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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元培优测试题
（满分：120 分 考试时间：90 分钟）
听力部分（共 25 分）
一、听短对话，选择最佳答案（每小题 1 分，共 5 分）
听下面 5 段短对话，每段对话后有一个问题，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
（ ）1. What makes Mars look red
A. Its red soil and rocks.
B. Its close distance to the Sun.
C. Its two small moons.
（ ）2. What tool does the boy use to watch the Moon clearly
A. A camera to take photos.
B. A telescope to see its craters.
C. A map to find its position.
（ ）3. Why is Neptune much colder than Earth
A. It’s the smallest planet in the solar system.
B. It’s the farthest planet from the Sun.
C. It has no atmosphere to keep warm.
（ ）4. What does the girl know about the Big Dipper
A. It looks like a spoon and can help find the North Star.
B. It’s the brightest star in the night sky.
C. It only appears in winter.
（ ）5. What will the class do for their “Solar System” project
A. Draw pictures of the Sun and hang them in the classroom.
B. Make a fact file about Jupiter with its size and temperature.
C. Buy model planets from the science store.
二、听长对话，选择最佳答案（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
听下面 2 段长对话，每段对话后有 2-3 个问题，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
对话一（共 2 题）
（ ）6. What problem does Xiao Yu have when observing stars
A. She can’t tell the difference between the Big Dipper and the North Star.
B. Her telescope is broken and can’t see far.
C. She doesn’t know how to use the star map.
（ ）7. What advice does the teacher give Xiao Yu
A. Buy a new telescope to see stars more clearly.
B. First find the Big Dipper, then use it to locate other stars.
C. Observe stars only on cloudy nights.
对话二（共 3 题）
（ ）8. What does Li Tao want to include in his Mars fact file first
A. Its distance from the Sun and average temperature.
B. Its color and how many moons it has.
C. Its history of being explored by spacecraft.
（ ）9. What does Li Tao learn about Mars’ water
A. There’s liquid water on its surface.
B. There’s a lot of ice under its ground.
C. It has more water than Earth.
（ ）10. How will Li Tao get more information about Mars
A. Ask his math teacher for help.
B. Search for videos and articles online.
C. Borrow books about the Moon from the library.
三、听短文，选择最佳答案（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
听下面一段短文，短文后有 5 个问题，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
（ ）11. When was Nicolaus Copernicus born
A. In 1473 in Poland. B. In 1543 in Italy. C. In 1632 in India.
（ ）12. What did Copernicus like to do in his free time
A. Build model planets with wood.
B. Watch the stars and study the sky.
C. Write books about the Sun’s history.
（ ）13. What new idea did Copernicus have
A. The Earth is the center of the universe.
B. The Sun and other planets go around the Earth.
C. The Earth and other planets go around the Sun.
（ ）14. How did people feel about Copernicus’ idea at first
A. Excited—they wanted to test it immediately.
B. Doubtful—they didn’t believe the Earth wasn’t the center.
C. Angry—they thought he was making up stories.
（ ）15. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To tell students how to observe stars like Copernicus.
B. To introduce Copernicus’ life and encourage scientific exploration.
C. To explain why the Sun is the biggest object in the solar system.
笔试部分（共 95 分）
一、阅读理解（共 50 分）
（一）选择题阅读（每小题 2 分，共 40 分）
A
Last summer, my dad took me to a stargazing camp in the countryside. It was my first time seeing the night sky without city lights, and it changed how I look at the universe.
We arrived at the camp at sunset. Dad set up a small telescope while I helped spread out a blanket. As the sky turned dark, I gasped—there were more stars than I’d ever seen! They twinkled like tiny diamonds, and some were brighter than others. Dad pointed to a group of stars: “That’s the Big Dipper. See its shape It looks like a spoon.” I followed his finger and laughed—it really did!
Next, Dad helped me look through the telescope. At first, I saw a blurry spot, but Dad adjusted the lens. Suddenly, the Moon appeared clearly—I could see its gray craters and dark “seas” (they’re actually dry plains). “Wow!” I said. “It’s not just a white circle!” Dad nodded: “The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. It goes around us every 27 days.”
Later, we saw Mars. It looked like a small red dot in the telescope. Dad told me, “Mars is Earth’s neighbor. Scientists think there might be ice under its ground—maybe even signs of life one day.” I asked, “Can we visit Mars someday ” Dad smiled: “If you keep being interested in space, maybe you’ll help make that happen.”
As we walked back to our tent, I felt small but happy. The universe is so big, but learning about it makes it feel closer. That night, I made a promise to myself: I’ll read more about the solar system and maybe even become an astronomer one day.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
（ ）16. Why did the writer gasp when the sky turned dark
A. Because the camp was too cold.
B. Because there were more stars than he’d ever seen.
C. Because his telescope was broken.
D. Because he saw a plane flying by.
（ ）17. What did the writer see when he looked through the telescope
A. The Big Dipper’s spoon shape.
B. Mars’ red soil and rocks.
C. The Moon’s craters and dry plains.
D. The Sun’s bright surface.
（ ）18. What did the writer learn about Mars
A. It has liquid water on its surface.
B. It’s Earth’s only natural satellite.
C. There might be ice under its ground.
D. It goes around Earth every 27 days.
（ ）19. What promise did the writer make to himself
A. To visit the stargazing camp every summer.
B. To read more about the solar system and maybe be an astronomer.
C. To buy a new telescope for his dad.
D. To tell his classmates about the Moon’s “seas”.
（ ）20. What can we learn from the writer’s experience
A. Stargazing is only for scientists.
B. The universe is too big to understand.
C. Interest in space can start with a simple trip.
D. The Moon is the brightest object in the night sky.
B
The solar system has eight planets, all circling the Sun. Each planet is unique—they differ in size, distance from the Sun, and temperature. The chart below shows key facts about four of them.
