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选择性必修第三册
第一步：理词汇　　词汇过关(基础＋拓展)
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.______________ n.困境；逆境
2.______________ n. 工资
3.______________ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
4.______________ n. 探险；远征；探险队
5.aboard adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
6.______________ n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
7.steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
8.______________ vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 vi.&vt.(使)变皱 n. 拥挤的人群
9.______________ vi. (sank or sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没
10.stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具
11.______________ n. 毯子
12.banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器)
13.______________ n.& vi.航海；航行
14. navy n. 海军；海军部队
15.______________adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
16.______________ adj. 自私的
17.______________ adj. 脾气好的/坏的
18.______________ n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
19.______________ adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
20.______________ vi. & n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声
21. rugby n. 橄榄球运动
22.______________ n. 球拍；蝙蝠 vi. & vt. (-tted，-tted) 用球板击球；挥打；拍打
23.______________ adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
24.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
25.______________ adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
26. motor n. 发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的
27.______________ n. 候选人；应试者
28.______________ n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
29. Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家(学说)
一、单词拼写
1.Standing in the b________ cold air，she wrapped her coat tighter around herself waiting for the bus to arrive.
2.With the air conditioner on，she put a b________ over the sleeping child.
3.Helen was chosen for the job because she was the superior c________.
4.Hurry up! We need to get to the top of the mountain before the sun s________ in the west.
5.Years of hard work made my mother’s hands r________ and hard.
6.Can you hear the b________ of the dog far away It sounds sort of miserable.
7.The plane crashed，killing 52 passengers a________.
8.The captain ordered all passengers and ________(船员) into lifeboats，all of whom were lucky enough to be saved by a passing ship later.
9.Bad weather delayed the ________(探险) and the team had to stay an extra night in the camp.
10.As we all know，he is ________(脾气好的) and he gets along well with everyone.
11.Timmy has been playing table tennis for two hours. His short hair has been ________(潮湿的) with sweat.
12.She refused to sit down in case she ________(弄皱) her dress.
13.The scholar behaves in such a ________(得体的) manner that we think he’s a real gentleman.
14.The road to happiness is paved with so many ________(逆境). He who has undergone such bitterness can finally make himself a true man.
15.The teacher，together with his students，is giving the classroom a ________(彻底的) cleaning.
16.The divorce and the depression—it’s an ________(一段经历) in his life that he wants to forget.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→________ vt. 忍受；忍耐
2.vigour n. 精力；力量；活力→________ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
3.________ adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualify vt. & vi. (使)有资格；(使)有权利
4.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热心地→enthusiast n. 热心者；爱好者；热烈支持者→________ n. 热情；热心；热忱
5.assign vt. 分派；布置；分配→________ n. 工作；任务；分派；布置
6.envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌→________ adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的→enviously adv. 羡慕地；妒忌地
7.abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃→________ adj. 被抛弃的；废弃的
8.belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→________ vi. 应在(某处)；适应；合得来
9.________ adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的→miserably adv. 痛苦地；令人难受地→misery n. 痛苦；悲惨；不幸的事
10.________ adj. 温馨的；舒适的→cosiness n. 温馨；舒适
11.selfish adj. 自私的→________ adj. 无私的
12.________ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinely adv. 真正地；真诚地
13.________ n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→persevering adj.坚韧不拔的；不屈不挠的
14.resolve vi. & vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→________ n. 决议；坚定；解决→resolute adj. 坚决的；有决心的
15.cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→________ n. 残忍；残酷；残暴
16.furniture n.家具→furnish v. 为(房屋等)配备家具→________ adj.配备家具的
17.________ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→unfortunate adj. 不幸的→misfortune n. 厄运；不幸→fortunately adv. 幸运地
18.________ n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏→recreate vi.再现；再创造→recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的
19.________ n. 指导；引导；导航→guide n. 指南；向导 v. 给某人领路(或导游)；指引→guided adj. 有导游的；有向导的
20.advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi. 公布；宣传；做广告→________ n.广告；启事
21.navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→navigate v. 航行；导航→________ n. 航行；领航
22.loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→________ n. 忠诚；忠实→disloyal adj. 不忠诚的；不忠实的
23.________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt. 承诺； 犯(错误或罪行)vi. 忠于→committed adj. 尽心尽力的
24.motive n. 动机；原因；目的→motivate vt. 成为……的动机；激发→motivated adj. 积极的；主动的→________ n. 动力；动机
二、单句语法填空
1.We should learn to be truly happy for the success of our friends，rather than ________(envy).
2.Generally，students’ inner ________(motivate) is essential to their development.
3.He can do whatever he has chosen to do with great ________(persevere).
