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语境12　不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
语境12　不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Literary festivals all over the USA offer opportunities for readers to meet their favorite authors and learn about their new projects. You can start planning your next literary vacation！
Summer Words
Dates： June 19－22
Price： Free
It’s one of America’s most respected literary festivals and writing conferences. Authors are able to attend advanced workshops in order to improve the craft of writing. Besides， they can meet editors and literary agents and attend public panel discussions to gain inspiration and insight.
Book Bonanza
Dates： June 23－24
Price： $250
It is a celebration of books covering multiple styles and always nets a huge list of incredible author attendees. What makes it stand out， however， is not just its impressive list of attendees： it’s the charitable focus. All proceeds are donated to charitable causes， including those that benefit women and children.
Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
Dates： April 22－23
Price： Free， although indoor panels will require tickets
It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community， with book signings， panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts， art performances and book giveaways. The two－day event has grown to become an essential element of the L. A. cultural scene.
Imaginarium Book Festival
Dates： May 20－21
Price： Free， but VIP tickets for early entry to signing rooms ($45)， tickets for the brunch ($50)
It celebrates all things about fantasy and science fiction. In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions， you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic(宇宙的) brunch buffet.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国各地的文学节。
1. In which literary festival can you catch a show？
A. Summer Words.
B. Book Bonanza.
C. Los Angeles Times Festival of Books.
D. Imaginarium Book Festival.
解析：细节理解题。根据Los Angeles Times Festival of Books部分中的“It is a massive celebration of books and the bookish community， with book signings， panel discussions with distinguished professors and experts， art performances and book giveaways.(这是一场对书籍和书香社区的盛大庆祝，包括签售会、与知名教授和专家的小组讨论、艺术表演和赠书。)”可知，在Los Angeles Times Festival of Books你可以看演出。故选C项。
答案：C
2. What is special about Book Bonanza？
A. Its profits go to charity.
B. It’s meant for women and children.
C. It doesn’t charge admission fee.
D. It features workshops for notable writers.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Book Bonanza部分中的“All proceeds are donated to charitable causes， including those that benefit women and children.(所有收益都捐赠给慈善事业，包括造福妇女和儿童的事业。)”可知，Book Bonanza的特别之处是它的收益会捐赠给慈善。故选A项。
3. What can you do in Imaginarium Book Festival？
A. Get an author－signed photograph.
B. Dine with your admiring writers.
C. Interact with science fiction supermen.
D. Obtain one－on－one reading training.
解析：细节理解题。根据Imaginarium Book Festival部分中的“In addition to panels where authors will answer your questions， you’ll get to meet and acquire signed books from your favorite authors and have the option of brunching with them at the cosmic(宇宙的) brunch buffet.(除了作家们会回答你的问题之外，你还可以见到你最喜欢的作家，并获得他们的签名书，还可以选择在宇宙早午餐自助餐厅与他们共进午餐。)”可知，在Imaginarium Book Festival你可以和你仰慕的作家一起吃饭。故选B项。
答案：B
B
The Rio Carnival
What is it？
The Rio de Janeiro carnival， held annually in the month of February， is a spectacular celebration of life that attracts millions of people onto the streets of the Brazilian city. The whole country stops to watch， either in the city itself or on the television. It is estimated that each year 700，000 visitors come to watch from all over the world.
“Samba” schools
The music played throughout the carnival procession is called the “samba”. Many participants belong to “samba” schools where they learn to dance and play the music which is so popular throughout Brazil. There are about 30 “samba” schools with thousands of members. They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrome”. The schools take part in an official competition and the best of them is awarded a prize. Each school is assessed on its costumes， the theme of its performance and the quality of the music. Some “samba” schools hold street parties and perform in their local areas because many people cannot afford to buy a ticket for the official competition.
The stars of the show
Each school is led by a queen followed by hundreds of drummers and brightly decorated carnival vehicles. The Carnival Queens are the biggest stars and they are chosen from amongst the most beautiful women in each community. As well as beauty， the queen has to be very fit to lead her group of drummers on the slow procession through the streets of Rio.
“Blocos” parades
“Blocos” parades have become an important feature of Rio’s carnival in addition to the “samba” schools. These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing， dance and have a good time. Today， they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. They all dress in costumes or T－shirts with special themes or logos. Before the show they gather in a square， then parade through sections of the city， before performing near to the beach. Some of them have a particular place such as a cafe where they play and dance to attract spectators.
