资源简介

高效作业 12　[必修第三册　Unit 1　Festivals and Celebrations]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Choice of Walks for Beginners
and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide，this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time： Saturday，1st October，at 09：00
Start Point： Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration： 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard，an experienced guide，has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time： Sunday，2nd October，at 09：00
Start Point： Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration： 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at nighttime is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time： Saturday，1st October，at 18：30
Start Point： The Town Hall
Walk Duration： 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time： Sunday，2nd October，at 11：45
Start Point： Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration： 1.5 hours
(　　)1.Which walk takes the shortest time
A.The Natural World.
B.Introduction to Hillwalking.
C.Moonlight Under the Stars.
D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
(　　)2.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A.Wear proper clothes.
B.Join a walking club.
C.Get special permits.
D.Bring a survival guide.
(　　)3.What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing.
B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point.
D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
B
In ancient Maya civilisation，cacao—which chocolate is made from—wasn’t just for the elites(精英). Traces of the sacred plant show up in antiques from all types of neighbourhoods and in and around a former Maya city，researchers report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The finding suggests that，contrary to previous thinking，cacao was consumed at every social level of Maya society.
“Now we know that the ceremonies with cacao were likely played out by everyone，” says Anabel Ford，an archaeologist at the University of California，Santa Barbara. Cacao was sacred to the ancient Maya，consumed in ceremonies and used as a currency. The cacao tree itself was linked to Hun Hunahpu，a Mayan god. Previous research found cacao in elite burials(墓地)，suggesting that its use was restricted to those at the top.
To explore the extent to which cacao was used in broader Maya society，Ford and his colleagues examined 54 antiques dating from CE 600 to 900. The antiques come from jars，mixing bowls，serving plates and vases thought to be drinking vessels. All the pieces were found in residential and ceremonial civic areas of varying size and status from city centres，foothills，upland areas and the valley around the former Maya city of El Pilar，on the present-day border of Guatemala and Belize.
To identify cacao，the researchers searched for theophylline，a compound found in trace amounts in the plant. The team found the compound on more than half of the samples，on all types of antiques and distributed throughout social contexts.
Future research will move beyond who consumed cacao and explore the role of farmers in managing the critical resource. “A better question is to understand who grew it，” Ford says，because those people probably had greater access to the valuable commodity.
(　　)4.What do traces of cacao found in Mayan antiques indicate
A.Cacao was once unique to Maya society.
B.Cacao was only available to wealthy Mayan people.
C.Cacao was accessible to Mayan ordinary people.
D.Cacao left more traces in the Mayan city centre.
(　　)5.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A.There is no need to do further research on cacao.
B.Mayan people liked eating chocolate very much.
C.Mayan festivals were the same as those of the modern times.
D.There were some limitations in previous research on cacao.
(　　)6.Why did Ford and his colleagues examine 54 antiques
A.To make copies of Mayan antiques.
B.To learn about the Mayan eating habits.
C.To find out cacao’s relationship with the religion.
D.To know about Mayan social groups of cacao use.
(　　)7.Which of the following will be the focus of the future research on cacao
A.The varieties of cacao.
B.Ways cacao was spread out.
C.Cacao tree growers.
D.The cacao’s value.
Ⅱ.完形填空
With the Statue of Liberty positioned perfectly behind me，I turned my attention to my husband，Mark，holding the camera. “Ready ” I called out. “One，two，three，go!” he shouted. At his 　1　，I started doing star jumps，as he held the shutter button down to 　2　 the moment.
It was in 2013，and Mark and I loved to travel around the world and 　3　 silly photos with our friends and family back home. It was the first time I’d tried this 　4　 and when I posted it on social media later that day，it was 　5　 popular. I was amazed by dozens of likes and comments.
When I got home，it was all my friends could talk about. “Your star jumps really 　6　 me up，” one said over a cup of tea. It made me happy knowing I’d helped others 　7　 a smile at my expense. Years went by，and the pose became a(n) 　8　 part of my travels，from France，the Greek Islands and Italy to Bali and New Zealand.
Then in June，I saw a(n) 　9　 advertised online searching for Australia’s happiest person. “We’re 　10　 four stays at Oaks hotels and all we want to see is your happy face，” it 　11　. “That sounds like me，” I thought，so I posted the 　12　. A couple of months later，I got a phone call announcing I was the 　13　. I was excited at the news and raced to tell Mark.
Now，here’s our plan： First，we’ll 　14　 to Sydney for the Vivid Festival and climb the Harbour Bridge. After that，we might go to Kings Cliff in New South Wales and even Darwin.
Life’s all about chasing happiness. And for anyone searching for 　15　 in their lives，my advice would be to smile.
(　　)1. A.warning　　　　 B.initiative
C.signal D.praise
(　　)2. A.expose B.capture
C.describe D.highlight
(　　)3. A.collect B.develop
C.take D.share
(　　)4. A.pose B.expression
C.schedule D.strategy
(　　)5. A.rarely B.constantly
C.instantly D.slightly
(　　)6. A.cheered B.picked
C.woke D.brought
(　　)7. A.hide B.force
C.admire D.crack
(　　)8. A.original B.regular
C.temporary D.secret
(　　)9. A.discussion B.tradition
C.competition D.organisation
(　　)10. A.giving away B.looking for
C.making up D.taking up
(　　)11. A.wrote B.suggested
C.displayed D.read
(　　)12. A.comments B.orders
C.pictures D.letters
(　　)13. A.photographer B.winner
C.owner D.traveller
(　　)14. A.adjust B.belong
C.turn D.head
(　　)15. A.fame B.joy
C.fortune D.comfort
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking through his neighbourhood supermarket in Australia，1.________ packs of Chinese sauerkraut(酸菜) line the shelves，Huang Xiqing feels like he’s shopping in his hometown of Shenyang in Liaoning Province. “The sauerkraut soup tastes just like home，” says the 45-year-old Chinese living in Canberra，2.________(sound) a little homesick.
Chinese sauerkraut，a pickle which 3.________(make) of Chinese cabbage，is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4.________ exported overseas. Chinese cabbage has gained in 5.________(popular) with ordinary households，because it is cheap and can be stored for a relatively long period of time.
During the last decades，Chinese businessmen have set 6.________ several sauerkraut companies. Among them，a company in Heilongjiang has sold its Chinese sauerkraut not only 7.________(domestic)，but also to countries including Canada，Japan and the United States. When people were making purchases for the Spring Festival，sales of Chinese sauerkraut on the social platform increased more than tenfold，8.________(compare) to the previous year.
But for Huang，Chinese sauerkraut is an everlasting link to home. “Although I have tried delicacies from across 9.________ globe，Chinese sauerkraut is still one of my 10.________(favourite)，and reminds me of my hometown，” Huang says.
高效作业 13　[必修第三册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating，including paying to have their names added to a paper.
