资源简介

(共66张PPT)
Unit 5 Play by the rules
单词讲解
（外研版2024）八年级英语
上
Click (名词) 点击（鼠标）
【用法讲解】 click为动词，还可译为“发出咔哒声”；click还可为名词，译为“咔哒声、点击”
Eg: Click the icon to open the program.
点击图标打开程序。
The old clock clicks loudly every second.
这台老钟每秒都发出响亮的咔哒声。
She heard a click as the door unlocked.
她听到门解锁时发出的咔哒声。
Each click on the ad generates revenue.
广告上的每次点击都会产生收入。
Basic (形容词) 基础的、基本的、根本的
【用法讲解】 basic还可为可数名词，译为“基础、要素”，常以复数形式basics出现。
Eg: We need to learn the basic rules of the game.
我们需要学习这个游戏的基本规则。
These are the basic principles of physics.
这些是物理学的基本原理。
The basics of computer programming are not difficult to understand.
计算机编程的基础知识并不难理解。
Personal (形容词) 个人的、私人的
【用法讲解】 personal在句中常作定语。
Eg: In my personal opinion, this movie is worth watching.
在我个人看来，这部电影值得一看。
【常见搭配】 personal belongings 个人物品
Personal opinion 个人观点
Personal information 个人信息
Eg: Please take care of your personal belongings when you are in public places.
在公共场所时，请保管好你的个人物品。
This is just my personal opinion, and you can have your own view.
这只是我的个人观点，你可以有自己的看法。
We need to protect our personal information from being leaked.
我们需要保护我们的个人信息不被泄露。
【派生词】 person为可数名词，其复数形式为persons。
Eg: Two persons are waiting for you outside.
有两个人在外面等你。
【常见搭配】 in person 亲自、当面
Eg: The manager will attend the meeting in person.
经理将亲自参加会议。
【即学即用】
1.I use my __________ (person) computer for online shopping and watching videos.
答案：personal
Private (形容词) 个人的、秘密的
【用法讲解】 private在句中常作定语；private还可为名词，译为“ 士兵”。
Eg: This is a private matter.
这是私人事务。
The soldier was a private in the army.
这名士兵是军队里的一名二等兵。
【常见搭配】 private property 私有财产
Private life 私人生活
In private 私下地、秘密地
Eg: The government respects and protects private property.
政府尊重和保护私有财产。
He tried to keep his private life separate from his work.
他努力让自己的私人生活和工作分开。
They had a discussion in private.
他们私下进行了一次讨论。
【派生词】 privacy为名词，译为“隐私、独处”；
privately为副词，译为“私下地、秘密地”。
Eg: Please respect my privacy.
请尊重我的隐私。
The company is privately owned.
这家公司是私营的。
【即学即用】
1.The law protects citizens’ right to ________ (private).
2.他们私下讨论了这个问题。
They discussed the issue _______ _______.
答案：1.privacy 2.in private
Avoid (动词) 避免
Eg: Good leaders avoid unnecessary conflicts in teams.
优秀领导者避免团队中不必要的冲突。
She avoids spicy food because of her stomach.
她因胃病避开辛辣食物。
【常见搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
Eg: To stay healthy, avoid smoking and drinking.
为了保持健康，要避免吸烟和饮酒。
【派生词】 avoidance为名词，译为“避免、躲避”；
avoidable为形容词，译为“可避免的”。
Eg: His avoidance of the topic made everyone curious.
他回避这个话题让每个人都很好奇。
This accident was avoidable if he had been more careful.
如果他更小心，这个事故是可以避免的。
【即学即用】
1.We should avoid _______ (waste) water.
答案：wasting
Address (名词) 地址
【用法讲解】 address为可数名词，其复数形式为addresses；address还可为动词，译为“位置标识”。
Eg: Please provide your delivery address for the package.
请提供包裹的收货地址。
Remember to address the envelope with the correct postcode.
记得在信封上填写正确的邮政编码。
