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2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班单元重点词汇导学讲义
Book 2 Unit 2
编写人： 2025.11.12
1. congratulation n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺
a letter of congratulation 贺信
offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺
congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事
congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
congratulate sb. on/upon/for (doing) sth 因（做某事祝贺某人）
【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。
【练一练】恭喜你们结婚！我们真为你们高兴。
Congratulations on your wedding! We’re so happy for you both.
2.assume vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露
【用法】(1)assume v．　 假定；设想；承担；假装
assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)…
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
on the assumption that... 假定…
make an assumption 作出假设
【练一练】
①假设天气好转，我们这周末就去野餐。
Assuming (that) the weather is good, we’ll have a picnic this weekend.
②分析数据前，我们需要对用户行为作出假设。
Before analyzing the data, we need to make an assumption about user behavior.
3. tend /tend/ vi.往往会；趋向 vt. 照看
【用法】
(1)tend to do sth 易于做某事
tend to/towards sth 有……的趋势；倾向于……
tend (to) sb./sth照顾/照看某人/某物
(2)tendency n. 趋势；偏好；倾向
have a tendency to do (for) sth 倾向于做……
【练一练】
①她在公开演讲前有紧张的倾向。（两种表述）
She has a tendency to get nervous before public speaking.
She tends to get nervous before public speaking.
②医生立即照料了受伤的士兵。
The doctor tended (to) the wounded soldier immediately.
4. reduce /r dju s/ vt.减少，缩小
【用法】
(1) be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到…
(2)be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了…
(3)be reduced to 沦落为
(4)reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小
range /re nd / n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列
【用法】
(1)in/ within range of 在… 范围内
out of range of 超出…的范围
a range of 一系列的
beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围
(2)range from… to… 从…到… 变化
range between … and … 在… 范围内变动
6. average / v r d / n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的；典型的
【用法】
an average of 平均是…
on (the/an) average 平均；普通，通常
above the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以上
below the average 在一般水平(或平均数)
【练一练】一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。
In general, you should have your meal an average of 105 to 2.5 hours before exercising.
7.make up for弥补，补偿
【拓展延伸】 make sure 确信；证实 make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理 make full/good use of 充分利用 make the most of充分利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 make out 理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付 make for 导致；有助于；走向 make it 获得成功；及时赶上；渡过难关 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明
We must ____________ every opportunity to practice English if we want to improve quickly.
The teacher tried to ____________ the difficult concept with simple examples in class.
Despite the heavy rain, she managed to ____________ to the airport just in time for her flight.
It doesn’t ____________ to spend so much money on something you’ll only use once.
The volunteers’ efforts ____________ a lot to the success of the community project.
She needs to ____________ the time she missed due to illness by studying extra hours.
Can you ____________ what the sign says It’s too far away for me to read clearly.
Regular exercise and a balanced diet ____________ good health in the long run.
Before you leave the office, ____________ all the windows are closed and the lights are turned off.
Students should ____________ the resources available in the school library to enrich their knowledge.
答案：
make full use of
make clear
make it
make sense
make a difference
make up
make out
make for
make sure
make the most of
8.in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复
(1)response 　　　 n. 反应; 回答; 答复
(2)respond v. 回答, 作出反应
respond to sb. 答复某人
respond to sth. 对……作出回应
9.replace vt. 用… 替换；代替，取代；更换，更新
(1)replace A with B 用B代替A
be replace by 被… 取代
replacement n. 更换；替代，替换
a replacement for …的替代者
(3) take place of 代替
in place of 代替
【练一练】
①公司决定用智能机器人代替传统机器，以提高效率。
The company decided to replace traditional machines with intelligent robots to improve efficiency.
②电子书尚未完全取代纸质书，因为许多读者仍偏爱实体版本。
E-books haven’t fully taken the place of paper books, as many readers still prefer the physical version.
10. hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑
(1)hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/ over 对… 犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
hesitant adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的
be hesitant about (doing) 对(做)某事犹豫
be hesitant to do sth 不愿做某事
【练一练】
①项目中遇到任何问题，别犹豫，尽管求助。
Don’t hesitate to ask for help if you encounter any problems during the project.
②孩子掉进河里时，他毫不犹豫地跳下去救她。
When the child fell into the river, he jumped in to save her without hesitation.
11.admit vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入
(1)be admitted as　　　　　 被接纳为……; 作为……被承认
be admitted into/to 被……录取
admit doing/ having done sth. 承认做过某事
admit sb. / sth. to be+adj. /n. 承认某人/某物为……
(2)admission n.承认; 供认; 入场费; 门票费
【练一练】
他申请了艺术专业，最终被美术学院录取。
He applied for the art program and was finally admitted into/to the college of fine arts.
12. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪
(1) No wonder (that). . . =It’s no wonder(that). . . 难怪……; ……不足为奇
I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how. . . 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
(2) There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班单元重点词汇导学讲义
Book 2 Unit 2
编写人： 2025.11.12
1. congratulation n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺
a letter of congratulation 贺信
offer/send your congratulations to sb 向某人致以祝贺
congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事
congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
congratulate sb. on/upon/for (doing) sth 因（做某事祝贺某人）
【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。
【练一练】恭喜你们结婚！我们真为你们高兴。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.assume vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露
【用法】(1)assume v．　 假定；设想；承担；假装
assume sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)…
It is assumed that... 人们认为……
assuming (that)... 假设……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
on the assumption that... 假定…
make an assumption 作出假设
【练一练】
①假设天气好转，我们这周末就去野餐。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
②分析数据前，我们需要对用户行为作出假设。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. tend /tend/ vi.往往会；趋向 vt. 照看
【用法】
(1)tend to do sth 易于做某事
tend to/towards sth 有……的趋势；倾向于……
tend (to) sb./sth照顾/照看某人/某物
(2)tendency n. 趋势；偏好；倾向
have a tendency to do (for) sth 倾向于做……
【练一练】
①她在公开演讲前有紧张的倾向。（两种表述）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
②医生立即照料了受伤的士兵。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. reduce /r dju s/ vt.减少，缩小
【用法】
(1) be reduced/ increased to 减少/ 增加到…
(2)be reduced/ increased by 减少/ 增加了…
(3)be reduced to 沦落为
(4)reduction n. 减少；下降；缩小
range /re nd / n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列
【用法】
(1)in/ within range of 在… 范围内
out of range of 超出…的范围
a range of 一系列的
beyond one’s range of 超出…的范围
(2)range from… to… 从…到… 变化
range between … and … 在… 范围内变动
6. average / v r d / n.平均水平，一般水平 adj.平均的；典型的
【用法】
an average of 平均是…
on (the/an) average 平均；普通，通常
above the average 在一般水平(或平均数)以上
below the average 在一般水平(或平均数)
【练一练】一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进食。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7.make up for弥补，补偿
【拓展延伸】 make sure 确信；证实 make up 弥补；组成；化妆；整理 make full/good use of 充分利用 make the most of充分利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 make out 理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付 make for 导致；有助于；走向 make it 获得成功；及时赶上；渡过难关 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ; 有道理 ; 言之有理 make clear 澄清 ; 弄清楚 ; 表明 ; 说明
We must ____________ every opportunity to practice English if we want to improve quickly.
The teacher tried to ____________ the difficult concept with simple examples in class.
Despite the heavy rain, she managed to ____________ to the airport just in time for her flight.
It doesn’t ____________ to spend so much money on something you’ll only use once.
The volunteers’ efforts ____________ a lot to the success of the community project.
She needs to ____________ the time she missed due to illness by studying extra hours.
Can you ____________ what the sign says It’s too far away for me to read clearly.
Regular exercise and a balanced diet ____________ good health in the long run.
Before you leave the office, ____________ all the windows are closed and the lights are turned off.
Students should ____________ the resources available in the school library to enrich their knowledge.
8.in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复
(1)response 　　　 n. 反应; 回答; 答复
(2)respond v. 回答, 作出反应
respond to sb. 答复某人
respond to sth. 对……作出回应
9.replace vt. 用… 替换；代替，取代；更换，更新
(1)replace A with B 用B代替A
be replace by 被… 取代
replacement n. 更换；替代，替换
a replacement for …的替代者
(3) take place of 代替
in place of 代替
【练一练】
①公司决定用智能机器人代替传统机器，以提高效率。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
②电子书尚未完全取代纸质书，因为许多读者仍偏爱实体版本。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
10. hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑
(1)hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/ over 对… 犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
hesitant adj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的
be hesitant about (doing) 对(做)某事犹豫
be hesitant to do sth 不愿做某事
【练一练】
①项目中遇到任何问题，别犹豫，尽管求助。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
②孩子掉进河里时，他毫不犹豫地跳下去救她。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
11.admit vt. & vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入
(1)be admitted as　　　　　 被接纳为……; 作为……被承认
be admitted into/to 被……录取
admit doing/ having done sth. 承认做过某事
admit sb. / sth. to be+adj. /n. 承认某人/某物为……
(2)admission n.承认; 供认; 入场费; 门票费
【练一练】
他申请了艺术专业，最终被美术学院录取。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
12. no wonder 不足为奇，并不奇怪
(1) No wonder (that). . . =It’s no wonder(that). . . 难怪……; ……不足为奇
I wonder whether (if)/when/why/how. . . 我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
(2) There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事

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