资源简介

第二节　代词　
考点一　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1.分类
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容 词性 名词性
功能 主语 宾语、 表语 定语 主语、表 语、宾语 宾语、表 语、同位语
单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
2.物主代词
物主代词是人称代词的属格形式,用来说明所属关系,可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
(1)形容词性物主代词常置于名词之前,在句中作定语。人称、数和性别取决于它们所指代的名词。
(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、表语、宾语,或与 of连用作定语。
I like yours(you) better than ours(we).
我喜欢你们的胜过我们自己的。
[点拨]　物主代词用法口诀
物主代词分词性,形容词性名词性;两种代词形不同,添个s形变名;his、its无变化,my变mine要记清。
3.反身代词
反身代词与它所指的名词或代词构成互指关系,其人称、数和性别必须与其所指代的名词或代词保持一致。
作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself (him) Chinese.汤姆自学了汉语。
介宾:You can’t leave the baby by himself (him).你不能留下孩子一个人。
作表语 She is not quite herself (she) today. 她今天不在状态。
作同位语 I myself (I) can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。
考点二　it的用法
1.基本用法
指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等,也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象,还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.
由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率不断上升。
2.it作形式主语和形式宾语的常用句型
it ①It is a pity/shame that...真可惜…… ②It is no wonder that...难怪…… ③It seems/appears that...似乎/看来…… ④It looks/seems as if/as though... 看起来好像…… ⑤It happens that...碰巧…… ⑥It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起…… ⑦It is said/reported that...据说/据报道…… ⑧It is certain that...……是一定的 ⑨It is no use/good doing...做……没有用/好处 ⑩It takes sb some time to do... 做……花费某人若干时间
it ①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+adj./n.+for/of sb to do/that从句 ②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/...+doing...
考点三　不定代词
1.other;others;the other;another
other 不能单独使用,常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词时,也可与可数名词单数连用。
others 表示泛指,相当于“other+复数名词”,可构成some...others...“一些……另一些……”。
the other “the other+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有one...the other...“一个……另一个……”的搭配,其复数形式为the others或“the other+复数名词”,特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,其余的人或物。
another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可以用于“another+数词+名词复数”表示“另外……个……”的含义。
2.both;all;either;any;neither;none的用法
　　　　　　含义 范围
都 任一 都不
两者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
[点拨]　固定搭配:anything but(根本不)、nothing but(只不过;仅仅)、all but(几乎;差一点)、none but(仅仅;只有)。everything意为“每件事物;所有事物”,强调整体,与not连用时表示部分否定,意为“并不是所有事物都……”。
考点四　指示代词:one(s);that;those
one(s) one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个,相当于“a/an+单数名词”; ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表泛指。 a/an+可数名词单数=one;the+可数名词单数=that/the one; the+不可数名词=that; the+可数名词复数=the ones/those; 可数名词复数=ones。
that 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语,但可以有后置定语。
those 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于the ones。
[点拨]　在文中为避免重复,one(s)、that、those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。
提示词为人称代词的语法填空
1.分析句子结构,确定所填词在句中所作的成分。
(1)作主语:常用人称代词的主格、相应的名词性物主代词
(2)作宾语:常用人称代词的宾格、相应的名词性物主代词或反身代词
(3)作定语:常用相应的形容词性物主代词
(4)作同位语:常用反身代词
2.理解句意,根据代词意义及用法,填入合适的代词形式。
第三节　介词　
考点一　介词的用法
介词 用法
at,in,on ①at表示时间点; ②in表示时间段,与表示较长一段时间的词搭配; ③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日;也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
in,after 两者后均可接时间段,表示“在……之后”,但“in+时间段”常与将来时连用,“after+时间段”常与过去时连用。
for,since, from ①“for+时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了一段时间; ②“since+时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间; ③“from+时间点”表示行为或状态的起始点。
before,by before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。
on,above,over ①on指在某物的表面上,其反义词是beneath; ②above指离开物体表面而在其上方,不一定是垂直向上,其反义词是below; ③over指离开物体表面而在其正上方,其反义词是under,over还可以表示“越过……”。
across,through,past,over,along,by,beside ①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”; ②through指从人群或物体内部“穿过,贯穿”; ③past表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边; ④over表示从上方越过; ⑤along表示“沿着”; ⑥by与beside均表示“在……旁边”,by含有“倚,凭靠”的意思,beside指两者位置关系。
at,in,on ①at后接较小的地方或门牌号码; ②in后接较大的地方; ③on一般指与面或线接触。
in,on,to,off ①in表示在某一范围之内; ②on表示与某一地区“毗邻,接壤”; ③to表示在某范围之外; ④off表示“(时空上)离,距”。
He climbed over the wall.
