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高效作业 22　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 1　Science and Scientists]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In Gaza，a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market，he created small wind turbines to produce electricity，earning him the nickname： “Newton” of Gaza. This comparison involves the English scientist，Isaac Newton，known for his major scientific discoveries in the fields of physics，mathematics and astronomy.
“We here are living in darkness and tragedy，and rockets are falling on us. Therefore I thought of creating light，and did so，” said Al-Attar. His family are staying in a tent that is partly attached to a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans，one above the other. The wind can turn the fans，which produce small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood.
He said his first two attempts failed and it took him a while to develop a working system. “I started developing it further，bit by bit，until I was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent that we are living in，so that the tent will have light，” he added.
Al-Attar added he was happy to be able to create something to help “ease the suffering” of his family members. He said he was looking forward to the future when conditions can improve in Gaza.
“I am very happy that people in this camp call me Gaza’s Newton，” Al-Attar said. He added，“Because I hope to achieve my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating an invention that will benefit not only the people of the Gaza Strip，but the whole world.”
(　　)1.Why is Al-Attar called “Newton” of Gaza
A.Because his discoveries affect scientific fields.
B.Because his invention is connected with physics.
C.Because he becomes scientific about the issues.
D.Because he creates a useful device for the tent.
(　　)2.What can we infer about Al-Attar from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A.His first attempt at creating the device was successful.
B.His device has been adopted for use across that region.
C.He put great effort into developing a functional system.
D.He had a professional background in electrical engineering.
(　　)3.What motivates Al-Attar to keep going
A.His desire to be a scientist.
B.His eagerness to give people there hopes.
C.His dream of building a charging station.
D.His intention to improve his working system.
(　　)4.Which is the best title for the passage
A.Teenage “Newton” Brings Light to Gaza’s Darkness
B.Gaza’s Teenage “Newton” Shines Bright in Science
C.“Newton” of Gaza： Al-Attar’s Journey to Success
D.Al-Attar： A Young Inventor Making a Difference
B
Have you ever worried that you might smell bad Well，you do have a smell，but not in the way you think. The human body releases hundreds of chemical compounds into the air every day，and these compounds reveal much more than just our health habits; they can also indicate our health situations.
In 1971，chemist Linus Pauling identified 250 different gaseous chemicals in our breath，known as volatile organic compounds(VOCs). These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic(新陈代谢的) processes and are excreted(排泄) through skin glands. While sweat contributes to these VOCs，it only accounts for a small portion of them.
VOCs can reveal a lot about our health. For example，a sweet-smelling breath could be a sign of diabetes. Besides breath，VOCs are also released from our skin，and feces(粪便). A notable case involved Joy Milne，who noticed a change in her husband’s scent 12 years before he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Known as “the woman who can smell Parkinson’s disease”，Joy has been using her keen sense of smell to help scientists develop a simple swab test to diagnose the illnesses.
Animals with advanced sense of smell，like dogs，have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans. Although these scents are often undetectable to the human nose，they provide evidence that our bodies emit different scents when something is wrong.
The relationship between VOCs and our health is still being studied. Professor Morin and her team are investigating whether skin VOC signatures can reveal personal attributes. They have already shown that they can predict a person’s age within a few years based on their skin VOC profile.
In one interview，Professor Morin stated，“We are at a relatively early stage in this research area，but we have already distinguished males from females based on the acidity of skin VOCs. We believe skin VOCs can reveal aspects of who we are，such as nutrition，health and stress. These signatures likely contain markers that can be used to diagnose disease.”
So，who knows—maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device.
(　　)5.What do we learn about VOCs according to the passage
A.VOCs are primarily composed of sweat.
B.Our bodies’ metabolic processes are the source of VOCs.
C.Skin VOCs cannot reveal our age and gender up to now.
D.VOCs only released from our skin indicate health status.
(　　)6.Why does the author mention animals like dogs in Paragraph 4
A.To argue we should rely more on animals.
B.To show the superior intelligence of animals.
C.To highlight VOCs’ potential as diagnostic markers.
D.To illustrate they have the capability to detect cancers.
(　　)7.What future technology might arise from the understanding of VOCs
A.Devices that can breathe disease-causing VOCs.
B.Equipment that can analyse VOCs to diagnose diseases.
C.Personalised perfumes that can mask disease-related VOCs.
D.Advanced facilities that can change VOCs to improve health.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Throughout history，female scientists，engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. While their 　1　 have been massive，their names and their stories have 　2　 been publicised. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 　3　 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be overlooked and she 　4　 a unique way to do that： writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade told CBS News that while the 　5　 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men，she has always had 　6　 in the field. When she was a graduate student，Wade　7　 an inspiring woman in science，Kim Cobb，who is a climate scientist at Brown University.
“So when I met her I thought she is a(n)　8　 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search，I couldn’t 　9　 any information about her. What I 　10　 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there，” Wade said.
That’s how Wade got the 　11　—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.
In her free time，Wade searches the Internet to 　12　information，and then she gets to work，writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1，700 so far.
Wade is now making a　13　 for herself in science，and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.“We all have a role to 　14　 in making science a more diverse and 　15　 place，” she said.
(　　)1. A.ambitions　　　 B.potentials
C.achievements D.demands
(　　)2. A.naturally B.permanently
C.rarely D.regularly
(　　)3. A.share B.choose
C.read D.appreciate
(　　)4. A.thought little of B.came up with
C.passed down D.left out
(　　)5. A.goal B.progress
C.responsibility D.number
(　　)6. A.concepts B.role models
C.safety rules D.followers
(　　)7. A.referred to B.turned down
C.ran across D.took in
(　　)8. A.awesome B.ordinary
C.serious D.patient
(　　)9. A.remember B.identify
C.offer D.find
(　　)10. A.desired B.accepted
C.recommended D.acknowledged
(　　)11. A.help B.order
C.belief D.idea
(　　)12. A.collect B.post
C.manage D.correct
(　　)13. A.suggestion B.will
C.name D.request
(　　)14. A.make B.play
C.select D.decide
(　　)15. A.fairer B.safer
C.quieter D.wider
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1.________ total of 170 scientists did research on water，ecology and human activity，aiming 2.________(reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimise the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
3.________(label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia，the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for 4.________(conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life，and the relationship between man and Earth. 5.________ an important part of the research，the expedition is 6.________(particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focused on major scientific 7.________(issue)，such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming，according to Yao Tandong，8.________ is the team leader. “The expedition has realised the 9.________(transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said. So far，many scientific achievements 10.________(make).
高效作业 23　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 2　Bridging Cultures]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When Mark Twain visited Florence in 1867，he dutifully visited the city’s museums，churches，and tombs. But as he stood by the Arno，he began to sense the Italians’ insistence that it was a river，not a stream. “They all call it a river，and they honestly think it is a river. These dark and bloody Florentines do think so，” he complained. “I might enter Florence under happier circumstances a month hence and find it all beautiful，all attractive. But I do not care to think of it now，at all.”
