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语境14　社会热点问题
语境14　社会热点问题
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Supermarkets， conservationists and farming groups have shown their concerns about pollution of the Wye， one of the UK’s longest rivers. “The pollution pressures upon the Wye are unacceptable and there was strong enthusiasm for cooperative action to resolve the problem，” said Craig Bennett， head of the Wildlife Trusts.
The pollution referred largely to runoff of the nutrient－rich waste matter produced by the 20 million－plus chickens near the river.
Bennett said， “We discussed how， if the Wye were a school or a hospital， we would be calling for it to be placed into 'special measures'. We agreed the same level of urgency must be applied.”
Increasing concern led the local government to hold a discussion in May， when they promised to publish a plan for the Wye by the autumn. However， the local government’s push on the river was marred in June when the Department for Environment， Food and Rural Affairs published a Wye video showing sea otters(海獭) rather than the river’s local European otters. The pollution of the Wye was not mentioned at all.
In July Bennett hosted a Wye round table in Powys， Wales， bringing together local groups， the Environment Agency， the chicken produce Avara Foodsr， regional branches of the National Farmers Union and local authorities. They agreed on a plan that included cutting the nutrient pollution “through a reduction in animal numbers” and other measures.
Bennett also wrote to Julie James， the Welsh Climate Change Minister， who said， “I share your concern for the health of the River Wye and other Welsh rivers.”
A supermarket chain said they are committed to protecting the river and engaging with their chicken suppliers to tackle water pollution. They have detailed management plans to make sure their suppliers are farming with care for the environment. A government spokesman said， “We are offering a wide range of support to farmers to speed up their transition to more sustainable practices and help protect this important site.”
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国瓦伊河污染得到重视并准备治理的消息。
1. Why does Bennett compare the Wye with a school or a hospital？
A. To call for urgent measures.
B. To stress the impacts of the river.
C. To show the importance of the river.
D. To urge people to protect the environment.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Bennett said， 'We discussed how， if the Wye were a school or a hospital， we would be calling for it to be placed into ”special measures“. We agreed the same level of urgency must be applied.'(Bennett说：”我们讨论过，如果瓦伊河是一所学校或医院，我们将如何要求将其置于'特殊措施'之中。我们一致认为，必须采取同样的紧急措施。“)”可推知，Bennett觉得应该把瓦伊河的污染看作和学校或医院受到污染一样重要，必须采取同样程度的紧急措施。故选A。
答案：A
2. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “marred” in Paragraph 4？
A. Destroyed. B. Boosted.
答案：A
C. Perfected. D. Emphasized.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“in June when the Department for Environment， Food and Rural Affairs published a Wye video showing sea otters(海獭) rather than the river’s local European otters(当时环境、食品和农村事务部公布了一段瓦伊河的视频，视频中显示的是海獭，而不是这条河上的当地的欧洲水獭)”可知，海獭事件的出现使得政府解决瓦伊河污染的推进工作受到了阻碍。故画线词的意思是“破坏”。故选A。
3. What is agreed on at the round table？
A. Making a careful plan.
B. Reducing animal numbers.
C. Arousing people’s awareness.
D. Asking the government for money.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They agreed on a plan that included cutting the nutrient pollution 'through a reduction in animal numbers' and other measures.(他们达成了一项计划，包括”通过减少动物数量“和其他措施来减少营养污染。)”可知，在圆桌会议上达成了减少动物数量的协议。故选B。
4. What can be the best title for the text？
A. Sea Otters Are Under Attack for Possible Pollution
B. Cooperated Efforts Are Made to Protect the Wye
C. People Are Having More Environmental Awareness
D. More Measures Should Be Taken to Prevent Air Pollution
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Supermarkets， conservationists and farming groups have shown their concerns about pollution of the Wye， one of the UK’s longest rivers. 'The pollution pressures upon the Wye are unacceptable and there was strong enthusiasm for cooperative action to resolve the problem，' said Craig Bennett， head of the Wildlife Trusts.(超市、自然资源保护主义者和农业组织对英国最长的河流之一瓦伊河的污染表示担忧。”瓦伊河的污染压力是不可接受的，大家都非常希望采取合作行动来解决问题。“野生动物信托基金会负责人Craig Bennett说。)”结合文章报道了英国的瓦伊河遭到污染，政府以及超市连锁店积极想办法进行治理的事情可判断，B项“共同努力保护河流”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。
答案：B
B
A wolf in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve， Northwest China’s Qinghai Province， has gained weight as a result of regular feeding by visitors in vehicles， according to a video recorded by a netizen. The fat wolf swings its tail at passing vehicles and even rolls on its back to appeal for food in the video. The video rapidly spread， causing an Internet debate.
