Unit 1 Friendship词汇清单(表格式) 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

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Unit 1 Friendship词汇清单(表格式) 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

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八上U1 Friendships enrich our lives.
词汇(音标) 释义 易混词辨析 高频考点 + 例句
名词类(事物 / 情感 / 身份)
balloon /b lu n/ 气球(可数);膨胀(动词) balloon 是 “轻气体填充的气球”(air balloon);ball 是 “实心 / 充气的球”(football) 1. 名词搭配 “a red balloon”“blow up a balloon”,动词 “膨胀”(The balloon balloons); 2. 例句:She buys a balloon for her sister.(她给妹妹买了个气球。)
badminton / b dm nt n/ 羽毛球 (运动 / 器材,不可数 / 可数) badminton 用 “羽毛球拍 ”,场地小 tennis 用 “网球拍 + 网球”,场地大 1. 运动前不加 “the”,搭配 “play badminton”; 2. 例句:We play badminton after school.(我们课后打羽毛球。) 3. 例句:He has a new badminton racket.(他有一副新羽毛球拍。)
bit /b t/ 一点、少量 (名词);咬(动词过去式 / 过去分词) bit 常与 “a”“little” 搭配(a bit of water); a little 直接修饰不可数名词(a little water) 1. 考点:“一点” 搭配 “a bit of + 不可数名词”“a bit + 形容词”,动词 “咬” 是 “bite” 的过去式(He bit an apple.); 2. have a bit of time.(我有一点时间。) 3. The dog bit him yesterday.(狗咬了他。)
danger / de nd (r)/ 危险(不可数) danger 是名词(in danger);dangerous 是形容词(a dangerous animal) 1. 考点:搭配 “in danger”“out of danger”“put sb. in danger”; 2. The animal is in danger.(这只动物处于危险中。) 3. 例句:Don’t put yourself in danger.(别让自己陷入危险。)
feeling / fi l / 感觉、情感(可数 / 不可数) feeling 是 “日常轻微感觉”(a feeling of happiness); emotion 是 “强烈情感”(strong emotions) 1. 考点:“感觉” 搭配 “a feeling of + 名词”,“情感” 常用复数(mixed feelings); 2. I have a feeling of joy.(我有快乐的感觉。) 3. She has mixed feelings about the trip.(她对这次旅行心情复杂。)
friendship / frend p/ 友谊、友情(不可数) friendship 是 “抽象的友谊”(valuable friendship) 1. 不可数“build friendship”“true friendship”; 2.True friendship lasts long.(真正的友谊长久。)
height /ha t/ 高度、身高(不可数 / 可数) height 是名词(the height of the tree); high 是形容词(a high tree)或副词(jump high) 1. 搭配 “one’s height”,“高度” 搭配 “the height of + 事物”; 2. 例句:What’s your height (你身高多少?) 3. 例句:The height of the mountain is 2000 meters.(山高 2000 米。)
humour / hju m (r)/ 幽默、幽默感(不可数) humour 是名词(a sense of humour) funny 是形容词(a funny story) 1.“a sense of humour”(幽默感) 2. 例句:He has a good sense of humour.(他很有幽默感。) 3. 例句:Her speech is full of humour.(她的演讲充满幽默。)
joke /d k/ 笑话、玩笑(名词 / 动词) joke 是 “善意的玩笑”(tell a joke) trick 是 “捉弄人的恶作剧”(play a trick on sb.) 1. “tell a joke”“a funny joke”,动词搭配 “joke about sth.”; 2. He tells a funny joke.(他讲了个有趣的笑话。) 3. 例句:Don’t joke about his weight.(别拿他的体重开玩笑。)
laugh /lɑ f/ 笑、笑声(动词 / 名词) laugh 是 “出声大笑”(laugh loudly) smile 是 “无声微笑”(smile gently) 1.动词搭配 “laugh at”(嘲笑,注意贬义)名词搭配 “a loud laugh”; 2. 例句:Don’t laugh at others.(别嘲笑别人。) 3. 例句:We hear a laugh from the room.(我们听到房间里的笑声。)
