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第二讲　分析长难句　
　　一、揭开长难句的真面目
在高考试题中,英语句子常以长难句的形式出现。英语中长难句的特点往往是结构复杂,逻辑层次多,通常是在主干成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而使句子变长。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语)或从句等。
二、破解长难句的四种技巧
方法1　据谓语,找主语
一般情况下,我们可以根据谓语动词来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词,则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
【典例】　Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
[分析]　本句中只有一个谓语are troubled,故句子主语为office workers;可进一步判断spent为过去分词形式,故Much time spent sitting at a desk为独立主格结构作状语。
方法2　去枝叶,提主干
一般情况下,一个主从复合句的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句等所表达的信息为次要信息。故复杂的复合句可以先去掉从句,则剩下的为主句,这样才能提取句子的主要信息。
【典例】　Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　around the greenhouse为Garden的定语;influenced by the ancient Silk Road为定语,修饰journey;by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。故句子主干为:The Silk Route Garden walks visitors through a journey。
方法3　寻关联,辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句,而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词,弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义,长句也就容易理解了。要掌握此方法我们必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。
【典例】　Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future,and this is where AI by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
[分析]　本句是主从复合句。Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives为条件状语从句;and连接并列句;where引导表语从句。
方法4　看搭配,防分隔
分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现,它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。大体分为两类: 其他成分插入和正常句子成分顺序调整。
【典例】　These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.(2021·全国乙卷)
[分析]　本句主干为safety regulations tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower,主语为safety regulations,谓语为tend,主谓被两个破折号之间的内容隔开。
[点拨]　在理解此类句子时,要先理解插入语以外的句子内容,再理解插入语,即“先读两端,再读中间”。多数插入语都位于双逗号或双破折号之间,和句子其他部分显性地隔离开来。难点在于,插入语部分可能会嵌套其他特殊结构,或者有多层修饰成分,从而增加理解难度。
即时训练　分析下列长难句并翻译
①In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
[分析]　本句为并列句。在第一个分句中that引导定语从句;第二个分句中translating the heady into the understandable为动词-ing形式短语作定语。
[翻译]　如果被不那么称职的人来写,这本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂难懂,但幸运的是,坎贝尔拥有超过二十多年的专业经验,能够将深奥的内容翻译成易于理解的语言。
②The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　本句为主从复合句。The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design为主句;to house...at the end of a path为动词不定式短语作目的状语;retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰path;that/which brought...in England为定语从句,修饰the Silk Route。
[翻译]　这个玻璃温室是当代设计的一个伟大成就,它把来自中国西南地区的植物安置在一条小径的尽头,这条小径追溯了丝绸之路的足迹,这些植物从亚洲的本土栖息地来到英国,并定义了英国园艺的丰富性。
③We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats,but by our computers,phones,and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(2024·浙江1月卷)
[分析]　本句中but by our computers,phones,and tablets为省略句;all the devices为同位语;两个that引导定语从句,都修饰devices。
[翻译]　我们并不是被甜食所诱惑,而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有这些设备将我们与各种类型信息的全球传递系统连接起来,这些设备对于我们就像棉花糖对于学龄前儿童。
④That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don’t usually like.(2024·全国甲卷)
[分析]　本句中why引导表语从句;if引导宾语从句;which引导定语从句。
[翻译]　这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否在其他猫身边,而它们通常不喜欢这些猫。
⑤He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters,endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.(2024·全国甲卷)
[分析]　本句中I think about...为宾语从句;三个that引导定语从句;even if引导让步状语从句。
[翻译]　他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别,即使这些结局没有传统上积极的结果,也能满足故事的结局。
⑥That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.(2024·全国甲卷)
[分析]　本句中why引导表语从句;whatever引导宾语从句。
[翻译]　这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最佳结局的方法。
⑦The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
[分析]　本句中including...为介词短语,其中what和why引导宾语从句;how to adopt this philosophy作teach的宾语,if引导条件状语从句,it’s right for you为宾语从句。
[翻译]　这本书的目的是为数字极简主义做一个案例,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么它有效,然后,如果你认为它适合你,就教你如何运用这种哲学。
⑧Naming each nature experience creates a usable language,which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
[分析]　本句是主从复合句。动词-ing形式作主语;which引导非限制性定语从句;that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词activities。
[翻译]　命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言,这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。第二讲　特殊句式　
考点一　省略
1.状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式,且主语和主句的主语一致或其主语是it时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
I felt worried when watching the documentary.(译林必三U1)
看纪录片的时候我很担心。
You can find Joe and sign up if willing to help.(译林选三U1)
如果你愿意帮忙,你可以找到乔并报名。
While discussing in a group,make eye contact with others to make sure that they can understand and are interested.(译林选三U1)
在小组讨论时,与他人进行眼神交流,以确保他们能理解并感兴趣。
[点拨]　在英语中,有些固定结构通常看作习惯上的省略结构。
if ever　　　　　 如果曾经;如果将来某个时候
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
if anything 如果有什么的话
if so 如果这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要
if not 如果不这样的话
2.不定式的省略
在一定的上下文中为了避免重复,可以省略不定式和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to,否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(作助动词用),通常保留be或have。
The emperor cannot break his promise,although he would like to.(译林选三U1)
皇帝不能违背他的诺言,尽管他想这么做。
考点二　倒装
1.完全倒装
完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部放在主语的前面。
(1)now、then、here、there、out、in、up、down、away、off等表示时间、地点(方位)的副词位于句首,且句子的主语为名词,其谓语动词为go、leave、come、run等不及物动词或be动词时,句子需要完全倒装。
There stood Sarah,the quiet girl who sat next to me in music class.