It’s normal to feel uncomfortable outside your home culture. Feelings of discomfort，dislocation，and overload among travellers are referred to by many as “culture shock”. But Susan Goldstein，a professor at the University of Redlands says，“Though the term has existed for many years，‘culture shock’ implies a dramatic，unexpected，negative event. Though many travellers will experience such challenges，a real sense of ‘shock’ is untypical. So untypical that many researchers no longer use the term.”
It was the vivid description of culture shock by Canadian researcher Oberg，written in 1960 in response to his own multicultural experiences，that won over audiences. The researcher spoke of the adjustment process as “an occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transplanted abroad”—a “disease” that progressed from a honeymoon phase，through rejecting the new environment，to finally adjusting fully to it. By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that，like physical illnesses，culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages.
Modern research，however，suggests that the experiences of adaptation are individual，not universal. “People will have their ups and downs，but for the most part，they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time，” Goldstein says. And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself，an individual’s internal expectations and differences are just as important.
As for Mark Twain，the moody author was able to ride out his feelings of upset and dislocation while travelling. He eventually finished his European tour—and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad，famously remarked that travel is “fatal to prejudice and narrow-mindedness”. With the right attitude—and the willingness to seek help if you need it—it’s more than likely that you，too，can adapt and grow in new settings，building new memories—and toughness—with each new stamp in your passport.
(　　)1.How did Mark Twain feel about Italians’ insistence
A.Annoyed. B.Calm.
C.Uninterested. D.Curious.
(　　)2.What can be inferred about culture shock
A.It would lead to physical diseases.
B.It was regarded as an avoidable thing.
C.It was named for people’s adjustment.
D.It had gained wide acceptance by the 1970s.
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Suggestions about culture shock.
B.A change in understanding culture shock.
C.Stress of the importance of culture shock.
D.A criticism of previous idea of culture shock.
(　　)4.Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the last paragraph
A.To remember him.
B.To inform readers of the importance of travelling.
C.To conclude and encourage readers to have the right attitude.
D.To make the ending humorous.
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In this globalised era，it has become more and more common to work，live，befriend，and even create families with people of diverse backgrounds. In this sense，understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other，the less misunderstanding would occur. 1.________.
Recognise cultural differences.
Be as open-minded as possible. Recognise cultural differences among the people you are communicating with.2.________ before you know the person more in depth. It is a way to respect their differences.
Show respect.
3.________. Some cultures show it more physically，like bowing in Japan. Others are less physical，but more on the verbal level，like in most Western cultures. Respect the way people express respect.
Speak clearly.
Speaking clearly means using concrete words，not abstract words，which can often confuse those who speak English as a foreign or second language. Use a calm and soft intonation as well，as people tend to take in information better when listening to a calming tone.
4.________.
With awareness and understanding of cultural differences，asking for clarification should not be hard. Offer clarification as well，so the person would feel you are doing your best to communicate meaningfully.
In short，bridging cultural gaps requires respectful and honest communication where clarifying and asking for clarification should come naturally. 5.________. So is the final quality of the results.
A.Clarify and ask for clarification
B.Here are some suggestions that help
C.These points are not only based on the topic
D.People tend to show respect with polite words
E.The way you communicate is of great importance
F.Every culture has a very special way to show respect
G.Know that the behaviours are based on cultural backgrounds
Ⅲ.完形填空
Haili Smith and her sister，Brooke，have very different tastes in books. Haili likes spine-tingling(紧张刺激的) ones，while Brooke likes fantasy. But they share a 　1　 that kids really like to read about characters they can 　2　. So they started Books Like Me. The non-profit group 　3　 teachers with culturally diverse children’s books.
They desired to cultivate a love for reading in all the children. 　4　，they started to find the books that the children could relate themselves to，which would make the children 　5　. Most of the books have been donated in Florida. But as word 　6　，requests came from schools nationwide.
A book can be a 　7　 to see ourselves in its characters，or a window to help us see from a different 　8　. Haili and Brooke made a list of books 　9　 in various categories and formats. On social media，they asked for donations. They began 　10　 boxes of new books and gave them to schools.
Anitra Carter，who is a teacher in Florida，said her students 　11　 a lot from the donations. “It is wonderful to see a character that looks 　12　 to the students themselves，” Carter says. She believes diverse characters help kids 　13　 the ability to understand others and kids have some knowledge about the experiences of other people when facing 　14　 situations.
Haili says，“It is our 　15　 that all kids can see themselves represented in books so that they can enjoy reading.”
(　　)1. A.concern　　　　 B.story
C.promise D.belief
(　　)2. A.relate to B.build up
C.care about D.compete with
(　　)3. A.takes B.supplies
C.connects D.compares
(　　)4. A.Hence B.Meanwhile
C.Nevertheless D.Furthermore
(　　)5. A.surprised B.depressed
C.relaxed D.interested
(　　)6. A.carried out B.got out
C.ran out D.gave out
(　　)7. A.river B.screen
C.mirror D.lantern
(　　)8. A.frame B.manner
C.position D.angle
(　　)9. A.visible B.available
C.valuable D.adjustable
(　　)10. A.painting B.handling
C.receiving D.producing
(　　)11. A.tried B.distinguished
C.recovered D.benefited
(　　)12. A.similar B.regular
C.strange D.common
(　　)13. A.find B.stimulate
C.develop D.consider
(　　)14. A.open-air B.real-life
C.long-term D.high-quality
(　　)15. A.goal B.foundation
C.capability D.regulation
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Educators and parents agree that cultural diversity adds significant value to any educational environment. It develops global 1.________(aware). Teaching students to be positive global citizens can also influence their academic performance.
The value of cultural exchange in school is more fully realised when an effective international programme is part of the school system. Learning diverse language skills is not the only benefit that can 2.________(obtain). Students gain understanding of the differences and similarities of other cultures. By learning about others，they gain valuable insights into 3.________(they) as well.
Most students have felt like an outsider at one time 4.________ another. With the school’s goal being to help all students “fit in”，5.________is important that an atmosphere of open-mindedness and acceptance 6.________(exist) throughout the learning environment.
Building on global perspectives，educators help students connect the dots between science，social studies，environmental issues and more. For example，if oceanography is a topic of interest，the class might view how science has made a positive impact on countries 7.________ cooperate on the issue，and how they are uniting their efforts to do good.
Parents can also 8.________(active) contribute to class projects that promote global and cultural understanding. If their work involves a housing project，for instance，to improve living conditions in a country 9.________(recover) from an earthquake，sharing their ideas with their child’s class can be very 10.________(benefit).
高效作业 24　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 3　Food and Culture]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Like so many other ABCs (American-born Chinese) and younger first- and second-generation Chinese immigrants，sisters Sarah Leung and Kaitlin Leung reached a point in their adult lives when they started to long for the Chinese food they’d grown up on，but found it really difficult to learn how to prepare it. There was such a “representation gap”，as Sarah puts it，in terms of what kinds of cuisines were noticeably featured in those early days of TV celebrity chefs and the emerging food blogosphere(博客圈).