In July this year， a woman shared a video of her encounter with a wolf while traveling through Hoh Xil. She got out of her car to give the hungry wolf some beef jerky， noting how thin the animal seemed. She expressed her sympathy for it and did not hesitate to feed it. In other videos posted by netizens， the wolf can be seen wandering near cars on the roadside， and even lying in front of one of them. The new video claims the wolf in Hoh Xil has been fed by humans for a long time.
It caused a heated discussion among netizens， with some finding the wolf very cute and funny， and joking that it no longer wanted to work hard. But others expressed concern that such feeding would disrupt the natural order， and have a negative impact on the wolf and its ecosystem.
Dai Qiang， a researcher at the Chengdu Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， who has been studying wild animals such as pandas and wolves for a long time， disagrees with the practice of feeding wild wolves. He believes that such behavior， may also cause the animals to become dependent， and have adverse(不利的) results. Dai says that such behavior may cause risks to both human beings and wild animals.
“Wild animals， especially injured ones， may carry bacteria. Wolves are fierce animals after all， and it is hard to know whether they are aggressive(进攻性的) or not， so it is better to keep a safe distance，” says Dai. “On the other hand， unless the species is endangered， artificial intervention(人为干预)is not recommended，” he adds.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了据一名网友录制的视频显示，中国西北部青海省可可西里自然保护区的一只狼，由于游客经常在车上喂食，体重有所增加。在视频中，这只胖狼向过往车辆摇尾巴，甚至翻个身来讨吃的。这段视频在网上迅速传播开来，引发了热议。
5. What can we say about the wolf in Hoh Xil？
A. It turned to a woman for help.
B. It has been given food by people.
C. It wandered regularly near visitors.
D. It lost weight in the nature reserve.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“A wolf in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve， Northwest China’s Qinghai Province， has gained weight as a result of regular feeding by visitors in vehicles， according to a video recorded by a netizen.(据一名网友录制的视频显示，中国西北部青海省可可西里自然保护区的一只狼，由于游客在车辆中定期喂食，体重有所增加。)”可知，人们给了可可西里的那只狼食物，故选B。
答案：B
6. What does the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. Protect. B. Maintain.
C. Upset. D. Adjust.
答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“and have a negative impact on the wolf and its ecosystem(对狼及其生态系统产生负面影响)”可知，画线词所在句子意思为“但其他人担心，这样的喂食会扰乱自然秩序”，disrupt意为“扰乱”，与C项Upset意思接近，故选C。
7. What will probably happen if wild animals are fed according to Dai？
A. They may hurt people.
B. They may gain weight.
C. They may leave reserves.
D. They may become extinct.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Dai says that such behavior may cause risks to both human beings and wild animals.(戴强说，这种行为可能会给人类和野生动物带来风险。)”和最后一段中的“'Wild animals， especially injured ones， may carry bacteria. Wolves are fierce animals after all， and it is hard to know whether they are aggressive(进攻性的) or not， so it is better to keep a safe distance，' says Dai.(”野生动物，尤其是受伤的动物，可能携带细菌。狼毕竟是凶猛的动物，很难知道它们是否具有攻击性，所以最好保持安全距离。“戴强说。)”可推知，如果给野生动物喂食，它们可能会伤害人类，故选A。
答案：A
8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To inform people of wolves’ habits.
B. To call on people to protect wolves.
C. To entertain readers with a wolf story.
D. To warn people of risks in feeding wolves.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“He believes that such behavior， may also cause the animals to become dependent， and have adverse(不利的) results. Dai says that such behavior may cause risks to both human beings and wild animals.(他认为，这样的行为，也可能导致动物变得依赖，并产生不利的结果。戴强说，这种行为可能会给人类和野生动物带来风险。)”和文章最后一段中的“'On the other hand， unless the species is endangered， artificial intervention(人为干预) is not recommended，' he adds.(”另一方面，除非物种濒临灭绝，否则不建议进行人工干预。“他补充道。)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是警告人们喂狼的危险，故选D。
答案：D
Ⅱ.完形填空
I have some important information. The 　1　 American－oh， wait. Ding！ New notification. And our dog food is out for 　2　. The average American reportedly gets about 70 notifications a day. And for teenagers， their phones vibrate with hundreds or even thousands of daily notifications.