4.I just escaped from the flood and all my ________(belong) were swept away.
5.Good ________(advertise) often use words to which people attach positive meaning.
6.They listened with great interest，and then ________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures.
7.I want to travel abroad，but ________(fortunate) my savings aren’t enough to cover the expenses of the trip.
8.If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a ________(commit).
9.Edward’s ________(loyal) to the soccer team is never in doubt. You can rely on him.
10.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ________(assign) at the office of a popular English newspaper.
11.The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted，and we also need your ________(guide) on our performance.
12.The house was simply ________(furnish)，but one could feel its warm and cosy atmosphere.
13.The cold，hard ________(cruel) of two young men is vividly brought to life in this true story.
14.He is well ________(qualify) for the job，but he does lack personality.
15.An ________(abandon) baby was found in a box on the steps.
16.It is a good idea to make a New Year’s ________(resolve) to start a reading group with friends.
17.Running a marathon is a test of human ________(endure).
18.The expedition was wrecked by bad planning and poor ________(navigate).
19.With numerous assignments to complete，they are unable to participate in other sports and ________(recreation) events.
20.Most of the unemployed are not work-shy and they ________(genuine) do want jobs.
第二步：辨短语　　短语点兵(必会＋出彩)
必会短语
1.拒绝(某人)　　________________________________________
2.生火________________________________________
3.放出(热、光、气味或气体)________________________________________
出彩短语
1.bitter cold 严寒
2.full of vigour/energy/enthusiasm 充满活力/精力/热情
3.be ________for .../to do ... 有做……的资格
qualify sb for/to do ... 使某人有资格做……
4.be/become ________about ... 对……热情/热心
5.go aboard(the ship/plane) 上(船/飞机)
aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上
Welcome aboard! 欢迎各位乘客!
All aboard! 请大家上车(或船等)!
6.________ sb to (do) sth 指派某人(做)某工作
7.be the envy ________sb/sth 成为羡慕/妒忌的对象
green with envy 眼红的
be envious of ... 羡慕/妒忌……
8.be stuck/trapped/caught in... 被困在……
9.sink into a chair 颓然倒进椅子里
sink deeper into depression 越来越消沉
10.abandon the ship 弃船
abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……；沉迷于……
11.keep one’s ________up 振作精神
12.lose/keep one’s temper 发脾气/忍住怒火
13.go from bad to worse 每况愈下
14.resolve to do sth 决定/决心做某事
resolve on (doing) sth 决定/决心(做)某事
15.cheer sb up 使某人振作起来
16.a rough sea/road波涛汹涌的大海/崎岖的路
be rough/hard on sb对某人粗暴/苛刻
17.be ________to 致力于
commit oneself to doing sth承诺，保证(做某事；遵守协议或遵从安排等)
make a commitment 作出承诺
18.under the guidance of ... 在……的指导下
三、短语填空
1.If plastic and rubber are burnt，they’ll ________________(放出) poisonous gases.
2.She has ________________(拒绝) several invitations to star in shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
3.The tourists explored the caves until they found a safe spot to ________________(生火) and warm up after a long day of trekking.
4.He ________________(对……热情) sports and eventually became an athlete after years of hard work.
5.My mother was ________________(振作) by the news that she was likely to be out of hospital in a day or two.
6.I don’t want to ________________(被困在) an office all my life—I want to live... I want thrills!
7.We have been struggling for a few days，but things on the island are going________________(每况愈下).
8.After such a long vacation，she returned to work ________________(充满活力) and enthusiasm.
9.Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has ________________(下决心) spare no effort to protect them.
10.The prime minister has said that the government is ________________(致力于) the preservation of the country’s national interests.
11.I must admit，I’m a bit ________________(妒忌) my friend’s ability to speak three languages fluently.
12.Having tried in vain to land a decent job，he ____________________(越来越消沉).
第三步：明句式　　句式提升(经典＋仿写)
1.[课文原句] ... Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.……嗯，碰巧有一天早晨，我买了一份报纸，看到了一则关于南极探险的广告。
[句式]It happens＋that从句
[仿写]碰巧天气在我们野餐前及时放晴，使得这一天变得完美。
____________________ the weather cleared up just in time for our picnic，making the day perfect.
2.[课文原句]We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive，but spring is coming，and the ice will soon begin to melt.
我们现在在冰上扎营，并且一直在设法生存，但是春天来了，冰很快就会开始融化。
[句式]have been doing为现在完成进行时的基本结构
[仿写]自从人类开始园艺以来，我们一直在尽力使我们的环境更美丽。
Since humankind started gardening we ____________________to make our environment more beautiful.