The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publication from a national registry that is key to receiving government grants，job promotions，and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers that were involved in academic misconduct，including 72 listed on the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.
The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behaviour. “Dishonest publishing practices transcend mere moral misbehaviour because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth，” says Edward M laga Trillo，a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills，which lawmakers are expected to finalise early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.”
Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause，some researchers say，is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example，under a scoring system used by universities，researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal，and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotions.
Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious，notes Nahuel Monteblanco，president of Cientificos.pe，a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries，that’s highly suspect，” Monteblanco says.
(　　)1.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating
A.Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty.
B.Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry.
C.Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct.
D.Withdrawing government funds from 14 universities.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Change.　　　　 B.Strengthen.
C.Go beyond. D.Approve of.
(　　)3.What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru
A.It advocated a fair scoring system.
B.It applied to high-impact journals.
C.It led to an increase in false authorship.
D.It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.
(　　)4.The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with ________.
A.career promotions
B.consistent research focus
C.few citations by Punto Final
D.co-authors from various countries
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Character is how you live out what you believe to be true about life，people，and the world. 1.________. Character strengths are positive qualities reflected in someone’s thoughts，feelings，and actions. We desire to have such character strengths ourselves or find them in our friends，family，or others around us.
2.________. It is really a collection of positive traits(品质). Positive character traits correspond to well-being，happiness，emotional and psychological health，work performance，and satisfaction.
Attaining virtue and being fully self-aware require us to develop qualities including judgement，perspective，bravery，perseverance，self-regulation，gratitude，hope，humour，and spirituality. 3.________.
When facing a challenge，we reveal our character. Mandela was imprisoned for nearly three decades because of his efforts to oppose the South African government non-violently. However，he was able，upon his release，to have the wisdom，courage，humanity，and justice to shake hands with the prison guards who had kept him locked up for more than 27 years. 4.________，but he didn’t blame the guards for doing their jobs.
“Good character is not formed in a week or a month，” wrote Greek philosopher Heraclitus. It is created little by little. 5.________. Another quote from Nelson Mandela，“Do not judge me by my successes; judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up again.” It’s in choosing to get back up after we’ve fallen for the first time or the 50th time that we strengthen our character.
A.He had good character
B.Good character is more than just one value
C.Patience is needed to develop good character
D.It shows how you live and how you treat others
E.He hated the injustice that had put him in prison
F.These are among the characteristics of a strong person
G.Character changes over the course of our life experiences
Ⅲ.完形填空
Orion Jean，a young boy from Texas，initiated an extraordinary mission of kindness and inspired others. His journey 　1　when he participated in the National Kindness Speech Contest. Giving a speech about the 　2　 of kindness to transform a nation，Orion won a $500 cash prize. Instead of spending it on himself，he chose to use it to give those in need a 　3　.
So the little boy，who said his parents always taught him that “kindness is a virtue that should be 　4　 above all others”，came up with the idea of the Race to Kindness campaign. It 　5　 doing good deeds in his community.
Orion set out to help children requiring 　6　 treatment. He thought there was no better way to 　7　 a kid than a toy. So he used the winnings to buy as many toys as possible and 　8　 a toy fair to get over 600 fun toys donated to the Children’s Health Hospital in Dallas.
After the toy fair，he launched a(n) 　9　 “Race to 100，000 meals” to help food-insecure people in his community.　10　 a local nonprofit organisation，he helped feed people who might not have had a meal for Thanksgiving.
In May 2022，to provide books for children who lacked 　11　to them，Orion launched the “Race to 500，000 Books”. It centred on poverty-stricken areas，　12　 those known as “book deserts”. The result Many people　13　the chance to show their love to strangers. So the goal of “500，000” was exceeded.
Orion’s story is an example of how a wave of positive　14　is generated by one individual’s kindness. The “Race to Kindness” is grateful to everyone who comes together to be a　15　 system in times of need.
(　　)1. A.ended B.occurred
C.started D.continued
(　　)2. A.energy B.concern
C.worry D.power
(　　)3. A.lift B.reward
C.lesson D.shot
(　　)4. A.made B.prized
C.said D.ignored
(　　)5. A.submitted to B.caught up
C.cared for D.focused on
(　　)6. A.fair B.social
C.medical D.virtual
(　　)7. A.change B.contact
C.amuse D.guide
(　　)8. A.ordered B.delivered
C.found D.mounted
(　　)9. A.limited B.ambitious
C.reliable D.genuine
(　　)10. A.Partnering B.Sharing
C.Collecting D.Assisting
(　　)11. A.interest B.chance
C.access D.time
(　　)12. A.especially B.naturally
C.extremely D.suddenly
(　　)13. A.tried out B.jumped at
C.turned down D.put forward
(　　)14. A.courage B.change
C.care D.mind
(　　)15. A.food B.work
C.life D.support
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) 1.________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2.________(six) century， B.C. Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，3.________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fables. In fact，her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America，4.________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，5.________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 6.________(intend) for everyone.
7.________(difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8.________ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9.________(warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.__________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
高效作业 14　[必修第三册　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Home to 40 museums，Basel has the highest concentration of museums in the country. It also has a beautiful Old Town，modern architecture，and the Rhine—an inviting spot to rest for a while.
Description
Basel is Switzerland’s oldest university city. Historic landmarks of the city include the large market square with its richly decorated red sandstone town hall and the late Romanesque-Gothic cathedral. During a walk through the Old Town，a visit to the “L ckerli Huus” to try the traditional Basel honey cake is well worth your while. Basel is tradition-conscious and open-minded at the same time，a fact born out by several modern buildings designed by renowned architects such as Herzog & de Meuron，Mario Botta，and Richard Meier.
Among the 40 museums，the Basel Art Museum，the museum devoted to the iron sculptor Jean Tinguely，the Fondation Beyeler and the Museum of Cultures，attract a great many visitors，as do several galleries and playhouses. Basel is among other things home to the symphony orchestra and the chamber orchestra.
Basel is a green city. The Botanical Gardens，the Merian G rten and the banks of the Rhine are perfect places to relax and stay for a while. You can easily explore Basel on foot or by bike. There are four Rhine ferries that connect Grossbasel with Kleinbasel.
Winter
Basel is widely regarded as Switzerland’s cultural capital，and with good reason： In this city you will encounter art at every turn，whether you stroll through the beautiful Old Town or visit one of almost 40 museums. What’s more，Basel also features top-class modern architecture just waiting to be discovered on a city tour.
Basel’s Christmas markets on Barfüsserplatz and Münsterplatz are considered the most beautiful and largest in Switzerland. During the pre-Christmas period，many events and spectacular special exhibitions in the museums also enrich the city’s cultural offerings.
