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英语　必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅱ　Using language
一、阅读单词
1．ocean n. 海洋，大海
2．hunting n. 打猎，狩猎
3．staff n. 员工
4．drought n. 旱灾，干旱
5．flood n. 洪水，水灾
6．bulb n. 灯泡
7．carbon n. 碳
8．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房
9．brochure n. 小册子
10．solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的
11．smog n. 烟雾，雾霾
12．slide n. 幻灯片
二、核心单词
1．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注
2．highlight v. 使……突出，使注意力集中于
3．presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
4．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤
5．affect v. 影响
6．supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)
7．restore v. 使恢复
8．adopt v. 采取(某种方法)
9．renewable adj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的
10．reusable adj. 可再度使用的，可多次使用的
11．reduce v. 减少，降低
12．release v. 释放，排放
13．severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
14．lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲
15．permission n. 允许，许可
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的
2．establish v. 建立，设立→establishment n. 建立；创立；确立
3．sustainable adj. 可持续的，不破坏环境的→sustain v. 维持，保持→sustainability n. 持续性
4．fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的；雾茫茫的
5．infection n. 感染，传染病→infect v. 传染；污染→infectious adj. 传染的；有感染力的；有影响力的
四、熟词生义
reserve 熟义：v. 预订；预留；保留
生义：n. (野生生物)保护区；保留；储备
五、核心短语
aim__at 旨在
用所给词的适当形式填空并体会其语法特征
1．During the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined (join) up.
2．With his parents working (work) in the city, the boy who stays in the village feels lonely most of the time.
3．She was walking in the street when she saw a man eating (eat) out of a garbage can.
4．It was so cold that the hunter kept the fire burning (burn) all night.
5．She saw smoke rising (rise) from behind the house.
6．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
7．With the work finished (finish), they went to the seaside for a holiday.
8．He's a good watch repairer and can get the clock going (go) again.
9．The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldn't make herself heard (hear) by others.
10．Don't leave that man over there waiting (wait) outside; show him in now.
——Language Points——
探究一　高频词
1．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注(教材P86)
→devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的；热衷的 →devotion n. 热爱；奉献 (1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献给……；把……专用于…… devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 (2)be devoted to 专心于；致力于
【语境感知】
①As a soldier, he showed selfless devotion to duty.
作为一名战士，他表现出了对其职责的无私奉献。
②She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她为中国妇女和儿童的医疗工作奉献了她的一生。(杰出人物)
③Every time I see him, he always devotes himself to his work.
＝Every time I see him, he is always devoted to his work.
每次我见到他的时候，他都在全身心地工作。
devote ... to/devote (oneself) to/be devoted to中的to均为介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，含有介词to的常见短语还有： ①look forward to (doing) sth 盼望(做)某事 ②be opposed/object to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 ③get down to (doing) sth 开始着手(做)某事 ④pay attention to (doing) sth 注意(做)某事 ⑤lead to (doing) sth 导致(做)某事 ⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 ⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth (使自己)适应(做)某事 ⑧be addicted to (doing) sth 对(做)某事上瘾
【靶向小练】
①He devoted all his spare time to helping (help) his students with their English.
②He is respected by the students for his devotion (devote) to the cause of education.
③You will never gain success unless you are devoted to your work.
④我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所做的努力。(感谢信)
I still remember what you__have__devoted__to__improving my oral English and writing skills.
2．presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明(教材P86)
→present vt. 陈述；提出(观点，计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发　adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的　n. 礼物，目前 (1)give a presentation on ... 关于……进行陈述 (2)present sth to sb 向某人提出/陈述某事；把某物赠送/颁发给某人 present sb with sth 把某物呈现/赠送/颁发给某人 be present at 出席 for the present/moment 暂时，就目前来说 at present＝at the present time 目前，现在
【语境感知】
①The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.
销售经理将对新产品进行介绍。
②The letter presented a problem that would be difficult to solve to the family.
＝The letter presented the family with a problem that would be difficult to solve.
这封信给这个家庭提出了一个难以解决的问题。
③How many people were present at the meeting yesterday
昨天出席会议的有多少人？
④At present, more and more people are living a happy life.
现在，越来越多的人正过着幸福的生活。
【靶向小练】
①David's manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.
②I'm sorry he's out at present.
③The suggestions presented (present) at the meeting will be discussed later.
④I have to give a presentation (present) in class this afternoon.
⑤演讲结束后就开始颁奖。
The__presentation__of__prizes__began__after__the__speeches.
3．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤，破坏　n. [U]损失，破坏；伤害；[pl.]损害赔偿金(教材P87)
(1)damage one's health 损害某人的健康 be badly damaged 严重受损 (2)cause/do damage to ... 对……造成损害
【语境感知】
①Smoking seriously damages your health.
吸烟严重损害你的健康。
②Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
③According to the report, staring at cell phone for long periods of time will do damage to our eyesight.
据报道，长时间盯着手机会损害我们的视力。
【易混辨析】damage/destroy/ruin
damage 通常表示部分性的“伤害，损害”，并且能够复原或修复，可作动词或不可数名词
destroy 指毁灭性的或十分彻底的“破坏”，含有不能或很难修复的意思，可用于借喻性的破坏
ruin 指把某物损害到了不能修复、不能再使用的程度，常用于抽象的借喻中
damage既可作动词又可作名词。作名词时，其常用短语为：do damage to。类似 结构还有：do harm to “对……有害”；do good to “对……有好处”。
【靶向小练】
①Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.
②Several vehicles were__damaged (damage) in the accident.
③Although tasty, these food additives damage our body a lot.
→Although tasty, these food additives do/cause__great__damage__to our body.
4．affect v. 影响；感动，打动；(疾病)侵袭；感染(教材P87)
→affection n. 喜爱；关爱；爱恋 →effect n. 影响；效果 (1)be affected by/with ... 被……影响/打动；被……疾病侵袭 (2)have an affection for ... 喜爱/钟爱……；对……有感情 be held in deep affection 深受喜爱；深受爱戴 (3)have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响
【语境感知】
①The little boy's sad story affected us, so we decided to adopt him.
小男孩的悲惨故事打动了我们，因此我们决定收养他。
②Children need lots of love and affection.
孩子需要很多疼爱和关怀。
③The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.
该国南方受旱灾影响最严重。
【靶向小练】
①All the people in the room were__affected (affect) to tears by his story.
②She was held in deep affection (affect) by all her students.
③The doctors want to know whether the drug affects patients who are infected with this serious virus.
→The doctors want to know whether the drug has__an__effect__on/upon patients who are infected with this serious virus.
5．supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)；[pl.]补给品；供应(量)　vt. 提供；供应；供给(教材P87)
(1)in short supply 供应短缺 a large supply of ... 大量供应…… (2)supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物 supply sth to sb 提供某物给某人
【语境感知】
①After the war broke out, food is in short supply all over the country.
战争爆发后，全国食品供应不足。
②Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes a large supply of baby food with her.
每次她带孩子出门，总会带上大量的婴儿食品。
③The actor has supplied plenty of money to the disaster area.
那位演员已经向灾区提供了大量的钱。
表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb; offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
【靶向小练】
①Strawberries are in short supply this summer.
②The policeman supplied the latest news to the local people.
③People in the poor area are urgently in need of food and medical supplies (supply)．
④此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。(建议信)
Moreover, the competition will supply__you__with__a__chance/supply__a__chance__to__you to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
＝Moreover, the competition will provide__you__with__a__chance/provide__a__chance__for__you to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
＝Moreover, the competition will offer__you__a__chance/offer__a__chance__to__you to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
6．adopt v. 采取(某种方法)，采纳；收养(教材P87)
→adopted adj. 领养的，收养的 →adoption n. 采用，采纳；收养 adopt an idea/a plan 采纳一个意见/计划 adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度 adopt measures 采取措施 adopt a child 收养一个孩子
【语境感知】
①Mr Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
科恩先生将那个孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
②He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching English.
他决定采用一种新方法来教英语。
【易混辨析】adopt/adapt
adopt 采取；采纳；收养
adapt (使)适应，(使)适合；改编；改写
【靶向小练】
①The kind woman treated her adopted (adopt) son as if he were her own.