3.[课文原句]Without Frank and Ernest，we’d all be dead by now.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在全都死了。
[句式]含without的含蓄虚拟条件句
[仿写]没有您的耐心指导，我不可能取得这么大的成就。
________________________，I couldn’t have made so great an achievement.
4.[课文原句]If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.如果不是海洋动物，我们都饿死了。
[句式]if引导的虚拟条件句
[仿写]要不是他及时慷慨的帮助，我们公司将会在濒临破产的边缘。
If ________________his timely and generous help，our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy.
5.[课文原句]What if they were delayed 要是他们被耽搁了怎么办
[句式]what if引导的从句
[仿写]如果我们这次走一条不同的路线去海滩会怎样呢 我们可能会发现一些我们以前从未见过的美丽地方。
______________________________________ We might discover some beautiful spots we’ve never seen before.
第四步：析语篇　　课文填空(改编＋考点)
Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered 1.________ great honour to be part of his expeditions. Blackborow applied 2.________(join) an expedition with Shackleton which was turned down because he was too young and not 3.________(qualify) enough. However，with his courage and 4.________(endure)，he managed to stay on the ship and 5.________(assign) to serve meals for twenty-eight men，three times a day. Their voyage did not go 6.________(smooth). The ship became 7.________(stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica，and it got crushed by the ice at last. They camped on the ice and managed 8.________(survive). They had been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island were going from bad to 9.________(bad). Without Frank and Ernest，they’d all be dead. Their genuine concern for others，their 10.________(persevere)，and their resolve filled Blackborow with hope.
Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思)
1.(1)These qualities，in turn，are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. _______________
(2)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system._____________
2.The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans._______________
3.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned._____________
4.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts._____________
5.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.______________
6.The bark of the young tree was removed and soon it died.______________
7.Obviously，the writer attempted a recreation of the sights and sounds of his childhood._______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ________(advertise) as lost in the local paper.
2.He was ________(bitter) disappointed not to get the job.
3.For the past two years，Gordon’s students ________(study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a solution.
4.If we ________(catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
5.With all these advantages，I hold the firm belief that I will be very ________(qualify) to be a good volunteer.
6.Parents and teachers should provide________(guide) to ensure that the Internet best serves the mental and physical growth of the teens.
Ⅲ.词汇与高考写作链接
1.赏词猜义(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)
(1)①Turn down the volume of the radio； otherwise it will disturb the neighbours._____________
②He turned down the job because it involved too much travelling._____________
(2)①His arm was badly crushed in the car accident._______________
②My dress got all crushed in my suitcase._______________
③He was crushed by the news of the accident._______________
④You can come in our car，but it’ll be a bit of a crush._______________
⑤She has a crush on one of her male classmates in college._______________
(3)①The dog sank her teeth into the ball and ran off with it._______________
②The sink was full of dirty dishes._______________
③The boat was beginning to sink fast._______________
④He sank into deep depression when he lost his job._______________
(4)①She shivered，and gathered the blanket around her._______________
②Outside the fields were blanketed in fog._______________
(5)①It was a rough mountain road，full of stones and huge holes._______________
②My hands get very rough in the cold._______________
③She made a rough calculation of the likely cost._______________
2.完成句子
(1)On the one hand，too much praise might lead to children’s ________________(热情的缺乏) to explore new things，for they are afraid they won’t meet their parents’ expectations.
(2)________________(全力以赴的承诺) and enough attention can help sharpen your thinking ability and get yourself actively involved.
(3)He is a natural leader，the kind of person everyone would normally have wanted on their team.But he is also self-centred and ______________________(脾气很坏).
(4)It was a chilly winter night，the moon shining brightly and the snow____________________(覆盖着地面).
(5)The lighthouse illuminates my way，helping me____________________________(在人生的海洋中航行).
(6)As I sat there，____________________________(心中充满了自豪)，it dawned on me that I had taught him ________(坚持) in the face of ________(逆境).
(7)The thought of tasting the smooth bitterness of the chocolate made me ________________(完全清醒)，________________________(在床上辗转反侧).
(8)Awarded the title of the Excellent Graduate，he is ____________________________________(一位充满热情和有抱负的年轻人) with great potentiality.
3.品词赏句
(1)When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。
(2)It’s cold and windy.I feel low.I try to think of happy things： decent food，warm and dry clothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days and my mother’s face...However，these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
天气很冷还刮着风。我情绪很低落，我试图去想快乐的事情：像样的食物，温暖和干燥的衣服，一个舒适的卧室，阳光明媚的日子和我妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的记忆很快被一阵突如其来的冷风打断了。
(3)Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对他人的真诚关心、他们的毅力和他们的决心使我充满了希望。
(4)Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式应对我们的恐惧。这是我一生中永远不会忘记的一段经历。
(5)Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
我们对沙克尔顿的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活下去。作为回报，他承诺将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。
(6)When I receive a genuine apology，I always consider the people’s feelings and make sure my response shows them their apology was fully heard and truly appreciated.