他爬过了那堵墙。
In fact,half of the 6,000 to 7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the UNESCO.据联合国教科文组织所说,事实上,目前全球范围内的六千至七千种语言中,有一半到下个世纪可能会消失。
考点二　常用介词短语
类别 搭配
与介词in搭配的短语 in a way在某种程度上;in no way没门;in the way挡住道路;in vain徒劳;in general通常,大体上;in detail详细地;in turn轮流地;in return作为回报
“in+名词+of”短语 in honour of为纪念……;in charge of负责,掌管;in terms of依据,就……而言;in praise of赞扬;in favour of支持,赞同;in need of需要
与介词at搭配的短语 at no time决不;at a time一次,每次;at one time一度,曾经;at times不时地,有时;at one’s request应某人的要求;at a loss不知所措
其他常考短语 on behalf of代表;by chance/accident偶然;after all毕竟,别忘了;regardless of不管,不顾;on the whole总的来说;on the contrary相反
考点三　“动词+名词/代词+介词”构成的短语
1.用于“动词+sb/sth+of+sth”短语的常见动词
accuse　　控告　　　 cheat　 　欺骗
cure　　治愈 inform 通知
remind　　使想起 rob 抢劫
warn　　警告 rid 使摆脱
suspect　　怀疑 persuade 说服
convince　　使信服
2.用于“动词+sb/sth+for+sth”短语的常见动词
blame　　责备 criticize 批评
forgive　　原谅 excuse 原谅
pardon　　原谅 punish 惩罚
scold　　责备 thank 感谢
praise　　赞扬 respect 尊重
admire　　钦佩;赞赏
3.用于“动词+sb/sth+from+(doing) sth”短语的常见动词
prevent　　阻止 stop 阻止
keep　　阻止 protect 保护
preserve　　保护;保存 defend 保卫
ban　　禁止 prohibit 阻止;禁止
shelter　　保护
4.其他后跟介词的动词短语
result from　　　 由……造成,因……而产生
result in 导致,结果是
call at 访问(某地)
call on 拜访(某人)
call for 要求;需要
add to 增加
end up with 以……结束
fix one’s eyes on 注视
give in (to) 屈服;上交
get rid of 免除;摆脱
look down on/upon 轻视;看不起
make use of 利用
make fun of 取笑
run out of 用完
take pride in 因……而自豪
take on 呈现;承担
live up to 不辜负
put forward 提出
put up with 忍受
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及;查阅;指的是
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起;用车接(某人);接收;偶然习得
考法一　介词的搭配
高考注重对介词固定搭配和介词短语的考查。介词与名词、动词与介词形成的搭配是高考的难点。如:at first(起初);as a result of(由于);at work(在工作);by mistake(错误地);beyond recognition(无法辨认);for sale(待售);in a hurry(匆忙地);on purpose(故意地);out of sight(看不见);with pleasure(愉快地);in favor of(支持);get rid of(除去);make use of(利用)等。
考法二　单一介词的用法
高考英语常设置特定语境,考查常见介词的常见含义及用法,这些介词常表示时间、方式、方位等,还会考查常见介词的不常见用法。
(1)常见介词的常见用法有:against违背;反对;beyond(范围、限度)超出;为……所不能及;by被……;程度或增减的幅度;按……计;on在……时候;for因为;就……而言,从……来看;in在……里面;在……方面;在……期间;with随着;without没有等。
(2)常见介词的不常见用法有:but除……以外;off离,距;over在……期间;从……的开头到结束;through经历(某段时间);by凭借;in从事某种职业;against倚靠;with用等。
层级一　模拟达标练
1.It is likely that the Neanderthal gene is not so strong in many people.(2025·湖北汉阳高三二模)
2.Dehua white porcelain is famous for its (it) pure white color.(2025·怀化高三二模)
3.A walk to Sunlight Rock on the island offers a view of the entire city of Xiamen.(2025·汕头高三二模)
4.Visitors can also enjoy folk arts and Chinese music performances during their (they) lantern-viewing tours.(2025·通化高三二模)