I 　3　 those figures until I scrolled through my own home screen. I get push notifications from news sites， delivery services， political figures， co－workers， and various 　4　 of soap， socks， and shampoos， 　5　 discounts and flash sales.
Humans are not good at multitasking. It takes extra time and efforts to 　6　 our attention in a situation. We get 　7　 so many times a day that these effects can add up to meaningful 　8　 in our well－being and social connections.
I’m eager for messages from our 　9　 like our parents or brothers and sisters. But I wonder why The New York Times feels it is urgent to 　10　 me about “The 6 Best Men’s and Women’s Cashmere Sweaters”.
The 　11　 of instant communication has 　12　 information congestion. So many urgent notifications， not many of which are 　13　 urgent； and only a few are even interesting. So many hours spent gazing onto the 　14　 of a small screen， as if it were an oracle(神谕)， searching for news， gossip， opportunity， and direction， while so often not being 　15　 of the world all around us.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。作者以幽默的口吻讨论了人们现在每天接收大量的垃圾信息，这分散了人们对工作、生活和周围事物的注意力，影响了人们的幸福感。
1. A. wealthy B. busy
C. cheerful D. average
答案：D
解析：根据第二段中的“notifications from news sites， delivery services”可知，此处是在描述人们接收垃圾信息多的情况，且由下文的average American可知，此处指普通的美国人。average意为“普通的”，符合语境。
2. A. comment B. use
C. delivery D. lunch
答案：C
解析：结合空前的“our dog food is out”以及下一段中的“delivery services”可知，此处指作者收到“购买的狗粮已经发出”的信息。delivery意为“递送”，符合语境。
3. A. doubted B. recorded
C. memorized D. counted
答案：A
解析：根据第一段提到人们收到的垃圾信息的数量可知，作者对此曾经感到怀疑。doubt意为“怀疑”，符合语境。
4. A. bills B. samples
C. customers D. suppliers
答案：D
解析：结合空后的“of soap， socks， and shampoos”可知，此处指来自各种肥皂、袜子和洗发水供应商的推送通知。supplier意为“供应商”，符合语境。
5. A. weighing B. getting
C. offering D. expecting
答案：C
解析：根据常识可知，各种推送信息是关于商家提供的打折或者促销活动。offer意为“提供”，符合语境。
6. A. hold B. fix C. draw D. switch
答案：D
解析：根据上文提到的人类不擅长多任务处理，以及空后的“our attention in a situation”可知，此处指转移注意力需要额外的时间和精力。
7. A. awarded B. interrupted
C. challenged D. warned
答案：B
解析：结合前面提到的notifications等可知，由于人们不断地收到信息提醒，所以会不断地被打断。interrupt意为“打断，打扰”，符合语境。
8. A. decreases B. expressions
C. actions D. consequences
答案：A
解析：根据语境和常识可知，人们付出额外的时间和精力去看信息，这会使人们的幸福感和社会联系显著下降。decrease意为“降低”，符合语境。
9. A. colleagues B. clients
C. family D. business
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“like our parents or brothers and sisters”可知，作者很期待来自家人的信息。
10. A. concern B. argue
C. require D. remind
答案：D
解析：remind sb. about sth.意为“提醒某人某事”，为固定搭配，此处指《纽约时报》提醒我“六件最好的男女羊绒毛衣”。
11. A. promise B. urgency
C. criterion D. assessment
答案：A
解析：根据空后的“of instant communication has 　12　 information
congestion”可知，此处指即时通信有希望的前景。promise 意为“成功的
迹象”，即有希望的前景，符合语境。
12. A. showed up B. catered for
C. swelled into D. slowed down
答案：C
解析：结合上文提到的大量的推送信息以及空后的congestion可知，此处指即时通信有希望的前景已经膨胀为信息堵塞的问题。
13. A. occasionally B. truly
C. randomly D. simply
答案：B
解析：根据空前的“So many urgent notifications， not many of which”和空后的urgent可知，这么多紧急通知中真正紧急的并不多。truly意为“真正地”，符合语境。
14. A. color B. value C. shape D. light
答案：D
解析：结合空前的gazing onto和空后的“of a small screen”可知，我们每天花这么多时间盯着小屏幕上的光。light意为“光，光亮”，符合语境。
15. A. aware B. proud C. afraid D. fond
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“So many hours spent gazing onto the 　14　 of a small
screen”可知，此处指我们每天花这么多的时间在屏幕上，却没有意识到
我们周围的世界。be aware of意为“意识到”，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Village Super Football League， or the “Cunchao” in Chinese， in Rongjiang County， Southwest China’s Guizhou Province came to 1. 　　　　 end on Saturday night. The grass－roots sport tournament lasted for nearly three months， and the locals in the region reaped the benefits of the greatly 2. 　　　　(boost) economy.
