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(共44张PPT)
Section 4 Focusing culture,
Cross-curricular connection, Project
Unit 4
Inventions
沪教版2024英语（八年级上）
学习目标
I can
identify important inventions in history.
talk about some interesting inventions in our daily lives.
describe my ideas for a new invention.
understand the features of great inventions.
01
新
课
导
入
03
应
用
实
践
06
回
顾
总
结
07
随
堂
小
练
02
学
习
理
解
04
迁
移
创
新
05
考
点
速
递
学习内容
新课导入
1
What are the four great inventions in ancient China
papermaking
compass
gunpowder
movable type printing
It was invented around 105 AD. Before this，people wrote on heavy materials like bamboo strips or expensive silk. Paper made writing and reading much easier. It also helped spread knowledge to more people, just like how notebooks help you
What do you know about them
Invented around 1,000 years ago，at first it was used for fireworks to celebrate festivals. Later, people found it could make strong explosions （爆破），which was used in weapons like cannons. Imagine fireworks lighting up the sky—that’s early gunpowder in action!
What do you know about them
Ancient Chinese discovered that a piece of magnetized iron (磁铁)always points south (or north). They made the first compass over 2,000 years ago, using it to find directions when traveling, especially at sea or in new places. It’s like the GPS of old times!
What do you know about them
学习理解
02
What are some great inventions in history
Think
Focusing on culture
The famous four great inventions of ancient China have had a huge impact on the whole world. Let’s learn about one of them.
Movable type: a dream come true
It was nearly ten o’clock at night. Jane was in bed. She was reading a book about the history of printing when she fell asleep.
Suddenly, Jane found herself inside a big room. She could see an open fire and a big desk with lots of strange tools. There was a man by the desk, and he was working with clay. He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.
“Excuse me, what are you doing ” asked Jane.
“I’m going to print a book, so I’m making type,” the man replied.
“Type What is it Could you tell me more about it ” asked Jane.
“Sure. First, I cut characters into pieces of clay. Then I bake them with fire to make them hard. These ones are ready now—look, each character is a single piece of type. I need to make thousands of these before I can print the book,” said the man.
“Could you show me how to print with them ” asked Jane.
“First, spread out a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate. Next, put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a frame. After that, heat it up so that the mixture will melt. Then press down on the clay characters with a board to make sure the surface is even. Finally, brush the characters with ink—now, it’s ready to print,” he explained.
“Oh, you must be Bi Sheng,” Jane said. “I learnt about you in the book! You invented movable type. You know what, the German craftsman Gutenberg improved your invention and introduced metal movable type to Europe about 400 years later.”
Bi Sheng smiled. At that moment Jane woke up. It was only a dream ...! She looked at the book in her hands and smiled.
Bi Sheng was a craftsman and engineer in the Song dynasty. Sometime between 1039 and 1048, he invented movable-type printing technique. It is one of the four great inventions of
ancient China.
Notes
1. What kind of text is it How can you tell
A. It’s a description of a real event.
B. It’s a fictional story.
C. It’s an article about the life of a famous person.
Look at the pictures and the title. Then read the first paragraph of the text on page 62 and answer the questions below.
It’s a story about a girl meeting a famous person from history. The events and the dialogue did not happen in real life.
Skim through the story and complete the table.
When and where does the story start
Where does the main part of the story take place
Who are the characters in the story
What are they talking about
In Jane’s bedroom, just before 10 p.m.
In a big room. / In Bi Sheng’s workshop.
Jane and Bi Sheng.
They are talking about how to print with moveable type.
Describe the steps of printing a book with movable type with the information from the story on page 62.
Step 1: Cut characters into pieces of clay.
Step 2: ________________________________________________
Step 3: ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Step 4: ________________________________________________
Step 5: ________________________________________________
Step 6: ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Step 7: ________________________________________________
Bake them with fire to make them hard.
Spread out a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate.
Put each piece of type on the plate and fix them with a frame.
Heat it up so that the mixture will melt.
Press down on the clay characters with a board to make sure the surface is even.
Brush the characters with ink.
Read the story and the notes on pages 62 and 63. Then complete the table about the development of movable type.
Inventor Time period Material used Achievements
Bi Sheng
Gutenberg
In the 15th century
Metal
He invented movable type.
