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必修第一册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert(转换) new information into long-term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximise learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function，scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test，all of the subjects watched nature documentaries，but two-thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later，all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test，and they were connected to MRI(磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity，indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research，the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
(　　)1.What did the new study aim to explore
A.When exercise is best for learning.
B.What biochemicals are good for health.
C.How brainwaves should be measured.
D.Which area of the brain is the most active.
(　　)2.What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A.Train on bicycles.
B.Do mathematics exercises.
C.Play computer games.
D.Watch films about nature.
(　　)3.Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A.To do a medical examination.
B.To have their memory tested.
C.To get their workouts recorded.
D.To finish their previous tasks.
(　　)4.What might the author’s marathon running prove
A.The findings of the study are reliable.
B.Long-distance runners are often smart.
C.Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being active is something that is so important for us all，especially for children. 1.________ However，some parents can feel shocked when they see that their children aren’t interested in sports. So how can you encourage them to have a go
It is such a good idea to lead by example when you are a parent. 2.________ So you need to be someone who is interested and active，if you want any hope of them doing so，too. If you lie on the couch all day，then they will just learn to do that，too.
3.________ Although they can choose who they want to support，seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey. You could look for a team uniform store to get them sports shirts with their names on for example，as well as see the team play at one of their games. 4._________
If something is dull，it will be hard for children to be enthusiastic about it. This will make them resent(憎恶) it，which is not a good thing. If they show particular skill and learn to play sports，then more practice and training can come in. 5.________ When they can enjoy what they do，they will only see it as something fun to do，rather than what we as adults might see it as，such as a chore to burn calories.
Whatever sport your children choose to play，encourage them and make it fun，and then it will be something that they will want to carry on doing as they go about the rest of their lives.
A.They won’t be interested in sports if you’re not.
B.Here are some other tips that you would share with them.
C.Share your enthusiasm and it will help to lighten a passion.
D.So think about ways that can get them to be active in sports.
E.How active a child is will impact their overall health and learning.
F.Apart from leading by example，you could also share your favourite team.
G.However，the main way to argue children into doing sports is to keep it fun.
Ⅲ.完形填空
From the age of eight，I attended a little boarding school on the Derbyshire-Staffordshire border. On Sunday afternoons，the 　1　 would leave us to wander the edge of the grounds where we were supposed to 　2　 time chatting or playing sports but my 　3　 was to climb over the fences and disappear into the landscape. Often，much to the teachers’ annoyance，no one knew where to 　4　 me.
That was the point. To walk to a(n) 　5　 place and，for a moment，feel the world as something new with a feeling I would desire. The habit 　6　 with me. By my mid-20s，I was a 　7　 walker. Walking became a way of life that，　8　，gave shape to a wandering decade and I would ease myself into new 　9　 by setting out on foot to get 　10　 and then find myself again in the backstreets of Ahmedabad，Ramallah or Bari.
Now I have established my home in the landscape of Devon. Here，walking 　11　 me and my dog Dharma as an essential daily practice. The world outside our front door is an　12　 the tiring，routine aspects of our lives. It’s a place where we watch the seasons change and 　13　 the movement of the sun and the light around the moon. We walk the same 　14　，day after day，but every minute of every hour can feel like 　15　.
(　　)1. A.rescuers　　　　 B.parents
C.teachers D.artists
(　　)2. A.record B.waste
C.save D.pass
(　　)3. A.job B.habit
C.ambition D.response
(　　)4. A.find B.catch
C.meet D.put
(　　)5. A.bare B.solid
C.illegal D.unfamiliar
(　　)6. A.conflicted B.changed
C.stuck D.started
(　　)7. A.tired B.gifted
C.committed D.complicated
(　　)8. A.in turn B.in fact
C.in particular D.in addition
(　　)9. A.apartments B.locations
C.opportunities D.challenges
(　　)10. A.involved B.engaged
C.paid D.lost
(　　)11. A.accepts B.serves
C.treats D.strikes
(　　)12. A.influence on B.escape from
C.interest in D.entry to
(　　)13. A.block B.control
C.adjust D.sense
(　　)14. A.direction B.speed
C.path D.campus
(　　)15. A.new B.free
C.real D.complete
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school. For the grown-ups，however，familiar schoolyards have already been replaced 1.________ public parks.
