词前加连词when，while，whenever，if, though/ although, once, until/ till, unless, as, even if/ though, as if/ though等。即： ①连词+doing（表主动，进行） ②连词+done（表被动，完成） While waiting for a bus(=while he was waiting for a bus), he met an old friend. 他在等车时，遇到了一位老朋友。 He will not attend the party unless invited (=unless he is invited).除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。 All is going well as planned (=as it is planned). 一切都按原计划进展顺利。


三．转化成形容词的分词
一些表示情感类的现在分词doing（令人……），过去分词done（人感到……）和“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，可直接作状语，定语，表语，补足语等。
1. 表示情感类的： 现在分词doing（令人……） 过去分词done（人感到……） 常见的有： amaze(惊奇), amuse(高兴、开心), astonish(惊异、吃惊), annoy(厌烦), bore(烦恼), confuse(迷惑), depress(抑郁), disappoint(失望), delight(快乐), encourage(鼓舞),embarrass(尴尬、难为情), excite(激动), frighten(害怕), interest(感兴趣), impress(印象深刻), move(感动),please(高兴),puzzle(迷惑),relax(放松), satisfy(满意), surprise(惊讶), shock(震惊),tire(疲劳、厌烦), terrify(可怕),touch(打动),thrill(兴奋),worry(担心) 等。 （注意：修饰人的声音，表情等，用-ed形式） It was a tiring day. It made me tired. 真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。 The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 虽然看到我们感到很吃惊，教授热烈欢迎我们。 Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。 （his excited voice/look/expression他兴奋的声音/表情）
2. “系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，表状态。常见的有： addicted（上瘾的）， absorbed（专心于……的），accustomed（习惯的），born（出生的） , based on（以……为基础）， broken（破碎的）， connected（有关连的；连在一起的）, dressed（穿着），devoted（忠实的；献身于……的）, determined（决心的）， exposed（暴露的），equipped/furnished（装备好的），faced with（面对） ， hidden（藏着的）， injured（受伤的）， lost（陷入、丢失、迷路的）， located/ situated（坐落于……的，位于……的）， occupied（已占用的、忙于……的），prepared for（准备的），related to （有关系的） ， seated（坐着的）， worn out（用旧的，精疲力尽的）等。 Dressed in red, Mary looks more beautiful.（作状语） The girl dressed in red is Mary.（作定语） Mary is dressed in red. （作表语） I found Mary dressed in red . （作宾补） Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。（作表语） Seated/ Sitting at the back of the classroom, he couldn't see the words on the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室后面，他看不清黑板上的字。（作状语） When I came in, I found a strange girl seated/sitting in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生女孩坐在角落里。（作宾补） Faced with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice. 面对困难的局势，他决定征求老板的建议。（作状语）

【巩固练习】
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. __________(paint) in dark colours, theroom needed some bright lights.
2. ___________(unemploy), Dave had time toconsider what job he really wanted.
3. ___________(move) by his romantic words,the girl accepted his gift.
4. __________(correct) by his teacher fromtime to time, he lost interest in singing.
5. _________(record) in a new way, thealbum was expected to be popular with techno fans.
6. __________(invite) to perform on thestage, he felt nervous and excited.
7.The_________look on her face suggested that shewas ________ by the ________ scene.(frighten)
8.The news was________ and they were all ________ atit.(excite)
9. We all felt __________ at the __________news.(encourage)
10.The audience were all ________ to tears by the ________film.(move)
11.Children, when ________(accompany) bytheir parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
12.While waiting for the opportunity to get _________(promote),
Henry did his best to perform his duty.
13.Why do you always look ________(tire)
14.I was ________(disappoint) at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
15.Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, ________(absorb) in his videogames.
16._______(lose) in thought, he didn’t hearthe bell.
17. Highly _______(interest) in music,Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
18._______(please) with his music andsongs, they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
19.Though _______(affect) by gradualblindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for hisillness.
20.______(absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could "see" the beauty of the world around him, like hehad in his previous life.

二．用所给动词的正确形式完成短文

Well 1_______(know) as a successful band,the Impact members show quite a few 2____(strike) qualities. They never evergive up. When 3 _________ (question) by the media, they are not 4___________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves byattending several master training classes. They are united. 5_________ (fill)with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.

【参考答案】
一.1. Painted 2.Unemployed 3.Moved 4.Corrected 5.Recorded 6.Invited
7. frightened ;frightened; frightening 8. exciting; excited 9.encouraged ; encouraging 10.moved; moving 11.accompanied 12.promoted 13.tired 14.disappointed 15.absorbed 16.Lost 17. interested 18. Pleased 19. affected 20. Absorbed
二．1. known 2. striking 3. questioned 4. discouraged 5. Filled

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