Summer
Basel’s secret landmark is the Rhine. People relax in the charming buvettes—the lovingly designed，small open-air gastronomic establishments—or let themselves be carried along by the gentle flow in the river. On a hot summer day，there is hardly anything more beautiful than cooling off by swimming in the Rhine while watching the backdrop of the city pass by.
(　　)1.What can be inferred about Basel’s cultural scene from the passage
A.It is limited to museums and galleries.
B.It primarily focuses on traditional forms of art.
C.It is not well-developed compared to other cities in Switzerland.
D.It is diverse，including both traditional and modern forms of art.
(　　)2.Why is Basel considered Switzerland’s cultural capital according to the passage
A.Because it is very likely to come across art around in Basel.
B.Because it has the most modern architecture in Switzerland.
C.Because it hosts the largest Christmas market in Switzerland.
D.Because it is home to the largest botanical garden in the country.
(　　)3.Where can visitors experience the cool current in Basel
A.The Rhine.
B.The Old Town.
C.The Botanical Gardens.
D.The Basel Art Museum.
B
“A fish out of water.” “A bike without a chain.” There are many metaphors for culture shock，all of which attempt to describe the unique experience of being far from one’s home country and culture.
Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century. Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects，psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment. The first stage is the honeymoon phase，when we are filled with excitement about being in another country. Eventually，as daily challenges arise，we enter a state of crisis and anxiety，harbouring unfriendly feelings about the host culture. After we are immersed in the culture for a long time，we adjust and recover from those negative feelings. Finally，after some time we adjust even more and fully accept the new culture.
One of the factors that determines how we react to cultural stress is our personality. Not surprisingly，extraverts(外向者) tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures. That is because being in a new country means meeting many new people and spending a lot of time with them，and extraverts thrive in these situations. But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups，and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.
Cultural intelligence，or CQ，also plays its part. Cultural intelligence is defined as the capability of an individual to function effectively in situations characterised by cultural diversity. It has to do with our interest in interacting with people from culturally diverse backgrounds，and our ability to adapt to new cultural context. It is argued that the higher our CQ，the lesser the effect of culture shock on our ability to cope in new situations.
Many effective coping strategies are interpersonal. A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad. The more we are able to take on other people’s points of view，the more positive our interpersonal relationships and thus our adaptation to the stress of culture shock.
(　　)4.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.Explaining the quotes.
B.Raising an argument.
C.Introducing the topic.
D.Presenting an example.
(　　)5.How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country
A.Anxious.　　　　 B.Thrilled.
C.Shocked. D.Grateful.
(　　)6.Who will most probably be affected by the culture shock
A.An active boy interested in anything new.
B.A shy boy unwilling to socialise with strangers.
C.A quiet girl open to diverse cultural backgrounds.
D.A communicative girl fluent in the local language.
(　　)7.What is important for dealing with the culture shock
A.Lowering the stress level.
B.Developing self-awareness.
C.Analysing the cause of discomfort.
D.Understanding others with sympathy.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ollivier Jean-Baptiste，25，a vlogger from France living in China，delivered a speech on the latest episode of the China Daily Youth Power series. The episode，named “Timeless Tales from China”，was 　1　 on Jan.30.
In his speech，titled “Bridging Cultures： A Personal 　2　 from France to China”，he spoke about his 　3　 impressions of China. Just like his family and friends，he saw China as a distant and 　4　place with a culture entirely different from France and other Western countries.
“My wife took me to see the flag-raising 　5　 in Tian’anmen Square. Witnessing countless young people rushing 　6　 the flag，I was deeply moved. It’s a country of strength，unity，and love，” he said.
When Jean-Baptiste visited his Chinese wife’s hometown for the first time，he couldn’t speak much Chinese. He felt the warmth of home in a foreign country and was 　7　 to live in China，he said. All of these experiences made Jean-Baptiste eager to 　8　 different aspects of Chinese culture. He visited many tourist　9　 in China. When he returned to France for vacation and 　10　 photos of his travels and life in China with his family，they were also excited.
　11　 his fantastic personal experiences in China，Jean-Baptiste noticed that friendly interactions between the two countries are 　12　. After learning about the 15-day visa-free travel from France to China，his family and friends couldn’t wait to 　13　 their trip to China. “I’m overjoyed to 　14　 them during the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations，showcasing China’s modern development and rich history，” he said. “I may be just an ordinary person with 　15　 influence，but everyone can be a cultural ambassador.”
(　　)1. A.produced B.published
C.acknowledged D.aired
(　　)2. A.Business B.Journey
C.Programme D.Exhibition
(　　)3. A.last B.real
C.initial D.right
(　　)4. A.similar B.familiar
C.mysterious D.plain
(　　)5. A.ceremony B.activity
C.show D.display
(　　)6. A.from B.in
C.towards D.for
(　　)7. A.thrilled B.worried
C.embarrassed D.surprised
(　　)8. A.collect B.explore
C.fetch D.accumulate
(　　)9. A.homes B.attractions
C.centres D.routes
(　　)10. A.shared B.delivered
C.exchanged D.printed
(　　)11. A.Regardless of B.In spite of
C.Apart from D.Far from
(　　)12. A.declining B.increasing
C.growing D.developing
(　　)13. A.cancel B.stop
C.book D.suspend
(　　)14. A.relax B.join
C.visit D.host
(　　)15. A.special B.limited
C.significant D.extensive
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What is the secret of the charm of Yunnan Province Beautiful scenery，rare plants and flowers，or local specialities These are all part of the answer，1.________they are definitely not everything.
Yunnan boasts not only fabulous natural landscapes，but also fascinating ethnic customs. Among the 25 ethnic groups of Yunnan，the Yi people have 2.________unique culture，which over thousands of years 3.________(develop) into colourful customs with distinctive features.
The Yi people adore tigers，fire and the colour black. Many festivals have developed from the ceremonies for 4.________(worship) these objects. The Torch Festival is the most widely celebrated，with a very strong 5.________(religion) element.
The Yi people，who call 6.________(they) the “fire nationality”，think fire possesses a superhuman power which can drive away evil and frighten off ghosts.
During the festival，at the entrance to the villages，a grand “torch tower”，made of pine branches and dry firewood and 7.________(stand) more than 20 metres high，is decorated with fresh flowers and fruit.
After dinner，as darkness casts its shadow，all the people rush 8.________(enthusiastic) to the “torch tower” square. 9.________such a brilliant night，all the participants are intoxicated(陶醉的) by the grand spectacle and the atmosphere of celebration. 10.________(dress) in splendid costumes，young men and women sing and dance hand in hand around the bonfire to express their gratitude for a life of plenty and good wishes for the coming year.
高效作业 15　[必修第三册　Unit 4　Space Exploration]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Aeronautics(航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight，creating 3D models from digital images，to build a winged drone(无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.
Chahl’s team used a special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long，light and hard. Plus，their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance，making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation missions.
Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight，when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious，meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that can right themselves.