He improved movable type and introduced metal movable type to Europe.
(In the Song dynasty) Between 1039 and 1048
Clay
应用实践
03
heat metal notice press type
3 Complete the sentences with the words below. Change the form if necessary.
Bi Sheng was focusing on his work, so he didn't _________ the
girl standing there.
(2) When Jane saw Bi Sheng, he was making _____ from clay.
(3) We can _________ the clay down to make it flat.
(4) It's quicker to ________ up the food in the microwave.
(5) Gold, iron and silver are all different types of _________.
notice
type
press
heat
metal
1.梦想成真
2.入睡
3.发现自己在一个大房间里面
4.明火炉灶
5.把字符刻在泥块上
6.如此…以至于…
7.成千上万的
8.铺开，摊开，涂抹均匀
a dream come true
fall asleep
find oneself inside a big room
cut characters into pieces of clay
thousands of
an open fire
so … that
spread out
Translate the following expressions into English.
9. 用框架固定它们
10. 加热……
11. 为了；以便
12. 确保表面平整
13. 准备好印刷
14. 活字印刷
15. 就在那一刻
16. 醒来
make sure the surface is even
be ready to print
movable type
wake up
heat … up
at that moment
fix them with a frame
so that
迁移创新
04
...
...
Over to you
Why is the invention of printing important in history
Spread knowledge quickly and widely;
Made education and learning much easier for everyone;
Printed books were easier to store and preserve than
hand-copied ones;
What do you know about other great inventions of ancient China
考点速递
05
1.He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.
notice sb./sth. 注意到某人/某物
I noticed a big hole on the floor. 我发现地板上有个大洞。
notice＋that从句 注意……　
I notice that you like reading. 我注意到你喜欢读书。
notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事　
I noticed him enter the teacher's office.
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
I noticed that boy copying others' homework.
Notice n.注意；布告 v．注意
2. After that, heat it up so that the mixture will melt.
so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “为了、以便”，有时也可引导结果状语从句，意为 “以至于”。
初中阶段从句中常带有情态动词，如 can/could、will/would、may/might 等，用来表示主句动作的目的。
I get up early so that I can catch the early bus.我早起是为了能赶上早班车。
We speak loudly so that everyone may hear us.
我们大声说话，以便每个人都能听到。
引导结果状语从句
He didn't plan his time well, so that he missed the meeting.
他没规划好时间，以至于错过了会议。
make sure 确信,有把握
Make sure he writes it down. 让他一定记下来。
【考点聚焦】1)make sure后常接从句;
常见搭配:
be sure to do sth. 一定要做……;
be sure of sth.对……有把握;
be sure that从句,相信……
3.Then press down on the clay characters with a board to make sure the surface is even.
Cross-curricular connection I Physical science*
Inventions often go through several stages of development before they become popular.
Read the article about the development of the steam engine
The steam engine
Thomas Newcomen and the invention of the first steam engine
This is the Newcomen’s engine, which was invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. With its use of a piston (活塞) , cylinder(气缸)and boiler(锅炉) , it was the very first steam engine. Newcomen invented it to help people mine for metals and coal at greater depths.
Watt’s improvement of Newcomen’s design
People often consider James Watt the inventor of the steam engine. Few people know that he simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design. Watt’s improvement to Newcomen’s design increased the power of the engine.
This new steam engine could be used in many more ways. It could power trains and ships, and it could also be used in factories.
The steam engine and the Industrial Revolution
Watt added wheels and cogs（齿轮） to his steam engine, and this made it useful in train locomotives and steamboats. His invention in turn played a huge role in what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
Interesting facts:
James Watt invented the term “horsepower”. He recorded the weight a group of ponies could lift. This became a single unit. He then compared this to the weight his steam engine could lift. This made his machine’s power sound even more impressive!
The unit of power known as the “watt” is also named after James Watt.
Thomas Newcomen
He simply improved on Thomas Newcomen’s original design.
1.Who invented the first steam engine
2.What did James Watt do
3. How did the steam engine help the Industrial Revolution
James Watt added wheels and cogs to the steam engine, which made the steam engine useful in train locomotives and steamboats. In this way, his invention played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution.
