资源简介 Unit 6 语法综合导学案本导学案包含 “be going to 用法” 和 “动词不定式作宾语用法” 两大语法模块,内容贴近八年级英语水平,每个模块均涵盖 “核心知识点讲解”“例句示范”“即学即练” 及 “答案解析”。建议先理解语法规则和例句,再完成练习题,及时巩固所学内容。模块一:be going to 用法一、be going to 重点用法表示 “计划、打算” 做某事(主观意图,常搭配未来时间状语,如 tomorrow, next week, this Saturday 等)例句:I am going to visit my grandparents next Sunday.(下周日我打算去看望祖父母。)表示 “根据迹象预测” 即将发生某事(客观判断,如天气、场景提示,无需明确时间状语)例句:Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.(看那些乌云!天要下雨了。)二、be going to 句式结构(表格形式)句式类型 结构公式 例句肯定句 主语 + be (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 He is going to play basketball after school.(他放学后要去打篮球。)否定句 主语 + be (am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 She is not (isn't) going to watch TV tonight.(她今晚不打算看电视。)一般疑问句 Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? —Is Tom going to join the English club (汤姆要加入英语俱乐部吗?)—Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(是,他要。/ 不,他不要。)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(What/Where/When/How...) + be (am/is/are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他? —What are you going to do tomorrow (你明天要做什么?)—I am going to do my homework.(我要做作业。)三、即学即练(be going to 部分)用 “be going to” 填空(根据主语选 am/is/are,必要时变否定):① They _______ (visit) the zoo this Saturday.(计划)② The baby _______ (not /eat) this cake. He doesn't like sweet food.(否定)③ _______ your mother _______ (cook) dinner for us (一般疑问句)按要求改写句子:① He is going to read a book this evening.(改为特殊疑问句,用 What 提问)② It is going to snow tomorrow.(改为否定句)选择正确答案(判断用法:计划 / 预测):① —Why are you taking an umbrella —Because it _______ rain.( )A. is going to B. will C. do② I _______ learn to play the guitar next month. My dad bought me one.( )A. am going to B. was going to C. is going to模块二:动词不定式作宾语用法一、接动词不定式(to do)作宾语的常用动词(表格形式)常用动词 含义 结构(动词 + to do) 例句want 想要 want to do sth She wants to buy a new pen.(她想买一支新钢笔。)decide 决定 decide to do sth He decided to study hard for the exam.(他决定为考试努力学习。)plan 计划 plan to do sth We plan to go hiking next weekend.(我们计划下周末去徒步。)hope 希望 hope to do sth I hope to visit Beijing one day.(我希望有一天能去北京。)try 努力;尝试 try to do sth They try to finish the work on time.(他们努力按时完成工作。)learn 学习 learn to do sth He learns to swim every summer.(他每年夏天学游泳。)二、“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式” 结构作宾语核心用法:特殊疑问词(what/where/when/how/which)后接 “to do”,整体作动词的宾语(常见动词:know, learn, decide, forget, remember 等)。注意:此结构无需再加主语,语义完整。例句:I don't know what to do next.(我不知道接下来该做什么。)She is learning how to cook noodles.(她正在学怎么做面条。)三、it 作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正宾语核心用法:当 “动词不定式(to do)” 作宾语且后面有形容词修饰时,为避免句子头重脚轻,用 “it” 作形式宾语,将真正宾语(to do)放在形容词后。常用结构:主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词 + to do sth(常用动词:find, think, feel, believe, make 等)。例句:I find it easy to learn English.(我发现学英语很容易。)(it=to learn English,真正宾语是 “to learn English”)She thinks it important to finish homework on time.(她认为按时完成作业很重要。)四、即学即练(动词不定式作宾语部分)用表格中 “接 to do 的动词” 填空(选 want/decide/plan/hope,并用 to do 形式):① They _______ _______ (visit) their teacher this Friday.(计划)② My brother _______ _______ (join) the football club next term.(想要)③ She _______ _______ (study) abroad after high school.(希望)用 “特殊疑问词 + to do” 补全句子(选 what/where/how):① He doesn't know _______ _______ (go) for vacation.(去哪里度假)② Can you tell me _______ _______ (solve) this math problem (怎么解这道数学题)用 “it 作形式宾语” 改写句子:① To finish this work in an hour is difficult.(用 find 改写)I _______ _______ difficult _______ _______ this work in an hour.② To speak English in public is scary.(用 think 改写)She _______ _______ scary _______ _______ English in public.即学即练答案一、be going to 部分答案① are going to(主语 They 为复数,表计划,用 are going to)② isn't going to(主语 The baby 为单数,否定形式用 isn't going to)③ Is; going to(主语 your mother 为单数,一般疑问句将 Is 提前)① What is he going to read this evening (特殊疑问句结构:What + is + 主语 + going to + 动词原形...)② It isn't going to snow tomorrow.(否定句在 is 后加 not,缩写为 isn't)① A(根据 “带伞” 的迹象预测下雨,用 be going to)② A(主语 I,表 “下个月计划学吉他”,用 am going to)二、动词不定式作宾语部分答案① plan; to visit(“计划做某事” 用 plan to do sth,主语 They 为复数,动词用原形)② wants; to join(“想要做某事” 用 want to do sth,主语 My brother 为单数,want 变 wants)③ hopes; to study(“希望做某事” 用 hope to do sth,主语 She 为单数,hope 变 hopes)① where; to go(“去哪里” 用 where to go,作 know 的宾语)② how; to solve(“怎么解” 用 how to solve,作 tell 的宾语)① find; it; to finish(结构:find it + 形容词 + to do,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是 to finish...)② thinks; it; to speak(结构:think it + 形容词 + to do,it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是 to speak...) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览