Of course，not all attempts to build dragonfly-like drones are successful. TechJet’s air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera，observation and security drone，but it failed before production got underway. Similarly，Insectothopter，an American dragonfly spy drone built in the 1970s was deserted.
Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact，NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan in 2034. NASA’s project is actually an air vehicle，rather than a winged drone，but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature’s most gifted flying insect and revolutionise unmanned flight along the way.
(　　)1.Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonfly’s flight
A.To make winged drones modelled after it.
B.To build 3D models from digital images.
C.To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.
D.To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.
(　　)2.The special skill of dragonflies is their ability to________.
A.glide to safety
B.avoid tricky situations
C.perform observation tasks
D.adjust themselves to stay stable
(　　)3.Why does the author mention TechJet’s air vehicle and Insectothopter in Para.4
A.To showcase the inventions of engineers.
B.To compare dragonfly-like drones with other aircraft.
C.To illustrate failed attempts at building dragonfly-like drones.
D.To explain the disadvantages of these aircraft.
(　　)4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Winged Drones： Still a Long Way to Go
B.Javaan Chahl： An Innovative Leader of Aeronautics
C.A Dragonfly’s Flying Technique： Perfect for Drones
D.The Code of Nature： A Solution to NASA’s Space Exploration
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being minimalist is about intentionally reducing your possession of the items you value most and increasing the amount of time you spend on the people and activities you truly enjoy. It can take many forms. 1.________. This way you can optimise(优化) your life towards ideals.
Try clearing away your possessions
If you think hard，you will realise that the physical things you own are not the most important parts of your life. In this case you can clear away all but the most essential things in sweeps. Focus on keeping things that you value deeply. 2.________. Take a few weeks to live without those things. At the same time，notice if the things you’ve kept are serving you.
3._______
You must have many friends，but how many of them are people who motivate and inspire you to grow and learn Becoming minimalist means that you evaluate how well they fit into your ideal life and maximising your social time spent on people who lift you up. Then you can also free up more time to spend on other priorities in life. 4.________.
Take time for introspection
Introspection，which means you sitting with your own thoughts，is what people are terrified of in so “busy” a world. 5.________. You can put your phone on silent，turn off the TV and block out distractions and just sit with your thoughts. You will come face to face with some uncomfortable truths. But pushing through to the other side is where the magic happens.
Even though everyone embraces minimalism differently，each path leads to the same place： a more meaningful life with more time and more freedom. Hopefully you will get there.
A.Have less possessions to enjoy more
B.Anyway，you should make space to think
C.People are eager for another way of living
D.Consider your lifestyle around relationships
E.Get rid of things that you don’t need any longer
F.It’s worth focusing your time on people that matter
G.The important part is to figure out your flavour of minimalism
Ⅲ.完形填空
What could driving a race car towards the finish line and pointing a camera at the Milky Way have in common More than you might imagine. Race car driver Bubba Wallace and photographer Babak Tafreshi journeyed together to Utah’s remote Gooseberry Mesa for a(n) 　1　 aimed at capturing the night sky.
Gooseberry Mesa，far from population centres，is 　2　 from the nighttime light pollution，making it perfect for star photographers. Nature night environments such as this are 　3　.
Camping，hiking，and shooting stars in mountainous Mesa highlight the 　4　 between photography and racing. Bubba 　5　，“Once you fire up the 　6　 there’s no turning back—I know I’ll be in that seat for more than three hours.” Babak agrees，“I have the same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera—I’m ready to continue through the entire night.” For Bubba，developing 　7　 allows him to mature as a driver and is equally essential to his photography.
Seizing the moment is crucial，too. “Every minute things are 　8　—Earth’s shadow，the moonlight，the rise of stars，” Babak explains. “If you lose the moment，it’s gone forever.” Bubba finds the physical and 　9　 demands of racing crucial when travelling in Utah’s 　10　 landscape under freezing temperatures.
Think of incoming clouds，wind，or mist will 　11　 your chance at a perfect shot Babak says，“With wide-angle nightscapes，every 　12　 weather condition can be an opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a clear sky.”
The team discovered shared 　13　 that go beyond photography. “We’re both passionate about bringing cultures together and using our work to 　14　 boundaries，” says Babak. “The night sky has a 　15　 power. The sky connects the whole world under one umbrella.”
(　　)1. A.adventure　　　 B.business
C.family D.point
(　　)2. A.recalled B.reminded
C.reflected D.protected
(　　)3. A.challenging B.absurd
C.rare D.common
(　　)4. A.emphasis B.difference
C.importance D.similarity
(　　)5. A.notes B.predicts
C.evaluates D.concludes
(　　)6. A.intelligence B.engine
C.star D.feeling
(　　)7. A.energy B.patience
C.creativity D.ambition
(　　)8. A.changing B.moving
C.growing D.rising
(　　)9. A.economic B.electric
C.mental D.tight
(　　)10. A.delicate B.calm
C.rugged D.poor
(　　)11. A.ruin B.improve
C.demand D.adjust
(　　)12. A.similar B.unexpected
C.normal D.breathtaking
(　　)13. A.interests B.profits
C.benefits D.advantages
(　　)14. A.take up B.get through
C.turn down D.break down
(　　)15. A.regular B.respectful
C.terrifying D.unifying
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China shared exciting news about its space exploration efforts，and revealed the names of its manned lunar lander and a new crew spaceship. This development marks 1.________ important step in the nation’s efforts 2.________(explore) outer space. The lunar lander is named Lanyue，3.________ means “embracing the moon”. This choice reflects the dream and confidence of the Chinese people in their space exploration efforts.
The crew spaceship has been named Mengzhou，or Dream Vessel，4.________(indicate) its role in realising the dream of landing on the moon and exploring new frontiers in space. Mengzhou has two models： one is used to transport astronauts to the moon while another replaces the current spaceship Shenzhou to carry crew members between Earth 5.________ the Tiangong Space Station.
These names，Lanyue and Mengzhou，were selected 6.________(careful) from nearly 2，000 suggestions by the public to show the wide 7.________(participate) and interest of the Chinese people 8.________ their country’s space missions. China plans to send its first manned mission to the moon around 2030. The Lanyue lander is designed with a landing and propulsion section to carry two astronauts to the moon. The Mengzhou spacecraft，designed for space travel，9.________(include) a reentry module for the astronauts and a service module 10.________(equip) with power and propulsion systems.
高效作业 16　[必修第三册　Unit 5　The Value of Money]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Now my dad is one of those people who never seem to have much trouble figuring out how to make money. Sure，Mum and Dad had some trouble keeping it for a little while during the bankruptcy(破产) years，but bringing home a good income was never really a problem. That’s because my parents have never been confused about where money comes from.