The morning scenes in parks around China are lively. At every corner of the park，you can also see people 2.________(practise) many kinds of sports： square dancing，badminton and so on.
But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called “Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies”，3.________ videos have gone viral on the Internet. Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only start working out after their 4.________(retire). They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.
The 5.________(benefit) of exercise are endless： a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a 6.________(happy) mood. No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise，they will always strengthen the body.
Social connection is also 7.________ the elderly seek during their morning workout. Feng，who is seventy-two years old，plays tai chi every day. He 8.________(keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing a social media group of 270 members who share 9.________ same hobby.
“What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome. Everyone in the park feels 10.________(include)，” said Feng.
必修第一册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域，以及最大限度地提高学习效果的最佳锻炼时间。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximise learning.(一项新的研究进一步证实了这一信息，并发现了可以最大限度地提高学习效果的最佳锻炼时间。)”可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After the test， all of the subjects watched nature documentaries(测试后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知，实验要求所有参与者在实验过程中观看关于自然的影片。故选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Two days later， all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test(两天后，所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B。
4.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实：在剧烈的运动期间或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐。)”可推断出，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了一些帮助孩子对运动感兴趣的方法。
1.E　根据上文“Being active is something that is so important for us all， especially for children.(活跃对我们所有人都非常重要，对孩子来说尤为重要。)”可知，空处与为什么活跃对孩子非常重要有关，因此E项“孩子的活跃程度将影响他们的整体健康和学习。”符合语境，active为关键信息。故选E。
2.A　根据本段的主题句“It is such a good idea to lead by example when you are a parent.(当你为人父母时，以身作则是个好主意。)”可知，空处与父母以身作则有关，因此A项“如果你不感兴趣，他们就不会对运动感兴趣。”与上文承接自然，符合语境。故选A。
3.F　根据下文中的关键信息“seeing your enthusiasm for a particular player or team can be just what is needed to start their journey(看到你对某个特定球员或球队的热情可能正是开启他们的旅程所需要的)”可知，这里建议家长跟孩子分享喜欢的球员或球队，因此F项“除了以身作则，你还可以与他们分享你喜欢的球队。”符合语境，该选项中的“Apart from leading by example”承接上文，且“share your favourite team”引出下文。故选F。
4.C　空处位于段尾，起到概括上文的作用。本段主要讲述如何利用自己对运动的热情带动孩子对运动感兴趣，综合所给选项可知，C项“分享你的热情，这将有助于点燃激情。”符合语境，总结与孩子分享对运动的热情的作用。故选C。
5.G　根据上文“If they show particular skill and learn to play sports， then more practice and training can come in.(如果他们表现出特殊的技能并且学习运动，那么就应多练习和训练。)”和下文“When they can enjoy what they do， they will only see it as something fun to do， rather than what we as adults might see it as， such as a chore to burn calories.(当他们能够享受自己所做的事情时，他们只会认为这是一件有趣的事情，而不是我们成年人可能认为的事情，比如燃烧卡路里的家务。)”可知，G项“然而，说服孩子们进行运动的主要方法是保持运动的乐趣。”符合语境，该选项中的“fun”与下文中的“enjoy”相对应。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【文本大意】本文主要介绍了作者是如何成为一个坚定的徒步旅行者，以及徒步是如何影响作者的生活的。