站在那里的是萨拉,在音乐课上坐在我旁边的安静女孩。
Oh look,here comes my boy.How are you,son (外研必一U3)
呦,看,我儿子来了。最近怎么样啊,儿子
[点拨]　当以上副词位于句首时,若句子的主语为名词,则句子要完全倒装;若句子的主语是人称代词,则不能倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
(2)表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首,且主语为名词,谓语一般为 be 动词、stand、lie、sit 等时,句子需要完全倒装。
In her palms was the reward her parents had given her for getting top marks.
她手心里握着的是父母给她的考了满分的奖励。
(3)为了强调句子的表语或保持句子平衡,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语或such 置于句首时,且主语为名词,句子需要完全倒装。
Present at the meeting are the freshmen.
出席会议的是大一新生。
2.部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分(系动词be、助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前,而把谓语的其他部分仍留在主语之后。
(1)“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。
Only recently have I become aware of the importance of taking exercise.
直到最近我才意识到锻炼的重要性。
Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(人教必二U1)
我们只有学会与自然和谐共处,才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的地球。
(2)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...、not only...but also...、not until、nowhere、neither...nor...等。
Not until the next day did I find out that he was the uncle of my student.
直到第二天我才知道他是我学生的叔叔。
Not only was he extremely productive—it is said that he created an average of 500 paintings a year—but he was also able to master a variety of painting styles,ranging from detailed portraits to expressive landscapes.(北师大必三U7)
他不仅工作效率极高——据说他平均每年创作500幅画——而且他还能够掌握各种绘画风格,从精细的肖像画到富有表现力的风景画。
(3)so/such...that...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。
So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.
这场排球比赛意义重大,每个人都应该提前到达我们学校的体育馆。
(4)as引导让步状语从句时,必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面(though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装,although引导让步状语从句不倒装)。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式:
·形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。
·名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。
·实义动词+as+主语+情态动词/助动词[如果没有助动词,则要加上一个do(does或did)]。
Cold as the rain was,great warmth filled his heart like never before.
尽管雨下得很冷,但他心中却充满了前所未有的温暖。
Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.
尽管我很佩服他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子,但他知道很多。
Try as/though he might,he couldn’t solve the problem.
虽然他很努力,但他还是没能解决这个难题。
(5)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
I’m so excited at the news and so are my friends Mary and Tom.
我对这个消息感到兴奋,我的朋友玛丽和汤姆也是。
考点三　强调句型
1.强调句型的结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。在理解强调句型时,考生要注意以下五点:
(1)判断所强调的成分是人还是物:
·强调“人”且作主语时,引导词常用that或who。
·强调“人”且作宾语时,引导词常用that。
·强调“物”时,引导词用that。
·即强调“人”又强调“物”时,引导词用that。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
It was John that I met at the party last night.
我昨晚在派对上见到的就是约翰。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分
(4)含not...until...的强调句型:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
(5)在强调句型中,把句子中的“It is/was...that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立。
It was not until Caroline Unger,one of the singers,took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.(北师大必三U7)
直到其中的一位歌手卡罗琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众,这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。
I don’t find it easy to learn languages,and it is only by studying very hard that I can improve my English.(北师大选二U6)
我发现学习语言并不容易,而且只有通过非常努力地学习,我才能提高我的英语。
2.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”形式。该结构只用于肯定句,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
Reading e-books regularly does do harm to readers’ sight and health.
经常读电子书确实对读者的视力和健康有害。
I don’t take much exercise now,but I did like playing football when I was in junior school.
我现在很少锻炼,但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。
考点四　感叹句
(1)What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! (2)What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!
(1)How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! (2)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! (3)How+主语+谓语!
What a thrilling vacation,like never before,we had!