It’s something my dad has told me pretty much every day： Money comes from work. Our culture has made many wonderful advances to ensure the safety and well-being of children. But we may have taken this too far. Many parents today are so centred on what their children want that they have lost perspective on what their children really need. The perspective—looking at life over time—demands that you teach children to work. Teaching a child to work is not child abuse. We teach them to work not for our benefit，but because it gives them both dignity in a job well done today and the tools and character to win in the future as adults.
You should view teaching your children to work in the same way you view teaching them to bathe and brush their teeth—as a necessary skill for life. If your children graduate from high school and their only skill set consists of playing video games，complaining and eating junk food，then you have set them up to fail.
Another huge benefit of teaching a child the wonder of work is that they will tend to stay away from people who refuse to work. Why is this good Because you want your daughter to marry Mr Right，not Mr Lazy.
So train your children in the way they should go，and when they’re old，they will not go away from it.
(　　)1.Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad
A.Generous.　　 B.Hard-working.
C.Considerate. D.Confident.
(　　)2.According to Paragraph 2，what are parents today supposed to do
A.To instruct children how to work.
B.To focus on children’s needs.
C.To ensure children’s well-being.
D.To maintain the dignity of children.
(　　)3.What’s the benefit children can get from work
A.Getting rid of bad habits.
B.Helping support the family.
C.Learning to use money wisely.
D.Keeping away from lazy people.
(　　)4.Which column does the text possibly come from
A.Career planning.
B.Parental education.
C.Financial management.
D.Parent-child relationship.
B
Do you have a suit or dress in the closet that you haven’t worn for years but are reluctant to get rid of Maybe you say，“I can’t throw that away because I paid good money for it.” If you recognise this in yourself，then you are suffering from commitment to the sunk cost fallacy(谬论). It occurs when we feel that we have invested too much to quit. This psychological trap causes us to stick with a plan even if it no longer serves us and the costs clearly outweigh the benefits.
Arkes and Blumer conducted a survey showing that people are influenced by sunk cost fallacy in their decisions. Participants imagined spending $100 on a ski trip to Michigan and $50 on Wisconsin，realising later they were for the same weekend. They were told Wisconsin would be more enjoyable. When asked which trip to take，54% chose Michigan despite the reasonable choice being Wisconsin，because they had made a greater initial investment.
Sunk cost fallacy takes place when we let emotions cloud our decisions. Once we’ve invested in a choice，we feel guilt or regret if we don’t follow through. We fail to realise that past costs won’t be recovered. Instead，we base decisions on past costs，ignoring present and future costs and benefits. This may be due to loss aversion(厌恶)，where losses feel worse than gains. We avoid losses，making choices based on avoiding the “loss” of our past investment instead of considering the benefits gained if we don’t continue our commitment.
No one can deny the fact that we benefit a lot from perseverance. So our society loves to emphasise perseverance. Never give up! Don’t waste. But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes walking away is the hardest choice of all. You might realise a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a painful realisation.
(　　)5.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.People benefit from sticking with a plan.
B.People’s consumption view has changed.
C.People refuse to give up the past commitment.
D.People’s clothes are becoming more expensive.
(　　)6.Why did more than half of the participants choose the trip to Michigan in the survey
A.To save more of the loss.
B.To appear more reasonable.
C.To make a greater investment.
D.To enjoy more of themselves.
(　　)7.When does “sunk cost fallacy” occur
A.When we don’t follow through our choices.
B.When we don’t continue our commitment.
C.When we stop feeling guilty and regretful.
D.When we make decisions based on past costs emotionally.
(　　)8.What is the author’s attitude towards “perseverance”
A.Favourable. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I would say I totally did it.
I could sound the 　1　 to cause people to pay attention to the children with neurological(神经系统的) diseases. I could put my 　2　 as a dancer to perform on stage across the country in order to raise money for these children.
I have tried a lot，and also　3　 a lot.
The other day I went to 　4　 money we had collected to those extremely sick children. They all 　5　 me happily and looked at me as if I had been their long-lost family member，and one of them 　6　 held my hand，expressing his wish that I would come more often.
Therefore，I have made it my life 　7　 to help fight neurological diseases，and to inspire more young donors to participate in for 　8　 lives through arts.
I spend many weekends speaking at medical conferences to provide visibility for the 　9　 ill children，and so do my colleagues.
　10　 things can happen if the arts and medicine join forces. A life can be saved somewhere in the world with funding research，　11　 the medical equipment，and providing home-care services.
In these ways，the young 　12　 of our generation，along with our times，can come together and 　13　 a domino effect(多米诺骨牌效应) that we’ve been dreaming about.
I have learned that the 　14　 work is not something reserved for adults. I am 16 years old and I am responsible for my fellows. What happens to each of us 　15　 us all. I’ve only just begun to learn how to care about others.
(　　)1. A.word B.explosion
C.threat D.alarm
(　　)2. A.energies B.talents
C.risks D.spirits
(　　)3. A.asked B.responded
C.gained D.won
(　　)4. A.deliver B.raise
C.make D.accept
(　　)5. A.glared at B.smiled at
C.laughed at D.shouted at
(　　)6. A.toughly B.securely
C.firmly D.confidently
(　　)7. A.goal B.stage
C.journey D.chance
(　　)8. A.decorating B.taking
C.living D.saving
(　　)9. A.simply B.frequently
C.desperately D.widely
(　　)10. A.Foolish B.Extraordinary
C.Funny D.Normal
(　　)11. A.throwing B.comparing
C.supplying D.carrying
(　　)12. A.donors B.tourists
C.customers D.employers
(　　)13. A.design B.reduce
C.increase D.create
(　　)14. A.remarkable B.reasonable
C.considerable D.charitable
(　　)15. A.affects B.embarrasses
C.interests D.puzzles
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The term “Special Forces-style Tourism” 1.________(gain) in popularity on China’s social media platforms lately. It refers to the recent trend among young people who want to visit as many scenic 2.________(spot) as possible while spending the least amount of time and money.
When it comes to 3.________ major expense of travel，namely accommodation，China’s “special forces” have their own solutions. Some young travellers choose to stay overnight 4.________ private rooms at 24-hour chain restaurants like Haidilao hot pot. Others prefer to spend the night on forms of transportation，such as taking sleeper trains.
According to a travel report 5.________(release) by Tongcheng Travel，during this year’s Labour Day holiday，the domestic 6.________(consume) in the tourism market experienced a boom. Peak daily orders for hotels，attractions，and transportation outweighed those of the peak day during this year’s Spring Festival.
Opinions on this new hit are 7.________(divide). Some young people are keen to practise this high-intensity travel style with their good physical fitness. Others criticise that it is meaningless，8.________(state) that one could spend two or three days just exploring the Forbidden City and they do not understand 9.________ students can thoroughly visit ten attractions in just 48 hours. Meanwhile，some believe this kind of travelling is 10.________(simple) an expression of youthful impulse.