②If you cannot have children of your own, why not consider adoption (adopt)
③我们是时候采取健康的生活方式，改掉熬夜的坏习惯了。(建议信)
It is high time that we adopted__a__healthy__lifestyle and quit the bad habit of staying up late.
7．reduce v. 减少，降低(教材P88)
→reduction n. 降低；减少 reduce ... to ... 把……降到/减少到…… be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词) reduce ... by ... 把……降低/减少了……
【语境感知】
①Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it.
现在，新的研究表明，一项简单且成本低廉的措施可能显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：将水煮沸并进行过滤即可。
②There has been some reduction in unemployment.
失业人数有所减少。
【靶向小练】
①Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%, we can't afford it either.
②It was so foggy that the driver had to reduce the speed to forty kilometers an hour.
③Cost reduction (reduce) is an important factor in improving the state of a business.
④缓解压力最好的方法之一是向你信任的人谈谈你的感受。(建议信)
One__of__the__best__ways__to__reduce__stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
8．permission n．允许，许可(教材P89)
→permit v. 许可，允许，准许　n. 通行证；许可证 (1)ask (for)/request/apply for permission 请求许可 without permission 未经允许 with one's permission 在某人许可的情况下 (2)permit doing sth 允许做某事 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 (3)weather permitting 天气允许的话
【语境感知】
①You must ask permission to enter the room.
要进入这个房间你必须征得许可。
②With your permission, I'd like to say a few words.
如果您允许，我想讲几句话。
③Weather permitting, the sports meeting will be held next Sunday morning.
如果天气允许，运动会将在下周日上午举行。
【靶向小练】
①We don't permit making (make) noise in the classroom.
②In our school, no student can go out of the classroom without permission (permit)．
③告诉他下次借东西之前先征得我的同意。
Tell him to ask__(for)/request/apply__for__my__permission before he borrows something next time.
探究二　拓展词
9．cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的
【语境感知】
The cruelty of the war revealed how cruel humans can be to each other.
战争的残酷揭示了人类对彼此可以多么残忍。
10．infection n. 感染，传染病→infect v. 传染；污染→infectious adj. 传染的；有感染力的；有影响力的
【语境感知】
The flu virus infected almost the entire class. The doctor probed the reason for the infection.
流感病毒几乎感染了全班同学。医生探查了感染的原因。
【靶向小练】
①We stand against all forms of cruelty (cruel), especially to children.
②A healthy diet should help your body resist infection (infect)．
③让学生知道取笑盲人很残忍。
Let students know it's__cruel__to__make__fun__of__a__blind__man．
④笑是最具感染力的感情表达方式之一。
Laughter is one__of__the__most__infectious__expressions of emotion.
探究三　熟词生义
11．reserve [熟义]v. 预订；预留；保留 [生义]n. (野生生物)保护区；保留；储备
【语境感知】
①I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
②We always keep some money in reserve, just in case.
我们总是存些钱备用，只是以防万一。
③We decided to reserve the right to pursue legal action.
我们决定保留采取法律行动的权利。
④Our village is close to a wildlife reserve.
我们的村庄靠近一个野生动植物保护区。
【靶向小练】
①The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.词性：n.　汉意：储备
②The management reserves the right to refuse admission.词性：v.　汉意：保留
③You can reserve seats over the telephone.词性：v.　汉意：预订
④The reserve covers an area of some 1，140 square kilometres.词性：n.　汉意：保护区
⑤若你能为我预订一张明天早上开往武汉的火车票，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I would be very thankful if you could reserve__a__ticket__for__me for the train bound for Wuhan tomorrow morning.
探究四　长难句分析
12．The less energy you use, the less carbon dioxide is released.(教材P88) 你用的能源越少，释放出的二氧化碳就越少。
【分析】　the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...句型意为“越……，就越……”。第一个the＋比较级表示条件，第二个the＋比较级表示结果。
(1)比较级＋and＋比较级意为“越来越……” (2)more and more＋多音节形容词原级意为“越来越……”
【语境感知】
①The more you give, the more you will get.
你付出越多，收获就会越多。
②Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
通常情况下，想法越奇特，它就越被关注。
③She became more and more talkative as the evening went on.
夜渐深，她的话越来越多。
【靶向小练】
①The harder (hard) you study, the more progress you will make.
②The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater (great) are your chances of success.
③你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。
The__more__careful you are, the__fewer__mistakes you will make.
④随着中国经济的快速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得越来越重要了。
With the rapid economic development, China's position on the international stage is getting more__and__more__important．
——Grammar——
探究五　现在分词(短语)和过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
宾语补足语：某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还需要某个词或短语来补充说明宾语，即表
示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。
语法点1　现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)作宾语补足语的现在分词(短语)与宾语之间的关系
现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语，有doing和being done两种形式。构成现在分词(短语)的动词与宾语之间若是主谓关系，则用doing，表示正在进行的主动动作；若是动宾关系，则用being done，表示正在进行的被动动作。
(2)现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语的情况
位于感官动词后作宾语补足语，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等。
①We see the teacher doing the experiment.
我们看到老师正在做实验。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②I saw her being questioned by the police.
我看到她正在被警察盘问。(表示正在进行的被动动作)
位于使役动词后作宾语补足语，如have, get, keep, leave等。
①Don't have the water running when you brush your teeth.
当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②My mother kept me practising the piano, which made me very annoyed.
妈妈一直让我练钢琴，这让我很烦。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语。
①I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
趁热打铁1
①Nowadays, we use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke) in the kitchen.
③With prices going (go) up so fast, we can't afford a house.
语法点2　过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)作宾语补足语的过去分词(短语)与宾语之间的关系
及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是该及物动词的逻辑宾语，宾语和该及物动词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
I want the letter posted this afternoon.
我想下午把这封信寄出去。
少数不及物动词(如go, fall等)的过去分词作宾语补足语仅表示动作已完成，因此，宾语与该不及物动词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home.
她在回家的路上发现她的项链不见了。
形容词化的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
(2)过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语的情况
用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
Don't leave the windows broken like this.
不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
用在使役动词have, get, make等的后面作宾语补足语。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高嗓门以便被听到。
用在have后作宾语补足语，可表示以下意义：
(主语)请/派人做某事
I have had my computer repaired.
我请人修了我的电脑。
(主语)完成某事(主语可能参与，也可能不参与)
They are going to have some trees planted.
他们打算种植一些树。
(主语)遭受某种不幸
I have had my bag stolen.
我的包被偷了。
用在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等的后面作宾语补足语。
He can hear the windows beaten by the heavy raindrops.
他能听到大雨点拍打窗户的声音。
用在表示心理状态的动词think, suppose, consider等的后面作宾语补足语。
They considered the matter settled.
他们认为这个问题解决了。
用在表示“希望、要求”等的动词后面作宾语补足语。这类动词有want, wish, expect等。
The boss wouldn't want the problem discussed at the moment.
老板现在不想讨论这个问题。
用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中作宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
With the exams finished, they went to climb Mountain Tai.
考完试，他们去爬泰山了。
趁热打铁2
①由于我的英语不好，我的意思恐怕不能被别人理解。
I am afraid that I__can't__make__myself__understood due to my poor English.
②我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人们把它们送到农民家里。
We began to help pick peaches and then had__them__delivered to the farmers' houses.
③所有的学生都必须在晚上8点前完成作业。
All the students are required to get__their__homework__finished before 8 pm.
语法点3　现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)和不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
非谓语动词 宾语补足语
现在分词(短语) 表示正在进行的主动动作或被动动作
过去分词(短语) 表示被动或动作已完成
不定式(短语) 在with复合结构中，作宾语补足语的不定式表示动作还未发生；感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，此时作宾语补足语的不定式常省略to
①I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。(现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作)
②I heard a song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到有人在唱歌。(现在分词表示正在进行的被动动作)
③I heard the English song sung many times.
我听到这首英文歌曲被唱了许多次。(过去分词表示被动)
④With a lot of homework to do, Tom can't go to the cinema with his father.
因为有很多作业要做，汤姆不能和他的爸爸一起去看电影了。(表示动作还未发生)
⑤I heard her sing an English song just now.
