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必修第一册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On that hot August day，as ash rained down and flames closed in，Jim Rhodes didn’t want to be anywhere but Coulterville. “My kid called from Alabama. We first heard about the fire from him，” Rhodes recalls. “He said，‘Evacuate(撤离)!’I said，‘Evacuate To where ’”
Coulterville is a tiny town located among dry hills where local people raise cattle and other livestock. It has a main street，a park and a museum. It’s got a café，a grocery shop and a post. And with summer temperatures routinely topping 100 degrees Fahrenheit，it has fires—sometimes big fires.
Eventually，this big fire got a name： the Moc Fire，for the tiny town of Moccasin—where it began as a brush fire.
It burnt for 10 days，consuming almost 3，000 acres. Rhodes woke to find his truck covered in ash and the news broadcasting evacuation orders. Ranchers(牧场主) across the region were fighting to protect their animals，loading them into the truck or just setting them loose to find safety. Volunteers were readying fairgrounds nearby to shelter animals. Already they were filling up with dogs，cats，chickens，horses，cattle，goats，sheep and rabbits.
As residents and animals were brought out，firefighters poured in. “With them came the biggest bulldozer(推土机) I’ve ever seen，” says Rhodes. “And they were sent to cut the firebreak that could save the town. We knew that if it made the cut，we’d all have to get out of here.”
The situation was clear. The danger was growing. But slowly Rhodes realised that he hadn’t come to Coulterville just to leave when the town needed him. He stayed，joining the handful of residents who gathered around the main street where fire officials posted updates. He knew he could help somebody，somehow.
Around mid-morning，a farmer he’d never met came by asking for help with animal evacuation. Rhodes’ phone was still ringing，but he knew what to do. “I hung up my phone，got in the truck and headed down to his farm，” he says.
(　　)1.Why did Rhodes’ kid call
A.To help him put out the fire.
B.To inform him of the big fire.
C.To ask him to set animals free.
D.To persuade him to stay home.
(　　)2.What can we know about Coulterville
A.Most residents there raise livestock.
B.It is a small town far from Moccasin.
C.This place seldom has fires in summer.
D.Its inhabitants have plenty of bulldozers.
(　　)3.What would Rhodes do next according to the last paragraph
A.Move out to be reunited with his kid.
B.Gather his animals to a safe shelter.
C.Help the stranger to save his animals.
D.Join the residents to cut the firebreak.
(　　)4.What is the best title for the text
A.Saving Wild Animals in Coulterville
B.A Trusted Neighbour in the Moc Fire
C.A Tiny Town Suffering a Big Disaster
D.Escaping from the Front Line of the Fire
B
Climate change poses a particular threat to children and youth，starting before birth and potentially influencing the normal development of physiological systems and emotional skills in ways that are sometimes irreversible(不可逆转的)，according to a report released by the American Psychological Association(APA) and ecoAmerica. The serious impacts of climate change，such as weather disasters，can cause trauma(心理创伤) and post-traumatic stress disorder in the short term，and many longer-term mental health challenges in the absence of proper treatment，the report says.
The effect of extreme weather events resulting from climate change can interrupt normal fetal(胎儿的) development and lead to a greater risk of anxiety or depressive disorder，and lower levels of self-control. The list of possible climate change-related mental health struggles expands as children get older，according to the report.
The impacts of climate change interact and combine with other factors that threaten youth mental health，which is already in danger. These factors include child development，parental health，rates of depression，anxiety，poverty，housing security，inadequate nutrition，and access to medical care，according to the report.
“If our responsibility to ensure a safe climate and great future for our children and future generations was not clear enough，this report brings it into vivid relief. My hope is for anyone caring for children—especially policymakers—to join me in following its guidance，” said Meighen Speiser，executive director of ecoAmerica and a co-author of the report.
This new report builds on the prior Mental Health and Our Changing Climate： Impacts，Inequities，Responses report，published in 2021. “Since the publication of the 2021 report，concerns about the mental health impacts of climate change have grown among scientists，health professionals，policymakers and the public，and the effects on children and youth are more noticeable，” said Arthur C. Evans Jr.，Ph D.“Psychology，as the science of behaviour，will be of great importance to make the changes that are vital to slow and stop its advance.”
(　　)5.What does the author say about youth mental health
A.It is already under threat.
B.It reflects a lot of social problems.
C.It differs a great deal from age to age.
D.It is the biggest concern of the society.
(　　)6.What does Meighen Speiser think of the report
A.It reminds us to take good care of our children.
B.It calls on people to join in the fight against pollution.
C.It clarifies the need to control climate change for future generations.
D.It urges policymakers to provide guidance on climate change.
(　　)7.What can be inferred from Arthur C. Evans Jr.’s words in the last paragraph
A.The study of youth health has sped up.
B.The climate is worsening faster than ever before.
C.The development of psychology needs more attention.
D.The impact of climate change-related mental health may be improved.