高效作业12　[必修第三册　Unit 1　Festivals and Celebrations]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的四种步行方案以及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关信息。
1.D　细节理解题。通读全文，根据所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分可知，Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D。
2.A　细节理解题。根据“Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。
3.D　细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time(日期和时间)”部分可知，这四种步行方案都被安排在周末。故选D。
B
【文本大意】在一个昔日的玛雅城市及其周边的各种类型的社区的文物中都发现了可可豆的踪迹，这一发现表明，玛雅社会的各个阶层都在食用可可豆。
4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In ancient Maya civilisation， cacao—which chocolate is made from—wasn’t just for the elites(精英).(在古代玛雅文明中，可可豆——巧克力的原料——不仅仅是精英阶层的专利。)”和最后一句“The finding suggests that， contrary to previous thinking， cacao was consumed at every social level of Maya society.(这一发现表明，与之前的想法相反，可可豆在玛雅社会的每个社会阶层都被食用。)”可知，在玛雅文物中发现的可可豆的踪迹表明，玛雅社会的各个阶层都可以食用可可豆。故选C。
5.D　推理判断题。通读前两段，尤其根据第二段中的“Now we know that the ceremonies with cacao were likely played out by everyone(现在我们知道，含有可可豆的仪式可能是每个人都可以参加的)”和“Previous research found cacao in elite burials(墓地)， suggesting that its use was restricted to those at the top.(之前的研究在精英墓地中发现了可可豆，这表明可可豆的使用仅限于上层人士。)”可知，当前的发现表明，在含有可可豆的仪式上，每个人都可以参加；而以前的研究表明，只有玛雅的上层社会才可以食用可可豆，由此可推知，以前的研究是有局限性的。故选D。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To explore the extent to which cacao was used in broader Maya society， Ford and his colleagues examined 54 antiques dating from CE 600 to 900.(为了探索可可豆在更广泛的玛雅社会中的使用程度，Ford和他的同事研究了54件可追溯到公元600年至900年的古董。)”可知，Ford和他的同事们研究54件文物是为了探究可可豆在玛雅社会中的使用范围。故选D。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Future research will move beyond who consumed cacao and explore the role of farmers in managing the critical resource. ‘A better question is to understand who grew it，’Ford says， because those people probably had greater access to the valuable commodity.(未来的研究将超越谁食用了可可豆，并探索农民在管理这一关键资源中的作用。‘更好的问题是了解是谁种植的，’Ford说，因为这些人可能有更多的机会获得这一贵重的商品。)”可知，可可树的种植者会是未来关于可可豆的研究的重点。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【文本大意】作者和丈夫喜欢环游世界时拍下傻傻的照片，和朋友以及家人分享。有一次，作者分享的在自由女神像下做星状跳跃的照片受到了大家的欢迎。后来，作者凭借这些照片赢得了一个寻找澳大利亚最幸福的人的比赛，得到一份酒店住宿奖励。作者认为生活就是追求幸福，建议那些寻找快乐的人去微笑。
1.C　句意：他一发出信号，我就开始做星状跳跃，而他按住快门按钮来捕捉这一刻。A. warning警告；B. initiative主动性；C. signal信号；D. praise赞扬。故选C。
2.B　句意同上。A. expose显露；B. capture捕捉；C. describe描述；D. highlight突出。故选B。
3.D　句意：那是在2013年，Mark和我喜欢环游世界，在回家后和我们的朋友和家人分享那些傻傻的照片。A. collect收集；B. develop发展；C. take拿走，取走；D. share分享。故选D。
4.A　句意：这是我第一次尝试这个姿势，当我当天晚些时候在社交媒体上发布它时，它立即受到欢迎。A. pose姿势；B. expression表达；C. schedule 日程安排；D. strategy战略。故选A。
5.C　句意同上。A. rarely很少；B. constantly持续不断地；C. instantly立即；
D. slightly稍微。故选C。
6.A　句意：“你的星状跳跃真的让我很开心，”其中一人一边喝茶一边说。
A. cheer使振奋，cheer sb up意为“使某人高兴”，符合语境；B. pick挑选；
C. wake唤醒；D. bring带来。故选A。
7.D　句意：这让我很开心，知道我帮助别人露出了笑容。A. hide隐藏；
B. force强迫；C. admire钦佩；D. crack裂开，crake a smile意为“露出微笑”，符合语境。故选D。
8.B　句意：多年过去了，从法国、希腊群岛、意大利到巴厘岛和新西兰，这个姿势成为我旅行的常规部分。A. original原始的；B. regular惯常的；
C. temporary临时的；D. secret秘密的。故选B。
9.C　句意：然后6月份，我在网上看到了一则寻找澳大利亚最幸福的人的比赛的广告。A. discussion讨论；B. tradition传统；C. competition比赛；
D. organisation组织。故选C。
10.A　句意：它上面写道：“我们将赠送奥克斯酒店的四次住宿，我们只想看到你开心的笑容。” A. give away赠送；B. look for寻找；C. make up弥补；
D. take up开始从事。故选A。
11.D　句意同上。A. write写；B. suggest建议；C. display展示；D. read写着。故选D。
12.C　句意：“听起来很像我，”我想，于是我把照片发布了出来。A. comment评论；B. order订单；C. picture照片；D. letter信件。故选C。
13.B　句意：几个月后，我接到一个电话，宣布我是获胜者。A. photographer 摄影师；B. winner获胜者；C. owner所有者；D. traveller旅行者。故选B。
14.D　句意：现在，我们的计划是这样的：首先，我们前往悉尼参加缤纷灯光节，爬港湾大桥。A. adjust调整；B. belong属于；C. turn转动；D. head朝……行进。故选D。
15.B　句意：对于那些在生活中寻找快乐的人，我的建议是微笑。A. fame 名气；B. joy快乐；C. fortune财富；D. comfort舒适。故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【文本大意】文章介绍了中国酸菜在澳大利亚的流行情况及其背后的文化意义。
1.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
2.sounding　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，需用非谓语动词形式，sound(听起来)与其逻辑主语the 45-year-old Chinese之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填sounding。
3.is made　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。说明客观事实，时态用一般现在时；be made of意为“由……制成”，此处用被动形式；主语为which，which指代a pickle，因此谓语动词用单数形式。故填is made。
4.and　考查连词。此处指“酸菜现在销往全国各地并出口到海外”，exported和sold之间是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
5.popularity　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，介词in后面用名词，popularity意为“流行，普及”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。
6.up　考查介词。此处表示“在过去的几十年里，中国商人建立了一些酸菜公司”，set up为固定短语，意为“建立”。故填up。
7.domestically　考查副词。修饰动词has sold，用副词domestically作状语，意为“在国内”。故填domestically。
8.compared　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作比较状语，compare(与……相比)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语sales of Chinese sauerkraut之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填compared。
9.the　考查冠词。the globe意为“地球，世界”，此处指“品尝了世界上的美食”。故填the。
