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选择性必修第一册
第一步：理词汇　　词汇过关(基础＋拓展)
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.hybrid n.杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2.__________ vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
3.__________ n.(pl. crises)危机；危急关头
4.__________ vt.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励
5.yield n.产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步
6.__________ n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
7.__________ vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
8. pollinate vt._________
9.__________ vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
10.__________n.产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出
11.__________ vt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算
12.domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
13.__________ vt.包括；包含；由……组成
14.strain n.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
15.__________ n.闲暇；休闲；空闲
16.soil n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土
17.celebrity n.___________
18.sorghum n.___________
19. broom n.___________
20.grain n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒
21.__________ adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
22.__________ n.炸弹vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
23.tunnel n.地下通道；地道；隧道
24.wheat n.小麦；小麦籽
25.__________ n.味道；特点；特色
26. fertiliser n._________
27.alleviate vt._________
28.__________ adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
29.pesticide n.____________
30.__________ adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
31. bacterium n.________
32.__________ vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘
33.__________ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
34.mineral n.___________
35.__________ n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
36.__________ n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
37.__________ n.例子；实例；事例
38.__________ n.根；根茎；根部；根源
39.__________ n.方面；层面
一、单词拼写
1.India a________ independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle.
2.Many people found themselves out of work as a direct consequence of the economic c________.
3.Water is e________ for all known forms of life，without which nothing can survive and continue.
4.The manager is clearly in a dilemma about how to t________ the tough problem.
5.Although we suffer from many serious natural disasters，we are sure to o________ all difficulties.
6.Yuan Longping became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that had a high o________ in 1974.
7.How can you expect to d________ your food properly when you eat your meals so fast
8.Apart from what you have mentioned above，do you have any ________(可供替代的) plan
9.We need to employ more experienced workers to ________(提高) production.
10.The ________(国内的) market is still depressed，but the demand abroad is picking up.
11.It’s a great relief that the medicine works well to ________(减轻) her suffering and pain.
12.With the development of science and technology，the house in the future will be smart and caring in many________(方面).
13.Thousands of people today migrate from the countryside to the ________(都市的) areas in search of work.
14.Genes determine the ________(特征) of every living thing.
15.I ________(估计) that the total cost of treatment will go from $9，000 to $12，500.
16.Now there’s a lot more evidence of how powerful a ________(名人)—especially a professional athlete—can be in influencing children’s behaviour.
17.We have received ________(广泛的) support for the new proposal and there is ample evidence showing that it is workable.
18.You can’t have it both ways—you either work longer and get paid more or have more ________(休闲) time and get paid less.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj. 忠诚的→ ________n. 献身；忠诚；专心
2.________ n.不足；缺少；短缺→ short adj. 不足的；缺少的→shorten v.(使)变短；缩短
3.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convinced adj. 确信的；信服的→__________ adj.令人信服的
4.convention n.常规；习俗；惯例→________ adj.传统的；习惯的
5.________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume vt. 假设，认为→assuming conj.假定，假设
6.________ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的→intensity n. 强烈；紧张；剧烈→intensely adv. 强烈地
7.expand vt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→__________ n.扩大；增加
8.consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→________ vt.消费；消耗；使充满(强烈的感情)→consumer n.消费者
9.________ vt.产生；引起→generation n. 一代(人)；产生，发生
10.envision vt.展望；想象→________ n.视力；视野；想象；影像；幻象；异象
11.________ n.现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地
12.________ adj.含盐的；咸的→ salt n. 盐
13.extend v. 延伸；延长；扩大→________ n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extensive adj.广泛的；大量的
14.________ adj.与化学有关的；化学的n. 化学制品；化学品→chemistry n.化学；化学组成→chemist n.化学家；药剂师
15.________ n.营养；滋养→nutritious adj. 营养丰富的；有营养的→nutritional adj.营养(物)的→ malnutrition n.营养不良
16.poor adj. 贫穷的；可怜的→________ n. 贫穷；贫困
17.deep adj. 深的；纵深的 → ________n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
18.________ adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完整的；完全的
二、单句语法填空
1.In an ideal world there would be no ________(poor) and disease.
2.Her childhood dream became a ________(real) when she went on stage as the lead actress.
