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Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Activity 1. : Perceptual learning:
Find out the restrictive relative clauses in the text and try to find out the rule of them.
Para1
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
Para 2
one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Para 4
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The structure of relative clauses:
定语从句：对名词或代词进行修饰限定的从属简单句；结构________+_________+从句
the restrictive relative clauses限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整
Practice: Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. Translate the sentences into Chinese. Think about which noun is modified(修饰) by the relative clause.
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Activity 2: Studying the rules
关系代词(找出下列从句中先行词及关系词，并作出总结):
Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.
The pen (which) I’m using is pretty good.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a novelist.
The woman (whom) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
Who’s the boy that is reading a book
Can you show me the photo (that) you like best
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
The house whose windows are closed is mine.
Could you still remember the time when the train left
This is the factory where my father works
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
Practice one (找到句中先行词和关系词并分析关系词在句子中所作成分）：
Tangshan earthquake was one of the most catastrophic(惨重的) ones which caused great damage to the whole city.
The shocking news which the reporters received this morning made everyone earthbroken.
Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that the mother cannot forget.
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
As the earth began to shake, a few people that were awake were lucky to survive, but most were asleep and didn’t have time.
The rescue workers are the most lovely people that we will never forget.
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The mother to whom her daughter turned for help felt helpless in the face of the natural disaster.
Do you know the man whom we saw helping the survivors in the earthquake-stricken area.
The earthquake killed over 240,000 people whose homes were in ruins.
The buildings whose walls had cracks were no longer safe for people to live in.
Practice two combine the each pair of sentences by using whose:
① The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
__________________________________________________________
② We will visit the town. I have heard of its name.
__________________________________________________________
③ The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his company.
__________________________________________________________
④ Are there any rooms The windows of the rooms face the sea.
__________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Further Studying
Situation 1: 先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，只能用that，不能用which的情况:
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
2) He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
3) The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain.
4) He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
5) Who is the person that is standing at the gate
6) He is not the man that he used to be.
Summary :
不定代词 anything, nothing, much, __________,all, few, any, little为先行词时
先行词为 the only, the _______, the just或被这些词修饰时
先行词被_______、数词、形容词的最高级修饰时
先行词既有_____又有_________时
当主句是以who或which开始的____________时
关系代词在从句中作____________时
Situation 2: which和that同为关系代词，都可指物，这些情况只能用which:
1) These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.
2) Those days in which you could travel without a passport have gone.
Summary :
在非限定性定语从句中
关系代词前面出现_______时
Situation 3: 指代人时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that，这些情况用who而不用that:
1）Is he the one who wants to see you
2）God helps those who help themselves.
Activity 4: Consolidation(巩固)
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. Here are some of the people__________homes were destroyed.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people___________were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything_________
they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings____________had been damaged by the huricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _______ she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings
(2). Fill in the blanks with that, which, who, whose, or whom.
1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ____________ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter ___________________ rescued her from the fire.
3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind _______________ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.
4. The children ____________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.
5. A tsunami is a very large wave ___________________ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.
6. People to ___________ much is given are people of _______________ much will be expected.
(3). Use a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences .
1. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman 's family survived the earthquake. (whose)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The soldier will remember the rescue worker. The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake. (with whom)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks. The bricks covered the ground. (that/which)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people. (from whom)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. The people lost everything in the quake. We need to help them prepare for the coming winter. (who)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(plete the passage with that, which, who, whose, or prep+whom.
For people ___________ love the sun, summer is a time of fun. But for people ___________ families were destroyed by the super typhoon __________________ hit East China in July 2016, that summer was a time of great sadness. The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people, left 61 missing, and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people. The victims __________ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River. In the months _______________ passed since then, much has been done to make things better and help thousands of people ____________ homes were destroyed, although the sadness will never leave those ___________ summer now marks the death of a loved one.Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Activity 1. : Perceptual learning:
Find out the restrictive relative clauses in the text and try to find out the rule of them.
Para1
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
Para 2
one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Para 4
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The structure of relative clauses:
定语从句：对名词或代词进行修饰限定的从属简单句；结构_先行词__+_关系词__+从句
the restrictive relative clauses限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整
Practice: Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. Translate the sentences into Chinese. Think about which noun is modified(修饰) by the relative clause.