10.favourites　考查名词的数。“one of+复数名词”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”。故填favourites。
高效作业13　[必修第三册　Unit 2　Morals and Virtues ]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【文本大意】文章介绍了秘鲁准备通过新的法律，以便更容易地调查和惩罚从事学术作弊的研究人员，并解释了作弊的原因等。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publication from a national registry that is key to receiving government grants， job promotions， and salary bonuses.(它最近将两名被指控发表不诚实文章的科学家从国家登记处除名，而国家登记处是获得政府拨款、工作晋升和工资奖金的关键。)”可知，秘鲁最近采取了从国家登记处取消两名科学家的资格来解决学术作弊问题。故选B。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth(因为它们使研究人员能够在不讲真话的情况下获得政府和私人资助)”和“These individuals are operating academic cheating.(这些人在搞学术作弊。)”可推断，国会议员Edward Málaga Trillo认为不诚实的出版行为“超越了单纯的道德不端行为”，所以画线词transcend意为“超越”。故选C。
3.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“One cause， some researchers say， is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example， under a scoring system used by universities， researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal， and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotions.(一些研究人员表示，其中一个原因是2014年的一项法律，该法律旨在通过奖励提高论文发表量的研究人员来促进研究。例如，在大学使用的评分系统下，研究人员在高影响力期刊上的作者署名可以获得5分，在期刊影响力较低的期刊上可以获得2分。大量的积分可以带来奖金和职业晋升。)”可知，研究人员会想办法提高论文的发表量，这样就会导致虚假作者的增加。故选C。
4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject.(Punto Final引用的许多论文都有来自不同国家的许多共同作者，在同一主题上之前很少有出版物。)”和Monteblanco说的话“If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries， that’s highly suspect(如果你的同事每年与其他国家的合著者持续发表20篇文章，那就非常值得怀疑了)”可知，最值得怀疑的可能是拥有来自不同国家的合著者的研究人员。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【文本大意】文章介绍了良好品格的特征以及培养方法。
1.D　根据上文“Character is how you live out what you believe to be true about life， people， and the world.(品格是你如何活出你对生活、对人、对世界的真实信念。)”可知，D项“It shows how you live and how you treat others(它显示了你如何生活和如何对待他人)”符合语境，其中“It”指代上文中的“Character”。故选D。
2.B　空处位于段首，为本段的主题句。根据本段中的关键信息“It is really a collection of positive traits(品质).(它确实是积极品质的集合。)”可知，B项“Good character is more than just one value (良好的品格不仅仅是一种价值观)”符合语境，其中“more than just one value”与下文中的“a collection of positive traits”相对应。故选B。
3.F　上文“Attaining virtue and being fully self-aware require us to develop qualities including judgement， perspective， bravery， perseverance， self-regulation， gratitude， hope， humour， and spirituality.”给出了获得美德和充分的自我意识需要的一系列品质，因此F项“These are among the characteristics of a strong person (这些都是强者的特征)”符合语境，其中“These”指代上文提到的“judgement， perspective， bravery， perseverance， self-regulation， gratitude， hope， humour， and spirituality”。故选F。
4.E　根据空后的“but he didn’t blame the guards for doing their job(但他并没有责怪做这些工作的警卫)”可知，E项“He hated the injustice that had put him in prison (他痛恨使他入狱的不公正待遇)”符合语境，与下文为转折关系，且主语都是he，指代曼德拉。故选E。
5.C　根据上文中的“It is created little by little.(它是一点点创造出来的。)”可知，此处强调良好的品格需要时间来创造，因此C项“Patience is needed to develop good character (培养良好的品格需要耐心)”符合语境，其中“Patience”为关键信息，与上文中的“little by little”相呼应。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【文本大意】Orion Jean通过参与全国善举演讲比赛开始了他的善举使命，创立了“善举竞赛”活动，旨在帮助需要医疗、食物和书籍的儿童，他的善举引发了社区的积极变化。
1.C　句意：他的善举之旅在参加全国善举演讲比赛时开始了。A. end结束；
B. occur发生；C. start开始；D. continue继续。故选C。
2.D　句意：Orion发表了一篇关于善良的力量改变一个国家的演讲，赢得了500美元的现金奖励。A. energy能量；B. concern关心；C. worry担忧；
D. power力量。故选D。
3.B　句意：他没有把钱花在自己身上，而是选择用它来奖励那些需要帮助的人。A. lift抬，举；B. reward奖励；C. lesson教训；D. shot尝试。故选B。
4.B　句意：这个小男孩说他的父母总是告诉他“善良是一种美德，应该比其他任何美德都重要”，所以他想出了“善举竞赛”的想法。A. make制造；
B. prize珍视；C. say说；D. ignore忽视。故选B。
5.D　句意：它专注于在他的社区做好事。A. submit to递交；B. catch up赶上；C. care for关心；D. focus on专注于。故选D。
6.C　句意：Orion开始帮助需要医疗治疗的儿童。A. fair公平的；B. social社会的；C. medical医疗的；D. virtual虚拟的。故选C。
7.C　句意：他认为没有比玩具更能逗孩子开心的东西了。A. change改变；
B. contact联系；C. amuse使开心；D. guide指导。故选C。
8.D　句意：于是他用奖金尽可能多地购买玩具，并组织了一个玩具展览会，得到了600多个有趣的玩具捐赠给了达拉斯儿童健康医院。A. order订购；
B. deliver递送；C. find发现；D. mount组织，开展。故选D。
9.B　句意：在玩具展览会之后，他发起了一个有雄心的“10万餐食竞赛”来帮助社区中食物匮乏的人。A. limited有限的；B. ambitious有雄心的；
C. reliable可靠的；D. genuine真正的。故选B。
10.A　句意：他与一个当地非营利组织合作，帮助那些可能感恩节没有餐食的人。A. partner做……的搭档，在此引申为“与……合作”；B. share 分享；
C. collect收集；D. assist协助。故选A。
11.C　句意：在2022年5月，为了向没有图书的儿童提供书籍，Orion发起了“50万本书竞赛”活动。A. interest兴趣；B. chance机会；C. access 使用权；接触的机会；D. time时间。故选C。
12.A　句意：它集中在贫困地区，特别是那些被称为“书籍沙漠”的地方。
A. especially尤其，特别；B. naturally自然，当然；C. extremely极其；D. suddenly突然地。故选A。
13.B　句意：许多人迫不及待地抓住了向陌生人展示他们的爱的机会。A. try out参加选拔；B. jump at迫不及待地抓住；C. turn down拒绝；D. put forward提出。故选B。
14.B　句意：Orion的故事展示了一个人的善意如何能引发积极变化的浪潮。
A. courage勇气；B. change改变；C. care关心；D. mind思维。故选B。
15.D　句意：“善举竞赛”对每一个在需要的时候聚集在一起成为支持系统的人表示感谢。A. food食物；B. work工作；C. life生命；D. support支持。故选D。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
1.to teach　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“几千年来，人们讲寓言做什么”，因此用不定式作目的状语。or后的to pass也是提示信息。故填to teach。
2.sixth　考查数词。根据空前的the可知，此处用six的序数词sixth。故填sixth。
3.as　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，此处需用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，表示“正如……”。故填as。