当我收到真诚的道歉时，我总是考虑到人们的感受，并确保我的回应表明他们的道歉得到了充分的倾听，并得到了真正的理解。
(7)His harsh，raspy voice reminded me of the sound of dry autumn leaves crushed underfoot.
他那刺耳的、沙哑的声音使我想起了秋叶在脚下被踩碎的声音。
4.语篇美文
阅读下面的名言，并结合你的生活经历写一篇文章，体现你的感悟与思考。
Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak； courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.
—Winston Churchill
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)文中不得出现真实个人信息。
[参考范文]
As Winston Churchill put it，“Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak； courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.” This insight has had a significant impact on my understanding of interpersonal communication and the essence of courage itself.
In my opinion，when we make mistakes，we need to stand up and admit them. Encountering injustice or seeing others being in a difficult situation，we should also have the courage to express our views and defend others. These are all manifestations of our courage. If we meet setbacks in life or we are at the low point of life，we should not feel hopeless and mad or abandon ourselves. Instead，it is important that we ought to calm down and think of solutions or listen to others’ suggestions with an open mind.
Churchill’s quote reminds us that balance is key. Both actions require their own form of courage，and both are necessary for building meaningful connections and resolving conflicts. It is a lesson I carry with me every day.
Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
第一层　教材夯基提能
第一步：理词汇
Ⅰ.1.adversity　2.wage　3.bitter　4.expedition　6.cupboard
8.crush　9.sink　11.blanket　13.voyage　15.decent　16.selfish　17.good/bad-tempered　18.crew　19.thorough　20.bark　22.bat
23.damp　25.rough　27.candidate　28.episode
Ⅱ.1.endure　2.vigorous　3.qualified　4.enthusiasm　5.assignment　6.envious　7.abandoned　8.belong　9.miserable　10.cosy
11.selfless　12.genuine　13.perseverance　14.resolution
15.cruelty　16.furnished　17.unfortunately　18.recreation
19.guidance　20.advertisement　21.navigation　22.loyalty
mitment　24.motivation
一、1.bitter　2.blanket　3.candidate　4.sinks　5.rough　6.bark
7.aboard　8.crew　9.expedition　10.good-tempered　11.damp　12.crushed　13.decent　14.adversities　15.thorough　16.episode
二、1.envious　2.motivation　3.perseverance　4.belongings
5.advertisements　6.enthusiastically　7.unfortunately
8.commitment　9.loyalty　10.assignment　11.guidance
12.furnished　13.cruelty　14.qualified　15.abandoned
16.resolution　17.endurance　18.navigation　19.recreational　20.genuinely
第二步：辨短语
必会短语
1.turn sb down　2.make fire　3.give off
出彩短语
3.qualified　4.enthusiastic　6.assign　7.of　11.spirits　mitted
三、1.give off　2.turned down　3.make fire　4.was enthusiastic about
5.cheered up　6.be stuck in　7.from bad to worse　8.full of vigour
9.resolved to　mitted to　11.envious of　12.sank deeper into depression
第三步：明句式
1.It happened that　2.have been trying　3.Without your patient guidance　4.it hadn’t been for　5.What if we took a different route to the beach this time
第四步：析语篇
1.a　2.to join　3.qualified　4.endurance　5.was assigned　6.smoothly
7.stuck　8.to survive　9.worse　10.perseverance
第二层　高考拓展视角
Ⅰ.1.(1)v.赋予　(2)adj.指定的　2.adj.大致的,粗略的　3.adj. 被抛弃的　4.n. 全体工作人员　5.n.动机　6.n.树皮　7.n.再现
Ⅱ.1.advertised　2.bitterly　3.have been studying　4.had caught
5.qualified　6.guidance
Ⅲ.1.(1)①关小,调低　②拒绝　(2)①v.压伤　②v.弄皱　③v.使极度伤心；使震惊　④n.拥挤的人群　⑤n.迷恋　(3)①v.用(牙)咬
②n.洗碗槽　③v.下沉　④v.陷入　(4)①n.毛毯　②v.笼罩
(5)①adj.高低不平的；崎岖的　②adj.(表面)粗糙的　③adj.粗略的；大致的
2.(1)lack of enthusiasm　(2)Full commitment　(3)has a very bad temper　(4)blanketing the ground　(5)navigate in the sea of life
(6)my heart bursting with pride； perseverance； adversity　(7)wide awake； tossing and turning in bed　(8)an enthusiastic and ambitious young man

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