我们度过了一个从未有过的令人兴奋的假期!
How considerate and concerned he was to his patients!
他对病人是多么体贴和关心啊!
考点五　祈使句
祈使句常用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略),有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。祈使句的否定式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。其强调形式可以在谓语动词前面加do。
祈使句的4种形式:
(1)动词原形(+宾语+其他成分)。
(2)Be+表语,如Be honest。
(3)Let’s/Let us do/not do sth.
(4)祈使句+and/or+简单句(谓语用一般将来时)。
Don’t forget to lock the door.
别忘了锁门。
Hurry up or we’ll be late for the movie.
快点,否则我们看电影要迟到了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The lamp has a diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 16.7 cm when closed(close).(2025·邵阳高三二模)
2.It is the problems they need to solve and the dreams they desire to achieve that get them out of bed.(2025·广州高三三模)
3.Next to the artwork are (be) two Su embroidery (苏绣) works coping with abstract photos taken by US photographer Michael Yamashita.(2025·淮北高三二模)
4.TCM has been recognized for the potential benefits,particularly when used (use) alongside with modern medicine.(2025·焦作高三三模)
5.Not only are(be) these dragons decorations,but they also carry the essence of Chinese.(2025·安庆高三三模)
6.While self-driving cars run back and forth through the district,giving off a future science fiction atmosphere,just 40 kilometers away lies (lie) Songji ancient town.(2025·山西名校联考高三二模)
7.But this time, it was highland barley flour from Xizang that helped Lin and Feng beat their peers.(2025·亳州高三三模)
8.The philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today,even if not recognized (recognize) by name.(2025·娄底高三二模)
9.Dressed in colorful costumes,performers wave wooden sticks in their hands while dancing(dance) in orderly formations to the music.(2025·新乡高三三模)
10.In the Forbidden City,the dragons,whether flying(fly) in the sky,leaping between beams (房梁),or hidden in the details,all tell ancient stories.(2025·青岛高三二模)
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.It is these small gestures that remind us of the beauty and goodness within all of us.(强调句型)
正是这些小小的举动提醒我们,我们每个人内心都有美好和善良。
2.Never before in my life had I been so overwhelmed with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless.(倒装)
在我的一生中,我从来没有被这样的委屈和无助所压倒,我一动不动地站在那里。
3.So excited was Ben that his arms trembled slightly.(倒装)
本兴奋得手臂微微颤抖。
4.Not only does it enrich our school life but it also motivates our passion to learn English well.(倒装)
它不仅丰富了我们的学校生活,也激发了我们学好英语的热情。
5.Panicked as/though I was,I attempted to collect my thoughts,trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible.(倒装)
尽管我很惊慌,但我还是努力整理思绪,试图用尽可能简洁的方式解释当时的情况。
6.While calming me by patting my shoulder,the man reached over to grab the torch on the shoe cabinet near the door.(省略)
他一边拍着我的肩膀让我平静下来,一边伸手去拿门附近鞋柜上的手电筒。
Ⅲ.语篇提能练
You have probably dreamed about 1.　　　　　　 you would change the world,only to find 2.　　　　　　 it seems impossible.However,you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps.That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge,3.　　　　　 is a public service campaign co-initiated by social media.It asks people to do something positive and then record the changes before and after.4.　　　　　　 it first appeared on media on Sept.2nd,the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants.5. 　　　　　　these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives,they are well received by many viewers.