【常见搭配】 take down the address 记录地址
Address the issue 解决问题
Eg: Can you take down my address for the delivery
你能记下我的地址以便送货吗？
We need to address the issue of low productivity.
我们需要解决生产力底下的问题。
【即学即用】
1.Please write your ________ ________ (家庭住址) clearly on the form.
答案：home address
Passport (名词) 护照
【用法讲解】 Passport为可数名词，其复数形式为passports，也可译为“途径、手段”。
Eg: You need a valid passport to travel abroad.
出国旅行需要有效护照。
Education is a passport to success.
教育是通向成功的途径。
【常见搭配】 passport number 护照号码
A passport to ... ...的途径
Eg: Fill in your passport number on the form.
在表格上填写护照号码。
Winning the competition was her passport to fame.
赢得比赛是她成名的途径。
【即学即用】
1.All passengers must show their ___________ (护照).
答案：passports
Limit (动词) 限制、限定
【用法讲解】 limit还可为可数名词，译为“限度、限制、界限”，其复数形式为limits。
Eg: Parents should limit the time their children spend on electronic devices.
父母应该限制孩子使用电子设备的时间。
There is a time limit for completing this task.
完成这项任务有时间限制。
【常见搭配】 speed limit 限速
Time limit 时间限制
Set a limit 设定限制
Limit sth.to sth. 将...限制在...
Limit doing sth. 限制做某事
Eg: You must obey the speed limit on the road.
你必须遵守路上的限速规定。
There is a strict time limit for this exam.
这次考试有严格的时间限制。
The teacher set a limit on the length of the essay.
老师对论文的长度设定了限制。
We must limit expenses to stay within budget.
我们必须把开销维持在预算之内。
The library limits borrowing to 5 books per person.
图书馆限制每人借五本书。
Careless (形容词) 不小心的、粗心的、疏忽的
【用法讲解】 careless在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: His careless mistake cost him the job.
他粗心的错误使他丢掉了这份工作。
Don’t be so careless next time.
下次别这么粗心了。
【常见搭配】 be careless about... 对...粗心
Be careless of ... 不关心、不顾及
Eg: He is careless about his health.
他对自己的健康很粗心。
She is careless of other people’s feelings.
她不顾及别人的感受。
【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“仔细的、认真的、小心的”；
carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”。
Eg: She is careful when crossing the street.
她过马路时很小心。
She listened carefully to the instructions.
她仔细听了指示。
【即学即用】
1.The accident was caused by ________ (care) driving.
答案：careless
Aware (形容词) 注意到的、察觉到的
【用法讲解】 aware在句中作表语或后置定语。
Eg: Teachers should help students become more culturally aware.
老师应该帮助学生提高文化意识。
The people aware of the issue gathered to discuss it.
意识到这个问题的人聚集起来讨论。
【常见搭配】 be aware of sth. 意识到某事
Be aware that 从句 知道...
Make sb.Aware of sth. 使某人意识到某事
Eg: Are you aware of the new policy
你知道新政策吗？
She is aware that her actions have consequences.
她知道自己的行为会有后果。
The campaign aims to make people aware of climate change.
这场运动旨在让人们意识到气候变化。
【派生词】 awareness为名词，译为“意识”；
unaware为形容词，译为“未察觉的、不知道的”。
Eg: The company aims to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
这家公司旨在提高公众的环保意识。
He was unaware of the danger.
他没有意识到危险。
New words
lawyer / l j (r)/ n.律师
urgent / d nt/ adj. 紧急的，急迫的
citizen /'s t zn/n.市民，城镇居民;公民
click /klik/ n. 点击( 鼠标)
basic /'beisik/ adj.基础的，基本的，根本的