(　　)8.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Global Climate Change
B.Threats to Children’s Health
C.Mental Challenges Faced by Babies
D.Impacts of Climate Change on Kids’ Mental Health
Ⅱ.完形填空
Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked at his muddy crops. A terrible 　1　 had swept through his farm the night before，and his crops were now covered in 　2　 and destroyed. His neighbour，a kind young man named Thomas，　3　 to offer his help.
“What a disaster!” Whitaker said. “My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 　4　 and don’t know what to do now.”
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 　5　，” he said. Whitaker looked at him 　6　. “How can it be ” he asked. Thomas smiled 　7　，“Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 　8　 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 　9　 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 　10　 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 　11　 me，” Whitaker said. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty.”
And so Whitaker 　12　 new crops and soon，the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighbouring towns were 　13　 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields，and they began to 　14　 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 　15　 of adaptability and hope，telling everyone that in every storm，there is a chance for new growth.
(　　)1. A.force　　　　　　 B.smoke
C.war D.storm
(　　)2. A.mud B.grass
C.mist D.dust
(　　)3. A.went on B.set off
C.came by D.burst in
(　　)4. A.special B.desperate
C.sensitive D.tireless
(　　)5. A.opportunity B.agreement
C.intention D.element
(　　)6. A.as usual B.in disbelief
C.on purpose D.with pride
(　　)7. A.innocently B.gratefully
C.politely D.cheerfully
(　　)8. A.major B.traditional
C.different D.natural
(　　)9. A.restore B.exchange
C.donate D.abandon
(　　)10. A.formal B.diverse
C.realistic D.obvious
(　　)11. A.informed B.demanded
C.enlightened D.promised
(　　)12. A.tasted B.planted
C.shared D.received
(　　)13. A.confused B.compared
C.competed D.impressed
(　　)14. A.diversify B.remove
C.deliver D.observe
(　　)15. A.manner B.dream
C.symbol D.cause
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’ve seen my share of wildfires’ 1.________(destroy) on communities，but in more than eight years of covering these disasters as a photojournalist，the scene over Hawaii was one of 2.________ worst.
Based in Las Vegas，I’m used to being sent to wildfires in other places. I flew to Hawaii on Wednesday，and by Thursday morning，I was in a helicopter 3.________(fly) over Lahaina，a normally busy west Maui town that draws 4.________(visitor) from all over the world. 5.________struck me the most was the lack of colour of the burned earth sandwiched between the shiny blue ocean and deep green-brown mountains in the distance.
No plants or signs of life in sight. Just grey. Street after street was nothing but ruins. It was hard 6.________(imagine) the scenic town that was once here.
One sight 7.________(make) me worried and provided a clue to the serious damage of the approaching fire： burned vehicles on the road along Front Street. They weren’t parked on the side of the road. They were 8.________(obvious) abandoned in a big hurry. What happened 9.________ their owners Did they escape or were they 10.________(kill)
必修第一册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【文本大意】本文讲述了Rhodes居住的小镇大火蔓延，他在这种情况下选择留下来为当地居民提供帮助的故事。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中Rhodes说的话“My kid called from Alabama. We first heard about the fire from him(我的孩子从亚拉巴马州打来电话。我们第一次从他那里听到火灾的消息)”可知，Rhodes的孩子打电话告知他大火的事情。故选B。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Coulterville is a tiny town located among dry hills where local people raise cattle and other livestock.(科尔特维尔是一个位于干燥山丘之间的小镇，当地人在那里养牛和其他牲畜。)”以及第四段中的“Ranchers(牧场主) across the region were fighting to protect their animals， loading them into the truck or just setting them loose to find safety.(整个地区的牧场主都在努力保护他们的动物，把它们装上卡车，或者干脆把它们放走，寻找安全的地方。)”可知，科尔特维尔的大多数居民都饲养牲畜。故选A。
3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Around mid-morning， a farmer he’d never met came by asking for help with animal evacuation. Rhodes’ phone was still ringing， but he knew what to do. ‘I hung up my phone， got in the truck and headed down to his farm，’ he says.(上午10点左右，一个他从未见过的农民过来请求帮助撤离动物。Rhodes的电话还在响，但他知道该怎么做。‘我挂了电话，上了卡车，直奔他的农场，’他说。)”可知，Rhodes挂断电话后，开着卡车去那位陌生人的农场，由此可推知，他接下来会帮助陌生人拯救动物。故选C。