Planet Type Diameter (km) Distance from the Sun (million km) Average Temperature (℃)
Mercury Inner (rocky) 4,880 58 167 (day) / -173 (night)
Earth Inner (rocky) 13,000 150 14
Jupiter Outer (gaseous) 140,000 778 -145
Neptune Outer (gaseous) 49,500 4,500 -200
Inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are small and made of rock and soil. They’re closer to the Sun, so their days and nights are shorter than outer planets. Mercury, the closest inner planet, has extreme temperatures—it’s hot enough to melt metal during the day, but freezing at night. This is because it has almost no atmosphere to keep heat.
Earth is the only inner planet with life. Its temperature is “just right”—not too hot like Mercury, not too cold like Mars. It also has water and air, which are necessary for plants and animals.
Outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are much larger and made of gas (like hydrogen and helium) with small rocky cores. Jupiter, the biggest planet, is over 11 times wider than Earth! Because they’re far from the Sun, outer planets are extremely cold. Neptune, the farthest, has a temperature of -200℃—colder than any place on Earth.
Outer planets also have more moons than inner planets. Jupiter has over 95 moons, while Earth has only one. These moons are often covered in ice, and some even have oceans under their surface—scientists are studying them for signs of life.
根据短文及图表内容，选择最佳答案。
（ ）21. What type of planet is Jupiter
A. Inner (rocky). B. Outer (gaseous). C. Inner (gaseous). D. Outer (rocky).
（ ）22. Why does Mercury have extreme temperatures
A. It’s the largest planet in the solar system.
B. It has no atmosphere to keep heat.
C. It’s the farthest from the Sun.
D. It has too many moons.
（ ）23. What makes Earth suitable for life
A. It’s the smallest inner planet.
B. It has extreme day and night temperatures.
C. It has the right temperature, water, and air.
D. It’s made of gas with a rocky core.
（ ）24. How much wider is Jupiter than Earth
A. Over 11 times. B. Over 5 times. C. Over 20 times. D. Over 1 time.
（ ）25. What does the underlined word “extreme” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Very mild and comfortable. B. Very high or very low.
C. Very slow and calm. D. Very fast and noisy.
C
Mars has always been a mystery to humans. In recent years, countries like the US and China have sent rovers to Mars to study it. But some people argue that we should stop spending money on Mars exploration—we have more important problems on Earth, like poverty and pollution. Others think exploring Mars is necessary for human progress. In my opinion, we should continue exploring Mars, but we need to balance it with solving Earth’s problems.
First, exploring Mars helps us learn more about the universe and our own planet. Mars is similar to Earth in size and temperature, and it has ice under its ground. Studying Mars can teach us how planets form and why Earth has life. For example, if we find out why Mars lost its liquid water, we can better protect Earth’s oceans. Mars exploration also leads to new technologies—like lightweight materials for spaceships, which are now used to make better cars on Earth.
Second, Mars could be a “backup home” for humans in the future. Earth faces risks like asteroids and climate change. If something terrible happens to Earth, Mars might be the only place where humans can live. But we need time to study it—building a base on Mars will take decades. We can’t wait until it’s too late to start exploring.
Some people say, “We should use the money to help poor people instead.” This is a good point. That’s why we need balance—governments shouldn’t spend all their money on Mars. They can use part of the budget for exploration and most for solving Earth’s problems. For example, the US spends about 0.5% of its budget on space—this is a small amount, but it still leads to important discoveries.
Others argue, “Exploring Mars is too dangerous and expensive.” But danger and cost are part of progress. Early explorers like Columbus faced danger to discover new lands, and their trips were expensive too. Now, we benefit from their discoveries every day.
In short, exploring Mars is not a waste of money—it’s an investment in our future. By balancing it with solving Earth’s problems, we can learn more about the universe and prepare for the future, while still taking care of our home today.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
（ ）26. What is the writer’s opinion on Mars exploration
A. We should stop exploring Mars and focus on Earth’s problems.
B. We should continue exploring Mars and ignore Earth’s problems.
C. We should explore Mars while balancing it with solving Earth’s problems.
D. We should wait until Earth’s problems are solved to explore Mars.
（ ）27. How does Mars exploration help us protect Earth
A. It teaches us why Mars lost its liquid water, so we can protect Earth’s oceans.
B. It helps us find more money to solve poverty.
C. It makes Earth’s climate change faster.
D. It provides more water for Earth from Mars’ ice.
（ ）28. Why could Mars be a “backup home” for humans
A. It has more liquid water than Earth.
B. It’s closer to the Sun than Earth.
C. Earth faces risks like asteroids and climate change.
D. It has no pollution or poverty.
（ ）29. How much of the US budget is spent on space
A. About 50%. B. About 0.5%. C. About 10%. D. About 20%.
（ ）30. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Mars is the best planet for humans to live on.