5.It’s up to us to use it wisely and make the most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.(2025·揭阳高三二模)
6.During the nine-day event,the China Cultural Center in Paris will join hands with Weifang City in Shandong Province—known as the “kite capital of the world”,to showcase the most authentic Chinese kite art and cultural experience to the audience.(2025·株洲高三三模)
7.To their surprise,Wang achieved an impressive result—the fourth place.(2025·南京高三二模)
8.The history of Chinese furniture is even longer than that of its writing,which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago.(2025·苏锡常镇四市高三二模)
9.A special quarantine (隔离) area has been set up for Fubao at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding,where it can adjust to its new surroundings.(2025·泉州高三三模)
10.The dragon’s ability to bring rain was seen as crucial for agriculture,which made it a positive symbol for the fertility of the land.(2025·江门高三二模)
层级二　高考真题练
1.Who knows,perhaps some of the more forward-looking ones (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.(2024·浙江1月卷)
2.One day,I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books.I thought to myself,“Why would he carry all his books ”(2024·北京卷)
3.Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
4.Then,when you use one section,the other stays fresh.(2024·浙江1月卷)
5.This area,with its (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.(2024·全国甲卷)
6.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
7.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
8.There,you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
9.The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
10.In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace,and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.(2023·浙江1月卷)
层级三　语篇提能练
The“Twenty-four Solar Terms” is the Chinese traditional way of dividing and marking time.It shows 1.　　　　　　 relationship between the universe,seasons,climate and agriculture,which is uniquely created 2.　　　　　　 Chinese ancestors.The Twenty-four Solar Terms are important instructions for the agricultural production as well as people’s daily lives.3.　　　　　　 the initial stage of agricultural development,people began to explore rules of nature and used 4.　　　　　　 (they) to guide sowing,harvesting and other agricultural activities.Until now,it has become 5.　　　　　　　 essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China.And 6.　　　　　　 (it) charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public.