我刚才听到她唱了一首英文歌曲。(强调动作发生的全过程)
趁热打铁3
①要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
I__can't__go__out__with__all__these__clothes__to__wash.
②她经常做一个时间表来提醒自己一天要做什么。
She__often__makes__a__schedule__to__get__herself__reminded__of__what__she__is__to__do__in__the__day.
③对不起，让您久等了。
I'm__sorry__to__have__kept__you__waiting__so__long.
——Vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
de 去除；离开；取消；向下 devote,__develop, design, definition, decrease
per 贯穿；完全 permission,__perfect, perform, persuade, perceive
sup 在下，向上 supply,__support, supplement, supplant, suppose
ish 做；致使 establish,__nourish, vanish, flourish, polish
二、关于环境保护的词汇
1．reusable water bottle 可重复使用的水瓶
2．carbon footprint 碳足迹；碳排放量
3．renewable energy 可再生能源
4．low carbon life 低碳生活
5．water conservation 节水
6．greenhouse effect 温室效应
7．garbage sorting 垃圾分类
8．raise public awareness of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识
9．carbon dioxide emission 二氧化碳排放
10．global warming 全球变暖
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能——环境问题的听力技巧
此类话题常见的设题点：
(1)who(谁做某事，谈话者是谁，谈话双方在谈论谁)
(2)what (什么环境问题，是什么造成的环境问题)
(3)how(某人怎么做，怎样行动来保护环境)
(4)why(为什么采取措施保护环境，为什么用某种方式保护环境)
Q：How does Eric get to work on Monday
A．By bus.　　　 B．By train.　　　
C．By car.
录音：
W：Oh, it's a surprise to see you catching a bus to work, Eric. Where's your car
M：I want to make contributions to protecting environment as much as I can, so I decided to take a bus every Monday.
W：That's a good idea.
题目询问Eric上班的交通方式，根据关键词“take a bus”“every Monday”可知，Eric在周一会坐公共汽车去上班。故选A。
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
　用以下两个问题，和你的小伙伴互相提问，了解如何保护动植物及其赖以生存的环境。
1．How do human activities indirectly have an effect on animals
2．What can you do to help protect the environment
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．He would rather lose his life than see damage (损害) done to state property.
2．The measures are intended to restore (使恢复) public confidence in the economy.
3．Have you seen the newly released (发行) film, whose leading actor is world famous
4．To create wildlife reserves (保护区) and parks is another effective way to protect animals.
5．We were deeply affected (影响) by the drought in the south.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As I got closer, I saw him kicking (kick) his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
2．We are pleased to see the suggestion adopted (adopt) by many schools to help free students from the heavy schoolwork.
3．I was surprised to find my hometown changed (change) so much.
4．With the temperature rising (rise), the leaves and grass began to appear.
5．The teacher had the students' homework finished (finish) before class.
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The flu virus (流感病毒) is highly infectious. It can easily infect people who are in close contact with an infected person. (infect)
2．The morning was foggy,__and a thick fog covered the entire town, making it difficult to see beyond a few meters. (fog)
3．The school aimed to establish a new scholarship program. Finally, the successful establishment of this program brought more opportunities to students. (establish)
4．Animal cruelty is a serious issue. People who are cruel to animals should be punished. (cruel)
5．To sustain the planet's resources, we must adopt sustainable practices, such as reducing waste and using renewable energy. (sustain)
Ⅳ.翻译
1．Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be__devoted__to__building__a__harmonious__society (致力于建设一个和谐的社会)．
2．It is said that books on popular science are in__short__supply (供应不足)．
3．Fire has__caused/done__severe__damage__to (已经对……造成严重损害) the contents of the building.
4．当我们看到道路被雪堵塞时，我们决定在家度假。(过去分词短语作宾语补足语)
When__we__saw__the__road__blocked__with__snow,__we__decided__to__spend__the__holiday__at__home.
5．毫无疑问，练得越多，你的英语口语就越流利。(the more ..., the more ...)
There__is__no__doubt__that__the__more__you__practice,__the__more__fluently__you__can__speak__English.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ　完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. I went there for camping with my parents. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up. I touched that __1__ rock and knew immediately I wanted to __2__ it. That has been my life's __3__ ever since—climbing the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my home.
About 7 years ago I started seeing a lot of waste, __4__ beer cans, empty boxes, around the area. It's beyond me why visitors started respecting the place less and treated such a beautiful __5__ place this way.
I made an attempt to clean the place myself, but the job was too __6__. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I had to __7__ an idea to change the situation.
In 2018, together with some climbers, I set a __8__ for a cleanup. On that day, more than 300 people appeared there. Over three days we __9__ about 6，000 pounds of trash. It was __10__ how much we were able to achieve. I couldn't believe the difference we made—the __11__ looked clean!
Each year these climbers come for the __12__ from everywhere. In 2022 alone, 2，945 people picked up 42，330 pounds of trash.
There are many people around us who are __13__ with their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by __14__ rather than complaining. We need to teach by example. After all, everybody has his __15__ to protect the environment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜爱约塞米蒂国家公园，看到公园有很多垃圾，于是号召志愿者一起进行清理，极大地改善了公园的环境。
1．A.deep B．mysterious
C．giant D．slim
答案：C
解析：根据前文“a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up”可知，这块岩石很大。故选C。
2．A.perform B．signal
C．climb D．compose
答案：C
解析：根据后文“climbing the rocks”可知，作者想要攀爬这块岩石。故选C。
3．A.failure B．passion
C．contest D．admiration
答案：B
解析：根据后文“I've long made Yosemite my home.”可知，作者把公园当成了自己的家，说明攀登约塞米蒂国家公园的岩石和山脉是作者的激情所在。故选B。
4．A.like B．as
C．except D．with
答案：A
解析：根据后文“beer cans, empty boxes”可知，此处是在对看到的垃圾进行举例。故选A。
5．A.homelike B．lifelike
C．industrial D．firm
答案：A
解析：根据前文“I've long made Yosemite my home.”可知，作者认为该公园像家一样舒适、美丽。故选A。
6．A.professional B．minor
C．small D．big
答案：D
解析：根据后文“I would spend ... weeks later.”可知，清理工作量很大。故选D。
7．A.put up with B．come up with
C．keep up with D．team up with
答案：B
解析：根据后文“an idea to change the situation”可知，此处指作者不得不想出一个主意来改变这种情况。故选B。
8．A.place B．date
C．figure D．plot
答案：B
解析：根据后文“On that day, more than 300 people appeared there.”可知，此处指作者确定了一个清理的日期。故选B。
9．A.required B．received
C．shot D．collected
答案：D
解析：根据后文“about 6，000 pounds of trash”可知，作者他们收集了大约6，000磅的垃圾。故选D。
10．A.complex B．visual
C．tense D．unbelievable
答案：D
解析：根据后文“I couldn't believe”可知，他们收集了大约6，000磅的垃圾，这一成就是令人难以置信的。故选D。
11．A.park B．lake
C．garden D．campus
答案：A
解析：根据前文“I fell in love with Yosemite National Park”可知，此处指约塞米蒂国家公园看起来很干净了。故选A。
12．A.cleanup B．stage
C．ceremony D．party
答案：A
解析：根据前文“about 6，000 pounds of trash”可知，这些登山者来这里捡垃圾，即从事清理工作。故选A。
13．A.content B．dissatisfied
C．busy D．confident
答案：B
解析：根据后文“If you are one of them ... rather than complaining.”可知，如果对环境不满意，就要采取行动。故选B。
14．A.working through B．working out
C．taking action D．taking off
答案：C
解析：根据后文“rather than complaining”可知，此处指作者呼吁采取行动，而不是抱怨。故选C。
15．A.request B．cause
C．balance D．duty
答案：D
解析：根据后文“to protect the environment”和常识可知，此处指保护环境人人有责。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
You've heard of planning a trip around a museum you desire to visit or cuisine you want to try, but is the trip focusing on getting __1__ better night's sleep a choice of __2__ (you) It's called sleep tourism, a travel trend referring to travel experiences that __3__ (design) specifically to improve your quality of sleep.
