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高考英语二轮复习
-读后续写解题策略与方法
语言质量提升
1. 时态
（一）遣词
2. 词性
3. 熟词生义
1. 时态
时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，用于表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来、过去将来4种形式；动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行4种方式。将时间形式与动作方式结合起来，可构成16种时态形式。
读后续写一般讲述已经发生的故事，因此，此处主要介绍表示“动作发生在过去”的4种时态的用法，即一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时和过去完成进行时。
(1) 一般过去时（did; was/were）
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况；
例：The chairman of the Chinese Culture Promotion Society addressed the opening ceremony.
中华文化促进会主席在开幕式上致辞。
②表示过去的习惯性动作。
例：We often slept under the stars when we were kids.
当我们还是孩子的时候，我们经常在夜空下露宿。
1. 时态
(2) 过去完成时（had done）
①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去；
例：When I got to school, Mr. Jones had already started the class.
当我到达学校时，琼斯先生已经开始上课了。
②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常与by then、by that time、by the end of、by the time等连用。
例：By about 6 000 BC, people had identified the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
大约公元前6 000年，人们已经发现了最适合种植的作物和最适合饲养的动物。
1. 时态
(3) 过去进行时（was/were doing）
①表示在过去某个特定时间正在发生的动作；
例：He came across this story while he was doing a computer search of local news articles.
他在电脑上搜索地方新闻文章时偶然发现了这个故事。
②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
例：He was working for an international aid organization at the time.
他那时在为一个国际救援组织工作。
1. 时态
(4) 过去完成进行时（had been doing）
表示动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。在过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。
例：When I met the Gills, I had been gardening for nearly ten years.
结识吉尔一家时，我已经做了将近十年的园艺工作。
1. 时态
课堂即时训练
1. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
She the room, a magazine and it
carefully.
2. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
I home once a week at college.
3. 老师从办公室回来时，他刚打扫完教室。
He the classroom when the teacher returned from the
office.
4. 旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
It rained yesterday after it for many months.
entered
picked up
wrote
had just finished cleaning
had been dry
looked through
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
5. 她弹钢琴时我在看报。
She was playing the piano while I the newspaper.
6. 昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家里看电视。
He at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
7. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
I it for days before I found it.
8. 他们只等了一会儿公交车就来了。
They the bus a few moments when it came.
was reading
was watching TV
had been looking for
had only been waiting for
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
9. 到上学期期末，她已经学了2 000个英语单词。
She 2 000 English words by the end of last term.
10. 电话铃响了一会儿才有人接。
The telephone for a while before it was answered.
11. 当我终于找到苏珊时，她正在图书馆学习。
Susan in the library when I found her.
12. 一位十七岁左右的漂亮女孩当时正坐在树下。
A charming girl aged about seventeen under the tree at that time.
had learnt/learned
had been ringing
was studying
was sitting
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
2. 词性活用
读后续写要求学生能够细致地刻画出人物的动作、神态、心理等。学生可以通过词性活用，将句子表达得更生动，为文章增添色彩。本书重点列举读后续写中名词活用为动词的常见例子。
单词 词性活用 例句
arm n. 手臂→v. （以武器）装备 The men armed themselves with sticks and stones.
这些人以棍棒和石块作为武器。
back n. 背部→v. 帮助，支持 Her parents backed her in her choice of career.
她父母支持她的职业选择。
(1) 身体部位类
单词 词性活用 例句
eye n. 眼睛→v. 注视，审视 He couldn’t help eyeing the cakes hungrily.
他饥不可耐地盯着蛋糕。
elbow n. 肘部→v. 用肘推，用肘挤 He elbowed his way through the crowd.
他用手肘从人群中挤了过去。
face n. 脸→v. 面临（难事，困境） The company is facing a financial crisis.
公司正面临财务危机。
finger n. 手指→v. 用手指触摸 Gary sat fingering his beard, saying nothing.
加里坐着用手捋着胡子，一言不发。
hand n. 手→v. 交，递 She handed the letter to me.
她把信交给我。
nose n. 鼻子→v. （用鼻子）嗅，拱，顶 Dogs nosed around in piles of refuse.