B. Exploring Mars is a waste of money and time.
C. We should balance Mars exploration with solving Earth’s problems.
D. Earth’s problems are not as important as Mars exploration.
D
Welcome to Your AR Planet Journey!
This AR guide helps you create a digital fact file for 4 planets (Mercury, Earth, Jupiter, Neptune). It’s designed for students aged 12-15—perfect for your unit project!
How to Use the AR Features
Download & Prepare:
Get the “Planet AR” app (free, no ads) from the app store.
Have a printed picture of your chosen planet (e.g., a white circle for Mercury) ready to scan.
Charge your phone—AR uses battery!
Scan & Collect Facts:
Hold your phone over the printed planet. The AR will show a 3D model of the planet.
Tap the “Fact Button” to see key info:
Mercury: “Diameter 4,880 km—smaller than Earth’s Moon!”
Jupiter: “Has over 95 moons—most in the solar system!”
Tap “Save” to add facts to your digital file (you can edit later).
Compare Planets:
Use the “Compare Tool” to put two AR planets side by side. For example, scan Mercury and Earth—see how much smaller Mercury is!
The tool also shows temperature differences: “Mercury’s day (167℃) vs. Earth’s (14℃)”.
Practical Tips
Add Notes: Tap “My Notes” to write your own observations (e.g., “Jupiter is so big—it could fit 1,300 Earths!”).
Share Your File: Export your fact file as a PDF to print or send to your teacher.
Troubleshooting: If the AR doesn’t work, make sure you’re in a bright room (no dark corners!).
Start building your AR fact file today—learning about planets has never been more fun!
根据指南内容，选择最佳答案。
（ ）31. What do you need to use the AR fact file guide
A. A printed picture of the planet and the “Planet AR” app.
B. A telescope and a star map.
C. A model planet and a camera.
D. A science textbook and a pen.
（ ）32. What can you do by tapping the “Fact Button”
A. Edit the planet’s diameter.
B. See key facts like the planet’s size or number of moons.
C. Print the 3D model of the planet.
D. Compare the planet to the Moon.
（ ）33. What does the “Compare Tool” show
A. How to build a model of the planet.
B. The history of the planet’s discovery.
C. Size and temperature differences between two planets.
D. How the planet moves around the Sun.
（ ）34. How can you share your digital fact file
A. By sending it as a PDF.
B. By showing it through a telescope.
C. By drawing it on a poster.
D. By telling it to your classmates verbally.
（ ）35. What should you do if the AR doesn’t work
A. Buy a new phone.
B. Move to a bright room.
C. Close the app and never use it again.
D. Ask your teacher to do it for you.
（二）任务型阅读（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择合适的句子补全短文（其中有一项多余），并回答最后一个问题。
My group needs to make a digital fact file for Jupiter for our science project. We want it to be accurate and interesting. Here’s how we planned it:
First, we decided what facts to include. 36 We listed key points from our textbook: type (outer gaseous planet), diameter (140,000 km), distance from the Sun (778 million km), average temperature (-145℃), and number of moons (over 95). We also wanted to add fun facts, like “Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a storm bigger than Earth!”
Second, we collected pictures and videos. 37 We found clear photos of Jupiter from NASA’s website—they show its orange and white stripes. We also downloaded a short video of its Great Red Spot moving. Our teacher said we could use these as long as we write “Source: NASA” under them.
Third, we used the “Planet AR” app to add 3D elements. 38 We scanned a printed picture of Jupiter, and the app showed a 3D model. We took screenshots of the model and added them to our file—now viewers can “see” Jupiter from different angles.
Fourth, we organized the file and checked for mistakes. 39 We divided the file into sections: “Basic Facts”, “Fun Facts”, and “Pictures & AR Models”. We read through all facts to make sure they’re correct—we fixed a mistake: we wrote “95 moons” instead of “over 95 moons”.
Now, our digital fact file is ready to present. We’re proud of it because it’s not just a list of facts—it’s interactive and fun to look at!
A. We didn’t have any pictures, so we drew Jupiter with crayons.
B. Facts are the most important part—we need to make sure they’re from reliable sources.
C. AR elements can make the fact file more engaging for classmates.
D. We used a computer to arrange the content neatly.
E. We chose pictures that show Jupiter’s unique features, like its stripes.
40.What planet would you choose to make a digital fact file about What’s one fun fact you’ll include (Answer in one sentence.)
二、语言应用（共 35 分）
（一）完形填空（每小题 1 分，共 15 分）
Last weekend, I visited the City Astronomical Museum with my science class. It was my first time in an astronomy museum, and I was 41. ______ to see the exhibits about the solar system. Our guide, Mr. Zhang, is 42. ______ astronomer—he has studied stars for over 20 years.
The first exhibit was a model of the solar system. It was huge! The Sun was in the center, and the eight planets hung 43. ______ from the ceiling. Mr. Zhang pointed to Jupiter: “It’s the largest planet—over 1,300 Earths could fit inside it!” I stared at the model in 44. ______—I never knew Jupiter was so big. We also saw a 45. ______ model of the Moon’s surface, with craters and plains. I touched a piece of rock from the Moon—Mr. Zhang said it was brought back by astronauts in 1969. It felt cold and rough, nothing like the rocks on Earth.
