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第三节　情态动词和虚拟语气　
考点一　情态动词
1.情态动词的类型
2.情态动词的基本用法
3.情态动词的特殊用法
(1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。
(2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。
(3)must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。
(4)may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。
(5)would可表示过去的习惯,与used to相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
(6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。
考点二　虚拟语气
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
类型 从句中谓语动词形式 主句中谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 should/were to+动词原形;动词的过去式 should/would/could/might+动词原形
I am sorry I am very busy right now.If I had time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉我现在很忙。如果有时间,我肯定陪你去看电影了。
If we hadn’t made adequate preparations,the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.如果我们不做充分的准备,会议是不会开得这么成功的。
If it rained tomorrow,we would cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨,我们会取消野餐。
2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在“It is+important/necessary/natural/strange/
essential/vital/a pity+that...”句型中,从句的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
It’s vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.
重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
(2)句中含有以下单词或其变形时,该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
I recommend that everyone (should) buy (buy) this dictionary.
我建议每人都买这本词典。
The demand is that manuscripts (should) be written (write) on one side only.
按照要求,手稿单面誊写。
3.3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had+过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had+过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+动词原形
It is (high) time (that)... 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略)
If only I had seen (see) the film.
要是我看过那部电影就好了。
It is high time that we started/should start (start) out.我们该出发了。
He talks about pyramids as though he had seen (see) them himself.
他谈起金字塔来,就好像亲眼见过似的。
含蓄虚拟条件句
1.有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用but for、without等介词(短语)来表示。
Without your help,I would have failed the exam last week.
没有你的帮助,我上周的考试就失败了。
2.用连词otherwise、or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
I’m really very busy,otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。
Ⅰ.用情态动词或括号内动词的适当形式填空
1.Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally.(2025·八省联考)
2.The Asian Winter Games should be used (use) as a link to promote cooperation and common development among Asian countries.(2025·山东实验中学高三三模)
3.They introduced “multi-level villas” where animals belonging to the same ecological zone but not occupying the base of the food chain can be housed (house) together,based on their ecological and geographical distribution.(2025·济宁高三二模)
4.She did not know what pursuing dance would bring her,but only took on the challenge with her full passion and love for dance.
5.Maybe later they don’t want it and may never come back to the shop.
6.The income would be shared(share) between the platform,Wang and the question raiser.
7.Typically,the seals are carved into stone,but they can also be made (make) of wood,bamboo,or bone.
8.But he added that even minor genetic changes may/might have serious consequences.
9.He also took many other measures,hoping that such attempts would stop destroying the environment.
10.If I hadn’t taken your advice,I would not manage(not manage)to carry out the project now.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with,we mustn’t give up our hope.
正是这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难,我们都不能放弃我们的希望。
2.Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey,a pleasant smile would spread over Mom’s face.
每次我们提到旅途中的趣事时,妈妈的脸上都会露出愉快的笑容。
3.Through all these unexpected things,it eventually dawned on her that honesty has no class and she should respect everyone regardless of their financial and social status.
通过这些意想不到的事情,她终于明白了诚实是没有等级的,她应该尊重每个人,不管他们的经济状况和社会地位如何。
4.I demand either a new pair of black size 9 shoes be sent to me immediately or I should be given a full refund.
我要求要么立即给我寄送一双新的黑色9号鞋,要么给我全额退款。
5.Without your selfless devotion,we couldn’t have made such great progress.
没有您无私的奉献,我们不可能取得这么大的进步。
Ⅲ.语篇提能练
Rain or shine,Tom is always the first to arrive at the office.His home 1.must be very near the office,or he 2.can’t be always in time for work.How I wish that I 3.lived (live)close to work,so that I 4.need not get up so early every day.Yesterday,for example,I 5.would have arrived (arrive)in time for work as usual if I hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam.The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I 6.should arrive at work early enough later on,saying that should I be caught being late again,he 7.would punish (punish)me.
I 8.must stop doing everything and go to bed now.Anyhow,it’s time that I 9.went/should go(go)to sleep,and I hope I 10.can arrive at work on time tomorrow.It will be bad to be caught arriving late again.