As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it. Bill，the father，had spent years cooking beef at his family’s Chinese American takeout restaurant. Judy，the mum，was born and raised in Shanghai and had deep knowledge about traditional Shanghainese cooking. Meanwhile，the two sisters had grown up in the New Jersey suburbs，eating their parents’ food，but also growing in America’s own food-obsessed culture.
So，in 2013，the Leungs started The Woks of Life. What distinguished their blog from others was that the intergenerational heritage(传承) of knowledge that the Leungs were so eager for was baked right into the concept—The four family members took turns posting recipes，each sharing their own favourites，tapping into their own areas of expert knowledge.
Kaitlin is proud that The Woks of Life follows a long line of pioneers—folks like Joyce Chen，Martin Yan and Ming Tsai，who first started to bring Chinese home cooking into the mainstream in the US. “We feel proud that we have made a meaningful mark over the past decade，casting light that there’s a huge demand for these recipes，” she says. “It’s about representation，yes，but there’s also a huge demand. Asian Americans expect to reconnect the food of their heritage.”
Five years ago，you wouldn’t have been able to find a ton of Chinese recipes in the food section of The New York Times，Kaitlin notes. Now you can.
(　　)1.What do the underlined words “representation gap” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.The shortage of Chinese chefs.
B.The lack of Chinese food recipes.
C.The gap between young and old ABCs.
D.The difference between chefs and bloggers.
(　　)2.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A.To prove how unique the Leung sisters are.
B.To show why the Leung sisters prefer Chinese food.
C.To point out the Leungs’ advantage to start a food blog.
D.To stress the Leung sisters’ love for home cooking food.
(　　)3.What makes The Woks of Life special
A.The concept of baking food.
B.The large number of followers.
C.The bloggers’ way of posting recipes.
D.The intergenerational heritage of knowledge.
(　　)4.What is the significance of The Woks of Life
A.It strengthens bonds between individuals.
B.It marks the popularity of Chinese cuisine.
C.It has developed many new Chinese recipes.
D.It links Asian Americans with their food tradition.
B
Scenes of a comic character swelling up after eating peanuts in Western TV shows have long been puzzling for many Chinese viewers，as few people in China meet those who have a severe peanut allergy(过敏反应).
Their confusion can be explained by Chinese researchers in a new study that Chinese adults and children are more likely to be allergic to seafood，and less likely to be allergic to peanuts compared to people in the United States and Europe. “Animal-derived(动物源的) foods were the primary offending foods，especially shrimps，and skin symptoms were the most commonly reported unpleasant reactions，” said the study. The difference means that cultural，dietary，industrialisation and biological factors can play an important role in food allergy patterns，it added.
Chen Hongbing，a professor from the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology at Nanchang University，who was involved in the study，said，“For instance，in a previous study on self-reported food allergies among children，seafood topped the list，followed by fish，eggs，fruit and milk.” However，some research also puts wheat as one of the most common allergy triggers among the general population; eggs and milk are considered the most common allergens among infants and young babies. Chen said more research is needed to address these discrepancies(差异性) and to determine if various dietary habits across China result in varied food sensitivity.
Luo Xiaoqun，a doctor who was not involved in the studies at Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University，said that the increasing rate of food allergies is a phenomenon observed worldwide，driven by changes in lifestyles，eating habits，as well as growing health awareness and diagnostic ability.
Reading allergens labelling on food packages is an easy way to protect consumers from potential allergy triggers. However，the labelling of food allergens in China is not obligated currently and labelling largely follows an international food regulations. “China has made improvements in devising food labelling standards in recent years. Hopefully our findings can accelerate the process of making such labelling compulsory in the near future，” Chen said.
(　　)5.What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1
A.To introduce food people are commonly allergic to.
B.To make a comparison between different allergies.
C.To introduce a study about allergies.
D.To describe typical allergy symptoms.
(　　)6.Which of the following doesn’t affect food allergy patterns in the new study
A.Eating habits.
B.Cultural factors.
C.Diagnostic ability.
D.Biological factors.
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Results. B.Patterns.
C.Reactions. D.Causes.
(　　)8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.China has popularised food labelling in recent years.
B.The findings have speeded up the process of food labelling.
C.Professor Chen expects a promising future of food labelling.
D.China makes no progress in making food labelling.
Ⅱ.完形填空
The number of times I’ve been asked how I became a food and travel writer is too many to count. Frankly，I’m not exactly sure how to 　1　. Eating is a necessary part of life，and I appreciate good 　2　，whether it’s chicken and rice served from a hawker stand or a perfect dish in a Michelin-starred restaurant.
I’m not a 　3　 writer of food，since I 　4　 review restaurants in the traditional sense. Instead，I’m more interested in food’s 　5　 and what it reveals about cultures. For instance，how did Mexican cacao get to Europe，and how did the Czech kolache find its way to Central Texas Knowing the 　6　 behind such things is a 　7　 in history that goes far beyond a pretty dish presented on a plate.
There’s not a more 　8　 way to get a taste of a place than by taking food-themed tours. Many tours include market visits，which are the best way to experience life as a(n) 　9　. Markets are the hearts of communities and reveal not only the way a culture eats，but also how they 　10　 and interact.
Traditions and culture are deeply 　11　 food and through cooking lessons. The number of cooking classes that I’ve 　12　 around the world can’t be counted. Now，I’m no Alain Ducasse in the kitchen，and rarely do I 　13　 at home. However，including these types of classes into my journey is something that I 　14　. And even though the acquired cooking skills don’t translate back to my home kitchen，the cultural 　15　 still resonates(引起共鸣).
(　　)1. A.write　　　　　 B.recommend
C.count D.answer
(　　)2. A.food B.environment
C.appearance D.mood
(　　)3. A.talented B.typical
C.famous D.creative
(　　)4. A.usually B.currently
C.always D.rarely
(　　)5. A.origins B.impacts
C.sources D.products
(　　)6. A.path B.reason
C.story D.intention
(　　)7. A.research B.mark
C.lesson D.change
(　　)8. A.complex B.delicious
C.natural D.enormous
(　　)9. A.shopper B.observer
C.critic D.local
(　　)10. A.feel B.travel
C.communicate D.respond
(　　)11. A.included in B.rooted in
C.kept in D.applied in
(　　)12. A.taken B.delivered
C.heard D.judged
(　　)13. A.serve B.comment
C.work D.cook
(　　)14. A.enjoy B.avoid
C.risk D.regret
(　　)15. A.identity B.difference
C.understanding D.background
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，1.________(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one，you have to decide whether 2.________(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出)，3.________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
Shanghai may be the 4.________(recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed 5.________ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 6.________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7.________(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8.________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them，one steamer is 9.________(rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left 10.________(want) more next time.
高效作业 25　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 4　Journey Across a Vast Land]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
On the rocky beach，Shiwak butchers the seal with precision，turning the water red as a crow flew overhead. As a boy，he learned to hunt and fish from his father and grandfather，who had learned from their elders. It is also how Shiwak learned the core Inuit(因纽特人的) values of taking only what is needed，sharing，sustainability and respect for nature—values he is passing down to his children.