4.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词town，非限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5.borrowing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins，所以此处需用borrow的非谓语动词形式。borrow与其逻辑主语her fable之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
6.intended　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有be动词is，所以intend需用非谓语动词形式；be intended for为固定短语，意为“为……而设计”，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填intended。
7.Different　考查形容词。此处表示“与……不同”，用形容词different，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Different。
8.for　考查介词。take responsibility for为固定短语，意为“对……负责”。故填for。
9.warning　考查名词。根据空前不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10.be employed　考查语态。从句主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
高效作业14　[必修第三册　Unit 3　Diverse Cultures]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【文本大意】本文主要介绍了瑞士的巴塞尔市的文化、建筑、自然景观等特色。
1.D　推理判断题。根据Description部分第一段内容可知，城市的历史地标包括装饰华丽的红砂岩市政厅和晚期罗曼-哥特式大教堂的大市场广场。在老城区散步时，不妨去“L ckerli Huus”尝尝传统的巴塞尔蜂蜜蛋糕。巴塞尔既尊重传统，又开放包容，这一点从几座由著名建筑师设计的现代建筑中可以看出。由此可知，巴塞尔的文化场景包括传统和现代的艺术形式。故选D。
2.A　推理判断题。根据Winter部分第一段中的“In this city you will encounter art at every turn， whether you stroll through the beautiful Old Town or visit one of almost 40 museums.(在这个城市，无论你是漫步在美丽的老城区，还是参观近40家博物馆，你都会随处遇到艺术。)”可知，巴塞尔被认为是瑞士的文化之都，因为在巴塞尔，艺术无处不在。故选A。
3.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“On a hot summer day， there is hardly anything more beautiful than cooling off by swimming in the Rhine while watching the backdrop of the city pass by.(在炎热的夏天，没有什么比在莱茵河中游泳，一边看着城市的周围景物，一边享受凉爽更美的了。)”可知，游客可以在莱茵河中体验凉爽的水流。故选A。
B
【文本大意】文章介绍了文化冲击的含义、遭受文化冲击的原因和应对文化冲击的方法。
4.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“‘A fish out of water.’ ‘A bike without a chain.’ There are many metaphors for culture shock， all of which attempt to describe the unique experience of being far from one’s home country and culture.(‘离开水的鱼。’‘一辆没有链条的自行车。’文化冲击有很多隐喻，所有这些都试图描述远离祖国和文化的独特经历。)”以及第二段中的“Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century. Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects， psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment.(一个多世纪以来，科学家一直在研究文化冲击。心理学家将其描述为一个压力和调整的过程，而不是专注于纯粹的消极方面。)”可推知，第一段用两个习语引入“文化冲击”这一主题。故选C。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The first stage is the honeymoon phase， when we are filled with excitement about being in another country.(第一个阶段是蜜月期，我们对来到另一个国家充满了兴奋。)”可知，人们刚到国外时的感觉是兴奋的。故选B。
6.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Not surprisingly， extraverts(外向者) tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures.(毫不奇怪，外向的人往往更容易适应新文化。)”以及“But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups， and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.(但内向的人只是喜欢在集体活动后独处，他们在社交场合的精力有限。)”可推知，内向的人更容易受文化冲击的影响。故选B。
7.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad.(最近的一项研究发现，用同理心与他人交往，在国外的压力水平会显著降低。)”可知，带着同理心理解他人是应对文化冲击的有效方法。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【文本大意】本文讲述了法国人Ollivier Jean-Baptiste在中国定居后，从开始的刻板印象到彻底爱上这个国家的故事。
1.D　这期节目已在1月30日播出。A. produce生产，制作；B. publish出版；
C. acknowledge承认，感谢；D. air播出。故选D。
2.B　他演讲的标题为“文化的桥梁：从法国到中国的个人旅程”。A. business生意；B. journey旅程；C. programme项目；D. exhibition展览。故选B。
3.C　根据第4个空前的 distant可知，在这个演讲中，他谈到了他对中国的最初印象。A. last最后的；B. real真实的；C. initial最初的；D. right正确的。故选C。
4.C　根据下文中的“with a culture entirely different from France and other Western countries(有着与法国和其他西方国家完全不同的文化)”可知，就像他的家人和朋友一样，他认为中国是一个遥远而神秘的地方。A. similar相似的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. plain朴素的。故选C。
5.A　妻子带他去天安门广场看升旗仪式。A. ceremony仪式；B. activity活动；C. show演出；D. display展示。故选A。
6.C　目睹无数年轻人冲向国旗，Jean-Baptiste被深深地感动了。A. from 从……起；B. in在……里；C. towards朝，向；D. for为了。故选C。
7.A　他说，他在异国他乡感受到了家的温暖，在中国生活让他非常兴奋。
A. thrilled非常激动的，兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；
D. surprised惊讶的。故选A。
8.B　所有这些经历让Jean-Baptiste渴望探索中国文化的不同方面。A. collect收集；B. explore探索；C. fetch拿来；D. accumulate积累。故选B。
9.B　他参观了中国的许多旅游景点。A. home家庭；B. attraction吸引人之物，tourist attraction意为“旅游景点”，符合语境；C. centre中心；D. route路线。故选B。
10.A　当他回到法国度假，和家人分享他在中国旅行和生活的照片时，家人也很兴奋。A. share分享；B. deliver递送；C. exchange交换；D. print打印。故选A。
11.C　此处表示“除了在中国的奇妙经历”，下文还提到了中法两国之间的友好交往。A. regardless of不管；B. in spite of尽管；C. apart from 除……以外还；D. far from远非。故选C。
12.B　Jean-Baptiste还注意到两国之间的友好交往日益增多。A. decline 减少；
B. increase增加；C. grow成长；D. develop发展。故选B。
13.C　在了解到从法国到中国15天免签后，他的家人和朋友迫不及待地预订了他们的中国之旅。A. cancel取消；B. stop停止；C. book预订；D. suspend暂停。故选C。
14.D　在中法建交60周年期间，他很高兴地接待了来中国的家人和朋友。
A. relax放松；B. join参加；C. visit拜访；D. host做……的东道主，接待。故选D。
15.B　根据空前的“an ordinary person(一个普通的人)”可知，此处他想表达的是“一个普通人的影响是有限的”。 A. special特殊的；B. limited有限的；
C. significant重大的；D. extensive大量的，广泛的。故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【文本大意】本文主要介绍了云南彝

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