Project
Designing my invention
Imagine that you are an inventor. Think about what you are going to invent to make our lives better.
Step 1 In groups, brainstorm problems you want to solve. Use the
questions and the example below to help you.
What is the problem
Who needs help with this problem
What are the possible ways of solving this problem
A lot of people cycle to school and work. Bicycle helmets are not very convenient to carry around.
It is difficult for old people to climb stairs.
...
Step 2 Discuss what kind of inventions can solve the problems.
Step 3 Design your invention in groups. Use the example below to help you.
Wits corner
I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.
— Albert Einstein
回顾总结
06
一、学习和了解关于我们古代的四大发明之一 ：活版印刷术的一
篇文章。了解活版印刷的工艺流程。继续学习说明文的写作方
法。学会使用连接词使文章结构更加紧凑。
二、了解蒸汽机的发明。
课堂小练
07
一、根据首字母完成单词(课文出现的单词)
1. I n_______ forgot to bring my English textbook to class this morning.
2.She didn’t r_______ to my question because she was too busy.
3.Could you help me p_______ these test papers for the students
4.The news of his success s_______ quickly in our school.
5.Gold and silver are expensive kinds of m_______.
6. Please p_______ the red button if you need help.
7.Could you e_______ this math problem to me again I didn’t get it.
8.He will i_______ the history of the city to the visitors tomorrow.
nearly
reply
print
spread
metal
press
explain
introduce
9. I d_______ of becoming a doctor when I grow up.
10. Did you n_______ the strange man standing at the school
11. We need to h_______ the milk before we drink it in winter.
12. I d_______ if he can finish the work on time. He’s always slow.
13.The teacher asked him to make a short s_______ about his holiday.
14. What’s the d_______ between your home and our school
15.You should a_______ eating too much sugar. It’s bad for your teeth.
16.He looked for his key a_______, but he still couldn’t find it.
dream
notice
heat
doubt
statement
distance
avoid
anywhere
1.他如此忙碌以至于没有注意到她。
He was____ ____ ____he _____ _____her.
2.在我可以印书之前，我需要制作上千个活字。
I need to make_____ _______types before I can_____ ____ _______.
3. 400年后，德国工匠改进了你的发明并把金属活字印刷引入欧洲。
The German craftsman________ _______ _______and _________ metal movable type to Europe about 400 years later.
4.那时，简醒了过来。
At that moment Jane_____ _______.
5.相应地，他的发明在被我们熟知的工业革命中起了巨大的作用。。
His invention in turn____ ____ ____ ____ ______what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.
so busy that didn’t notice
thousands of print the book
improved your invention introduced
woke up
played a huge role in
二、完成句子
三、短文填词
Last Friday, our school held a fun fair. When I walked through the gate, I first n_____ a big poster about the fair’s activities. Nearby, some students were using a metal pot to h_____ delicious soup for visitors. I didn’t doubt that the soup would taste great—many people were already waiting in line!
A teacher made a short s______ to welcome everyone. She also i_________ a “safety corner” where we learned how to a____ accidents. “You can’t go anywhere without your class card,” she reminded us. The fair was full of joy, and the laughter spread quickly from one corner to another.
In the afternoon, my friend and I walked a short d______ to the craft area. There, we made small gifts and shared them with new friends. It was such a wonderful day that I hoped the happiness would spread to every corner of our school!
distance
noticed
heat
statement
introduced
avoid
Last week, our school held a science fair, and I couldn’t wait to show my project—a small solar heater. When I arrived, I first went to the notice board to check the arrangement. There, my classmate Tom came over to i________ his invention: a metal box that could collect and store h_____ from the sun.
I n_____ many students were interested in his work, and questions spread quickly. Someone asked if it could work anywhere, even on cloudy days. Tom made a clear s______ that it could still function as long as there was some sunlight. I didn’t d______his words because his experiment data was detailed.
To avoid mistakes, he explained every step c_______. He p______ a small button to start the device, and soon we felt the temperature rise. The distance between the solar panel and the box was just right to maximize efficiency. Everyone cheered when they saw the water in the box get warm. It was such a great experience that I r_______ science can make life easier and more interesting.
introduce
noticed
statement
heat
doubt
carefully
pressed
realized
Thank you！

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