lie /la / 谎言(名词);躺 / 说谎(动词) lie 作 “躺” 时过去式 “lay” 作 “说谎” 时过去式 “lied”(He lied to me.);lay 过去式 “laid” 1. “谎言” 搭配 “tell a lie”,动词 “躺” 后接介词(lie on),“说谎” 接 “to sb.”; 2. He tells a lie to his mother.(他对妈妈说谎。) 3. 例句:The cat lies on the sofa.(猫躺在沙发上。)
person / p sn/ 人(可数,侧重个体) people 是 “多个的人”(many people),people 表 “民族” 时可数(peoples) 1. “a young person”“one person”; 2. 例句:Every person has a dream.(每个人都有梦想。) 3. 例句:A person needs water and food.(人需要水和食物。)
ponytail / p nite l/ 马尾辫(可数) ponytail 是 “具体的马尾辫发型”;hairstyle 是 “所有发型的统称”(a new hairstyle) “wear a ponytail”“a high ponytail”(高马尾); 2. 例句:She wears a ponytail to school.(她扎着马尾辫上学。) 3. 例句:I cut my ponytail short.(我把马尾辫剪短了。)
schoolwork / sku lw k/ 学业、功课(不可数) schoolwork 是 “学校所有学业任务”(包括课堂作业);homework 是 “课后家庭作业” 1. 考点:搭配 “do schoolwork”“finish schoolwork”; 2. 例句:She spends two hours on schoolwork every day.(她每天花两小时做学业任务。) 3. 例句:My schoolwork is difficult this term.(这学期我的功课很难。)
secret / si kr t/ 秘密(名词 / 形容词) secret 是 “主观隐瞒的秘密”(keep a secret);mystery 是 “客观未知的神秘事物”(solve a mystery) 1. 考点:名词搭配 “keep a secret”“tell a secret”,形容词搭配 “a secret plan”; 2.Can you keep a secret for me (你能帮我保密吗?) 3. They have a secret meeting.(他们开了个秘密会议。)
seat /si t/ 座位(可数);使就座(动词) seat 是名词 “座位”(take a seat) sit 是动词 “坐下”(sit down) 1. “take a seat”“find a seat”,动词 “使就座” 需接宾语(seat yourself); 2. 例句:Take a seat, please.(请坐。) 3.She seats herself by the window.(她坐在窗边。)
sense /sens/ 感官;感觉;意识(名词) sense 是 “客观感官(视觉、听觉等)” 或 “理性意识”(a sense of direction); feeling 是 “主观情感”(a feeling of sadness) 1. 考点:搭配 “the five senses”(五感)“a sense of + 名词”(方向感、责任感); 2. Dogs have a good sense of smell.(狗嗅觉灵敏。) 3. 例句:He has a strong sense of responsibility.(他有强烈的责任感。)
Sense of humour /sens v hju m (r)/ 幽默感(名词短语,英式;美式 “Sense of humor”) sense of humour 侧重 “发现幽默的能力”;sense of fun 侧重 “享受乐趣的心态” 1. 考点:不可数,搭配 “have a good sense of humour”“lack a sense of humour”; 2. 例句:People with a good sense of humour are popular.(有幽默感的人受欢迎。) 3. 例句:She has no sense of humour—she never laughs at jokes.(她没幽默感,听笑话从不笑。)
test /test/ 测试、考试(名词 / 动词) test 是 “小型测试 / 检验”(a math test); exam 是 “大型正式考试”(a final exam) 1. 考点:名词搭配 “take a test”“pass a test”,动词搭配 “test sth./sb.”; 2. 例句:We have a English test tomorrow.(我们明天有英语小测。) 3. 例句:The teacher tests our vocabulary.(老师测试我们的词汇。)
thought /θ t/ 想法、思考(名词);想(动词过去式 / 过去分词,think 的过去式) thought 是 “深入思考后的想法”(deep thoughts)或 “思考过程”;idea 是 “突发的、简单的想法”(a good idea) 1. 考点:名词搭配 “have a thought”“share one’s thoughts”; 2. 例句:I have a thought about the plan.(我对这个计划有个想法。) 3. 例句:She thought of a new way.(她想到了一个新方法。)
teenager / ti ne d (r)/ 青少年(13-19 岁,可数) “adult / d lt/(成人,18 岁以上)” teenager 特指 “青春期青少年”,有明确年龄范围 1. “a group of teenagers”“teenager problems”(青少年问题); 2. Most teenagers like music.(大多数青少年喜欢音乐。) 3. He is a teenager—he is 16 years old.