Shiwak has hunted for years in the waters of Lake Melville，close to the Inuit community of Rigolet in Nunatsiavut，an autonomous area in Canada. But while traditional knowledge has allowed Inuit to survive in this severe environment for a long time，the climatic conditions are changing quickly. Since 1950，Nunatsiavut has lost 40 days of ground snow a year. Its sea ice is disappearing faster than anywhere in the Canadian Arctic. By November，the shoreline would usually be covered in ice，and people would be putting away their boats and dusting off their snowmobiles. In his lifetime，Shiwak has witnessed the winters becoming warmer，wetter，and shorter.
There is very little local people can do about that： although the region is roughly the size of the Republic of Ireland，Nunatsiavut’s population is less than 3，000，spread among five small towns. What they can do，however，is working to protect what they have. That’s why Nunatsiavut is partnering the Canadian government to co-develop the world’s first Inuit protected area. Built on Inuit values and culture，this new type of conservation area would allow local people to continue traditional practices of hunting and fishing.
“Just that we’re small doesn’t mean we can’t do anything，” says James Goudie，deputy minister of lands and natural resources in the Nunatsiavut government. “We can show the world that a small region can protect a massive amount of biodiversity.” The Inuit protected area would only cover about a third of Nunatsiavut’s offshore waters，but the region is home to important populations of fish，the breeding grounds for many migratory birds，and the habitat of Arctic marine mammals.
(　　)1.How do Inuit people learn their core values
A.By enhancing their hunting skills.
B.By receiving general school education.
C.By appreciating the gifts of nature.
D.By passing them down from generation to generation.
(　　)2.What makes it more difficult for the Inuit to survive
A.Their small population.
B.Climate change.
C.Their conventional knowledge.
D.The overuse of resources.
(　　)3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A.The Inuit knowledge of surviving is disappearing.
B.The number of Canadian Inuit has dramatically increased.
C.The region is too large in comparison with the Republic of Ireland.
D.The new protected area will help maintain the traditional Inuit way of life.
(　　)4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A.The Inuit take an unsustainable way of life.
B.The population of Canadian Inuit is more than that of the Republic of Ireland.
C.Nunatsiavut plans to create a conservation area for the Inuit.
D.Nunatsiavut contributes a lot to the diverse culture in Canada.
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us have a map of the world in our mind that we use anytime we think about places. 1.________ In fact，many of the maps in our heads share the same errors，some of which are quite large and surprisingly resistant to correction.
For example，we all believe that South America is just south of North America，of course. But you may be surprised by the fact that virtually the entire South American continent is east of Florida. There are lots of possible reasons for geographical misconceptions like this one，says cartographer(地图绘制员) John Nelson. 2.________ After all it’s not called Southeast America.
Europe is also often placed much farther south on mental maps than it really is. But it actually lines up better with Canada. 3.________ Western Europe is relatively warm for its latitude(纬度) thanks to the Gulf Stream which brings warmer water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic. The warmer temperatures are more similar to the climate of the lower 48 states than Canada’s.
4.________ We also have misconceptions about the relative size of things. This may be due in part to the nature of 2D maps. Flattening a 3D globe onto a flat surface isn’t possible without some distortion(变形). This is especially obvious for maps that use certain projections.
Mercator maps distort the shape and relative size of continents，particularly near the poles. This is why Greenland appears to be similar in size to all of South America on Mercator maps. 5._______
A.Locations aren’t the only way our mental maps can be wrong.
B.But these mental maps aren’t necessarily dependable.
C.Nelson says that climate might play a role in this misunderstanding.
D.In fact，South America is more than eight times larger than Greenland.
E.He believes the misplaced Americas may be partly a result of their names.
F.However，our physical experience of the world may come into play as well.
G.None of these geographic misconceptions would be surprising for a student.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Two Canadian cyclists with Parkinson’s disease took an 8，000-kilometre journey across Canada. They rode for a good 　1　. This dynamic team wanted to 　2　other people with Parkinson’s disease to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life.
Steve Iseman and Jim Redmond 　3　 their bike tour on June 25，2022，in Victoria，British Columbia. They were both physically 　4　 before they were diagnosed with early Parkinson’s disease. Instead of 　5　 themselves to sadness，they felt determined to keep active. Also，knowing people with Parkinson’s disease tend to be　6　to get on a bike and live in loneliness，they wanted to convey this 　7　 during their ride： Believe in yourself and you are more　8　 than you think.
“If you feel muscle weakness，add pedal-assist to the ride. If cycling doesn’t 　9　 you，there are so many other activities. The 　10　 line is that you must get moving and do an activity，despite your fears and the voice inside your head 　11　 ‘I can’t，’” said Iseman.
On August 2，the riders were over halfway through their three-month ride. They were being　12　 by local news stations along the way，　13　 to get the word out and to raise money for research. “The rewards of riding are　14　，being great for mind，body，and mood. You just feel the freedom and 　15　coming back，” said Iseman.
(　　)1. A.source　　　　　 B.cause
C.identity D.occasion
(　　)2. A.instruct B.enable
C.allow D.inspire
(　　)3. A.kicked off B.put off
C.crossed out D.picked up
(　　)4. A.fit B.weak
C.challenged D.injured
(　　)5. A.accustoming B.adapting
C.abandoning D.applying
(　　)6. A.careful B.curious
C.afraid D.proud
(　　)7. A.option B.method
C.situation D.message
(　　)8. A.different B.capable
C.creative D.sensitive
(　　)9. A.suit B.tire
C.bear D.transform
(　　)10. A.beginning B.finish
C.ceiling D.bottom
(　　)11. A.recalling B.complaining
C.insisting D.trembling
(　　)12. A.interrupted B.interviewed
C.annoyed D.investigated
(　　)13. A.hoping B.pretending
C.failing D.refusing
(　　)14. A.insignificant B.improper
C.boundless D.fruitless
(　　)15. A.justice B.fame
C.status D.joy
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Canada—a Land of Diversity
Canada，which impresses people with its breathtaking beauty，richness and distinct cultures，1.________(be) a huge and beautiful country. Canada 2.________(make) up of ten provinces and three territories with diversity in geography，among 3.________ there are Rocky Mountains，ancient glaciers，national parks，the great Niagara Falls and so on.
Besides its 4.________(geography) diversity，Canada also reflects the diversity of its residents and a vast 5.________(combine) of ethnic groups today. And cultural diversity comes in turn with this ethnic variety. For example，you can celebrate the Chinese New Year in Vancouver，enjoy the 6.________(origin) French-style architecture in Montreal and appreciate the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers in Nova Scotia. 7.________(expose) to these cultural differences，you may feel going through time and space. 8.________(give) these differences，it is not surprising that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day.
9.________ makes Canada a unique country is its natural wonders，ethnic groups and their cultures. Indeed，the UN has ranked it 10.________ one of the best countries to live in.
高效作业 26　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 5　First Aid]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
FREE ONLINE FIRST-AID COURSES
Welcome to our online first-aid courses. Anyone can take this training online and learn more about life-saving first aid. We provide this first-aid training for no charge.