private /pra v t/ adj( 感情、消息或意见)个人的，秘密的
avoid /' v d/ v 避免
address / dres/ n.地址

password / pɑ sw d/n.(使用计算机系统或程序所用的)密码

New words
limit / l m t/ v(在数量上)限制，限定
careless / ke l s/ adj. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的
aware / we (r)/ adj. 意识到的，明白的, 知道的
cheat /tfi:t/v欺诈，欺骗
trust /tr st/v信任，信赖，相信
enemy / en mi/ n.敌人

behave /b he v/ v 表现
cyberbullying / sa b b li /n. 网络欺凌

lawyer / l j (r)/ n.律师
常用词组：
become a lawyer 成为一名律师
hire a lawyer 聘请律师
His dream is to become a lawyer and help people.
他的梦想是成为一名律师，帮助人们。
urgent / d nt/ ad. 紧急的，急迫的
单词变形：
adv. urgently 紧急地；
n. urgency 紧急情况
常用词组：
an urgent problem 一个紧急的问题，
urgent news 紧急消息
There is an urgent need for clean water in the village.
这个村庄急需干净的水。
citizen /'s t zn/n.市民，城镇居民;公民
常用词组：
a city citizen 城市市民
a responsible citizen 一位有责任感的公民
Every citizen should obey the laws of the country.
每个公民都应该遵守国家的法律。
click /klik/ n. 点击( 鼠标)
常用词组：
click on sth. 点击某物，
a single click 一 次点击
double-click 双 击
单词变形：
v. click 意为“点击”
Just click on the link to open the website.
只需点击链接即可打开网站。
basic /'beisik/ ad.基础的，基本的，根本的

单词变形：
n. basis 基础；
adv. basically 基本上
常用词组：
basic skills 基本技能
basic knowledge 基础知识
Learning English grammar is a basic skill for language study.
学习英语语法是语言学习的 一 项基本技能。
单词变形：
adv.privately 私 下 地
常用词组：
private life 私人生活
private message 私人信息
We should respect others'private lives and not ask too many personal questions.我们应该尊重他人的私人生活，不要问太多个人问题。
private /pra v t/ adj( 感情、消息或意见)个人的，秘密的
常用词组：
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，
avoid mistakes 避免错误
She tried to avoid making the same mistake in the exam.
她努力避免在考试中犯同样的错误。
avoid /' v d/ v 避免
常用词组：
email address 电子邮件地址
write down the address 写下地址
Please tell me your home address so I can send you the letter.
请告诉我你的家庭地址，这样我就可以给你寄信了。
address / dres/ n.地址

常用词组：
set a password 设 置 密 码 ，
change password 修改密码
Remember to keepyour password safe and don't tell it to others.
记得保管好你的密码，不要告诉别人。
password / pɑ sw d/n.(使用计算机系统或程序所用的)密码

Exercise
He is a ______.He knows the law very well.
In some_____ situations,it might be okay to break certain rules.
There are so many netizens,that is,__________ on the internet!
We can get in ouch with anyone with just one __________.
Here are the________ rules you need to know to stay safe online.
Keep personal information___________.
__________posting personal information online.
This includes your full name,phone number,_________,ID or _______ number.
lawyer
urgent
citizens
click
basic
private
Avoid
address
password
词汇变形：
n.limit 同形，意为“限制”;
adj. limited 有 限 的
We should limit the use of plastic bags to protect the environment.
我们应该限制使用塑料袋，以保护环境。
limit / l m t/ v(在数量上)限制，限定
常用词组：
limit sth.to... 把某物限制在 … … ,
set a limit 设定限制
词汇变形：
n. carelessness 粗心；
反义词： careful adj. 细 心 的
adv.carelessly 粗心地
He failed the exam because of his careless mistakes.
他因为粗心的错误而考试不及格。
常用词组：
be careless about sth. 对某事粗心，
a careless mistake 粗心的错误
careless / ke l s/ ad. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的
单词变形：
n. awareness
We should be aware of the importance of saving water.
我们应该意识到节约用水的重要性。
aware / we (r)/ ad. 意识到的，明白的, 知道的
常用词组：
be aware of 意 识 到 ，
make sb.aware of 使某人意识到
单词变形：
n.cheat 同形，意为“骗子
It's wrong to cheat in the exam,and we should be honest.
考试作弊是错误的，我们应该诚实。
常用词组：
cheat in the exam 考试作弊，
cheat sb. 欺骗某人
cheat /tfi:t/v欺诈，欺骗
单词变形：
n. trust 同形，意为“信任”
We should trust our friends and share our feelings with them.
我们应该信任朋友，并与他们分享我们的感受。
常用词组：
trust sb. 信任某人，
earn trust 赢得信任，
trust in 信任，信赖
trust /tr st/v信任，信赖，相信
Pollution is considered an enemy of the environment.
污染被认为是环境的敌人。
常用词组：
fight against the enemy 与敌人战斗，
make enemies 树敌
enemy / en mi/ n.敌人