【文章大意】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了里约热内卢的狂欢节的情况。
4. Which of the following details illustates that the Rio de Janeiro carnival is the largest show in the world？
A. It is usually held at the beginning of each year.
B. The whole country stops to watch its live shows on TV.
C. More than half a million visitors come for it every year.
D. The city streets all over Brazil are crowded because of it.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is estimated that each year 700，000 visitors come to watch from all over the world.(据估计，每年有70万来自世界各地的游客前来观看。)”可知，C选项“每年有超过50万的游客来参观”说明了里约热内卢狂欢节是世界上最大的表演。故选C。
答案：C
5. What can be learned about Samba schools？
A. They teach children to dance to the music of samba.
B. They choose samba queens from people on the street.
C. They collect money for those cannot afford a ticket.
D. They usually give performances at night during the carnival.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the 'Sambadrome'.(他们在一个被称为”桑巴罗马“的大地方表演了整整四个晚上。)”可知，他们通常在狂欢节的晚上表演。故选D。
6. “Blocos” parades are different from the samba schools in how 　　　　they are.
A. popular B. formal
C. unusual D. noisy
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing， dance and have a good time.(这些游行不那么正式，有来自同一社区的音乐家团体，他们只是想唱歌、跳舞，享受美好时光。)”可知，“Blocos”游行在正式程度上不同于桑巴舞学校。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·湖北襄阳期末)I recently attended a wedding in Canada， in the countryside.When the taxi driver sent us back at midnight， I was 　1　 worried all the way home about tipping him since I was not rich. I 　2　 nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note， which I was keeping for a(n) 　3　， nothing else but two chocolates from the wedding. I couldn’t not tip him， so I was 　4　 between a rock and a hard place. I handed in the note at last， controlling the urge to ask for 　5　.
Tipping has long been a source of 　6　 interactions throughout the world. Tipping customs 　7　 wildly from country to country， which generates no small amount of 　8　. Norwegians， who come from a culture where wages are high and tips are low， could 　9　 people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings. 　10　， high－tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo because good service in Japan is a 　11　 of honor.
Such an embarrassed mess often occurs because there’s no 　12　 logic to any of this. None！ Similarly， a 2016 study from Cornell University 　13　 that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker. Why is that？And nobody can work out the reasons for this 　14　.
Perhaps， tipping one and not the other only 　15　 in terms of what has become customary.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己在加拿大坐车给司机小费的事为例子，引出了文章主题：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。
1. A. helplessly B. curiously
C. secretly D. strangely
答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。helplessly无助地；curiously好奇地；secretly暗自地；strangely奇怪地。由下文“I handed in the note at last”可知，作者最终还是给了大额小费，可推知在回来的路上作者一直暗自忧心给司机小费的事。故选C。
2. A. selected B. fished
C. weighed D. calculated
答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。select挑选；fish摸找；weigh称重；calculate计算。由下文“nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note”可知，作者紧张地在钱包里摸找，想找到钱。故选B。
3. A. emergency B. tip C. award D. deal
答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。emergency紧急情况；tip小费；award奖品；deal交易。由上文“all I had was a $100 note， which I was keeping for”可知，作者钱包里只有一张100美元的钞票，这是留着应付紧急情况的。故选A。
4. A. buried B. lost C. stuck D. locked
答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。buried埋葬的；lost迷路的；stuck陷入的；locked僵持不下的。由上文“I couldn’t not tip him”可知，作者钱包里只有应急的100美元，但作者又不能不给小费，所以作者陷入进退两难的境地。be stuck between a rock and a hard place是固定搭配，意为“陷入进退两难的境地”。故选C。
5. A. gratitude B. permission
C. help D. change
答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。gratitude感谢；permission允许；help帮助；change找零。由空前“I handed in the note at last，controlling the urge to ask for”和上文提到的作者并不富有可知，此处指作者控制住了要求找零的冲动。故选D。
6. A. common B. awkward
C. necessary D. active
答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。common共同的；awkward尴尬的；necessary有必要的；active积极的。由下一段的“Such an embarrassed mess”可知，小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的一个来源。故选B。
7. A. vary B. spread C. grow D. work
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。vary变化；spread传播；grow长大；work工作。由空后“wildly from country to country”以及下文所举的例子可知，不同国家的小费习俗差异很大。故选A。
8. A. panic B. harm C. bond D. confusion
答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。panic惊慌；harm损害；bond联系；confusion混乱。由下一段的“Such an embarrassed mess”可知，此处指不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。故选D。
9. A. amuse B. astonish
C. annoy D. satisfy
答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。amuse使娱乐；astonish使惊讶；annoy使恼怒；satisfy使满意。由空前“tips are low”和空后“people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings”以及“high－tipping Americans”可知，挪威人习惯低小费，所以他们提供的微不足道的小费可能会惹恼习惯高小费的美国拉斯维加斯的人们。故选C。