答案　1.the　[考查冠词。此处特指宇宙、季节、气候和农业之间的关系,应用定冠词the。]
2.by　[考查介词。句意:它展示了宇宙、季节、气候和农业之间的关系,这是中国祖先独特的创造。此句为被动语态,介词by的宾语是动作的执行者。]
3.At　[考查介词。句意:在农业发展的初始阶段,人们开始探索自然规律,并以此来指导播种、收获等农业活动。stage在本句中意为“阶段”,其前应用介词at。at the initial stage of “在……的初级阶段”。]
4.them　[考查代词。设空处在句中作used的宾语,指代rules of nature,故填人称代词宾格them。]
5.an　[考查冠词。句意:到目前为止,它已经成为指导中国农业生产的重要工具。此处泛指“一个必要的工具”,应用不定冠词,essential是发音以元音音素开头的单词,故填an。]
6.its　[考查代词。设空处在句中作定语,修饰名词charm and value,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。]第三讲　冠词、代词和介词
第一节　冠词　
考点一　不定冠词
1.表示“一”的概念。
(1)表示类指,或指某类中的任何一个。
He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(北师大选一U2)
他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。
(2)表示泛指,说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture.(北师大选一U2)
现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。
(3)表示量指,不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。
Sixteen years ago,Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars.(北师大选一U2)
十六年前,詹森是一名大学教授,拥有一套六居室的大房子和两百万美元的巨款。
(4)表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain。
A Mr Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。
(5)“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一,再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常,很……”。
First impression is the most lasting.After all,you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
第一印象最持久。毕竟,你绝不可能再有一次机会留下第一印象。
2.用于某些具体化的抽象名词前,常考的具体化的抽象名词有:success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、danger、comfort、honour等。
The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see.(译林选三U2)
嫦娥三号的着陆证明是成功的,它为未来的探索奠定了基础,这是显而易见的。
考点二　定冠词
1.特指某人或某事或上文已经提到过的人或事物。
She gave up sport and joined Vogue as an assistant editor,but was crushed.After 15 years at the magazine,she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.(北师大选一U2)
她放弃了体育运动,进入Vogue杂志担任助理编辑,却遭到了打击。在杂志社工作了15年后,她被破格提拔为主编。
2.用在含有普通名词的专有名词前,或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。
Mr Smith is a teacher from the United States.
史密斯先生是一位来自美国的老师。
3.用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前,后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
In the 1990s,he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River when a ship was wrecked.
二十世纪九十年代,他和妻子沿着长江旅行时,一艘船失事了。
4.用于形容词或副词的最高级前。
However,it was,in his view,“the best thing that could have ever happened to me.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again,less sure about everything.It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life.”(北师大选一U2)
然而,在他看来,这是“发生在我身上最好的事情。成功的沉重感被重新成为初学者的轻松感所取代,对一切都不那么确定了。这件事解放了我,让我进入了人生中最具创造力的时期。”
5.用在序数词及only、very、same等之前;“the+形容词”表示一类人;the+名词+定语从句/非谓语作定语;the+定语+名词。
He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.“Our country is in urgent need of talented people,” he said.“If we spend more time and pay more attention to the young,masters and even Nobel prize winners may rise among them.”(北师大选一U2)
他对下一代的人充满信心。他说:“我们的国家急需人才。如果我们花更多的时间,更多地关注年轻人,大师甚至诺贝尔奖获得者都有可能在他们中崛起。”
考点三　冠词在短语中的习惯用法
1.不定冠词在短语中的习惯用法
have a look　　　　　　 看一下
take a bath/walk/rest 洗澡/散步/休息
as a matter of fact 事实上
all of a sudden 突然
in a hurry 匆忙地
do sb a favo(u)r 帮某人一个忙
keep an eye on 留心
2.定冠词在短语中的习惯用法
on the whole 总体上
to tell the truth 说实话
on the contrary 相反
in the end 最后
in the charge of 由……负责
考点四　零冠词
1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。
Dr Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to further study at Oxford or Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞博士告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津大学或剑桥大学深造。”
3.表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。
1.注意泛指还是特指
如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
【典例】　But even if the general path ahead is widely agreed on,　　　　 speed of the change is far from clear.
答案　the　[句意:但是,即使人们对未来的总体道路达成了广泛共识,变化的速度也远不清楚。此处为特指“变化的速度”,应用定冠词。]
2.注意不定冠词a/an的区别
看到发音以辅音音素开头的单数名词要想到用不定冠词a;看到发音以元音音素开头的单数名词要想到用不定冠词an。但要注意拼写以元音字母开头,发音却以辅音音素开头的单词前要用a(如a university、a unit、a unique talent 等);拼写以辅音字母开头,发音却以元音音素开头的单词前要用an(如an hour、an honest man、an honor等)。
【典例】　Many of us are turning to activities like skipping with 　　　　old rope,or watching one of the many “fitness experts” who produce exercise videos online.
答案　an　[此处是指“一根旧绳”,是泛指,所以应用不定冠词。old的开头发音为元音,应用不定冠词an。]

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