truth /tru θ/ 真相、真理(不可数 / 可数) truth 是 “主观认同的真相 / 真理”(tell the truth); fact 是 “客观存在的事实”(a known fact) 1. 考点:搭配 “tell the truth”“the truth about sth.”; 2. 例句:Tell me the truth—did you break it (告诉我真相,是你打碎的吗?) 3. 例句:The truth is he didn’t lie.(真相是他没撒谎。)
动词类(动作 / 态度)
attack / t k/ 攻击、袭击(动词 / 名词) attack 是 “主动攻击”(attack sb. suddenly);fight 是 “双方打斗”(fight with sb.) 1. 考点:动词搭配 “attack sb./sth.”,名词搭配 “an attack on sb.”; 2. 例句:The dog attacks the cat.(狗攻击猫。) 3. 例句:There is an attack on the city.(城市遭到袭击。)
believe /b li v/ 相信、认为(动词) believe 是 “相信观点 / 事实”(believe a story);trust 是 “信任人 / 事物的可靠性”(trust a friend) 1. 搭配 “believe sb.”“believe in sb./sth.”(信任 / 信仰)“believe that 从句”; 2. I believe your story.(我相信你的故事。) 3. 例句:We believe in his ability.(我们相信他的能力。)
encourage / n k r d / 鼓励、激励(动词) encourage 是 “给予信心”(encourage sb. to do);discourage 是 “打击信心”(discourage sb. from doing) 1. 考点:搭配 “encourage sb. to do sth.”; 2. 例句:My teacher encourages me to study hard.(老师鼓励我努力学习。) 3. 例句:Parents encourage their children to be brave.(父母鼓励孩子勇敢。)
fight /fa t/ 打架、战斗;抗争(动词 / 名词) fight 是 “肢体 / 激烈斗争”(fight with sb.);argue 是 “口头争论”(argue with sb. about sth.) 1. 考点:动词搭配 “fight with sb.”“fight for sth.”(为… 抗争),名词搭配 “a fight between sb.”; 2. 例句:Don’t fight with your classmates.(别和同学打架。) 3. 例句:They fight for freedom.(他们为自由抗争。)
lie /la / 躺、平放;说谎(动词,同前名词) lie 作 “躺” 时过去式 “lay”;作 “说谎” 时过去式 “lied”,现在分词 “lying”;lay 过去式 “laid” 1. 考点:“躺” 后接介词(lie on the bed),“说谎” 接 “to sb.”; 2. 例句:She lies on the grass.(她躺在草地上。) 3. 例句:He lies to his teacher.(他对老师说谎。)
nod /n d/ 点头(动词 / 名词) nod 是 “点头表同意”(nod in agreement); shake 是 “摇头表拒绝”(shake one’s head) 1. 考点:动词搭配 “nod at sb.”“nod in agreement”,名词搭配 “a nod of agreement”; 2. 例句:She nods at me.(她向我点头。) 3. 例句:He gives a nod of agreement.(他点头表示同意。)
understand / nd st nd/ 理解、明白(动词) understand 是 “理解含义 / 原因”(understand a story); know 是 “知道事实 / 信息”(know a fact) 1. 考点:搭配 “understand sb./sth.”“understand why/how 从句”; 2. 例句:I don’t understand this word.(我不理解这个单词。) 3. 例句:Do you understand why he left (你明白他为什么离开吗?)