10. A. Therefore B. Likewise
C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。therefore因此；likewise同样地；otherwise否则；furthermore此外。分析语境可知，上下文都在举例说明不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以此处表示“同样地”。故选B。
11. A. matter B. choice C. way D. trick
答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。matter事情，问题；choice选择；way方法；trick诡计。由空前“good service in Japan”和空后“of honor”可推知，此处指在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题。a matter of为固定搭配，意为“……的问题”。故选A。
12. A. official B. convenient
C. practical D. consistent
答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。official官方的；convenient方便的；practical实用的；consistent一致的。由空前“Such an embarrassed mess often occurs”再结合上一段的小费差异的例子可知，这种尴尬的混乱经常发生是因为各个国家之间没有一致的逻辑。故选D。
13. A. found B. ensured
C. confirmed D. witnessed
答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。find发现；ensure确保；confirm确认；witness见证。由空后“that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker”可知，以下是研究的发现。故选A。
14. A. assumption B. concept
C. difference D. accident
答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。assumption假设；concept概念；difference差异；accident事故。由上文“people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker”可知，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是给超市店员的两倍，这是一种差异。故选C。
15. A. pays off B. takes place
C. takes effect D. makes sense
答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。pay off成功，奏效；take place发生；take effect生效；make sense讲得通。由上文“And nobody can work out the reasons”和空后“in terms of what has become customary”可知，没有人知道为什么存在小费差异，或许唯一一个讲得通的解释是：给谁小费取决于习惯。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
We entered the Year of the Dragon. Or should that be the Year of the Loong？ That is a question that has been 1. 　　　　 subject for debate in China， as some say there is a difference between the two in Chinese and Western mythology.
They point to dragons in the West being usually thought of as evil creatures. Dragons， they say， are 2. 　　　　(typical) seen as symbols of chaos， 3. 　　　　(describe) as enemies in Western mythology and literature. In Chinese culture， Loong are seen as symbols of power， 4. 　　　　(excellent)， and good luck. The Loong 5. 　　　　(be) a central concept in Chinese culture for thousands of years， and its origins can be traced back to early Chinese civilization through mythology and religious beliefs. 6. 　　　　 Loong were believed 7. 　　　　(have) control over natural phenomena such as rain， and water， and were associated with the productivity of the land， Loong became symbols of strength and good fortune.
The differences 8. 　　　　 the belief of the mythical creatures in China and the West 9. 　　　　(root) in their different cultural values. Thus the answer to the question at the beginning is clear： Whether or not to use Loong instead of dragon is not important. What is important is 10. 　　　　 as we enter a new lunar year people globally appreciate the cultural values embodied in such Chinese symbols as Loong.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了中国龙与西方龙的区别，强调中国文化中龙象征权力、卓越和好运，而西方文化中的龙常代表邪恶。两种观念的差异源自不同的文化价值观。关键在于全球应欣赏龙这样的中国象征所蕴含的文化价值，而非纠结名称翻译。
答案：a
1.解析：考查冠词。句意：这是一个在中国一直存在争议的问题，因为有人说这两者在中国和西方神话中是有区别的。此处泛指“一个问题”，且subject的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
答案：typically
2.解析：考查副词。句意：他们说，龙通常被视为混乱的象征，在西方神话和文学中被描述为敌人。本空用副词typically“通常”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故填typically。
答案：described
3.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。本句谓语为are seen as，此处为非谓语动词，且describe“描述”与逻辑主语Dragons构成被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰Dragons。故填described。
答案：excellence
4.解析：考查名词。句意：在中国文化中，龙被视为权力、卓越和好运的象征。本空用excellence“卓越”，与power和good luck并列，作介词of的宾语。故填excellence。
答案：has been
5.解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：几千年以来，龙一直是中国文化中的一个中心概念，其起源可以追溯到中国早期文明的神话和宗教信仰。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时；主语The Loong是第三人称单数，因此助动词用has。故填has been。
答案：Since/Because/As
6.解析：考查原因状语从句。句意：由于龙被认为可以控制雨水和水等自然现象，并与土地的生产力有关，因此龙成为力量和好运的象征。本空用since/because/as“因为”，引导原因状语从句；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since/Because/As。
答案：to have
7.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。be believed to do sth.“被认为做某事”。本句谓语为were believed，此处为非谓语动词，本空用have“有”的不定式。故填to have。
答案：in
8.解析：考查介词。句意：中西方神话生物信仰的差异源于文化价值的不同。本空应用介词in，表示“在……方面”。故填in。
答案：are rooted
9.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上题。本句陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语differences与动词root“(使)生根”构成被动关系，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are rooted。
答案：that
10.解析：考查表语从句。句意：重要的是，随着我们进入一个新的农历年，全球人民都能欣赏到龙这样的中国象征所体现的文化价值。本空引导表语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，也不缺少含义，用that引导。故填that。

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