Next, we went to the planetarium. The room was dark, and the ceiling showed a realistic night sky. Mr. Zhang 46. ______ turned on the projector, and suddenly we saw the Big Dipper and the North Star. “The Big Dipper is a constellation,” he said. “People used it to find directions in the past.” We also watched a short film about Mars rovers 47. ______—they drive on Mars’ surface and take photos of its red soil. I 48. ______ how scientists control the rovers from Earth, millions of kilometers away. Mr. Zhang then explained the 49. ______ to us clearly.
In the afternoon, we did a hands-on activity 50. ______: making a small model of Mars. We used red clay for its surface 51. ______ white clay for its ice caps. My partner, Lily, 52. ______ added tiny rovers made of paper. Mr. Zhang looked at our model and said, “It’s very 53. ______—you even remembered the ice caps!” His praise made us feel more confident.
54. ______ leaving, we visited the gift shop. I bought a book about Copernicus—his story of 55. ______ discovering the solar system’s center inspired me. Lily bought a poster of the Milky Way galaxy.
This trip made me love astronomy even more. I learned that the universe is full of amazing things, and there’s still so much to explore. Maybe one day, I’ll become an astronomer like Mr. Zhang and explore the stars myself.
（ ）41.A. bored B. excited C. sad D. angry
（ ）42.A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）43.A. brightly B. quietly C. high D. heavily
（ ）44.A. surprise B. confusion C. fear D. annoyance
（ ）45.A. messy B. realistic C. cheap D. old
（ ）46.A. quickly B. angrily C. suddenly D. slowly
（ ）47.A. carelessly B. carefully C. loudly D. happily
（ ）48.A. wondered B. forgot C. ignored D. disliked
（ ）49.A. problem B. reason C. result D. mistake
（ ）50.A. tiredly B. sadly C. happily D. angrily
（ ）51.A. but B. or C. so D. and
（ ）52.A. cleverly B. badly C. carelessly D. slowly
（ ）53.A. ugly B. messy C. accurate D. expensive
（ ）54.A. Before B. After C. During D. Between
（ ）55.A. hardly B. successfully C. easily D. luckily
（二）词汇题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
A. 根据汉语提示及语境，写出单词的正确形式补全句子。
56. Nicolaus Copernicus was a great ______ (科学家) who discovered the Sun is the center of the solar system.
57. The Moon is Earth’s only natural ______ (卫星) and goes around it every 27 days.
58. Jupiter is the largest ______ (行星) in the solar system, with a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers.
59. Scientists use ______ (火星车) to explore Mars’ surface and collect soil samples.
60. The ______ (亮度) of a star depends on its size and distance from Earth.
B. 根据首字母提示及语境，写出单词的正确形式补全句子。
61. Mars looks red because of its red s______ and rocks—this is why people call it the “Red Planet”.
62. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, so its temperature is extremely low—about -200℃. Its c______ makes it impossible for life to exist.
63. The Big Dipper is a constellation that looks like a s______—it can help people find the North Star.
64. The universe is so big that no one knows its w______—it’s still a mystery to humans.
65. The “Planet AR” app allows students to o______ 3D models of planets and learn their facts in an interactive way.
（三）语法填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mars is often 66 (call) the “Red Planet” because of its red soil. It is one 67 the eight planets in the solar system, and it 68 (go) around the Sun. Mars is 69 (small) than Earth—its diameter is about 6,800 kilometers, while Earth’s 70 (be) around 13,000 kilometers.
Mars is 71 (far) from the Sun than Earth. It is about 228 million kilometers 72 from the Sun, which makes it colder than Earth. The average temperature 73 Mars is -63℃, but it can get 74 colder at night. Unlike Earth, Mars has no liquid water on its surface, but scientists find a lot of ice under 75 (it) ground.
三、书面表达（共 10 分）
当前，很多同学对太阳系的了解较少，缺乏探索宇宙的兴趣。请你以 “探索太阳系，点亮科学梦” 为主题，写一份倡议书，呼吁同学们积极学习太阳系知识。要求：
1.包含至少 3 条具体建议（如参观天文馆、阅读科普书、使用 AR 工具）；
2.语言通顺，条理清晰，联系学生生活实际；
3.90-110 词左右。
Proposal for "Explore the Solar System, Light Up Your Science Dream"
Dear schoolmates,
Let’s start learning about the solar system today and become future science explorers!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Grade 8/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
仁爱科普版八上Unit6听力原文+答案解析
听力原文
一、听短对话（1-5题）
每段对话后对应1个问题，从A、B、C中选最佳答案。
对话1（第1题）
W: Why does Mars look red in the night sky
M: My science teacher said it’s because of its red soil and rocks—they reflect sunlight differently.
W: That’s interesting! I thought it was because it’s near the Sun.
问题：What makes Mars look red
对话2（第2题）
M: Last night, I watched the Moon with my dad’s telescope.
W: What did you see
M: I could see big craters on its surface—they look like holes!
W: I want to try that too.