3.Bethune，a ________friend of Chinese，________his life to helping Chinese. I really respect his ________to medical work.(devote)
4.The underlying ________(assume) is that the amount of money available is limited.
5.If you are in need of a deadline ________(extend)，simply explain the situation to the professor.
6.She devoted herself ________(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
7.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the ________(deep) of her knowledge.
8.As a nation，our ________(consume) of junk food is horrifying and it’s time for us to do something about it.
9.Most people in Africa still struggle against natural disasters and lead a miserable life for lack of ________(nutrition) food.
10.The ________of exercise led to his weakness. So he ________his time of playing computer games to take exercise.(short)
11.My teacher’s ________words finally ________me to get rid of my bad habits，which were bad for my health.(convince)
12.A student’s vocabulary ________through reading. In turn，the ________of the vocabulary contributes to digesting the reading materials.(expand)
13.It is quite common to see that people here still wear their hair short and dress ________(convention).
14.It is abundantly clear that even the fast-food business is ________(intense) competitive.
15.Salt takes in plenty of water，so most bacteria cannot live in a ________(salt) environment.
16.The wind farm may be able to ________(generation) enough electricity for 2，000 homes.
17.She ________(vision) that in five years the campus will have a large gymnasium.
第二步：辨短语　　短语点兵(必会＋出彩)
必会短语
1.把……用于；献身；致力；专心________________________________________
2.包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)________________________________________
3.在内心深处；本质上；实际上________________________________________
4.相应地；转而；依次；轮流________________________________________
5.例如；比如________________________________________
出彩短语
1.________ the crisis 处理危机
2.attain a higher yield 获得更高的产量
3.overcome enormous technical difficulties克服巨大的技术难题
4.work the land 种地
5.________ a career 追求一份事业
6.through intense effort 通过巨大的努力
7.expand the output 扩大产量
8.given that 鉴于；考虑到
9.(retire to) a life of leisure (退休后)过悠闲的生活
10.care little for celebrity and money不在乎名誉和金钱
11.fulfil one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
12.focus on 集中于
13.far ________the case 远非如此
14.be in ________use 广泛使用
15.switch to 转向
16.keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
17.serve the high demand for... 满足对……的高需求
18.________________ 完全不，远不及
19.care for 照看，照顾；喜欢
20.cut down 砍倒
21.at home and abroad 在国内外
22.depend on 依赖；依靠
23.boost yields 提高产量
24.have a ________of... 缺乏……
三、短语填空
1.It is said that this medical team ________________(由……组成) many famous medical experts.
2.Theories originate from practice and ________________(转而) serve practice.
3.With more and more trees ________________(砍倒)，large quantities of soil are being washed away.
4.________________(鉴于) his family was poor，what he did deserved to be respected.
5.________________(实际上；本质上)，it is humans who should take responsibility for natural disasters.
6.What’s more，robots can deal with emergencies. ________________(比如)，if an old man falls ill suddenly，the robot will call doctors for help.
7.Some people begin to envision success ahead，but this is still ________________(远非如此) and efforts have to be reinforced in this area.
8.Winter is coming，and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to keep them ________________(免于) cold.
9.As I stepped into Senior 3，I had to ________most of my spare time________(把……用于) studying.
10.Our wonderful vision of space travel is ________________(远不及) a reality. It still has a long way to go.
11.I don’t really ________________(喜欢) spicy food.
12.It’s our parents’ hope that we students should resist temptations but just ________________(集中在) study and exams alone.
13.While ________________(休闲的生活) may be appealing to many，the fact is that work is important to our overall lifestyle and identity.
14.According to the latest research，many companies ____________________(缺乏) skilled staff.
15.To live a low-carbon life，some people now ________________(转向) bike sharing and many other electric cars as an alternative.
第三步：明句式　　句式提升(经典＋仿写)
1.[课文原句]Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
[句式]that 指代上文提到的同类事物
[仿写]我更喜欢住在农村的原因是那里的空气比城市的空气新鲜得多。
The reason why I prefer to live in the countryside is that the air is much fresher than ________of the city.