Simply work your way through our online first-aid modules below. You must be logged in to access the course material. If you don’t have an account，then please register.
The basic online first-aid course
Below are the modules for our basic online first-aid course. You do not have to take them in a specific order. However，if you are totally new to first aid，it may help to start at the beginning.
At the end of each module，there is a first-aid test where you can test your knowledge. Once you’ve completed all the modules，you can download a free first-aid certificate.
Module 1 Introduction to First Aid
Module 2 The Unconscious Victim
Module 3 Bleeding and Shock
Module 4 Burns
Please remember to mark all the modules as completed otherwise you will not be able to download your basic first-aid certificate. Modules marked as completed will have a green tick next to them above.
The advanced online first-aid course
Completed the above course Why not check out our new free online advanced first-aid course This course will build upon the training and content in the basic first-aid course above and will help further your knowledge on topics such as：
* Medical conditions
* Minor injuries
* Patient assessment
* Clinical observations
* The roles and responsibilities of a first aider
As always，you will receive a free first-aid certificate once you complete the advanced course.
(　　)1.What is a must to learn this online courses
A.Offering a small fee for the training.
B.Having an account on this website.
C.Learning the course in the required order.
D.Taking a first-aid test before the course.
(　　)2.Which module provides knowledge about a bloody nose
A.Module 1. B.Module 2.
C.Module 3. D.Module 4.
(　　)3.What can we know about the advanced online first-aid course
A.It provides a paid certificate of honour.
B.It is intended for professional medical workers.
C.It teaches people how to judge patients’ condition.
D.It has nothing to do with basic first-aid knowledge.
B
A tragic case of Kitty Genovese，who was killed，happened in New York in 1964. However，subsequent investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening，but did nothing to intervene. This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a well-known psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to someone when other people are present. The more people there are，the less likely they are to help.
None of us like to think we’d walk on by when someone needed our help. But sometimes we behave in ways we wouldn’t expect when faced with a situation we are unsure about. While we might like to think we would rush to someone’s assistance，we know from studies that often people hang back. Research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not give first aid if they saw someone collapse on the street，with some even admitting they wouldn’t call an ambulance.
There are various factors contributing to this effect—people think that others will get involved. Afterwards people often say they did not feel qualified or important enough to be the one to intervene. It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance”—since everyone is not reacting to the emergency，they don’t need to，either; it’s not serious because no one else is doing anything.
Other studies have shown that once people are aware of the bystander effect，they are less likely to be affected by it. Self-awareness is the best solution to it. When facing an emergency，think to yourself how you would behave if you were on your own. Ignore everyone else and go with your gut(直觉)—If you’d run for help，do it. If that’s how you would have behaved when you were on your own，then that’s probably the right course of action. The worst that can happen is that you’ll look a little foolish at having overreacted. You might also save someone’s life.
(　　)4.What is the author’s purpose in telling us about the case of Genovese
A.To show the high frequency of killing.
B.To highlight the indifference of bystanders.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage.
D.To lead to the investigations.
(　　)5.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A.No one would like to admit the truth.
B.People tend to help when no people are present.
C.Few people will encounter uncertain situations.
D.Many people will not rush to help in an emergency.
(　　)6.What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The consequences of the phenomenon.
B.The reactions to different accidents.
C.The seriousness of an emergency.
D.The reasons for not helping.
(　　)7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Don’t Be a Bystander
B.Life-Saving Response
C.The Importance of First Aid
D.Reactions in Emergencies
Ⅱ.完形填空
Torrie，16，and her friend Azarria were driving back home when another car hit them. When Torrie opened her eyes，she 　1　 their car had been pushed into a tree. There came 　2　 from the gathering crowd as the car was smoking. Torrie’s door wouldn’t open，but her window became an escape 　3　.
“Everyone ran away，fearing the car was going to 　4　. But turning around，I didn’t see Azarria. I ran back and saw she was 　5　 in the back seat. I decided to help her out of the 　6　. I didn’t know how I made it. I just became stronger at that moment，” she says. She 　7　 a bystander to call 911 and started CPR.
After 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths，Azarria began to show 　8　 of life. Just then，the paramedics 　9　 to rush Azarria to the nearest hospital.
　10　 for both girls，their Lakewood High School offers a First-Aid Skills class taught by Erika Miller. Torrie had earned her 　11　 in the class just the day before this accident.
“I was absolutely astonished，” Erika says. “In my years of teaching，I never 　12　 a student would finish the course and in 24 hours have to 　13　 CPR on her friend.”
“I was grateful to Torrie，but I wasn’t surprised.” Azarria says. “She would have done that for anyone. That’s just 　14　 of her.”
“First-aid training should be a(n) 　15　 in schools，” Torrie says. “It can make a difference between life and death.”
(　　)1. A.examined　　　 B.recognised
C.determined D.panicked
(　　)2. A.antiques B.breakthroughs
C.solutions D.screams
(　　)3. A.route B.frame
C.release D.motion
(　　)4. A.proceed B.explode
C.slip D.crash
(　　)5. A.noble B.humble
C.swollen D.unconscious
(　　)6. A.highlight B.duration
C.chaos D.insight
(　　)7. A.instructed B.stimulated
C.alarmed D.disturbed
(　　)8. A.symbols B.routines
C.luxuries D.signs
(　　)9. A.blew up B.relied on
C.rolled up D.carried on
(　　)10. A.Fortunately B.Literally
C.Particularly D.Urgently
(　　)11. A.barrier B.certificate
C.deadline D.living
(　　)12. A.defended B.grasped
C.anticipated D.dominated
(　　)13. A.perform B.cast
C.cite D.expose
(　　)14. A.awesome B.elegant
C.fond D.typical
(　　)15. A.intervention B.requirement
C.exception D.perspective
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I recommend that everyone should have at least several rolls of the medical stretch wrap(弹力绷带) for wounds at hand，1.________ is excellent at holding gauze(纱布) in place against a wound. The wrap can 2.________(pull) as tight or loose as you want. It can stretch twice or double its length and it can return to its original length at the same time. The best thing 3.________(stop) the bleeding during an emergency is apply adequate pressure. Get some gauze or whatever clean material to cover the wound. If necessary，push down on the wound harder to apply 4.________(much) pressure against the bleeding. For minor to moderate bleeding wounds，ordinary gauze and wrap will get the job done.
Some time ago，I had my hand 5.________(wound) with a screwdriver(螺丝刀) accidentally. Just 6.________ it happened，I reminded myself that if the screwdriver slipped，I would get hurt. Fortunately，I keep all essential first-aid 7.________(supply) on one specific shelf，which saves my trouble of searching for what I might need during 8.________ emergency.
I used some hydrogen peroxide(双氧水) to clean the wound out. I held the folded 4×4 gauze onto the wound and finished by 9.________(wrap) it tightly. I fully recovered from the 10.________(injure) quite soon.