问题：What tool does the boy use to watch the Moon clearly
对话3（第3题）
W: The temperature on Neptune is about -200℃. Why is it so cold
M: Because it’s the farthest from the Sun—over 4.5 billion kilometers away! Earth is only 150 million kilometers from the Sun.
W: No wonder it’s freezing there.
问题：Why is Neptune much colder than Earth
对话4（第4题）
M: Do you know how to find the North Star
W: Yes! Find the Big Dipper first—it looks like a spoon. Follow the two stars on its right end, and you’ll see the North Star.
M: Thanks, I’ll try tonight.
问题：What does the girl know about the Big Dipper
对话5（第5题）
W: Our group needs to finish the “Solar System” project this week. What’s your task
M: We’ll make a fact file about Jupiter—write down its diameter (140,000 km) and how far it is from the Sun.
W: I’ll help you find the information online.
问题：What will the class do for their “Solar System” project
二、听长对话（6-10题）
每段对话后对应2-3个问题，从A、B、C中选最佳答案。
对话一（第6-7题）
M: Xiao Yu, you looked confused during the stargazing activity. What’s wrong
W: I can’t tell which one is the Big Dipper, and I don’t know how to find other stars.
M: Don’t worry. Start with the Big Dipper—it’s easy to spot (looks like a spoon). Once you find it, you can use it to find the North Star and other constellations.
W: I’ll practice that tonight!
问题6：What problem does Xiao Yu have when observing stars
问题7：What advice does the teacher give Xiao Yu
对话二（第8-10题）
W: Li Tao, you’re making a fact file about Mars. What will you write first
M: I want to put its key facts: distance from the Sun (228 million km) and average temperature (-63℃). W: Good! Do you know about its water
M: My textbook says there’s no liquid water, but lots of ice under the ground.
W: That’s right. Where will you get more info
M: I’ll watch science videos online—they have pictures from Mars rovers.
W: Smart idea!
问题8：What does Li Tao want to include in his Mars fact file first
问题9：What does Li Tao learn about Mars’ water
问题10：How will Li Tao get more information about Mars
三、听短文（11-15题）
短文后对应5个问题，从A、B、C中选最佳答案。
短文内容
Nicolaus Copernicus is one of the greatest scientists in history. He was born on February 19th, 1473, in Poland. When he was young, he studied in Poland and later in Italy. Copernicus loved looking up at the sky—every night, he watched the stars and wrote down what he saw.
At that time, people believed the Earth was the center of the universe, and everything else went around it. But Copernicus thought differently. After years of study, he believed the Sun was at the center, and the Earth and other planets circled the Sun. This was a big new idea, and many people doubted it—they couldn’t accept that the Earth wasn’t the “center”.
Copernicus wrote a book about his idea, but he was afraid to publish it until he was very old. The book came out in 1543, the year he died. Later, scientists proved his idea was right. Copernicus’ story teaches us to keep thinking and never stop exploring the unknown.
问题11：When was Nicolaus Copernicus born