Going on a vacation might seem like a much __4__ (strange) way to improve your sleep than taking medicine. However, many people __5__ (undertake) or expressed interest in sleep tourism in the past years and it is growing in popularity, with an increasing amount of sleep focused stays __6__ (appear) in hotels and tourist attractions across the world.
Why has this trend taken off Some experts say travelers are waking up to the idea __7__ traveling doesn't have to come at the expense of sleep. With sleep tourism, they can gain first hand __8__ (expose) to helpful sleep habits and environmental factors that work __9__ them and that they can include into their daily routine. According to Hilton's third annual trends report, regardless of generations, the No. 1 reason people want to travel is to rest and recharge. And they think more investment made in travelers' sleep __10__ sleep focused experiences could be expected.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的旅游趋势——睡眠旅游。
1．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处sleep表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且better的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．答案：yours
解析：考查代词。此处是“of＋名词性物主代词”构成的双重所有格，表示“你的选择”。故填yours。
3．答案：are designed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语that指代先行词travel experiences，表示复数含义，与design之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are designed。
4．答案：stranger
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填stranger。
5．答案：have undertaken
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语many people为复数。故填have undertaken。
6．答案：appearing
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，appear与sleep focused stays之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填appearing。
7．答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句的连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，且从句成分和意义均完整，应用that引导。故填that。
8．答案：exposure
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作gain的宾语，exposure意为“接触，体验”，为不可数名词。故填exposure。
9．答案：for
解析：考查介词。work for为固定搭配，意为“对……起作用，对……有用”。故填for。
10．答案：and
解析：考查连词。travelers' sleep和sleep focused experiences之间为并列关系，且位于肯定句中，应用and连接。故填and。
Ⅲ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a hot September afternoon, Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library. When they passed by Tubman Park, Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library. As they entered the park, the sight of the swings (秋千) and the merry go round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything looked so old, sad, and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often.
As they headed toward the library, the two high school students wrinkled their foreheads. In the library, they encountered Mrs Evans, their kind hearted fifth grade teacher, retired yet still passionate. Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they'd seen. Finally, she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns.
The next day, Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer. They were informed that the city couldn't help with their problem due to a tight budget. Discouraged, they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help.
Under her guidance, they decided to ask Go Green, a non profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment, for help. “This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans. She promised to arrange for them to present their ideas to Go Green. Hearing this, their faces lit up.
Two main tasks remained ahead: researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking, they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often, which saves time, money, and energy. Based on this, Peter practiced his presentation over and over again.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Peter (彼得)和Isabel (伊莎贝尔)经过儿时玩耍的塔布曼公园时发现公园破败不堪，满地垃圾，于是他们决定想办法改变其面貌。在Evans (埃文斯)老师的建议下，他们决定向环境保护组织Go Green寻求帮助。他们最终得到Go Green的支持了吗？他们从中有什么感悟？
[精彩范文]
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. He could feel nothing but his hands shaking and heart pounding. “You will be great, Peter，” Isabel encouraged him. Just then, Peter heard his name being announced. It was time to present! Peter took a deep breath and then went on the stage. “Tubman Park needs a new kind of trash can，” Peter explained, pointing to a poster of a trash can. Then Peter explained the working principle of the trash can in detail. The judges nodded as they listened, seemingly interested in the project.
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. Go Green had agreed to buy new trash cans for the park! Hearing the inspiring news, they both leaped into the air with joy. Peter barely had time to savor the moment before Isabel started sharing the news with Mrs Evans and showing their gratitude to her. Learning the result, Mrs Evans smiled through misty eyes. “I know you can do it! Tubman Park is sure to become one that is clean and green again！” Never before had Peter and Isabel been so proud of themselves.
　精深阅读
A pond in Hawaii has turned so pink that it could be from the Barbie movie—but it's no cause for a dance party. Drought may be the reason for the strange color, scientists say, and they're warning against entering the water or drinking it.
Workers at the Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Maui have been watching the situation of the pink water after getting a phone call from somebody who was walking on the beach.
“I just got a report from somebody who was walking on the beach, and they called me up like ‘There's something weird going on over here’，” said Bret Wolfe, the refuge manager.
Wolfe was concerned the bright pink could be a sign of an event called an algae bloom (绿藻泛池), but lab tests found such algae was not causing the color. Instead, an organism (微生物) called halobacteria (嗜盐细菌) might be the cause.
Halobacteria are a type of organism that lives in bodies of water with high levels of salt. The salinity (盐度) inside the Kealia Pond outlet area is now greater than 70 parts per thousand, which is twice the salinity of seawater. Wolfe said they will need to study the DNA to confirm the organism.
Maui's drought is likely leading to the situation. Normally Waikapu Stream feeds into Kealia Pond and raises water levels there, but Wolfe said that hasn't happened in a long time.
When it rains, the stream will flow into Kealia's main pond and then into the outlet area that's now pink. This will reduce the salinity and potentially change the water's color.
The refuge has seen an increase in visitors after photos of the pink pond were posted on social media. Wolfe said he would love to have visitors come to learn about local aims to protect nature.
But officials have announced a special warning for people not to enter the water or eat any fish caught there.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了夏威夷的一个池塘变成了粉红色以及对此的相关研究。
1．What does the underlined word “weird” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Unusual. B．Attractive.
C．Impossible. D．Dangerous.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A pond in Hawaii ... from the Barbie movie”及画线词所在句“I just got ... called me up like”可知，池塘的水变成粉红色是非正常现象，有人打电话就是要汇报这件不同寻常的事。由此可推知，画线词意为“非同寻常的”。故选A。
2．Why are halobacteria considered to be the cause of the colour
A．Their DNA has been studied.
B．They usually live in seawater.
C．The salinity in the pond is now much greater.
D．They did the same thing a short time ago.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Halobacteria are a type of ... the salinity of seawater.”可知，人们是根据这个池塘的异常高的含盐度来推测是嗜盐细菌导致水的颜色发生了变化。故选C。
3．What will wolfe do next
A．Clear the halobacteria away.
B．Keep on studying the problem.
C．Add some fresh water to the pond.
D．Stop people from visiting the pond.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Wolfe said they will need to study the DNA to confirm the organism.”可知，Wolfe (沃尔夫)会继续研究这个问题，以确定其真正原因。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Climate Change Has Caught Serious Drought in Hawaii
B．A Pond in Hawaii Has Become Famous for a Barbie Movie
C．People in Hawaii are Worried about Water Pollution
D．A Pond in Hawaii Mysteriously Turns Bright Pink
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了夏威夷一个池塘的水突然变成了粉色，以及人们对这一怪异现象的研究。因此D项(夏威夷的一个池塘神秘地变成了鲜艳的粉红色)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．drought n. 久旱；旱灾
2．sign n. 标志；迹象；符号　v. 签名；打手势
3．confirm v. 确定；确认；证实
4．likely adj. 可能的　adv. 大概，很可能
5．potentially adv. 可能地；潜在地
(二)高频短语
6．warn against doing sth 警告不要做某事
7．call__up 打电话
8．a type of 一类，一种
9．flow__into 流入
10．post__on 在……上发布(信息或图片)
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．She has__been__playing (play) tennis since she was eight.
12．In this book you will find the reasons for this common complaint.
13．It's believed that the affair was potentially (potential) harmful to British aviation.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Officials reacted angrily to those charges.官员
15．The couple announced their engagement, celebrating their commitment to a lifelong journey together. 宣布
16．Social media addiction is a threat to our health. 社交媒体
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
increase, type, aim
17．What do you charge for this sort of work？type
18．She was chosen for a research team, with the goal of discovering a new treatment.aim
19．This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.increase
(六)长难句分析
20．When it rains, the stream will flow into Kealia's main pond and then into the outlet area that's now pink.
句意：下雨的时候，小溪会流入凯阿利亚的主池塘，然后流入现在是粉红色的出水口。
分析：主干是the__stream__will__flow__into__Kealia's__main__pond__and__then__into__the__outlet__area；When引导时间状语从句；and连接两个并列的介词短语into Kealia's main pond和into the outlet area；that引导定语从句，修饰area。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Generally, scientists warn__against__making__decisions (警告不要做决定) based on the questionable theory.