一群狗在垃圾堆上嗅来嗅去。
shoulder n. 肩膀→v. 肩扛，肩挑 We shouldered our heavy backpacks and set off slowly up the hill.
我们肩扛沉重的背包，开始慢慢向山上爬。
head n. 头→v. 领导，主管 She has been appointed to head the research team.
她受命领导研究小组。
(1) 身体部位类
(2) 日常生活类
单词 词性活用 例句
seat n. 座位→v. 使（自己）坐下 He was too nervous to seat himself comfortably during the interview.
面试时他太紧张了，无法安坐。
house n. 房屋→v. 给（某人）提供住处 The government is committed to housing the refugees. 政府承诺为难民提供住所。
farm n. 农场→v. 从事畜牧业 They farm dairy cattle.
他们饲养奶牛。
document n. 文件→v. 记录，记载 He wrote a book documenting his travel experiences.
他写了一本书，记录他的旅行经历。
top n. 顶，顶部→v. 居……之首，为……之冠 The band topped the charts for five weeks with their first single.
这支乐队的第一张单曲唱片有五个星期高居最畅销流行音乐唱片榜榜首。
chain n. 链子→v. 用锁链拴住 The doors were always locked and chained.
那些门总是上着锁链。
blanket n. 毯子→v. 以厚层覆盖 Snow soon blanketed the frozen ground.
冻土上很快就形成了一层厚厚的积雪。
(2) 日常生活类
单词 词性活用 例句
comfort n. 舒服，安逸→v. 宽慰 She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring.
她想到春天很快就要来临，以此来宽慰自己。
dust n. 沙土，尘土→v. 擦去……的灰尘 Mel stood up and dusted herself down.
梅尔站起来拍掉了身上的尘土。
mask n. 面具，面罩→v. 掩饰，掩藏 She masked her anger with a smile.
她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。
(3) 自然现象类
单词 词性活用 例句
flood n. 洪水→v. 淹没 The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily.
只要一下大雨地窖就淹水。
rain n. 雨→v. （使）大量降落 The volcano erupted, raining hot ash over a wide area.
火山喷发，将炽热的火山灰洒落在一大片地域上。
storm n. 暴风雨→v. 气呼呼地疾走 He burst into tears and stormed off.
他突然大哭起来，气呼呼地跑了。
wind n. 风→v. 缠绕，绕成团 He wound the wool into a ball.
他把毛线缠绕成一团。
thunder n. 雷→v. 发出雷鸣般响声，轰隆隆地响 A voice thundered in my ear.
我耳边响起了雷鸣般的说话声。
water n. 水→v. 浇水 He went out to water the plants.
他出去给植物浇水。
cloud n. 云朵→v. 使模糊 Doubts were beginning to cloud my mind.
种种疑问开始使我的思路变模糊了。
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
1. 我们若有所思地看了看彼此。
We each other thoughtfully.
2. 这个国家正在备战迎击敌人。
The country was against the enemy.
3. 克里斯蒂面对媒体时显得轻松而镇静。
Christie looked relaxed and calm as he the press.
4. 他用手指摸了摸他兜里的几枚硬币。
He the few coins in his pocket.
eyed
arming
faced
fingered
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
5. 经济改革计划得到外资援助。
The program of economic reform is by foreign aid.
6. 比利在山坡上养羊已有30年。
Billy has been sheep on a hillside for 30 years.
7. 她用锁链把自行车锁在大门上。
She her bicycle to the gate.
8. “见到你们真是太高兴了！”她边说边在埃莉诺和玛丽安娜中间坐了下来。
“I’m so glad to see you!” she said, herself between Eleanor and Marianne.
backed
farming
chained
seating
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
9. 我擦灰尘时将花瓶打碎了。
I broke the vase while I was .
10. 河水决堤，整个镇子都淹了。
The whole town when the river burst its banks.
11. 妒嫉心模糊了他的判断力。
His judgement was by jealousy.