形容词类(描述属性)
active / kt v/ 积极的、活跃的 active 是 “爱参与、爱行动”(an active student);inactive 是 “不参与、不行动”(an inactive life) 1. 考点:搭配 “be active in”(在… 方面积极)“active in sports”; 2. 例句:She is active in class.(她在课堂上很积极。) 3. 例句:He leads an active life.(他过着活跃的生活。)
brave /bre v/ 勇敢的、无畏的 brave 是 “面对困难不害怕”(a brave soldier);afraid 是 “感到害怕”(be afraid of dogs) 1. 考点:搭配 “be brave to do sth.”“a brave act”(勇敢的行为); 2. 例句:He is brave to climb the mountain.(他勇敢地去爬山。) 3. It’s a brave decision.(这是个勇敢的决定。)
caring / ke r / 关心他人的、体贴的 caring 是 “关注他人需求”(a caring teacher);careless 是 “不关注细节”(a careless mistake) 1. 修饰 “人”,搭配 “be caring to sb.”; 2. 例句:She is a caring mother.(她是个体贴的妈妈。) 3. 例句:He is caring to the old.(他关心老人。)
cheerful / t fl/ 快乐的、愉快的 cheerful 是 “常保持开心的状态”(a cheerful girl); sad 是 “感到悲伤的情绪”(be sad about sth.) 1. 考点:修饰 “人 / 氛围”,搭配 “be cheerful”“a cheerful atmosphere”; 2. 例句:She is always cheerful.(她总是很开心。) 3. 例句:The room has a cheerful atmosphere.(房间氛围很愉快。)
dead /ded/ 死的、无生命的 dead 是 “无生命的状态”(a dead plant),可作定语 / 表语; alive 是 “有生命的状态”,仅作表语(The plant is alive.) 1. 考点:搭配 “a dead animal”“be dead”; 2. 例句:The tree is dead.(树死了。) 3. 例句:We found a dead bird in the garden.(我们在花园里发现一只死鸟。)
energetic / en d et k/ 精力充沛的、充满活力的 energetic 是 “精力旺盛”(an energetic boy)tired 是 “感到疲倦”(be tired after work) 1. 修饰 “人”“be energetic”“feel energetic”; 2. 例句:He is energetic in the morning.(他早上精力充沛。) 3. 例句:She feels energetic after exercise.(运动后她感觉充满活力。)
funny / f ni/ 滑稽的、有趣的;奇怪的 funny 是 “让人发笑的(可指动作 / 外貌奇怪)”(a funny joke) humorous 是 “语言 / 想法幽默”(a humorous story) 1. 考点:修饰 “故事 / 人 / 事物”,搭配 “a funny movie”“funny clothes”; 2. The joke is very funny.(这个笑话很滑稽。) 3. 例句:She wears funny glasses.(她戴奇怪的眼镜。)
honest / n st/ 诚实的、老实的 honest 是 “不说谎、不隐瞒”(an honest man);dishonest 是 “说谎、隐瞒”(a dishonest act) 1. 考点:搭配 “be honest with sb.”“to be honest”(说实话,插入语); 2. 例句:He is honest with his friends.(他对朋友诚实。) 3. 例句:To be honest, I don’t like it.(说实话,我不喜欢它。)
humorous / hju m r s/ 幽默的、风趣的 humorous 是 “语言 / 思维有幽默感”(a humorous speaker);funny 是 “动作 / 事物让人发笑”(a funny face) 1. 考点:修饰 “人 / 语言”,搭配 “a humorous story”“be humorous”; 2. 例句:The speaker is very humorous.(演讲者很风趣。) 3. 例句:His speech is full of humorous stories.(他的演讲充满幽默故事。)
patient / pe nt/ 有耐心的(形容词); 病人(名词) patient 作形容词是 “容忍等待”(be patient with sb.); 作名词是 “接受治疗的人”(a hospital patient) 1. 考点:形容词搭配 “be patient with sb.”,名词搭配 “see a patient”(看病人); 2. 例句:Teachers are patient with students.(老师对学生有耐心。) 3. 例句:The doctor sees many patients.(医生看很多病人。)
scared /ske d/ 害怕的、恐惧的 scared 是 “人感到害怕”(be scared of); scary 是 “事物让人害怕”(a scary movie) 1. 考点:修饰 “人”,搭配 “be scared of sb./sth.”“be scared to do sth.”; 2. 例句:She is scared of dogs.(她害怕狗。) 3. 例句:I’m scared to go alone.(我害怕独自去。)
thoughtful / θ tf l/ 体贴的、考虑周到的(事) thoughtful 是 “关注他人需求”(a thoughtful gift); thoughtless 是 “忽略他人感受”(a thoughtless comment) 1. 考点:修饰 “人 / 事物”,搭配 “be thoughtful to sb.”“a thoughtful idea”; 2. 例句:He is thoughtful to his parents.(他对父母体贴。) 3. It’s a thoughtful plan.(这是个考虑周到的计划。)