单词变形：
n. behavior/behaviour 行为
Children should learn to behave politely in public places.
孩子们应该学会在公共场所举止礼貌。
常用词组：
behave well 表 现 好 ，
behave badly 表 现 差
behave oneself 举止得体，守规矩
behave /b he v/ v 表现
单词变形：
v. bully 欺负
Cyberbullying is a serious problem,and we should help those who are bullied online.
网络欺凌是一个严重的问题，我们应该帮助那些在网上被欺凌的人。
常用词组：
experience cyberbullying 经历网络欺凌，
prevent cyberbullying 防止网络欺凌
cyberbullying / sa b b li /n. 网络欺凌

Exercise
However,__________ who sees it.Only people you know should see your information.
Change it often and don't be _________.
Be _________of strangers.
Never meet online strangers in real life.They may ________you.
Only spend time online with_________ friends.
Words sometimes hurt people and you can make ___________.
Remember that ___________badly online has costs.
People sometimes say bad things to other people online.This is _________.
limit
careless
aware
cheat
trusted
enemies
behaving
cyberbullying
New words
opposite / p z t/prep.在……的对面
packet/ p k t/n.(装商品的)小包，小盒， 小袋
picnic / p kn k/n. 野餐
smelly/smeli/adj.有臭味的
cheese /t i z/n.干酪，奶酪
noise/n z/n.噪声；嘈杂声
reduce /r dju s/v.缩小；减少；降低
kick /k k/v.踢
seat /si t/ n.座，座位
New words
passenger / p s nd (r)/n.(车辆、飞机、船舶等的)乘客，旅客
anything /eniθ /pron.任何事物都(没有)
fool /fu:l/n.蠢人，傻子，笨蛋
sign/sa n/n.标记；指示牌，标牌
throat/θr t/n.喉咙，咽喉
clear your throat 清清嗓子
responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/n.责任
cause /k z/n. 起因。原因
belt/belt/n. 腰带，皮带
New words
seat belt n.(汽车或飞机上的)安全带
station /'ste n/n. 车站
flowerpot / fla p t/n. 花盆
pick up 捡起
mess /mes/n.脏乱，凌乱
honesty n sti/n.诚实，正直；坦诚
respect /r spekt/ v.尊重
spread /spred/v. 传播
opposite / p z t/prep.在……的对面
The cinema is opposite to the bank.
电影院在银行的对面。
单词变形：
adj.相对的，相反的
n.对立面
常见词组：
opposite to sth. 在……对面，
opposite direction 相反方向
packet/ p k t/n.(装商品的)小包，小盒， 小袋
常见词组：
a packet of ： 一小包，一小盒
a packet of coffee 一包咖啡
I bought a packet of biscuits for the picnic.
我买了一小包饼干去野餐。
picnic / p kn k/n. 野餐
常见词组：
go on a picnic 去野餐
have a picnic 举行野餐
We plan to have a picnic in the park this Sunday.
我们计划这周日去公园野餐。
smelly/smeli/ adj.有臭味的
Please take out the smelly garbage from the kitchen.
请把厨房里有臭味的垃圾拿出去
单词变形：
v.闻;发出气味
n.气味
adj.有臭味的，发臭的
常见词组：
smelly shoes 臭鞋子，
smelly garbage 有臭味的垃圾
单词变形：不可数名词，
无复数表示种类时可加-s:cheeses
cheese /t i z/n.干酪，奶酪
常见词组：
a piece of cheese 一块奶酪，
cheese sandwich奶酪三明治
My brotherlikesto put cheese on his pizza.
我弟弟喜欢在披萨上放奶酪。
noise/n z/ n.噪声；嘈杂声
①noise既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，意为“噪声；杂音”。
②make a noise是固定短语，意为“制造噪声；发出声响”。
外面有很多噪声。
There is a lot of noise outside.
易混辨析 noise、sound 与 voice的用法区别