高效作业22　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 1　Science and Scientists]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了被称为“加沙牛顿”的15岁少年发明了为帐篷提供照明的装置的故事。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Gaza， a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market， he created small wind turbines to produce electricity， earning him the nickname ‘Newton’ of Gaza.(在加沙，一个名叫Hussam Al-Attar的15岁男孩因他的装置获得认可，该装置为他和家人共用的帐篷提供电力。他利用二手市场上的两台风扇，制造了小型风力涡轮机发电，并因此获得了加沙‘牛顿’的绰号。)”可知，他因为发明了可以为临时帐篷发电的装置而获得加沙“牛顿”的称号。故选D。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He was able to climb onto the roof to set up two fans， one above the other. The wind can turn the fans， which produce small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also built switches to control a lighting system made out of wood.(他能够爬到屋顶上安装两台风扇，一个在另一个上面。风可以转动风扇，产生少量的电力。然后，他将风扇连接到电线上，并建造了一个充电站。Al-Attar还制造了开关来控制由木头制成的照明系统。)”及第三段“He said his first two attempts failed and it took him a while to develop a working system. ‘I started developing it further， bit by bit， until I was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent that we are living in， so that the tent will have light，’ he added.(他说他的前两次尝试都失败了，他花了一段时间才开发出一个可行的系统。他补充说：‘我开始慢慢地进一步发展，直到我能够将电线穿过房间延伸到我们住的帐篷，这样帐篷就有光了。’)”可推测，他在研发制作这个装置过程中付出了巨大的努力。故选C。
3.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We here are living in darkness and tragedy， and rockets are falling on us. Therefore I thought of creating light， and did so(我们这里生活在黑暗和悲剧之中，火箭弹落在我们身上，因此我想到创造光明，我也这样做了)”可知，他想给这些生活在战火中的难民们带来希望，这促使他做这件事。故选B。
4.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In Gaza， a 15-year-old boy named Hussam Al-Attar has gained recognition for his device that provides electricity to light the tent he shares with his family. Using two fans from a resale market， he created small wind turbines to produce electricity， earning him the nickname ‘Newton’ of Gaza.(在加沙，一个名叫Hussam Al-Attar的15岁男孩因他的装置获得认可，该装置为他和家人共用的帐篷提供电力。他利用从二手市场上买来的两台风扇，制造了小型风力涡轮机发电，并因此获得了加沙‘牛顿’的绰号。)”及第二段中的“We here are living in darkness and tragedy， and rockets are falling on us. Therefore I thought of creating light， and did so(我们这里生活在黑暗和悲剧之中，火箭弹落在我们身上，因此我想到创造光明，我也这样做了)”可知，本文主要介绍了加沙男孩造出了一套涡轮发电装置，为生活在帐篷里的难民带来光明，被人称为“加沙牛顿”。A项概括了小男孩的事迹，为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
B
【文本大意】文章以通俗易懂的方式介绍了人体释放的挥发性有机化合物与健康状况之间的关系，解释了这些化学物质的来源、它们如何揭示健康信息以及科研人员如何利用这些信息探索疾病诊断的可能性。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These VOCs originate from the body’s metabolic(新陈代谢的) processes and are excreted(排泄) through skin glands.(这些挥发性有机化合物来源于人体的新陈代谢过程，并通过皮肤腺体排出体外。)”可知，挥发性有机化合物来源于我们身体的新陈代谢过程。故选B。
6.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“Animals with advanced sense of smell， like dogs， have demonstrated they can detect various types of cancer in humans. Although these scents are often undetectable to the human nose， they provide evidence that our bodies emit different scents when something is wrong.(具有高级嗅觉的动物，如狗，已经证明它们可以检测出人类的各种癌症。虽然这些气味通常是人的鼻子无法察觉的，但它们提供了证据，表明我们的身体在出现问题时会发出不同的气味。)”可知，作者提到像狗这样的动物是为了强调挥发性有机化合物作为疾病诊断标志物的潜力，因为这些动物能嗅出人类身上的不同疾病，说明挥发性有机化合物确实携带了与健康状况相关的信息。故选C。
7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“So， who knows—maybe one day we will be able to detect diseases simply by breathing into a device.(所以，谁知道呢——也许有一天我们可以通过只对着一个设备呼吸来检测疾病。)”可推断出，未来可能产生的技术是能够通过分析挥发性有机化合物来诊断疾病的设备。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【文本大意】历史上有很多女性取得了杰出的成就，可是她们的名字和故事却很少被公众知晓。物理学家 Jess Wade想通过自己的努力来改变这一状况。
1.C　根据上文中的“female scientists， engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”可知，此处指“她们取得了巨大的成就”。A.ambition抱负；B.potential潜力；C.achievement成就；D.demand需求。故选C。
2.C　虽然这些女科学家、工程师和数学家的成就是巨大的，但是她们的故事却很少被公众知晓。A.naturally自然地；B.permanently永久地；C.rarely很少；D.regularly定期地。故选C。
3.A　物理学家Jess Wade 想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事。A.share分享；B.choose选择；C.read阅读；D.appreciate欣赏。故选A。
4.B　她想出了一种独特的方式：撰写维基百科页面。A.think little of不重视；B.come up with想出；C.pass down把……往下传；D.leave out遗漏。故选B。
5.D　Wade 告诉CBS新闻，虽然与男性相比，科学领域的女性人数较少，但她总是能找到该领域的榜样。A.goal目标；B.progress进步；C.responsibility责任；D.number数量。故选D。
6.B　根据下文中的“an inspiring woman in science，Kim Cobb”可知，Wade总是有榜样的。A.concept概念；B.role model榜样；C.safety rule安全规则；D.follower追随者。故选B。
7.C　当Wade还是一名研究生时，她遇到了一位科学上的鼓舞人心的女性，布朗大学的气候科学家Kim Cobb。A.refer to提到；B.turn down拒绝；C.run across偶然遇见；D.take in吸收。故选C。
8.A　根据上文中的“an inspiring woman”和“a climate scientist”可知，Wade认为Kim Cobb是一个了不起的人。A.awesome很好的，了不起的；B.ordinary普通的；C.serious严肃的；D.patient有耐心的。故选A。
9.D　当Wade稍微搜索了一下时，她找不到任何关于她的信息。A.remember记住；B.identify认出；C.offer提供；D.find找到。故选D。
10.A　Wade渴望的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有，因此Wade才想出来给著名女性写维基百科页面的主意。A.desire渴望；B.accept接受；C.recommend推荐；D.acknowledge承认。故选A。
11.D　这就是Wade如何得到这个想法的——开始为科学领域还没有维基百科页面的不同人士撰写维基百科页面。A.help帮助；B.order订单；C.belief信仰；D.idea想法，主意。故选D。
12.A　在她的空闲时间，Wade搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A.collect收集；B.post发布；C.manage设法做成；D.correct纠正。故选A。
13.C　Wade现在在科学界闯出了名气，她知道如果没有前辈，她就不会有今天的成就。A.suggestion建议；B.will意志；C.name名声，名誉；D.request要求。make a name for oneself为固定搭配，意为“出名”，符合语境。故选C。
14.B　她说：“我们都能发挥作用使科学成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。” A.make制作；B.play参加；C.select选择；D.decide决定。play a role为固定搭配，意为“发挥作用，有影响”，符合语境。故选B。