问题12：What did Copernicus like to do in his free time
问题13：What new idea did Copernicus have
问题14：How did people feel about Copernicus’ idea at first
问题15：What is the purpose of this passage
第二部分 听力答案
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B
解析
一、短对话（1-5题）
第1题 答案：A
解析：考查火星核心特征。对话明确“火星呈红色是因为红色土壤和岩石”，干扰项B（离太阳近）是女孩的错误猜想，C（两颗小卫星）未提及，对应单元“Planets of the Solar System”中火星的外观成因知识点，需区分“事实”与“误区”。
第2题 答案：B
解析：考查观星工具词汇。男孩提到“用望远镜（telescope）看清月球环形山”，干扰项A（相机拍照）、C（地图定位）与“清晰观月”无关，对应单元“探索宇宙的工具”核心词汇，贴合Listening & Speaking的“观星对话”场景。
第3题 答案：B
解析：考查海王星气候成因。男士直接说明“海王星冷是因为离太阳最远”，干扰项A（太阳系最小行星，实际是水星）、C（无大气层，海王星有大气层但薄）均为易混淆天体属性，对应单元“行星与太阳距离对温度的影响”逻辑。
第4题 答案：A
解析：考查星座实用知识。女孩明确“北斗七星像勺子，可辅助找北极星”，干扰项B（夜空中最亮的星，实际是天狼星）、C（只在冬季出现，北斗七星全年可见）为常识误区，贴合单元“Constellations”的功能话题。
第5题 答案：B
解析：考查单元项目任务。男孩提到“制作木星资料档案（fact file），记录直径和日距”，干扰项A（画太阳图）、C（买行星模型）与“太阳系项目”无关，紧扣单元Project“制作行星档案”的核心任务。
二、长对话（6-10题）
第6题 答案：A
解析：考查问题定位。小雨明确说“分不清北斗七星和北极星，不会找其他星星”，干扰项B（望远镜坏了）、C（不会用星图）未提及，还原单元Function“观星活动中的问题与解决”场景，需精准捕捉“confused”后的具体内容。
第7题 答案：B
解析：考查建议细节。老师建议“先找北斗七星（易识别），再定位其他星星”，干扰项A（买新望远镜）、C（只在阴天观星，与常识矛盾）均不符合建议，对应单元“观星技巧”，强调“从易到难”的逻辑。
第8题 答案：A
解析：考查档案制作重点。李涛说“先写核心事实：日距和平均温度”，干扰项B（颜色和卫星数量）、C（探测器探索历史）是后续可能补充的内容，非“首要”，贴合单元Project“行星档案的核心要素”要求。
第9题 答案：B
解析：考查火星水资源事实。李涛提到“无液态水，但地下有大量冰”，干扰项A（表面有液态水，与原文矛盾）、C（水比地球多，未提及）为误区，对应单元“Mars Exploration”的核心发现。
第10题 答案：B
解析：考查信息获取方式。李涛明确“在线看科学视频”，干扰项A（问数学老师，与天文无关）、C（借月球相关书籍，主题不符）均错误，贴合“现代技术辅助学习”的单元延伸话题。
三、短文（11-15题）
第11题 答案：A
解析：考查科学家生平细节。短文开篇“1473年生于波兰”，干扰项B（1543年生于意大利，是著作出版年份和求学地）、C（1632年生于印度，无依据）为时间和地点混淆，对应单元Review“哥白尼生平”基础知识点。
第12题 答案：B
解析：考查科学家爱好。短文提到“哥白尼喜欢观星，记录所见”，干扰项A（用木头做行星模型）、C（写太阳历史书籍，实际写的是宇宙中心理论）均未提及，贴合“科学家探索精神源于兴趣”的单元主题。
第13题 答案：C
解析：考查科学核心观点。短文明确“哥白尼认为太阳是中心，地球和其他行星绕太阳转”，干扰项A、B是当时人们的错误认知（地心说），需区分“传统观点”与“新观点”，对应单元“科学突破”的核心内容。
第14题 答案：B
解析：考查推理公众态度。短文说“很多人怀疑（doubted），无法接受地球不是中心”，干扰项A（兴奋）、C（愤怒）与“doubted”不符，需通过“couldn’t accept”推断情绪，体现“新观点被接受的过程”。
第15题 答案：B
解析：考查语篇目的。短文结尾“哥白尼的故事教会我们坚持思考、探索未知”，可知目的是“介绍生平，鼓励科学探索”，干扰项A（教观星方法，非重点）、C（解释太阳是太阳系最大天体，未提及）均偏离主旨，贴合单元“传递科学精神”的目标。一、阅读理解（共50分）
笔试部分答案解析
一．阅读理解
（一）选择题阅读（16-35题，每小题2分）
A篇（观星露营经历）
16.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文第二段“As the sky turned dark, I gasped—there were more stars than I’d ever seen”明确指出“天黑时惊叹是因为看到的星星比以往都多”，A（营地冷）、C（望远镜坏）、D（看到飞机）均未提及，故选B。
17.答案：C
解析：细节题。原文第三段“looked through the telescope... saw its gray craters and dark ‘seas’ (they’re actually dry plains)”可知，望远镜中看到月球的环形山和干旱平原，A（北斗七星形状，肉眼看到）、B（火星土壤，未通过望远镜观察）、D（太阳表面，未提及）均错误，故选C。
18.答案：C
解析：细节题。原文第四段“scientists think there might be ice under its ground”明确火星地下可能有冰，A（表面有液态水，与原文“no liquid water”矛盾）、B（地球的卫星，指月球）、D（27天绕地球转，指月球）均错误，故选C。
19.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文最后一段“I made a promise to myself: I’ll read more about the solar system and maybe even become an astronomer one day”直接对应选项B，A（每年去营地）、C（给爸爸买望远镜）、D（告诉同学月球“海”）均非承诺内容，故选B。
20.答案：C
解析：主旨题。全文通过一次观星露营激发作者对宇宙的兴趣，体现“太空兴趣可从简单旅行开始”，A（观星只属于科学家，与原文“我也能成为天文学家”矛盾）、B（宇宙太大无法理解，与“学习让宇宙更近”矛盾）、D（月球是夜空中最亮天体，未提及）均错误，故选C。
B篇（太阳系行星对比）
21.答案：B