层级一　模拟达标练
1.Combining pieces of wood together,using (use) nothing more than the wood itself,is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China.(2025·苏锡常镇四市高三二模)
2.On a four-day trip to Dunhuang in late April,Santoso,together with other foreign students,mostly from nations along the Silk Road,was (be ) on a cultural journey to explore the desert landscape.(2025·湖北部分学校高三三模)
3.Over the years,the architect has helped (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu.(2025·湖北七市州教科研协作体高三二模)
4.The bronze (青铜) exhibits from the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties displayed (display) inside the NMC’s Ancient China exhibition hall often lead visitors to be impressed (impress) by ancient Chinese civilization.(2025·苏锡常镇四市高三二模)
5.Nowadays,the Chinese painting has become increasingly attractive across the world,enjoying (enjoy) great popularity at home and abroad.(2025·泰州高三二模)
6.The young man said he was taught (teach) a little bit about the Silk Road in his middle school history class.(2025·湖北部分学校高三三模)
7.Dehua white porcelain has sold (sell) like hotcakes at home and abroad since the Song Dynasty (960-1279).(2025·怀化高三三模)
8.However,the series never intends to pursue (pursue) a faithful recreation of the Tang Dynasty.(2025·大连高三二模)
9.While wandering around a Swedish Christmas market,you’ll likely come across booths selling (sell) carved wooden horses.(2025·辽宁高三三模)
10.Traditional Beijing instant boiled mutton has no mouthwatering hotpot soup base,just plain water with some scallion and ginger (葱和姜) slices added (add).(2025·山东部分学校高三4月联合调考)
层级二　高考真题练
1.Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died(die) in 1616.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started(start) selling chicken or salad.(2024·浙江1月卷)
4.These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
5.Visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find(find) the connection between the two great writers.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
6.What should be done (do) with such a beautiful place (2024·全国甲卷)
7.Just then,some kids ran at him,knocking (knock) his books out of his arms.(2024·北京卷)
8.A statue commemorating(commemorate) Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
9.The garden also contains a winding path that guides(guide) visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
10.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.(2024·全国甲卷)
层级三　语篇提能练
1.　　　　　　 (locate) in the northwest of Hunan Province,Zhangjiajie,2.　　　　　　
(cover) a total area of 9,563 square kilometers,is a tourist city for its unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources.Zhangjiajie 3.　　　　　　 (award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2004.
Actually,Zhangjiajie,4.　　　　　　 (honor) as “the most fantastic mountain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”,is also widely praised as “an enlarged potted landscaping”“a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宫) of nature”,5.　　　　　　
(attract) a growing number of tourists at home and abroad.
Since it was discovered in the 1980s,tourism industry 6.　　　　　　 (become) the leading industry in Zhangjiajie,which has stimulated the development of other industries 7.　　　　　　 (relate) to tourism.At the same time,eco-tourism 8.　　　　　　　　 (develop) rapidly in Zhangjiajie.When you come to Zhangjiajie,you can fully appreciate its magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist activities,and you 9.　　　　　　 (impress) by what is performed by the minorities there.
It 10.　　　　　　 be an exciting,joyful and unforgettable tour to Zhangjiajie.
答案　1.Located　[考查非谓语动词。分析可知,此处为非谓语作状语,locate与其逻辑主语Zhangjiajie为动宾关系,故用过去分词。]
2.covering　[考查非谓语动词。分析可知,此处为分词作定语,cover与其所修饰的词Zhangjiajie为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。]
3.was awarded　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in 2004,可知应用一般过去时,award与主语Zhangjiajie为动宾关系。又因主语是第三人称单数,故填was awarded。]
4.honored　[考查非谓语动词。分析可知,此处为分词作定语。honor与其所修饰的词Zhangjiajie为动宾关系。故填过去分词honored。]
5.attracting　[考查非谓语动词。分析可知,此处为分词作结果状语。句意:事实上,被誉为“天下最奇山”“行走的中国山水画”的张家界,也被誉为“放大的盆景”“迷你仙境”“大自然的迷宫”,吸引着越来越多的国内外游客。attract与其逻辑主语Zhangjiajie之间是主谓关系,此处应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。]
6.has become　[考查时态和主谓一致。本句含有since引导的时间状语从句,主句中应用现在完成时,主语tourism industry为单数,与become为主谓关系。故填has become。]
7.related　[考查非谓语动词。分析可知,此处为分词作定语。relate与其所修饰的词industries之间为动宾关系。故用过去分词related。]
8.has been developed　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据At the same time,可知,此句与上句并列。故应用现在完成时,develop与其主语eco-tourism为动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语是第三人称单数,故填has been developed。]
9.will be impressed　[考查时态语态。句意:当你来到张家界,你可以充分欣赏它壮丽的自然风光,体验迷人的民俗和其他惊险的旅游活动,你会对那里的少数民族表演留下深刻的印象。根据句意可知动作发生在将来,再根据by可知,应用被动语态,故填will be impressed。]
10.must　[考查情态动词。句意:去张家界一定是一次激动人心、快乐而难忘的旅行。故此处应用情态动词must。]

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