15.A　Wade为不为大众知晓的女性科学家撰写维基百科页面，是为了让公众知道她们，是为了让科学成为一个更多样化、更公平的地方。A.fairer更公平的；B.safer更安全的；C.quieter更安静的；D.wider更宽的。故选A。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【文本大意】文章报道了中国科学家对珠穆朗玛峰进行的多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，并优化生态安全屏障系统。
1.A　考查冠词。句意：共有170名科学家对水、生态和人类活动进行研究，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，并优化生态安全屏障系统。a total of 意为“总共”；位于句首，首字母应大写。故填A。
2.to reveal　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”。故填to reveal。
3.Labelled　考查非谓语动词。句意：青藏高原被誉为世界屋脊、亚洲水塔，是中国重要的生态安全屏障。分析句子结构可知，label需用非谓语动词形式，它和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，因此label用过去分词形式作状语；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Labelled。
4.conducting　考查非谓语动词。句意：它也是研究地球和生命进化以及人与地球关系的天然实验室。conduct用动名词形式作介词for的宾语。故填conducting。
5.As　考查介词。句意：作为研究的重要组成部分，该考察对研究珠穆朗玛峰地区气候和环境变化对世界其他地区的影响尤为重要。表示“作为”，应用as；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。
6.particularly　考查副词。句意同上。副词particularly作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。
7.issues　考查名词。句意：据团队队长姚檀栋介绍，此次考察的重点是重大科学问题，如珠穆朗玛峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变化的。空处作focused on的宾语，且issue前无限定词，因此用复数形式。故填issues。
8.who　考查定语从句。句意同上。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
9.transformation　考查名词。句意：他说：“这次考察实现了从‘我想征服你’到‘我想了解你’的转变，实现了新技术的应用，产生了重要的国际影响。” 空处作宾语，应用名词transformation，意为“转变”，为不可数名词。故填transformation。
10.have been made　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经取得了许多科学成果。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时，主语achievements与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been made。
高效作业23　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 2　Bridging Cultures]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【文本大意】本文主要探讨“文化冲击”的概念、人们对异国他乡适应过程的理解以及通过旅行获得成长和新的体验的可能性。
1.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘They all call it a river， and they honestly think it is a river. These dark and bloody Florentines do think so，’ he complained.(‘他们都说它是一条河，而且他们真的认为它是一条河，这些黑暗、血腥的佛罗伦萨人就是这样认为的，’他抱怨道。)”可推断，马克·土温对意大利人的坚持感到恼怒。故选A。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“By the 1970s many researchers adopted the idea that， like physical illnesses， culture shock progressed through a remarkably consistent and universal set of stages.(到20世纪70年代，许多研究人员接受了这样一种观点，即像身体疾病一样，文化冲击的发展经历了一系列非常一致和普遍的阶段。)”可知，到20世纪70年代，文化冲击得到了广泛的接受。故选D。
3.B　主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“People will have their ups and downs， but for the most part， they will become increasingly comfortable and competent over time(人们会有起起落落，但在大多数情况下，随着时间的推移，他们会变得越来越舒适和有能力)”和“And while many connect the causes of culture shock to the host culture itself， an individual’s internal expectations and differences are just as important.(虽然许多人将文化冲击的原因与东道国文化本身联系起来，但个人的内在期望和差异也同样重要。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是对文化冲击理解的改变。故选B。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He eventually finished his European tour—and in his bestselling travel memoir The Innocents Abroad， famously remarked that travel is ‘fatal to prejudice and narrow-mindedness’. With the right attitude—and the willingness to seek help if you need it—it’s more than likely that you， too， can adapt and grow in new settings， building new memories—and toughness—with each new stamp in your passport.(他最终结束了他的欧洲之旅——在他最畅销的旅行回忆录《傻子出国记》中，他有一句名言：旅行‘是偏见和狭隘的杀手’。有了正确的态度——以及在需要时寻求帮助的意愿——你也很有可能在新的环境中适应和成长，在你护照上的每一个新印记上建立新的记忆和韧性。)”可知，最后一段提到马克·土温的目的是总结全文，鼓励读者采取正确的态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
【文本大意】本文主要介绍了弥合不同群体之间的文化差异的几条建议。
1.B　上文“In this sense， understanding how to bridge cultural gaps among various diverse groups is important. The better we understand each other， the less misunderstanding would occur.”提到理解如何弥合不同群体之间的文化差距是很重要的。我们彼此了解得越多，误解就会越少；下文给出了具体建议。B项“Here are some suggestions that help(以下是一些有帮助的建议)”符合语境。故选B。
2.G　根据本段小标题“Recognise cultural differences.(认识到文化差异。)”可知，本段主要建议要认识到文化差异。G项“Know that the behaviours are based on cultural backgrounds(要知道这些行为是基于文化背景的)”符合语境，cultural为关键信息。故选G。
3.F　根据下文“Some cultures show it more physically， like bowing in Japan.(有些文化更注重身体上的表现，比如日本的鞠躬)。”可知，下文举例说到不同的文化有不同的表达尊重的方式。F项“Every culture has a very special way to show respect(每种文化都有一种表达尊重的特殊方式)”符合语境。故选F。
4.A　空处是本段的小标题。根据下文“With awareness and understanding of cultural differences， asking for clarification should not be hard. Offer clarification as well， so the person would feel you are doing your best to communicate meaningfully.(有了对文化差异的认识和理解，要求澄清应该不难。同时也提供澄清，这样对方会觉得你在尽最大努力进行有意义的沟通。)”可知，本段主要强调澄清的意义。A项“Clarify and ask for clarification(澄清并要求澄清)”最能概括本段主旨。故选A。
5.E　上文“In short， bridging cultural gaps requires respectful and honest communication where clarifying and asking for clarification should come naturally.(简言之，弥合文化差距需要尊重和诚实的沟通，澄清和要求澄清应该是自然而然的。)”强调了沟通的方式。E项“The way you communicate is of great importance.(你的沟通方式非常重要。)”与下文“So is the final quality of the results.(沟通的最终质量也重要。)”为语义上的并列关系，符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【文本大意】Haili和Brooke成立了非营利组织Books Like Me，为教师提供多元文化的儿童书籍，培养孩子们对阅读的热爱。
1.D　但她们有一个共同的看法，即孩子们很喜欢阅读可以与之产生共鸣的角色。A. concern担忧；B. story故事；C. promise承诺；D. belief看法，信念。故选D。