解析：细节题（图表+文本）。图表和原文第三段均指出“Jupiter: Outer (gaseous)”，A（内行星岩石）、C（内行星气态）、D（外行星岩石）均与分类不符，故选B。
22.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文第二段“Mercury... has almost no atmosphere to keep heat”解释极端温度原因，A（最大行星，木星才是）、C（离太阳最远，海王星）、D（卫星多，与温度无关）均错误，故选B。
23.答案：C
解析：细节题。原文第二段“Earth... temperature is ‘just right’... has water and air”说明地球适合生命的原因，A（最小内行星，水星）、B（极端温差，水星特征）、D（气态带岩石核心，外行星特征）均错误，故选C。
24.答案：A
解析：细节题。原文第三段“Jupiter... over 11 times wider than Earth”直接对应选项A，B、C、D均为干扰数字，故选A。
25.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。结合“Mercury... hot enough to melt metal during the day, but freezing at night”可知“extreme”指“极端的（极高或极低）”，A（温和舒适）、C（缓慢平静）、D（快速嘈杂）均不符，故选B。
C篇（火星探索的争议与观点）
26.答案：C
解析：观点题。原文首段结尾“we should continue exploring Mars, but we need to balance it with solving Earth’s problems”明确作者观点，A（停止探索）、B（忽视地球问题）、D（等地球问题解决再探索）均与观点矛盾，故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：细节题。原文第二段“if we find out why Mars lost its liquid water, we can better protect Earth’s oceans”直接对应选项A，B（找更多钱解决贫困，未提及）、C（加速地球气候变化，与原文“保护地球”矛盾）、D（从火星运水，未提及）均错误，故选A。
28.答案：C
解析：细节题。原文第三段“Earth faces risks like asteroids and climate change... Mars might be a ‘backup home’”解释原因，A（液态水更多，与原文“无液态水”矛盾）、B（离太阳更近，火星比地球远）、D（无污染贫困，未提及）均错误，故选C。
29.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文第四段“the US spends about 0.5% of its budget on space”直接对应选项B，A、C、D均为干扰百分比，故选B。
30.答案：C
解析：主旨题。全文围绕“平衡火星探索与地球问题”展开，结尾重申观点，A（火星最适合居住，未提及）、B（探索浪费钱，作者反对）、D（地球问题不重要，作者强调平衡）均错误，故选C。
D篇（AR行星指南）
31.答案：A
解析：细节题。原文“Download & Prepare”部分要求“printed picture of your chosen planet”和“Planet AR app”，B（望远镜和星图）、C（模型和相机）、D（课本和笔）均未提及，故选A。
32.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文“Scan & Collect Facts”部分“Tap the ‘Fact Button’ to see key info”（如直径、卫星数量），A（编辑直径，未提及）、C（打印3D模型，需导出PDF）、D（与月球对比，是“Compare Tool”功能）均错误，故选B。
33.答案：C
解析：细节题。原文“Compare Tool”部分“see how much smaller Mercury is”和“temperature differences”，A（制作模型，未提及）、B（发现历史，未提及）、D（行星绕太阳运动，未提及）均错误，故选C。
34.答案：A
解析：细节题。原文“Practical Tips”部分“Export your fact file as a PDF to print or send”，B（通过望远镜展示，未提及）、C（画海报，未提及）、D（口头告诉同学，未提及）均错误，故选A。
35.答案：B
解析：细节题。原文“Troubleshooting”部分“if the AR doesn’t work, make sure you’re in a bright room”，A（买新手机）、C（关闭不再用）、D（让老师做）均未提及，故选B。
（二）任务型阅读（36-40题，每小题2分）
36.答案：B
解析：前文“decided what facts to include”，B选项“Facts are important... reliable sources”（事实需可靠来源）承接“筛选事实”的逻辑，A（用蜡笔画木星，与“收集NASA图片”矛盾）、C（AR元素，未衔接“事实”）、D（整理文件，未衔接）、E（图片特征，未衔接）均不符，故选B。
37.答案：E
解析：前文“collected pictures and videos”，E选项“choose pictures that show Jupiter’s unique features”（选体现木星特征的图片）衔接“收集素材”，A（蜡笔画，矛盾）、C（AR元素，未衔接图片）、D（整理文件，未衔接）均不符，故选E。
38.答案：C
解析：前文“used the ‘Planet AR’ app to add 3D elements”，C选项“AR elements make the fact file more engaging”（AR元素让档案更吸引人）解释添加AR的意义，A、B、D均未衔接“AR元素”，故选C。
39.答案：D
解析：前文“organized the file and checked for mistakes”，D选项“used a computer to arrange the content neatly”（用电脑整理内容）衔接“整理文件”，A、B、C均未衔接“整理”，故选D。
40.答案示例：I will choose Saturn. One fun fact I’ll include is “Saturn has beautiful rings made of ice and rocks—they’re about 282,000 km wide but only 10 meters thick!”