易混词 词 性 词 义 用法区别
noise 名词 噪声；杂音 专指噪声和不悦耳的 声音。
sound 名词 声音 泛指各种声音。
voice 名词 嗓音 多指人的说话声、歌 声等。
1.Please don’t make such ____________ in class.
2.Light travels much faster than ____________.
3.That girl has a beautiful ___________.
Exercise
noise
sound
voice
reduce /r dju s/v.缩小；减少；降低
reduce 的常用搭配：
reduce by 表示“降低了”;
reduce to表示“降低到”。
●The skirt was ____________ 10 in the sales.
在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到10英镑。
reduced to
kick /k k/v.踢
常用搭配：
kick down 表示“踢倒;踢破;”;
他们试图把前门踢倒
They tried to kick down the front door.
seat /si t/ n.座，座位
常用搭配：
have a seat/ take a seat 表示“坐下;”;
请坐，我马上过来
Have a seat. I'll be right over.
Fill in the blanks with a proper words.
1.Suddenly,a girl ___________ me started playing loud music on her phone.
2.A minute later, the man next to me took out several__________ of food.
3. It was like he was on a___________.
4.People have to eat, of course, but the food was so___________!
5.It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue __________.
6.I covered my nose so as to___________ the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.
7. Then a boy behind me started to _________ my seat.
opposite
packets
picnic
smelly
cheese
reduce
kick
All passengers should wear seat belts in the car.
所有乘客在车内都应系好安全带。
passenger / p s nd (r)/n.(车辆、飞机、船舶等的)乘客，旅客
常见词组：
passenger safety 乘客安全
train passenger 火车乘客
anything /eniθ /pron.任何事物都(没有)
复合不定代词 词缀 -one(人） -body(人） -thing(事物）
some-
any-
no-
every-
someone(某人）
somebody（某人）
something（某事）
anyone（任何人）
anybody（任何人）
anything（任何事情）
no one（没有人）
nobody（没有人）
nothing（没有什么）
everyone（每个人）
everybody（每个人）
everything（一切）
复合不定代词用法
1.some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中;any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句和疑问句中，也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何……’
I have something to tell you.
Would you like something to drink
I don't see anybody.
Did you buy anything interesting
You can buy anything you want..
2.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
Something is wrong with my bike.
3.形容词或不定式修饰复合不定代词时，要放在复合不定代词之后
I want to do something interesting./ Do you have anything to say
Exercise
1. I didn't have_________to say.(something/ anything)
2. There isn't__________left in the fridge.(something/ anything)
3. I would like_________________ to buy.(something cheap/ cheap something)
4. Everyone_________to have a long holiday.(want/ wants)
5. I'm so hungry. Can l have________________ (something to eat/ anything to eat )
6. I knocked the door but_________________answered.(everybody/ nobody)
7. Everything_________________ready. We can start now.(am/ is/ are)
8. No one_________________the answer to that question.(know/ knows)
anything
anything
something cheap
wants
something to eat
nobody
is
knows
单词变形：
复数：fools;动词：
V.愚弄；欺骗；
adj.foolish愚蠢的
fool /fu:l/n.蠢人，傻子，笨蛋
常见词组：
make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人
fool around 胡闹
Don't be a fool;study hard for the exam.