12. 他挥舞着一张报纸怒气冲冲地闯进我的办公室。
He into my office waving a newspaper.
dusting
flooded
clouded
stormed
3. 熟词生义
熟词生义是高考英语的高频考点，主要表现为常见词汇在特定语境中的非常用含义。通过灵活运用基础词汇的非常规含义，学生可打破表达惯性，使文本脱离平庸，从而达到高考读后续写评分原则中规定的所用词汇应具备准确性、恰当性和多样性的要求。以下是读后续写中常见的熟词生义示例：
单词 熟义vs生义 例句
accommodation n. 住处→n. 和解 Neither side was willing to make any kind of accommodation.
双方都不愿意达成任何形式的和解。
chapter n. 章，篇→n. （人生或历史的）时期 This had been a particularly difficult chapter in Lebanon’s recent history.
这是黎巴嫩近代史上的一个特别困难的时期。
3. 熟词生义
单词 熟义vs生义 例句
broad adj. 宽阔的→adj. 广泛的 She took a broad view of the duties of being a teacher.
她认为教师的职责范围很广。
plot n. 故事情节→n. 密谋 The enemy’s plot was frustrated.
敌人的阴谋未能得逞。
modest adj. 谦虚的→adj. （居所）朴实无华的 They had spent the night at a modest hotel.
他们在一家朴实无华的旅馆过夜。
failure n. 失败→n. 故障 A power failure plunged everything into darkness. 电源故障使一切陷入黑暗。
3. 熟词生义
单词 熟义vs生义 例句
recover v. 恢复健康→v. 找回，寻回 The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings.
警方最终找回了失窃的画作。
due adj. 预期→adj. 适当的，恰当的 After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr. Davis to the job.
经过适当考虑，我们决定委任戴维斯先生做这项工作。
observe v. 注意到，观察到→ v. 说话，评论 She observed that it was getting late.
她说天色晚了。
tower n. 塔→v. 高于，超过 He towered over his classmates.
他的个儿比班里其他同学高出一大截。
accent n. 口音，腔调→n. 着重点，强调 In all our products the accent is on quality.
我们的全部产品都是质量为先。
tension n. （精神上的）紧张→n. 矛盾，对立 There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.
公司的目标和雇员的愿望之间经常存在矛盾。
3. 熟词生义
单词 熟义vs生义 例句
inspire v. 鼓舞→v. 使产生（感觉或情感） The car’s performance is effortless and its handling is precise and quickly inspires confidence.
这辆车开起来毫不费劲且精确到位，能很快激起（驾驶员的）信心。
entry n. 进入→n. 参赛作品 The sender of the first correct entry drawn will win a weekend for two in Venice.
第一个被抽取的正确答案，答题者将获得两人在威尼斯度过周末的机会。
flow v. 流动→v. 流畅 Conversation flowed freely throughout the meal.
席间大家一直谈笑甚欢。
sink v. 下沉→v. （心情）沮丧，压抑 Her heart sank as she thought of Craig.
她想到克雷格时，心便沉了下来。
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
1. 政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。
There is support for the government’s policies.
2. 就他们拥有的财富而言，他们的住所不大。
They live in a fairly house, considering their wealth.
3. 警察突击搜查了位于布鲁克林的5栋住宅，找回了被盗物品。
Police raided five houses in Brooklyn and stolen goods.
4. 她说很快就到停下来吃午饭的时间了。
She that it would soon be time to stop for lunch.
broad
modest
recovered
observed
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
5. 该片探讨了公共义务和个人情感之间的冲突。
The film explored the between public duty and personal affections.
6. 骑马出了一次严重的事故后，我生命中的那一篇章就结束了。
That of my life closed when I had a serious riding accident.
7. 还有一些事故主要是由起飞时引擎故障导致的。
There were also several accidents mainly caused by engine on take-off.
8. 他站起来，高出她许多。
He stood up and over her.
tension
chapter
failures
towered
课堂即时训练
根据汉语意思，补全下列句子。
9. 丢掉工作后，他极其绝望。
He into deep despair when he lost his job.
10. 船长的英勇行为激发了他们的决心。
The captain’s heroic effort them with determination.
11. 他们都喝了一两杯之后，谈话开始无拘无束起来。
After they’d all had a drink or two, the conversation began .
12. 野生动物摄影部分已有一些上佳参赛作品。
There have been some impressive in the wildlife photography section.
sank
inspired
to flow
entries
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谢
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