2.[课文原句] However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏吃的食物。
[句式]what引导主语从句
[仿写]老师说的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。
__________________________________ the famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
3.[课文原句]Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
[句式]It is estimated that... 据估算/计……
[仿写]据估计，这个新的城市公园每年将吸引一百多万游客，大大促进当地的旅游业发展。
____________________ the new city park will attract over a million visitors each year，significantly boosting the local tourism.
4.[课文原句]Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.
为什么要种植不同作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。
[句式]现在分词短语作结果状语
[仿写]如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾并不少见，这对我们的生活和环境造成了严重的危害。
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，__________________to our life and the environment.
5.[课文原句]Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
[句式]given that引导状语从句
[仿写] 鉴于你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣，我邀请你参加我们学校的文化艺术节。
______________________________________________________，I invite you to take part in the Culture and Arts Festival in our school.
第四步：析语篇　　课文填空(改编＋考点)
Yuan Longping，1.________(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”，was one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet，he considered 2.________(him) a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to 3.________ he had devoted his life.
After 4.________(graduate) in 1953，he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead，farmers needed 5.________(boost) yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a 6.________(challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more 7.________(variety) of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common 8.________(assume) then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 9.________ could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 10.________(great).
Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)
1.Compared to traditional garden plots，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly._______________
2.In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use._______________
3.As cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find._______________
4.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads，but also outside，in society，in social memory，social conventions and social relations._______________
5.“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study._______________
6.Often，they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds._______________
7.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story._______________
8.Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a vision._______________
9.According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake._______________
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s，allowing for a new generation of virtual ________(real).
2.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water ________(short).
3.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the ________(assume) that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centres.
4.You also need to judge the quality and ________(deep) of your motivation.
5.Many students are in favour of wearing the traditional Chinese clothes，________(assume) they can reflect Chinese culture.
6.She is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and ________(nutrition) meals on a tight budget.
Ⅲ.词汇与高考写作链接
1.赏词猜义(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思)
(1)①Sit still and allow your meal to digest._______________
②This chapter is so difficult to digest. I’ll have to read it again later._______________
③I only read this digest of the novel，so I don’t know the details._______________
(2)I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now._______________
(3)Overcome with emotion，she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes._______________
(4)Passing my driving test was such a boost to my confidence._______________
(5)Many consumers are now preferring domestic products over imported ones，contributing to the growth of local businesses._______________
(6)Their constant arguments are putting a strain on their marriage._______________
(7)The bar has recently extended its opening hours._______________
2.完成句子
(1)________________________________(致力于获得博士学位)，he spares no effort to study every day.
(2)It is high time/about time that we took/should take some effective measures to ________________________(解决污染问题).
(3)The champion team was presented with an award and the leader addressed a speech which ________________________(提升……的士气) all the volleyball teams.
(4)I ________________(相信) you can stand out among so many candidates owing to your brilliance ________________________(在每方面).
(5)________________________(提高我们的……能力是必不可少的) to communicate properly and address difficulties.
(6)The need for speed is so ________________(根深蒂固) modern society that we often forget to press pause and think about the things that get better with time.
(7)Faced with such a highly contagious disease then，we ________________________________(别无选择，只能待在家里) to alleviate the serious situation.
(8)The heavy rain continued for three days，________________________________________(淹没了许多房屋，对村庄造成了巨大的破坏).
3.品词赏句
(1)The end of the book isn’t very convincing.It leaves much to be desired.
这本书的结尾不太令人信服。它还有很多不足之处。
(2)Whenever your emotion is out of control，just keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success.
当你的情绪失控时，请记住：只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。
(3)Faced with so many new things to learn，I was overcome by fear and was at a loss.
面对这么多要学习的新事物，我充满恐惧，不知所措。
(4)You are industrious，spending almost all of your time on teaching and even sacrificing much of your leisure time.
你很勤奋，几乎把所有的时间都花在教学上，甚至牺牲了很多闲暇时间。
(5)The opportunity had gone and his mind scrabbled for alternatives.
机会已经失去了，他苦苦思索别的方案。
(6)Only by comparing ourselves with others can we know the aspects we are weak in，and we’ll make efforts to improve ourselves to a higher level.
只有通过与他人的比较，我们才能知道自己的弱点，并努力将自己提升到一个更高的水平。
(7)The global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming，environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.
主要由于全球变暖、环境污染和人口不断增长，全球水资源短缺日益严重。
(8)Over time，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can harm both the land and people’s health.