解析：需包含“选择的行星+1个趣味事实”，事实需贴合行星特征（如土星的环、木星的大红斑等），语句通顺即可。
二、语言应用（共35分）
（一）完形填空（41-55题，每小题1分）
41.答案：B
解析：情感形容词辨析。“第一次去天文馆”应是“兴奋的”，excited（兴奋的）符合语境；bored（无聊）、sad（难过）、angry（生气）均矛盾，故选B。
42.答案：B
解析：冠词用法。astronomer（天文学家）以元音音素开头，表泛指用an；a用于辅音音素开头，the表特指，均不符合，故选B。
43.答案：C
解析：副词辨析。行星模型“从天花板上高高悬挂”，high（高高地）符合空间场景；brightly（明亮地）、quietly（安静地）、heavily（沉重地）均无法描述“悬挂”，故选C。
答案：A
解析：名词辨析。由“从未知道木星这么大”可知是“惊讶”，in surprise（惊讶地）是固定搭配；confusion（困惑）、fear（恐惧）、annoyance（恼怒）均不符，故选A。
45.答案：B
解析：形容词辨析。博物馆展品应“逼真”，realistic（逼真的）贴合语境；messy（杂乱的）、cheap（便宜的）、old（旧的）均不符合博物馆展品特征，故选B。
46.答案：D
解析：副词辨析。结合“突然看到星空”，导游应“缓缓打开”投影仪，slowly（慢慢地）符合场景；quickly（快速地）、angrily（生气地）、suddenly（突然地）与“suddenly we saw”重复或矛盾，故选D。
47.答案：B
解析：副词辨析。科普短片需“认真看”，carefully（认真地）符合语境；carelessly（粗心地）、loudly（大声地）、happily（开心地）均不贴合“看科普内容”的场景，故选B。
48.答案：A
解析：动词辨析。“好奇科学家如何控制火星车”，wondered（想知道）符合语境；forgot（忘记）、ignored（忽视）、disliked（不喜欢）均与“探索未知”的情感不符，故选A。
49.答案：B
解析：名词辨析。前文“好奇原因”，后文“清晰解释原因”，reason（原因）符合逻辑；problem（问题）、result（结果）、mistake（错误）均不匹配“解释”的内容，故选B。
50.答案：C
解析：副词辨析。手工活动是“开心的”，happily（开心地）符合情感；tiredly（疲惫地）、sadly（难过地）、angrily（生气地）均与“体验活动”矛盾，故选C。
51.答案：D
解析：连词逻辑。“红黏土做表面”与“白黏土做冰盖”是并列关系，and（和）表并列；but（转折）、or（选择）、so（因果）均不符，故选D。
52.答案：A
解析：副词辨析。用彩纸做小探测器是“聪明的做法”，cleverly（聪明地）符合语境；badly（糟糕地）、carelessly（粗心地）、slowly（慢慢地）均无法体现积极评价，故选A。
53.答案：C
解析：形容词辨析。由“甚至记住冰盖”可知模型“准确”，accurate（准确的）符合语境；ugly（丑陋的）、messy（杂乱的）、expensive（昂贵的）均与表扬语气矛盾，故选C。
54.答案：A
解析：介词辨析。“离开前逛礼品店”，Before（在……之前）符合时间顺序；After（之后）、During（期间）、Between（在……之间）均不符，故选A。
55.答案：B
解析：副词辨析。哥白尼“成功发现太阳系中心”，successfully（成功地）符合历史事实；hardly（几乎不）、easily（容易地）、luckily（幸运地）均无法体现科学发现的严谨性，故选B。
（二）词汇题（每小题1分）
A. 汉语提示填空
56.答案：scientist
解析：“科学家”对应scientist，可数名词，前有a，用单数，单元核心词（哥白尼的身份）。
57.答案：satellite
解析：“卫星”对应satellite，可数名词，前有a，用单数，单元核心词（月球的属性）。
58.答案：planet
解析：“行星”对应planet，可数名词，前有the，用单数，单元核心词（木星的属性）。
59.答案：rovers
解析：“火星车”对应rovers，可数名词，用复数表类别，单元核心词（火星探索工具）。
60.答案：brightness
解析：“亮度”对应brightness，不可数名词，由the修饰，单元延伸词（恒星亮度）。
B. 首字母提示填空
61.答案：soil
解析：首字母s，结合“Mars looks red”，soil（土壤）符合“红色土壤使火星呈红色”，单元核心词。
62.答案：coldness
解析：首字母c，结合“-200℃”，coldness（寒冷）符合“极端寒冷无法生存”，单元延伸词。
63.答案：spoon
解析：首字母s，结合“Big Dipper”，spoon（勺子）符合“北斗七星像勺子”，单元核心常识。
64.答案：width
解析：首字母w，结合“universe is big”，width（宽度）符合“宇宙宽度未知”，单元延伸词。
65.答案：observe
解析：首字母o，结合“AR models”，observe（观察）符合“观察3D行星模型”，单元核心动词。
（三）语法填空（每小题1分）
66.答案：called
解析：被动语态，“Mars被称为红色行星”，be+过去分词，call变called，单元主题相关被动用法。
67.答案：of
解析：固定结构one of the+复数名词（八大行星之一），单元常用结构。
68.答案：goes
解析：一般现在时，行星绕太阳是客观事实，主语it是单数，go变goes，单元时态考点。
69.答案：smaller
解析：比较级，由than可知“火星比地球小”，small变smaller，单元语法重点（形容词比较级）。
70.答案：is
解析：主谓一致，Earth’s（直径）是单数，be动词用is，避免重复省略直径（diameter）。
71.答案：farther
解析：比较级，由than可知“火星离太阳更远”，far变farther（距离更远），单元比较级应用。
72.答案：away
解析：固定表达“距离+away from”（离太阳2.28亿公里），单元距离表达法。
73.答案：on
解析：介词用法，“在火星上”用on Mars，单元行星前介词固定搭配。
74.答案：much
解析：修饰比较级，much colder（冷得多），单元语法（修饰比较级的副词）。
75.答案：its
解析：形容词性物主代词，“火星的地表下”，it变its，单元代词考点。
三、书面表达（共10分）
参考范文
Proposal for "Explore the Solar System, Light Up Your Science Dream"
Dear schoolmates,
Many of us know little about the solar system and lack interest in space. Let’s change this! First, visit the city astronomical museum—you can see real moon rocks and watch sky shows about planets. Second, read popular science books like The Solar System for Kids to learn fun facts, such as “Jupiter has over 95 moons”. Third, use the “Planet AR” app to explore 3D models of Mars or Saturn and make digital fact files.
Learning about the solar system helps us love science and dream big. Let’s start learning about the solar system today and become future science explorers!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Grade 8

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