22．T shirts are a__type__of (一种) casual wear.
(八)仿写句子
23．A pond in Hawaii has turned so pink that it could be from the Barbie movie—but it's no cause for a dance party. (so ... that ...)
仿写：这口井很深，孩子们被警告不要在旁边玩耍。
The__well__is__so__deep__that__kids__are__warned__against__playing__beside__it.
28(共114张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6　 Earth first
单元主题：人与自然——关爱地球，保护环境
SectionⅡ　Using language
预学检测　单词打卡
自主学习　课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究　硬核考点
3
课后课时作业
５
课堂作业　巩固内化
４
预学检测　单词打卡
一、阅读单词
1．________ n. 海洋，大海
2．________ n. 打猎，狩猎
3．________ n. 员工
4．________ n. 旱灾，干旱
5．________ n. 洪水，水灾
ocean
hunting
staff
drought
flood
6．_______ n. 灯泡
7．_______ n. 碳
8．___________ n. 温室，暖房
9．_________ n. 小册子
10．_________ adj. 利用太阳光(能)的
11．_________ n. 烟雾，雾霾
12．_________ n. 幻灯片
bulb
carbon
greenhouse
brochure
solar
smog
slide
二、核心单词
1．_________ v. 致力，献身，倾注
2．_________ v. 使……突出，使注意力集中于
3．___________ n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
4．________ v. 破损，损害，损伤
5．________ v. 影响
6．________ n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)
7．________ v. 使恢复
devote
highlight
presentation
damage
affect
supply
restore
8．________ v. 采取(某种方法)
9．____________ adj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的
10．__________ adj. 可再度使用的，可多次使用的
11．__________ v. 减少，降低
12．__________ v. 释放，排放
13．__________ adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
14．__________ n. (尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲
15．__________ n. 允许，许可
adopt
renewable
reusable
reduce
release
severe
lecture
permission
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→__________ adj. 残忍的；残酷的
2．__________ v. 建立，设立→______________ n. 建立；创立；确立
3．___________ adj. 可持续的，不破坏环境的→___________ v. 维持，保持→________________ n. 持续性
4．______ n. 雾→________ adj. 有雾的；雾茫茫的
5．________ n. 感染，传染病→________ v. 传染；污染→___________ adj. 传染的；有感染力的；有影响力的
cruelty
cruel
establish
establishment
sustainable
sustain
sustainability
fog
foggy
infection
infect
infectious
四、熟词生义
reserve 熟义：v. ______________________
生义：n. (野生生物)保护区；保留；储备
五、核心短语
___________ 旨在
预订；预留；保留
aim at
自主学习　课时语法
用所给词的适当形式填空并体会其语法特征
1．During the Qin Dynasty, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls _________ (join) up.
2．With his parents _________ (work) in the city, the boy who stays in the village feels lonely most of the time.
3．She was walking in the street when she saw a man _________ (eat) out of a garbage can.
4．It was so cold that the hunter kept the fire _________ (burn) all night.
5．She saw smoke _________ (rise) from behind the house.
joined
working
eating
burning
rising
6．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____________ (develop) after great effort.
7．With the work _________ (finish), they went to the seaside for a holiday.
8．He's a good watch repairer and can get the clock _________ (go) again.
9．The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldn't make herself _________ (hear) by others.
10．Don't leave that man over there _________ (wait) outside; show him in now.
developed
finished
going
heard
waiting
合作探究　硬核考点
1．devote v. 致力，献身，倾注(教材P86)
→devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的；热衷的
→devotion n. 热爱；奉献
(1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献给……；把……专用于……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)be devoted to 专心于；致力于
——Language Points——
探究一　高频词
【语境感知】
①As a soldier, he showed selfless devotion to duty.
作为一名战士，他表现出了对其职责的无私奉献。
②She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她为中国妇女和儿童的医疗工作奉献了她的一生。(杰出人物)
③Every time I see him, he always devotes himself to his work.
＝Every time I see him, he is always devoted to his work.
每次我见到他的时候，他都在全身心地工作。
devote ... to/devote (oneself) to/be devoted to中的to均为介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，含有介词to的常见短语还有：
①look forward to (doing) sth 盼望(做)某事
②be opposed/object to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
③get down to (doing) sth 开始着手(做)某事
④pay attention to (doing) sth 注意(做)某事
⑤lead to (doing) sth 导致(做)某事
⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth (使自己)适应(做)某事
⑧be addicted to (doing) sth 对(做)某事上瘾
【靶向小练】
①He devoted all his spare time to _________ (help) his students with their English.
②He is respected by the students for his _________ (devote) to the cause of education.
③You will never gain success unless you are devoted _____ your work.
④我仍然记得你为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所做的努力。(感谢信)
I still remember what ___________________________ my oral English and writing skills.
helping
devotion
to
you have devoted to improving
2．presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明(教材P86)
→present vt. 陈述；提出(观点，计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发　adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的　n. 礼物，目前
(1)give a presentation on ... 关于……进行陈述
(2)present sth to sb 向某人提出/陈述某事；把某物赠送/颁发给某人
present sb with sth 把某物呈现/赠送/颁发给某人
be present at 出席
for the present/moment 暂时，就目前来说
at present＝at the present time 目前，现在
【语境感知】
①The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.
销售经理将对新产品进行介绍。
②The letter presented a problem that would be difficult to solve to the family.
＝The letter presented the family with a problem that would be difficult to solve.
这封信给这个家庭提出了一个难以解决的问题。
③How many people were present at the meeting yesterday
昨天出席会议的有多少人？
④At present, more and more people are living a happy life.
现在，越来越多的人正过着幸福的生活。
【靶向小练】
①David's manager presented him _______ the award for best sales in the region.
②I'm sorry he's out _____ present.
③The suggestions _________ (present) at the meeting will be discussed later.
④I have to give a ____________ (present) in class this afternoon.
⑤演讲结束后就开始颁奖。
________________________________________________________
with
at
presented
presentation
The presentation of prizes began after the speeches.
3．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤，破坏　n. [U]损失，破坏；伤害；[pl.]损害赔偿金(教材P87)
(1)damage one's health 损害某人的健康
be badly damaged 严重受损
(2)cause/do damage to ... 对……造成损害
【语境感知】
①Smoking seriously damages your health.
吸烟严重损害你的健康。
②Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
③According to the report, staring at cell phone for long periods of time will do damage to our eyesight.
据报道，长时间盯着手机会损害我们的视力。
【易混辨析】damage/destroy/ruin
damage 通常表示部分性的“伤害，损害”，并且能够复原或修复，可作动词或不可数名词
destroy 指毁灭性的或十分彻底的“破坏”，含有不能或很难修复的意思，可用于借喻性的破坏
ruin 指把某物损害到了不能修复、不能再使用的程度，常用于抽象的借喻中
damage既可作动词又可作名词。作名词时，其常用短语为：do damage to。类似结构还有：do harm to “对……有害”；do good to “对……有好处”。
【靶向小练】
①Tree roots can cause damage ______ buildings.
②Several vehicles ________________ (damage) in the accident.
③Although tasty, these food additives damage our body a lot.
→Although tasty, these food additives ________________________ our body.
to
were damaged
do/cause great damage to
4．affect v. 影响；感动，打动；(疾病)侵袭；感染(教材P87)
→affection n. 喜爱；关爱；爱恋
→effect n. 影响；效果
(1)be affected by/with ... 被……影响/打动；被……疾病侵袭
(2)have an affection for ... 喜爱/钟爱……；对……有感情
be held in deep affection 深受喜爱；深受爱戴
(3)have an effect on/upon ... 对……有影响
【语境感知】
①The little boy's sad story affected us, so we decided to adopt him.
小男孩的悲惨故事打动了我们，因此我们决定收养他。
②Children need lots of love and affection.
孩子需要很多疼爱和关怀。
③The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.
该国南方受旱灾影响最严重。
【靶向小练】
①All the people in the room ________________ (affect) to tears by his story.
②She was held in deep _________ (affect) by all her students.
③The doctors want to know whether the drug affects patients who are infected with this serious virus.