4.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Rhodes居住的小镇大火蔓延，Rhodes在这种情况下选择留下来为当地居民提供帮助，这个故事凸显了Rhodes在危难时刻不顾个人安危，乐于助人的品质，因此文章最好的标题是“A Trusted Neighbour in the Moc Fire(Moc大火中值得信赖的邻居)”。故选B。
B
【文本大意】一项新的研究发现：气候变化会影响孩子的心理健康。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The impacts of climate change interact and combine with other factors that threaten youth mental health， which is already in danger.(气候变化的影响与其他因素相互作用并结合在一起，威胁着已经岌岌可危的青少年的心理健康。)”可知，青少年的心理健康已经受到了很多威胁。故选A。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中Meighen Speiser说的话“If our responsibility to ensure a safe climate and great future for our children and future generations was not clear enough， this report brings it into vivid relief.(如果我们为子孙后代确保一个安全的气候和美好的未来的责任还不够明确，那么这份报告将它生动地展现出来。)”可推断出，Meighen Speiser认为这份报告明确了为子孙后代控制气候变化的必要性。故选C。
7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中他说的话中的“Psychology， as the science of behaviour， will be of great importance to make the changes that are vital to slow and stop its advance.(心理学作为一门研究行为的科学，对于做出对减缓和阻止其发展至关重要的改变将非常重要。)”可推断出，从他的话中我们可以推断出，与气候变化有关的心理健康的影响可以得到改善。故选D。
8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段和第二段中的关键信息“The serious impacts of climate change ... many longer-term mental health challenges”和“The list of possible climate change-related mental health struggles expands as children get older”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：气候变化会影响孩子的心理健康。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【文本大意】在农场受灾后，Elmer Whitaker在邻居的建议下开始多样化种植作物。他的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，这告诉每个人：在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。
1.D　根据文章最后一句中的“storm”可知，前一天晚上，一场可怕的暴风雨席卷了他的农场。A. force武力；B. smoke烟；C. war战争；D. storm 暴风雨。故选D。
2.A　根据本段第一句中的关键信息“muddy crops”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。A. mud泥；B. grass 草；C. mist薄雾；D. dust灰尘。故选A。
3.C　他的邻居，一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人，过来帮忙。A. go on继续；B. set off出发；C. come by顺道过来；D. burst in闯进。故选C。
4.B　Whitaker一家赖以生存的庄稼被毁，他感到绝望，不知道该怎么办。
A. special特殊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。故选B。
5.A　根据下文Thomas给Whitaker出的主意可知，Thomas告诉Whitaker，这不是灾难，而是机会。A. opportunity机会；B. agreement协议；C. intention意图；D. element要素。故选A。
6.B　根据下文Whitaker说的话“How can it be ”可知，Whitaker不相信地看着Thomas。A. as usual像往常一样；B. in disbelief不相信地，怀疑地；C. on purpose故意地；D. with pride骄傲地。故选B。
7.D　根据语境可知，Thomas高兴地给Whitaker提出建议。A. innocently无辜地；B. gratefully感激地；C. politely礼貌地；D. cheerfully高兴地。故选D。
8.C　Whitaker一直种大豆和卷心菜，Thomas建议他尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物。A. major主要的；B. traditional传统的；C. different不同的；
D. natural自然的。故选C。
9.A　根据上文可知，Whitaker种植的庄稼被暴风雨给毁掉了，因此此处Thomas建议他多样化种植作物，从而恢复他的农场。 A. restore恢复；
B. exchange交换；C. donate捐赠；D. abandon放弃。故选A。
10.B　这场灾难促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展。
A. formal正式的；B. diverse多样的；C. realistic现实的；D. obvious明显的。故选B。
11.C　上文Thomas的一番话启迪了Whitaker。A. inform通知；B. demand 需要；C. enlighten启迪；D. promise许诺。故选C。
12.B　于是Whitaker种上了新作物，很快，农场又充满了生机。A. taste品尝；B. plant种植；C. share分享；D. receive收到。故选B。
13.D　邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。A. confuse使困惑；B.compare 比较；C. compete与……竞争；D. impress使留下印象。故选D。
14.A　邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，因此他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. diversify 使多样化；B. remove去除；C. deliver递送；
D. observe看到。故选A。
15.C　Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。A. manner方式；B. dream梦想；C. symbol象征，标志；D. cause原因。故选C。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【文本大意】作者讲述了他在拉海纳火灾现场采访时的见闻。
1.destruction　考查名词。根据该空前的wildfires’可知，空处填名词，destroy的名词形式为destruction，表示“毁灭”。故填destruction。
2.the　考查冠词。形容词最高级前面加定冠词。故填the。
3.flying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处用非谓语动词作后置定语；fly与其逻辑主语helicopter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作后置定语。故填flying。
4.visitors　考查名词的数。来自世界各地的游客不止一个，因此用名词的复数形式。故填visitors。
5.What　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，用连接代词 what引导；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
6.to imagine　考查非谓语动词。此处为“It is+形容词+to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事是……的。”故填to imagine。
7.made　考查时态。该句叙述的是过去发生的事，因此时态用一般过去时。故填made。
8.obviously　考查副词。所填词在此处修饰动词abandoned，作状语，因此用所给形容词的副词形式obviously。故填obviously。
9.to　考查介词。sth happens to sb意为“某人发生了某事”，此处表示“它们的主人发生了什么 ”。故填to。
10.killed　考查语态。因为 kill与they之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态。故填killed。

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