2.A　根据第4个空后的关键信息“children could relate themselves to” 可知，孩子们喜欢阅读能和自己产生共鸣的书。 A. relate to能够理解并同情；B. build up建立；C. care about关心；D. compete with与……竞争。故选A。
3.B　这个非营利组织为教师提供具有文化多样性的儿童图书。A. take拿；
B. supply提供；C. connect联系；D. compare比较。supply sb with sth为固定短语，意为“为某人提供某物”，符合语境。故选B。
4.A　因此，她们开始寻找与孩子们相关的书籍。A. hence因此；B. meanwhile与此同时；C. nevertheless然而；D.furthermore此外。故选A。
5.D　与孩子相关的书，必然会让孩子们产生兴趣。A. surprised惊讶的；
B. depressed沮丧的；C. relaxed放松的；D. interested感兴趣的。故选D。
6.B　但消息传开后，全国各地的学校都发起了请求(即想要这些书)。A. carry out执行；B. get out泄露，被人知道；C. run out用完；D. give out分发。故选B。
7.C　根据空后的关键信息“see ourselves”可知，一本书可以成为一面镜子，让我们在其中看到自己。A. river河流；B. screen屏幕；C. mirror镜子；
D. lantern灯笼。故选C。
8.D　一本书也能成为一个窗口，让我们从不同角度看待事物。A. frame 框架；B. manner方式；C. position位置；D. angle角度。故选D。
9.B　Haili和Brooke在各个类别和版式中列出了一些可获得的书籍。A. visible可见的；B. available可获得的；C. valuable有价值的；D. adjustable 可调整的。故选B。
10.C　她们开始接收成箱的新书，并将其分发给学校。A. paint绘画；B. handle处理；C. receive接收；D. produce生产。故选C。
11.D　她的学生从捐赠中获益很多。A. try尝试；B. distinguish区别；C. recover恢复；D. benefit受益。故选D。
12.A　Carter说：“看到一个与学生自己相似的角色是很美好的。” A. similar 相似的；B. regular有规律的；C. strange奇怪的；D. common 普通的。故选A。
13.C　她认为，不同的角色有助于孩子们发展理解他人的能力。A. find发现；B. stimulate激发；C. develop发展；D. consider考虑。故选C。
14.B　孩子们在面对现实生活中的情况时，也会对其他人的经历有所了解。
A. open-air露天的；B. real-life现实生活的；C. long-term长期的；D. high-quality高质量的。故选B。
15.A　Haili说：“我们的目标是让所有孩子都能在书中看到自己的身影，享受阅读。” A. goal目标；B. foundation基础；C. capability能力；D. regulation规定。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【文本大意】教育工作者和家长一致认为，文化多样性给任何教育环境都增加了重要的价值。本文主要介绍了文化多样性的好处。
1.awareness　考查名词。句意：它培养全球意识。此处应用名词awareness表示“意识”，作宾语。故填awareness。
2.be obtained　考查被动语态。句意：学习多种语言技能并不是可以获得的唯一的好处。动词obtain意为“获得”，和其逻辑主语benefit之间构成被动关系，情态动词can后应用动词原形。故填be obtained。
3.themselves　考查代词。句意：通过了解他人，他们也获得了对自己的宝贵见解。当宾语和主语指代同一对象时，应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
4.or　考查连词。句意：大多数学生都曾有过局外人的感觉。at one time or another意为“曾经，有时”。故填or。
5.it　考查it作形式主语。句意：学校的目标是帮助所有学生“融入”，因此在整个学习环境中营造一种开放和包容的氛围是很重要的。此处that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，应用it作形式主语。故填it。
6.exists　考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，主语atmosphere为单数。故填exists。
7.which/that　考查定语从句。句意：例如，如果海洋学是一个感兴趣的话题，这门课可能会看到科学如何对在这个问题上合作的国家产生积极的影响，以及它们如何团结起来做好事。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为countries ，所以应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
8.actively　考查副词。句意：家长也可以积极参与促进全球和文化理解的课堂项目。修饰短语动词contribute to应用副词，actively意为“积极地”，在此处作状语。故填actively。
9.recovering　考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，如果他们的工作涉及住房项目，这个项目是为了改善一个从地震中恢复的国家的生活条件，那么与孩子的班级分享他们的想法将非常有益。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为involves，因此空处为非谓语动词，它和其逻辑主语country之间构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填recovering。
10.beneficial　考查形容词。句意同上。此处是指与孩子的班级分享他们的想法将非常有益，作表语应用形容词beneficial，意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
高效作业24　[选择性必修第二册　Unit 3　Food and Culture]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【文本大意】文章主要讲述了年轻一代的美国华裔在做中国菜时遇到的困难以及The Woks of Life博客的诞生。
1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，像许多其他在美国出生的华人和年轻一代的第一代和第二代中国移民一样，Sarah Leung和Kaitlin Leung这两位姐妹在成年后也渴望吃到自己从小吃到大的中国菜，但发现很难学会如何准备。正如Sarah所说的那样，在电视名厨和新兴博客圈早期的那些日子里，哪些菜肴明显受到关注，存在“代表性差距”。由此可推知，Sarah所说的早期电视名厨和新兴的美食博客圈中的“代表性差距”就是没有中餐食谱。故选B。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As it turns out， though， the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.(然而，事实证明，梁家姐妹有独特的条件来解决这个问题。)”以及下文的叙述可知，本段介绍了为什么梁一家人有条件创建博客来改变当时人们没有途径学习烹饪中餐的情况。故选C。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What distinguished their blog from others was that the intergenerational heritage (传承) of knowledge that the Leungs were so eager for was baked right into the concept—The four family members took turns posting recipes， each sharing their own favourites， tapping into their own areas of expert knowledge.(他们的博客与其他博客的区别在于，梁家姐妹渴望的跨代知识传承被直接融入了这个概念——四位家庭成员轮流发布食谱，分享各自的最爱，挖掘各自的专业知识领域。)”可知，他们的博客与其他博客的不同之处在于，跨代知识传承被融入了这个观念。故选D。
4.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Asian Americans expect to reconnect the food of their heritage.(亚裔美国人希望重新与他们的传统食物建立联系。)”可知，这个博客让亚裔美国人和他们的饮食传统建立起联系。故选D。
B
【文本大意】文章主要介绍了一项关于过敏的研究，中国人更易对海鲜而非花生过敏，研究显示，饮食、文化等多重因素影响过敏模式。专家呼吁加强对食物过敏原的认识及完善标签规定，以应对全球食物过敏率的上升趋势。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“Scenes of a comic character swelling up after eating peanuts in Western TV shows have long been puzzling for many Chinese viewers， as few people in China meet those who have a severe peanut allergy(过敏反应).(在西方电视剧中，经常出现角色吃下花生后肿胀的场景，这让许多中国观众感到困惑，因为在现实中，中国人很少遇到患有严重花生过敏的人。)”及第二段中的“Their confusion can be explained by Chinese researchers in a new study(中国研究人员的一项新的研究可以解释他们的困惑)”可推知，第一段的目的是引出一项关于过敏的研究。故选C。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The difference means that cultural， dietary， industrialisation and biological factors can play an important role in food allergy patterns(这种差异意味着文化、饮食、工业化和生物学因素在食物过敏模式中起着重要作用)”可知，饮食习惯、文化因素和生物因素都会影响食物过敏模式，而C项“诊断能力”在这项新的研究中并未提及。故选C。
7.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“eggs and milk are considered the most common allergens among infants and young babies.(鸡蛋和牛奶则被认为是婴幼儿中最常见的过敏原。)”可知，画线词所在句意为“一些研究还认为小麦是普通人群中最常见

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