→The doctors want to know whether the drug ______________________ patients who are infected with this serious virus.
were affected
affection
has an effect on/upon
5．supply n. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)；[pl.]补给品；供应(量)　vt. 提供；供应；供给(教材P87)
(1)in short supply 供应短缺
a large supply of ... 大量供应……
(2)supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物
supply sth to sb 提供某物给某人
【语境感知】
①After the war broke out, food is in short supply all over the country.
战争爆发后，全国食品供应不足。
②Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes a large supply of baby food with her.
每次她带孩子出门，总会带上大量的婴儿食品。
③The actor has supplied plenty of money to the disaster area.
那位演员已经向灾区提供了大量的钱。
表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb; offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
【靶向小练】
①Strawberries are______ short supply this summer.
②The policeman supplied the latest news ______the local people.
③People in the poor area are urgently in need of food and medical_________ (supply)．
in
to
supplies
④此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。(建议信)
Moreover, the competition will __________________________________________ to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
＝Moreover, the competition will ________________________________________ to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
＝Moreover, the competition will ________________________________________ to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.
supply you with a chance/supply a chance to you
provide you with a chance/provide a chance for you
offer you a chance/offer a chance to you
6．adopt v. 采取(某种方法)，采纳；收养(教材P87)
→adopted adj. 领养的，收养的
→adoption n. 采用，采纳；收养
adopt an idea/a plan 采纳一个意见/计划
adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度
adopt measures 采取措施
adopt a child 收养一个孩子
【语境感知】
①Mr Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
科恩先生将那个孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
②He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching English.
他决定采用一种新方法来教英语。
【易混辨析】adopt/adapt
adopt 采取；采纳；收养
adapt (使)适应，(使)适合；改编；改写
【靶向小练】
①The kind woman treated her _________ (adopt) son as if he were her own.
②If you cannot have children of your own, why not consider __________ (adopt)
③我们是时候采取健康的生活方式，改掉熬夜的坏习惯了。(建议信)
It is high time that we ________________________ and quit the bad habit of staying up late.
adopted
adoption
adopted a healthy lifestyle
7．reduce v. 减少，降低(教材P88)
→reduction n. 降低；减少
reduce ... to ... 把……降到/减少到……
be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)
reduce ... by ... 把……降低/减少了……
【语境感知】
①Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it.
现在，新的研究表明，一项简单且成本低廉的措施可能显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：将水煮沸并进行过滤即可。
②There has been some reduction in unemployment.
失业人数有所减少。
【靶向小练】
①Though the price of the house has been reduced ______10%, we can't afford it either.
②It was so foggy that the driver had to reduce the speed _______ forty kilometers an hour.
③Cost __________ (reduce) is an important factor in improving the state of a business.
④缓解压力最好的方法之一是向你信任的人谈谈你的感受。(建议信)
_________________________________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
by
to
reduction
One of the best ways to reduce stress
8．permission n．允许，许可(教材P89)
→permit v. 许可，允许，准许　n. 通行证；许可证
(1)ask (for)/request/apply for permission 请求许可
without permission 未经允许
with one's permission 在某人许可的情况下
(2)permit doing sth 允许做某事
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
(3)weather permitting 天气允许的话
【语境感知】
①You must ask permission to enter the room.
要进入这个房间你必须征得许可。
②With your permission, I'd like to say a few words.
如果您允许，我想讲几句话。
③Weather permitting, the sports meeting will be held next Sunday morning.
如果天气允许，运动会将在下周日上午举行。
【靶向小练】
①We don't permit _________ (make) noise in the classroom.
②In our school, no student can go out of the classroom without ___________ (permit)．
③告诉他下次借东西之前先征得我的同意。
Tell him to ___________________________________before he borrows something next time.
making
permission
ask (for)/request/apply for my permission
9．cruelty n. 残忍，残酷，残暴→_________ adj. 残忍的；残酷的
【语境感知】
The cruelty of the war revealed how cruel humans can be to each other.
战争的残酷揭示了人类对彼此可以多么残忍。
探究二　拓展词
cruel
10．infection n. 感染，传染病→_________ v. 传染；污染→_________ adj. 传染的；有感染力的；有影响力的
【语境感知】
The flu virus infected almost the entire class. The doctor probed the reason for the infection.
流感病毒几乎感染了全班同学。医生探查了感染的原因。
infect
infectious
【靶向小练】
①We stand against all forms of _________ (cruel), especially to children.
②A healthy diet should help your body resist _________ (infect)．
③让学生知道取笑盲人很残忍。
Let students know ____________________________________．
④笑是最具感染力的感情表达方式之一。
Laughter is _______________________________________ of emotion.
cruelty
infection
it's cruel to make fun of a blind man
one of the most infectious expressions
11．reserve [熟义]v. 预订；预留；保留 [生义]n. ____________________________
【语境感知】
①I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
②We always keep some money in reserve, just in case.
我们总是存些钱备用，只是以防万一。
③We decided to reserve the right to pursue legal action.
我们决定保留采取法律行动的权利。
④Our village is close to a wildlife reserve.
我们的村庄靠近一个野生动植物保护区。
探究三　熟词生义
(野生生物)保护区；保留；储备
【靶向小练】
①The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.
词性：____　汉意：______
②The management reserves the right to refuse admission.
词性：______　汉意：______
③You can reserve seats over the telephone.词性：______　汉意：______
④The reserve covers an area of some 1，140 square kilometres.
词性：______　汉意：________
⑤若你能为我预订一张明天早上开往武汉的火车票，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I would be very thankful if you could ______________________ for the train bound for Wuhan tomorrow morning.
n.
储备
v.
保留
v.
预订
n.
保护区
reserve a ticket for me
12．The less energy you use, the less carbon dioxide is released.(教材P88)
你用的能源越少，释放出的二氧化碳就越少。
【分析】　the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...句型意为“越……，就越……”。第一个the＋比较级表示条件，第二个the＋比较级表示结果。
1
探究四　长难句分析
(1)比较级＋and＋比较级意为“越来越……”
(2)more and more＋多音节形容词原级意为“越来越……”
【语境感知】
①The more you give, the more you will get.
你付出越多，收获就会越多。
②Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
通常情况下，想法越奇特，它就越被关注。
③She became more and more talkative as the evening went on.
夜渐深，她的话越来越多。
【靶向小练】
①The _______ (hard) you study, the more progress you will make.
②The more confidence you build up in yourself, the _______ (great) are your chances of success.
③你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。
_____________________ you are, _________________ you will make.
④随着中国经济的快速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得越来越重要了。
With the rapid economic development, China's position on the international stage is getting ________________________．
harder
greater
The more careful
the fewer mistakes
more and more important
——Grammar——
探究五　现在分词(短语)和过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
宾语补足语：某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还需要某个词或短语来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。
语法点1　现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)作宾语补足语的现在分词(短语)与宾语之间的关系
现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语，有doing和being done两种形式。构成现在分词(短语)的动词与宾语之间若是主谓关系，则用doing，表示正在进行的主动动作；若是动宾关系，则用being done，表示正在进行的被动动作。
(2)现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语的情况
位于感官动词后作宾语补足语，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等。
①We see the teacher doing the experiment.
我们看到老师正在做实验。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②I saw her being questioned by the police.
我看到她正在被警察盘问。(表示正在进行的被动动作)
位于使役动词后作宾语补足语，如have, get, keep, leave等。
①Don't have the water running when you brush your teeth.
当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②My mother kept me practising the piano, which made me very annoyed.
妈妈一直让我练钢琴，这让我很烦。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语。
①I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
②With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。(表示正在进行的主动动作)
趁热打铁1
①Nowadays, we use computers to keep the traffic ________ (run) smoothly.
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
③With prices _________ (go) up so fast, we can't afford a house.
running
smoking
going
语法点2　过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
(1)作宾语补足语的过去分词(短语)与宾语之间的关系
及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是该及物动词的逻辑宾语，宾语和该及物动词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
I want the letter posted this afternoon.
我想下午把这封信寄出去。
少数不及物动词(如go, fall等)的过去分词作宾语补足语仅表示动作已完成，因此，宾语与该不及物动词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home.
她在回家的路上发现她的项链不见了。
形容词化的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
(2)过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语的情况
用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
Don't leave the windows broken like this.