Each weekend 3. 　　　　(see) the sports facility in Rongjiang County crowded by football fans from all over China. An owner of a snack stall near the football venue could earn about 800 yuan each day during the weekend. 4. 　　　　 the beginning of the “Cunchao”， the government of Rongjiang County has set aside a special area for night time economy， including free stalls， areas for barbecue， snacks and cold drinks， 5. 　　　　 became another local popular venue following football field.
From July 1 to 16， Rongjiang County recorded a total of 921，200 visits， generating an income of 1.08 billion yuan. 6. 　　　　(variety) of local traditional agricultural and textile(纺织品) products also gained huge popularity due to the football tournament， 7. 　　　　 the online and offline sales surpassed 20 million yuan， according to the report. Undoubtedly， football related products are the best 8. 　　　　(sell) souvenirs among local stores.
A yellow cow， together with three black haired pigs and three goats， 9. 　　　　(award) to the winners of the “Cunchao” tournament. All the livestock were 10. 　　　　(local) raised. Enterprises sponsored the game with rice， pork and fish， which sparked hot discussion among Chinese netizens.
　　【文章大意】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了贵州省榕江县的“村超”联赛，这一比赛既吸引了全国的关注，也促进了当地经济的发展。
答案：an
1.解析：考查冠词。句意：周六晚上，在中国西南部贵州省榕江县举行的乡村超级足球联赛落下帷幕。短语come to an end表示“结束，完结”，名词end的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
答案：boosted
2.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这场草根体育赛事持续了近三个月，当地居民从经济的大幅增长中获益。根据the greatly及economy可知，空处缺定语，economy和boost之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填boosted。
答案：saw
3.解析：考查动词的时态。句意：每个周末，榕江县的体育场所都挤满了来自中国各地的球迷。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，描述已经结束的“村超”联赛的情况，应用一般过去时。故填saw。
答案：Since
4.解析：考查介词。句意：从“村超”开始，榕江县政府就专门开辟了夜间经济区域，包括免费摊位、烧烤区、小吃区和冷饮区，成为当地继足球场之后的又一热门场所。根据has set可知，句子用了现在完成时，时间状语应为“自从'村超'开始”；since表示“自从”，一般和现在完成时连用；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Since。
答案：which
5.解析：考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a special area”，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
答案：Varieties
6.解析：考查名词的数。句意：据报道，由于足球比赛，多种当地传统农产品和纺织品也受到了极大的欢迎，线上和线下销售额超过2 000万元。此处为短语varieties of表示“多样的……”；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Varieties。
答案：and
7.解析：考查连词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，空前介绍的是农产品和纺织品大受欢迎，空后介绍线上、线下的销售超过两千万元，前后是并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
答案：selling
8.解析：考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，足球相关产品是当地商店中最畅销的纪念品。根据souvenirs可知，空处需填形容词作定语，selling作形容词，表示“出售的”，the best selling表示“最畅销的”，符合句意。故填selling。
答案：was awarded
9.解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：“村超”比赛的获胜者获得了一头黄牛、三只黑毛猪和三只山羊。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词；描述已经结束的比赛，用一般过去时；主语“A yellow cow， together with three black haired pigs and three goats”和award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；当主语后跟有together with， with， as well as等短语时，其后的名词不影响谓语动词的选择，谓语动词遵循“就前一致”原则；主语“A yellow cow”是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故填was awarded。
答案：locally
10.解析：考查副词。句意：所有的牲畜都是当地饲养的。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词raised。故填locally。

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