答案　1.how　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　 you would change the world”是介词about的宾语,根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。]
2.that　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　 it seems impossible”是find的宾语,从句在结构和句意上均完整,故用that引导宾语从句。]
3.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the BA Challenge,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。]
4.Since　[考查状语从句。该主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,根据时间先后可知,“BA挑战首次出现在媒体上”是发生在“吸引了数百万观众和参与者”之前的动作,故此处用since引导时间状语从句,表“自从”。]
5.Though/Although/While　[考查状语从句。根据设空后的“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和“他们受到很多观众的欢迎”是让步关系,应用Though/Although/While“尽管”引导让步状语从句。]
层级一　模拟达标练
1.But,contrary to their expectations,Lin Zexu stuck to his duty,declaring,“I will not return to Beijing until/unless opium (鸦片) is destroyed.”(2025·东北三省三校高三三模)
2.Lin Zexu is also considered as a great hero,who fought against opium (鸦片) when seriously alarmed at the negative effect that the highly addictive drug was having on China.(2025·东北三省三校高三三模)
3.Looking back,Gates says what changed her life was the decision to visit Asia when she was young.(2025·南平高三三模)
4.When mending the broken cover of a teacup,Nie could have just added a couple of metal staples (订书钉) to reconnect the broken parts,but/yet he decided to create a bamboo pattern on it.(2025·三明高三三模)
5.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene where individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship.(2025·佛山高三二模)
6.The Chinese dragon in folktale is now commonly seen in creative products such as tear-off calendars,dolls,dragon-themed jewelry as well as the “dragon blind boxes” which/that appeal to young consumers.(2025·江门高三二模)
7.It means a lot to us to be able to create environments where children can experience the fun and joy of sport.(2025·邯郸高三二模)
8.On the youth lifestyle social media platform,a young woman using the account name @hua posted pictures of herself wearing a T-shirt,in which she showed her bruises and described them as “cool”.(2025·衡水部分示范性高中高三三模)
9.“It’s said that there are 108 steps in the process of producing cloisonne goods,” says Zhang Yongzhen,the factory’s director,who has practiced the craft for four decades.(2025·张家口高三三模)
10.Thinking of the first 3 digits (数位) of pi(3.14),you can quickly work out why March 14 was chosen as the date for Pi Day.(2025·郑州高三三模)
层级二　高考真题练
1.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
2.Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money.(2024·浙江1月卷)
3.Tinniswood,who doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.(2024·北京卷)
4.If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that’s what they’ll promote.(2024·浙江1月卷)
5.On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.(2024·全国甲卷)
6.To eat a xiao long bao,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头).(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
7.Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
8.As cities balloon with growth,access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
9.She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes,just as the directions said.(2023·全国乙卷)
10.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
层级三　语篇提能练
(2025·连云港高三调研)
Shennongjia was so named because it is said to be the place 1.　　　　　　 the mythical Emperor Yan (Shennong) once lived.In the remote mountains and forests,Shennong tasted 2.　　　　　　 (vary) herbs to figure out how to use them to cure sickness.
Some tourists hope to encounter the legendary yeren (wild man).They may not see any such creature,3.　　　　　　 they are attracted by the rich biodiversity and karst land forms (喀斯特地貌).
These days 4.　　　　　　 is the plants and animals that are its biggest 5.　　　　 (attract).Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring,6.　　　　　　 (shade) from the summer heat,appreciate red leaves in autumn and go skiing in winter.7.　　　　　　 adds to the amazement may be the occasional sight of golden snub-nosed monkeys and constant sounds of birds 8.　　　　　　 (sing).
The natural beauty of karst land forms is common.There are waterfalls,pools and a 56-feet-high arch 9.　　　　　　 (create) by nature after centuries of rain erosion (侵蚀).Trips in such a mountainous region depend very much on the weather.An early rise on a misty morning may be rewarded 10.　　　　 a stunning view of a sea of clouds beneath.
答案　1.where　[考查定语从句。句意:神农架之所以得名,是因为据说它是神话中的炎帝(神农)曾经居住的地方。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是the place,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。]
2.various　[考查词性转换。句意:在深山老林中,神农品尝了各种草药,想知道如何用它们治病。此处用形容词various作定语,修饰名词herbs。]
3.but　[考查并列连词。句意:他们可能看不到任何这样的生物,但他们被丰富的生物多样性和喀斯特地貌所吸引。前后句是转折关系,用表转折的并列连词but (但是)。]
4.it　[考查强调句型。句意:如今,植物和动物是它最大的吸引力。去掉设空处和is以及that句子依然完整,因此此处考查强调句型:it is+强调部分+that+其他。]
5.attractions　[考查词性转换和名词的数。句意同上题。结合the plants and animals可知,用可数名词attraction (有吸引力的事)的复数形式。]
6.be shaded　[考查语态。句意:游客可以在春天赏花,在夏天避暑,在秋天欣赏红叶,在冬天滑雪。该空是谓语动词,情态动词can后用动词原形,主语Tourists和谓语动词shade是被动关系,用情态动词的被动语态(can be done)。]
7.What　[考查名词性从句。句意:更令人惊讶的是,偶尔会看到金丝猴和听到不断的鸟鸣声。该空引导主语从句,从句中缺乏主语,意为“……的事物”,用连接代词what,首字母大写。]
8.singing　[考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析可知,此处用动词-ing形式复合结构birds singing作介词of的宾语,sounds of birds singing“鸟鸣叫的声音”。]
9.created　[考查非谓语动词。句意:这里有瀑布、水池和一座56英尺高的拱门,这座拱门是经过几个世纪的雨水侵蚀后自然形成的。分析句子可知,该空作非谓语动词,create和逻辑主语a 56-feet-high arch是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作后置定语。]
10.with　[考查介词。句意:在一个薄雾蒙蒙的早晨早起,可以欣赏到下面云海的壮丽景色。be rewarded with (得到……的奖赏)。]

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