unhappy / n h pi/ 不开心的、难过的 unhappy 是 “情绪低落”(be unhappy about sth.);happy 是 “情绪愉悦”(be happy with sth.) 1. 考点:搭配 “be unhappy about”“feel unhappy”; 2. 例句:She is unhappy about the result.(她对结果不满意。) 3. 例句:He feels unhappy today.(他今天不开心。)
trustworthy / tr stw i/ 值得信任的、可靠的 trustworthy 是 “让人放心托付”(a trustworthy friend); untrustworthy 是 “让人无法信任”(an untrustworthy promise) 1. 考点:修饰 “人 / 事物”,搭配 “be trustworthy”“a trustworthy report”; 2. 例句:A trustworthy friend never lies.(值得信任的朋友从不说谎。) 3. 例句:The report is trustworthy.(这份报告可靠。)
worse /w s/ 更坏的、更差的(bad/ill 的比较级) worse 表 “两者中更坏”,后接 “than”; worst 表 “三者及以上最坏”,前加 “the” 1. 考点:修饰 “名词 / 动词”,搭配 “worse than”“get worse”(变糟); 2. 例句:This movie is worse than that one.(这部电影比那部差。) 3. 例句:His health gets worse.(他的健康变糟了。)
worst /w st/ 最坏的、最差的(bad/ill 的最高级) 与 “worse /w s/(更坏的,比较级)”:worst 表 “范围内最坏”,前必须加 “the”;worse 表 “两者比较更坏” 1. 考点:搭配 “the worst”“the worst of all”; 2. 例句:This is the worst day of my life.(这是我人生中最糟的一天。) 3. 例句:He is the worst student in the class.(他是班里最差的学生。)
bored /b d/ 感到无聊的、厌烦的 bored 是 “人感到无聊”(be bored with); boring 是 “事物让人无聊”(a boring class) 1. 考点:修饰 “人”,搭配 “be bored with sth.”“be bored to do sth.”; 2. 例句:I’m bored with this game.(我对这个游戏感到无聊。) 3. 例句:She is bored to stay at home.(她待在家很无聊。)
副词类(修饰动作 / 状态)
however /ha ev (r)/ 然而、可是(转折副词) however 需用逗号隔开(可放句首 / 句中 / 句末);but 直接连接句子,无需逗号 1. 考点:放句首时 “However, ...”,放句中时 “..., however, ...”; 2. 例句:She is busy. However, she helps me.
nearby / n ba / 在附近 (副词 / 形容词 / 介词) nearby 作形容词时可放名词前 / 后(a nearby park = a park nearby); near 作形容词时仅放名词前(a near village) 1. 考点:副词搭配 “live nearby”“work nearby”,形容词搭配 “nearby places”; 2. 例句:There is a shop nearby.(附近有个商店。) 3. 例句:She lives nearby the school.(她住在学校附近。)
once /w ns/ 曾经;一次;一旦(副词 / 连词) once 作 “一次” 时更简洁(once a week),作 “曾经” 时比 “ever” 更口语(I once went there.) 1. 考点:“曾经” 放句中(I once met her.),“一次” 放句末(once a month),“一旦” 引导从句(Once you start, don’t stop.); 2. 例句:I go to the gym once a week.(我每周去一次健身房。) 3. 例句:Once he arrives, call me.(他一到就给我打电话。)
短语类(固定搭配)
a little bit / l tl b t/ 一点点、稍微(程度短语) a little bit = a bit,可修饰形容词或接 “of + 不可数名词”,比 “a little” 语气更轻 1. 考点:修饰形容词(a little bit tired)或 “of + 不可数名词”(a little bit of water); 2. 例句:I’m a little bit hungry.(我有点饿。) 3. 例句:Can I have a little bit of milk (我能要一点牛奶吗?)
get along with /ɡet l w / 与…… 相处;进展(动词短语) 完全同义,可互换,“相处融洽” 用 “get along well with”,“进展” 用 “get along with sth.” 1. 考点:“与人相处” 接 “sb.”(get along with classmates),“事物进展” 接 “sth.”(get along with work); 2. 例句:She gets along well with her roommates.(她和室友相处融洽。) 3. 例句:How are you getting along with your project (你的项目进展如何?)
keep secrets /ki p si kr ts/ 保守秘密(动词短语) 与 “keep a secret /ki p si kr t/(同义,单数形式)”:secrets 用复数表 “多个秘密”,a secret 用单数表 “一个秘密”,可互换 1. 考点:“为某人保守秘密” 加 “for sb.”(keep secrets for sb.); 2. 例句:She can keep secrets for me.(她能帮我保守秘密。) 3. 例句:It’s important to keep a secret.(保守秘密很重要。)

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