然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，它们的长期使用对土地和人们的健康都有危害。
(9)It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想，这让全世界都感到惊讶。
4.语篇美文
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征集关于著名科学家袁隆平的事迹及其科学精神的文章。请你写一篇短文投稿。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80左右；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Yuan Longping，known as the “father of hybrid rice”，was one of China’s most distinguished scientists. Yet he labelled himself as a farmer for he was constantly labouring on the land in his life.
Yuan was born in 1930 in Beijing. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953，he worked as a researcher to pursue a career in agriculture. At that moment，he realised the key to tackling hunger was to boost yields in the fields. Over the following years，he overcame great technical difficulties.Through intense and tireless efforts，he successfully developed the first hybrid rice，which enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Owing to his invaluable contributions，Yuan received numerous prizes at home and abroad. He was so unselfish that he devoted his achievements to helping other countries.What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability and unremitting efforts(不懈的努力) to fulfil his dream，which will inspire us youth forever.
Unit 5　Working the Land
第一层　教材夯基提能
第一步：理词汇
Ⅰ.2.tackle　3.crisis　4.boost　6.characteristic　7.attain　8.授粉；传粉　9.overcome　10.output　11.estimate　prise
15.leisure　17.名望；名誉；名人；名流　18.高粱；高粱米　19.扫把；扫帚；金雀花　21.urban　22.bomb　25.flavour　26.肥料　27.减轻；缓解　28.organic　29.杀虫剂；除害药物　30.widespread
31.细菌　32.digest　33.essential　34.矿物；矿物质　35.alternative
36.grocery　37.instance　38.root　39.aspect
Ⅱ.1.devotion　2.shortage　3.convincing　4.conventional
5.assumption　6.intense　7.expansion　8.consume　9.generate　10.vision　11.reality　12.salty　13.extension　14.chemical
15.nutrition　16.poverty　17.depth　18.entirely
一、1.attained　2.crisis　3.essential　4.tackle　5.overcome　6.output
7.digest　8.alternative　9.boost　10.domestic　11.alleviate
12.aspects　13.urban　14.characteristics　15.estimate
16.celebrity　17.widespread　18.leisure
二、1.poverty　2.reality　3.devoted； devoted； devotion　4.assumption
5.extension　6.entirely　7.depth　8.consumption　9.nutritious　10.shortage； shortened　11.convincing； convinced　12.expands； expansion　13.conventionally　14.intensely　15.salty　16.generate
17.envisions
第二步：辨短语
必会短语
1.devote...to　2.be comprised of　3.deep down　4.in turn
5.for instance
出彩短语
1.tackle　5.pursue　13.from　14.widespread　18.nowhere near　24.shortage
三、1.is comprised of　2.in turn　3.cut down　4.Given that　5.Deep down　6.For instance　7.far from the case　8.free of/from
9.devote； to　10.nowhere near　11.care for　12.focus on　13.a life of leisure　14.have a shortage of 　15.switch to
第三步：明句式
1.that　2.What the teacher said reminds me of　3.It is estimated that　4.causing serious harm　5.Given that you are so interested in traditional Chinese culture
第四步：析语篇
1.known　2.himself　3.whom　4.graduating/graduation　5.to boost
6.challenging　7.varieties　8.assumption　9.that　10.greatly
第二层　高考拓展视角
Ⅰ.1.v.改善；促进　2.n.休闲　3.adj.都市的　4.n.习俗　5.v.创造　6.n.化学物质　7.违反道德常理　8.n.远见；对未来的想法
9.n.消费
Ⅱ.1.reality　2.shortage　3.assumption　4.depth　5.assuming
6.nutritious
Ⅲ.1.(1)①v.消化　②v.理解　③n.摘要　(2)v.屈服；让步
(3)v.被……所控制；受到……的极大影响　(4)n.提高,增强
(5)adj.国内的　(6)n.压力　(7)v.延长
2.(1)Devoted to attaining a doctor’s degree　(2)tackle the problem of pollution　(3)boosted the morale of　(4)am convinced that； in every aspect　(5)It is essential to improve our ability　(6)deeply rooted in　(7)had no alternative/choice but to stay at home
(8)flooding many houses and causing great damage to the village
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