不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
用在使役动词have, get, make等的后面作宾语补足语。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高嗓门以便被听到。
用在have后作宾语补足语，可表示以下意义：
(主语)请/派人做某事
I have had my computer repaired.
我请人修了我的电脑。
(主语)完成某事(主语可能参与，也可能不参与)
They are going to have some trees planted.
他们打算种植一些树。
(主语)遭受某种不幸
I have had my bag stolen.
我的包被偷了。
用在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等的后面作宾语补足语。
He can hear the windows beaten by the heavy raindrops.
他能听到大雨点拍打窗户的声音。
用在表示心理状态的动词think, suppose, consider等的后面作宾语补足语。
They considered the matter settled.
他们认为这个问题解决了。
用在表示“希望、要求”等的动词后面作宾语补足语。这类动词有want, wish, expect等。
The boss wouldn't want the problem discussed at the moment.
老板现在不想讨论这个问题。
用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中作宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
With the exams finished, they went to climb Mountain Tai.
考完试，他们去爬泰山了。
趁热打铁2
①由于我的英语不好，我的意思恐怕不能被别人理解。
I am afraid that ___________________________ due to my poor English.
②我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人们把它们送到农民家里。
We began to help pick peaches and then ________________ to the farmers' houses.
③所有的学生都必须在晚上8点前完成作业。
All the students are required to __________________________ before 8 pm.
I can't make myself understood
had them delivered
get their homework finished
语法点3　现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)和不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
非谓语动词 宾语补足语
现在分词(短语) 表示正在进行的主动动作或被动动作
过去分词(短语) 表示被动或动作已完成
不定式(短语) 在with复合结构中，作宾语补足语的不定式表示动作还未发生；感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，此时作宾语补足语的不定式常省略to
①I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。(现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作)
②I heard a song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到有人在唱歌。(现在分词表示正在进行的被动动作)
③I heard the English song sung many times.
我听到这首英文歌曲被唱了许多次。(过去分词表示被动)
④With a lot of homework to do, Tom can't go to the cinema with his father.
因为有很多作业要做，汤姆不能和他的爸爸一起去看电影了。(表示动作还未发生)
⑤I heard her sing an English song just now.
我刚才听到她唱了一首英文歌曲。(强调动作发生的全过程)
趁热打铁3
①要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
____________________________________________________________________
②她经常做一个时间表来提醒自己一天要做什么。
____________________________________________________________________
③对不起，让您久等了。
________________________________________________________
I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.
She often makes a schedule to get herself reminded of what she is to do in the day.
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
de ______________________ _______ , develop, design, definition, decrease
per ________；完全 __________ , perfect, perform, persuade, perceive
sup 在下，向上 _______ , support, supplement, supplant, suppose
ish _________ _______ , nourish, vanish, flourish, polish
——Vocabulary——
一、构词法
去除；离开；取消；向下
devote
贯穿
permission
supply
做；致使
establish
二、关于环境保护的词汇
1．___________ water bottle 可重复使用的水瓶
2．carbon ___________ 碳足迹；碳排放量
3．renewable ___________ 可再生能源
4．low carbon life ___________
5．water conservation _____
6．greenhouse effect ____________
7．_________ sorting 垃圾分类
8．raise public ___________ of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识
9．carbon dioxide emission _______________
10．_________ warming 全球变暖
reusable
footprint
energy
低碳生活
节水
温室效应
garbage
awareness
二氧化碳排放
global
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能——环境问题的听力技巧
此类话题常见的设题点：
(1)who(谁做某事，谈话者是谁，谈话双方在谈论谁)
(2)what (什么环境问题，是什么造成的环境问题)
(3)how(某人怎么做，怎样行动来保护环境)
(4)why(为什么采取措施保护环境，为什么用某种方式保护环境)
Q：How does Eric get to work on Monday
A．By bus.　　　 B．By train.　　　
C．By car.
录音：
W：Oh, it's a surprise to see you catching a bus to work, Eric. Where's your car
M：I want to make contributions to protecting environment as much as I can, so I decided to take a bus every Monday.
W：That's a good idea.
题目询问Eric上班的交通方式，根据关键词“take a bus”“every Monday”可知，Eric在周一会坐公共汽车去上班。故选A。
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
　用以下两个问题，和你的小伙伴互相提问，了解如何保护动植物及其赖以生存的环境。
1．How do human activities indirectly have an effect on animals
2．What can you do to help protect the environment
课堂作业　巩固内化
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．He would rather lose his life than see ________ (损害) done to state property.
2．The measures are intended to _________ (使恢复) public confidence in the economy.
3．Have you seen the newly _________ (发行) film, whose leading actor is world famous
4．To create wildlife _________ (保护区) and parks is another effective way to protect animals.
5．We were deeply _________ (影响) by the drought in the south.
damage
restore
released
reserves
affected
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As I got closer, I saw him _________ (kick) his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
2．We are pleased to see the suggestion _________ (adopt) by many schools to help free students from the heavy schoolwork.
3．I was surprised to find my hometown _________ (change) so much.
4．With the temperature _________ (rise), the leaves and grass began to appear.
5．The teacher had the students' homework _________ (finish) before class.
kicking
adopted
changed
rising
finished
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The flu virus (流感病毒) is highly ____________. It can easily _________ people who are in close contact with an _________ person. (infect)
2．The morning was _________ , and a thick ______ covered the entire town, making it difficult to see beyond a few meters. (fog)
infectious
infect
infected
foggy
fog
3．The school aimed to __________ a new scholarship program. Finally, the successful ___________ of this program brought more opportunities to students. (establish)
4．Animal ___________ is a serious issue. People who are _________ to animals should be punished. (cruel)
5．To ___________ the planet's resources, we must adopt ___________ practices, such as reducing waste and using renewable energy. (sustain)
establish
establishment
cruelty
cruel
sustain
sustainable
Ⅳ.翻译
1．Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we ______________________________________ (致力于建设一个和谐的社会)．
2．It is said that books on popular science are _______________ (供应不足)．
3．Fire __________________________________ (已经对……造成严重损害) the contents of the building.
4．当我们看到道路被雪堵塞时，我们决定在家度假。(过去分词短语作宾语补足语)
__________________________________________________________________
5．毫无疑问，练得越多，你的英语口语就越流利。(the more ..., the more ...)
__________________________________________________________________
be devoted to building a harmonious society
in short supply
has caused/done severe damage to
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
There is no doubt that the more you practice, the more fluently you can speak English.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
Ⅰ　完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. I went there for camping with my parents. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up. I touched that __1__ rock and knew immediately I wanted to __2__ it. That has been my life's __3__ ever since—climbing the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my home.
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★★★
About 7 years ago I started seeing a lot of waste, __4__ beer cans, empty boxes, around the area. It's beyond me why visitors started respecting the place less and treated such a beautiful __5__ place this way.
I made an attempt to clean the place myself, but the job was too __6__. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I had to __7__ an idea to change the situation.
In 2018, together with some climbers, I set a __8__ for a cleanup. On that day, more than 300 people appeared there. Over three days we __9__ about 6，000 pounds of trash. It was __10__ how much we were able to achieve. I couldn't believe the difference we made—the __11__ looked clean!
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜爱约塞米蒂国家公园，看到公园有很多垃圾，于是号召志愿者一起进行清理，极大地改善了公园的环境。
Each year these climbers come for the __12__ from everywhere. In 2022 alone, 2，945 people picked up 42，330 pounds of trash.
There are many people around us who are __13__ with their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by __14__ rather than complaining. We need to teach by example. After all, everybody has his __15__ to protect the environment.