1.C　根据第4个空前的 “to the teachers’ annoyance”可知，周日下午，老师们会让作者他们在操场的边缘闲逛。A. rescuer救援者；B. parent父亲(或母亲)；
C. teacher老师；D. artist艺术家。故选C。
2.D　老师们会让学生在操场的边缘闲逛，是让他们在那里聊天或做运动消磨时间。A. record记录；B. waste浪费；C. save节约；D. pass打发，消磨。故选D。
3.B　但作者的习惯是爬过围栏，消失在风景中，第6个空前的habit为提示信息。A. job工作；B. habit习惯；C. ambition抱负；D. response回应。故选B。
4.A　根据上文中的“disappear into the landscape(消失在风景中)”可知， 通常让老师们很恼火的是，没有人知道在哪里可以找到作者。A. find找到；B. catch抓住；C. meet遇见；D. put放置。故选A。
5.D　走到一个不熟悉的地方，有那么一刻，感觉这个世界是全新的，带有一种作者渴望的感觉。A. bare光秃秃的；B. solid固体的；C. illegal非法的；
D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。故选D。
6.C　这个习惯一直伴随着作者。A. conflict冲突；B. change改变；C. stick 粘贴；D. start开始。stick with在此处意为“紧跟，不离开……”，符合语境。故选C。
7.C　在作者25岁左右的时候，他是一个坚定的徒步旅行者。A. tired疲倦的；B. gifted有天赋的；C. committed坚定的；D. complicated复杂的。故选C。
8.A　徒步成为一种生活方式，而这种生活方式反过来又塑造了作者四处漂泊的十年。A. in turn反过来；B. in fact实际上；C. in particular特别，尤其；D. in addition此外。故选A。
9.B　作者通过徒步出发，继而迷路，然后在艾哈迈达巴德、拉姆安拉或巴里的小巷找到自己，让自己熟悉新的地方。A. apartment公寓；B. location地点；
C. opportunity机会；D. challenge挑战。故选B。
10.D　根据空后的关键信息“find myself again”可知，此处选lost与find相对应，表示让自己迷路，然后找到自己。A. involved参与的；B. engaged 正从事的；C. paid付费的；D. lost迷路的。故选D。
11.B　在这里，散步成为作者和他的狗Dharma 的必不可少的日常惯例。
A. accept接受；B. serve可用作；C. treat对待；D. strike打；击。serve as意为“作为；用作”，符合语境。故选B。
12.B　前门外的世界是作者对生活中累人的例行公事的逃离。A. influence on对……的影响；B. escape from对……的逃离；C. interest in对……的兴趣；
D. entry to……的入口处。故选B。
13.D　在这里，他们可以看到季节的变化，感知太阳的运动和月亮周围的光线。A. block阻塞；B. control控制；C. adjust调整；D. sense感知。故选D。
14.C　根据空后的“day after day”可知，这是日复一日走的路，因此是同样的路。A. direction方向；B. speed速度；C. path小路；D. campus 校园。故选C。
15.A　日复一日走着同样的路，但每一小时的每一分钟都感觉是新的。A. new新的；B. free自由的；C. real真实的；D. complete完整的。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【文本大意】本文主要讲述了中国公园里的晨练现象和晨练的好处。
1.with/by　考查介词。句意：然而，对于成年人来说，熟悉的校园已经被公园所取代。be replaced by/with为固定短语，意为“被……取代”。故填with或by。
2.practising　考查非谓语动词。句意：在公园的每个角落，你还可以看到人们在练习各种各样的体育运动：广场舞、羽毛球等。see sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故填practising。
3.whose　考查定语从句。句意：但公园里最引人注目的群体是所谓的“功夫爷爷或奶奶”，他们的视频在网上疯传。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies，关系词代替先行词在从句中作videos的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
4.retirement　考查名词。句意：他们中的大多数是退休后才开始锻炼的各行各业的普通工人。分析句子结构可知，空处与空前的their一起作after的宾语，应用retire的名词形式retirement，retirement意为“退休”，为不可数名词。故填retirement。
5.benefits　考查名词的数。句意：运动的好处是无穷无尽的：一个更健康的身体，一个更苗条的身材和一个更快乐的心情。根据本句中的are可知，空处用名词benefit的复数形式，作主语。故填benefits。
6.happier　考查形容词比较级。句意同上。本空用形容词比较级happier“更快乐”，a happier mood与空前的a healthier body和a slimmer figure为并列关系。故填happier。
7.what　考查表语从句。句意：社会联系也是老年人在晨练中寻求的东西。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少seek的宾语，且指物，应用what引导。故填what。
8.has kept/has been keeping　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他坚持这个锻炼习惯已经六年了，现在他管理着一个由270名成员组成的社交媒体群，他们都有同样的爱好。结合时间状语for six years可知，句子时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为He，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has kept或has been keeping。
9.the　考查冠词。句意同上。 same“相同的”常与定冠词the连用。故填the。
10.included　考查非谓语动词。句意：冯说：“我喜欢这个地方的原因是，新来的人总是受到欢迎的。公园里的每个人都有归属感。” 此处表示感觉被包括在内的，表示被动，因此用include的过去分词形式。故填included。

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