别犯傻，好好为考试复习。
sign/sa n/n.标记；指示牌，标牌
单词变形：
复数：signs;
V.签名；签署
常见词组：
traffic sign 交通标志
warning sign 警告标志
Look at the sign—it says “No Parking”.
看那个标志—上面写着“禁止停车”。
throat/θr t/n.喉咙，咽喉
常见词组：
sore throat 喉咙痛，
clear one's throat 清嗓子
clear your throat 清清嗓子
He cleared his throat before starting the speech.
他在开始演讲前清了清嗓子。
responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/n.责任
单词变形：
adj. responsible 负责的；
adv. responsibly 负责地
常见词组：
take responsibility 承担责任
social responsibility 社会责任
It's our responsibility to protect the environment.
保护环境是我们的责任。
cause /k z/n. 起因,原因
单词变形：
复数：causes;
v.导致；引起
常见词组：
the cause of.… ……的原因，
root cause 根本原因
What's the cause of the fire in the forest
森林火灾的原因是什么
Fill in the blanks with a proper words.
1.I turned around so as to see the other _____________faces.
2.Theyalso seemed unhappy;but no one did _____________.
3.Will they think me a ____________ if I do something
4.I looked at the_____________ on the wall.
5.I took a deep breath,stood up and ______________________.
6.Not my______________!
7.You can also consider _______________ and effects within the story.
passengers’
anything
fool
signs
cleaned my throat
responsibility
causes
belt/belt/n. 腰带，皮带
station /'ste n/n. 车站
常见词组：
seat belt (汽车或飞机上的)安全带
safety belt 安全带
Remember to fasten your seat belt before the car starts.
汽车启动前记得系好安全带。
We will meet at the subway station at 9 o'clock.
我们9点在地铁站见面。
常见词组：
train station 火车站
railway station 地铁站
常见词组：
plant in a flowerpot 种在花盆里
broken flowerpot 破花盆
My grandma keeps many flowers in flowerpots on the balcony.
奶奶在阳台上的花盆里种了很多花。
flowerpot / fla p t/n. 花盆
pick up 捡起
常用词组：
pick up sth. 捡起某物
pick up the phone 接电话
pick up a habit 养成一个习惯
She picked up the book from the floor and put it on the desk.
她从地上捡起书，放在书桌上。
常用词组：
make a mess 弄得一团糟
clean up the mess 清理脏乱
in a mess 杂乱不堪
mess /mes/n.脏乱，凌乱
The kids made a mess in the living room with their toys.孩子们用玩具把客厅弄得一团糟。
We should always remember that honesty is the best policy.
我们应该永远记住，诚实为上策。
honesty/ n sti/n.诚实，正直；坦诚
单词变形：
adj.honest 诚实的；
adv.honestly 诚实地
常用词组：
show honesty 表现出诚实
value honesty 重视诚实
honesty is the best policy 诚实为上策(谚语)
respect /r spekt/ v.尊重
单词变形：
n. respect “尊重”;
adj.respectful 尊重人的
We should respect our teachers and classmates at school.
在学校里，我们应该尊重老师和同学。
常用词组：
respect others 尊重他人
gain respect 获得尊重
show respect to sb. 向某人表示尊重
常用词组：
spread happiness 传播快乐，
spread out 展开,铺开
spread /spred/v. 传播
Don't spread false information on the Internet.
不要在网上传播虚假信息。
Fill in the blanks with a proper words.
1. People wear _____________ in cars.People want to stay safe on the road.
2. Sally arrived at the train___________ before 6:00 am.
3.However,I found my favourite____________ broken.
4.I ___________the pieces.
5.I clean up the____________.
6.His ___________ made me respect him.
7._____________ some happiness.
seat belts
station
flowerpot
picked up
mess
honesty
Spread
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