The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Activity 2: Studying the rules
关系代词(找出下列从句中的先行词及关系词，并作出总结):
Look at the kites which are flying in the sky.
The pen (which) I’m using is pretty good.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a novelist.
The woman (whom) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
Who’s the boy that is reading a book
Can you show me the photo (that) you like best
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
The house whose windows are closed is mine.
Could you still remember the time when the train left
This is the factory where my father works
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
Practice one (找到句中先行词和关系词并分析关系词在句子中所作成分）：
Tangshan earthquake was one of the most catastrophic(惨重的) ones which caused great damage to the whole city.
The shocking news which the reporters received this morning made everyone earthbroken.
Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that the mother cannot forget.
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
As the earth began to shake, a few people that were awake were lucky to survive, but most were asleep and didn’t have time.
The rescue workers are the most lovely people that we will never forget.
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The mother to whom her daughter turned for help felt helpless in the face of the natural disaster.
Do you know the man whom we saw helping the survivors in the earthquake-stricken area.
The earthquake killed over 240,000 people whose homes were in ruins.
The buildings whose walls had cracks were no longer safe for people to live in.
Practice two combine the each pair of sentences by using whose:
① The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt.
The boy whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.
② We will visit the town. I have heard of its name.
We will visit the town whose name I have heard of.
③ The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his company.
The boss whose company Mr King worked in had heard about the accident.
④ Are there any rooms The windows of the rooms face the sea.
Are there any rooms the windows of which face the sea
= Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea
Activity 3: Further Studying
Situation 1: 先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语时，只能用that，不能用which的情况:
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
2) He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
3) The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain.
4) He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.
5) Who is the person that is standing at the gate
6) He is not the man that he used to be.
Summary :
不定代词 anything, nothing, much, everything,all, few, any, little为先行词时
先行词为 the only, the very, the just或被这些词修饰时
先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时
关系代词在从句中作表语时
Situation 2: which和that同为关系代词，都可指物，这些情况只能用which:
1) These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.
2) Those days in which you could travel without a passport have gone.
Summary :
在非限定性定语从句中
关系代词前面出现介词时
Situation 3: 指代人时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that，这些情况用who而不用that:
1）Is he the one who wants to see you
2）God helps those who help themselves.
Activity 4: Consolidation(巩固)
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom,or"/". Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. Here are some of the people__________homes were destroyed.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people___________were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything_________
they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings____________had been damaged by the huricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _______ she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings
答案：
1.whose 2.who/that 3.that/ / 4.that/which 5. whose 6. whom 7. who
(2). Fill in the blanks with that, which, who, whose, or whom.
1. A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event ____________ usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
2. The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter ___________________ rescued her from the fire.
3. A typhoon is an extremely strong wind _______________ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.
4. The children ____________ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.
5. A tsunami is a very large wave ___________________ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.
6. People to ___________ much is given are people of _______________ much will be expected.
答案：
1.which/that 2.who/that 3.that/ which 4.whose 5.that/ which 6.whom whom
(3). Use a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences .
1. The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman 's family survived the earthquake. (whose)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The soldier will remember the rescue worker. The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake. (with whom)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks. The bricks covered the ground. (that/which)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people. (from whom)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. The people lost everything in the quake. We need to help them prepare for the coming winter. (who)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake .
The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked duirng the quake .
The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks that/which covered the ground .
My family will always be thankful for the people from whom we received aid .
We need to help the poeple who have lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.
(plete the passage with that, which, who, whose, or prep+whom.
For people ___________ love the sun, summer is a time of fun. But for people ___________ families were destroyed by the super typhoon __________________ hit East China in July 2016, that summer was a time of great sadness. The floods and landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people, left 61 missing, and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people. The victims __________ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River. In the months _______________ passed since then, much has been done to make things better and help thousands of people ____________ homes were destroyed, although the sadness will never leave those ___________ summer now marks the death of a loved one.
答案：
who whose that/ which to whom that/ which whose for whom

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