1．A.deep B．mysterious
C．giant D．slim
解析：根据前文“a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up”可知，这块岩石很大。故选C。
2．A.perform B．signal
C．climb D．compose
解析：根据后文“climbing the rocks”可知，作者想要攀爬这块岩石。故选C。
3．A.failure B．passion
C．contest D．admiration
解析：根据后文“I've long made Yosemite my home.”可知，作者把公园当成了自己的家，说明攀登约塞米蒂国家公园的岩石和山脉是作者的激情所在。故选B。
4．A.like B．as
C．except D．with
解析：根据后文“beer cans, empty boxes”可知，此处是在对看到的垃圾进行举例。故选A。
5．A.homelike B．lifelike
C．industrial D．firm
解析：根据前文“I've long made Yosemite my home.”可知，作者认为该公园像家一样舒适、美丽。故选A。
6．A.professional B．minor
C．small D．big
解析：根据后文“I would spend ... weeks later.”可知，清理工作量很大。故选D。
7．A.put up with B．come up with
C．keep up with D．team up with
解析：根据后文“an idea to change the situation”可知，此处指作者不得不想出一个主意来改变这种情况。故选B。
8．A.place B．date
C．figure D．plot
解析：根据后文“On that day, more than 300 people appeared there.”可知，此处指作者确定了一个清理的日期。故选B。
9．A.required B．received
C．shot D．collected
解析：根据后文“about 6，000 pounds of trash”可知，作者他们收集了大约6，000磅的垃圾。故选D。
10．A.complex B．visual
C．tense D．unbelievable
解析：根据后文“I couldn't believe”可知，他们收集了大约6，000磅的垃圾，这一成就是令人难以置信的。故选D。
11．A.park B．lake
C．garden D．campus
解析：根据前文“I fell in love with Yosemite National Park”可知，此处指约塞米蒂国家公园看起来很干净了。故选A。
12．A.cleanup B．stage
C．ceremony D．party
解析：根据前文“about 6，000 pounds of trash”可知，这些登山者来这里捡垃圾，即从事清理工作。故选A。
13．A.content B．dissatisfied
C．busy D．Confident
解析：根据后文“If you are one of them ... rather than complaining.”可知，如果对环境不满意，就要采取行动。故选B。
14．A.working through B．working out
C．taking action D．taking off
解析：根据后文“rather than complaining”可知，此处指作者呼吁采取行动，而不是抱怨。故选C。
15．A.request
B．cause
C．balance
D．duty
解析：根据后文“to protect the environment”和常识可知，此处指保护环境人人有责。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
You've heard of planning a trip around a museum you desire to visit or cuisine you want to try, but is the trip focusing on getting __1__ better night's sleep a choice of __2__ (you) It's called sleep tourism, a travel trend referring to travel experiences that __3__ (design) specifically to improve your quality of sleep.
Going on a vacation might seem like a much __4__ (strange) way to improve your sleep than taking medicine. However, many people __5__ (undertake) or expressed interest in sleep tourism in the past years and it is growing in popularity, with an increasing amount of sleep focused stays __6__ (appear) in hotels and tourist attractions across the world.
Why has this trend taken off Some experts say travelers are waking up to the idea __7__ traveling doesn't have to come at the expense of sleep. With sleep tourism, they can gain first hand __8__ (expose) to helpful sleep habits and environmental factors that work __9__ them and that they can include into their daily routine. According to Hilton's third annual trends report, regardless of generations, the No. 1 reason people want to travel is to rest and recharge. And they think more investment made in travelers' sleep __10__ sleep focused experiences could be expected.
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的旅游趋势——睡眠旅游。
1．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处sleep表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且better的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．答案：yours
解析：考查代词。此处是“of＋名词性物主代词”构成的双重所有格，表示“你的选择”。故填yours。
3．答案：are designed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语that指代先行词travel experiences，表示复数含义，与design之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are designed。
4．答案：stranger
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填stranger。
5．答案：have undertaken
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语many people为复数。故填have undertaken。
6．答案：appearing
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，appear与sleep focused stays之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填appearing。
7．答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句的连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容，且从句成分和意义均完整，应用that引导。故填that。
8．答案：exposure
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作gain的宾语，exposure意为“接触，体验”，为不可数名词。故填exposure。
9．答案：for
解析：考查介词。work for为固定搭配，意为“对……起作用，对……有用”。故填for。
10．答案：and
解析：考查连词。travelers' sleep和sleep focused experiences之间为并列关系，且位于肯定句中，应用and连接。故填and。
Ⅲ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a hot September afternoon, Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library. When they passed by Tubman Park, Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library. As they entered the park, the sight of the swings (秋千) and the merry go round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything looked so old, sad, and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often.
As they headed toward the library, the two high school students wrinkled their foreheads. In the library, they encountered Mrs Evans, their kind hearted fifth grade teacher, retired yet still passionate. Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they'd seen. Finally, she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns.
The next day, Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer. They were informed that the city couldn't help with their problem due to a tight budget. Discouraged, they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help.
Under her guidance, they decided to ask Go Green, a non profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment, for help. “This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans. She promised to arrange for them to present their ideas to Go Green. Hearing this, their faces lit up.
Two main tasks remained ahead: researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking, they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often, which saves time, money, and energy. Based on this, Peter practiced his presentation over and over again.
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Peter (彼得)和Isabel (伊莎贝尔)经过儿时玩耍的塔布曼公园时发现公园破败不堪，满地垃圾，于是他们决定想办法改变其面貌。在Evans (埃文斯)老师的建议下，他们决定向环境保护组织Go Green寻求帮助。他们最终得到Go Green的支持了吗？他们从中有什么感悟？
[精彩范文]
A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting. He could feel nothing but his hands shaking and heart pounding. “You will be great, Peter，” Isabel encouraged him. Just then, Peter heard his name being announced. It was time to present! Peter took a deep breath and then went on the stage. “Tubman Park needs a new kind of trash can，” Peter explained, pointing to a poster of a trash can. Then Peter explained the working principle of the trash can in detail. The judges nodded as they listened, seemingly interested in the project.
After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news. Go Green had agreed to buy new trash cans for the park! Hearing the inspiring news, they both leaped into the air with joy. Peter barely had time to savor the moment before Isabel started sharing the news with Mrs Evans and showing their gratitude to her. Learning the result, Mrs Evans smiled through misty eyes. “I know you can do it! Tubman Park is sure to become one that is clean and green again！” Never before had Peter and Isabel been so proud of themselves.
A pond in Hawaii has turned so pink that it could be from the Barbie movie—but it's no cause for a dance party. Drought may be the reason for the strange color, scientists say, and they're warning against entering the water or drinking it.
Workers at the Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Maui have been watching the situation of the pink water after getting a phone call from somebody who was walking on the beach.
“I just got a report from somebody who was walking on the beach, and they called me up like ‘There's something weird going on over here’，” said Bret Wolfe, the refuge manager.
精深阅读
Wolfe was concerned the bright pink could be a sign of an event called an algae bloom (绿藻泛池), but lab tests found such algae was not causing the color. Instead, an organism (微生物) called halobacteria (嗜盐细菌) might be the cause.
Halobacteria are a type of organism that lives in bodies of water with high levels of salt. The salinity (盐度) inside the Kealia Pond outlet area is now greater than 70 parts per thousand, which is twice the salinity of seawater. Wolfe said they will need to study the DNA to confirm the organism.
Maui's drought is likely leading to the situation. Normally Waikapu Stream feeds into Kealia Pond and raises water levels there, but Wolfe said that hasn't happened in a long time.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了夏威夷的一个池塘变成了粉红色以及对此的相关研究。
When it rains, the stream will flow into Kealia's main pond and then into the outlet area that's now pink. This will reduce the salinity and potentially change the water's color.
The refuge has seen an increase in visitors after photos of the pink pond were posted on social media. Wolfe said he would love to have visitors come to learn about local aims to protect nature.
But officials have announced a special warning for people not to enter the water or eat any fish caught there.
1．What does the underlined word “weird” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Unusual.
B．Attractive.
C．Impossible.
D．Dangerous.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A pond in Hawaii ... from the Barbie movie”及画线词所在句“I just got ... called me up like”可知，池塘的水变成粉红色是非正常现象，有人打电话就是要汇报这件不同寻常的事。由此可推知，画线词意为“非同寻常的”。故选A。
2．Why are halobacteria considered to be the cause of the colour
A．Their DNA has been studied.
B．They usually live in seawater.
C．The salinity in the pond is now much greater.
D．They did the same thing a short time ago.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Halobacteria are a type of ... the salinity of seawater.”可知，人们是根据这个池塘的异常高的含盐度来推测是嗜盐细菌导致水的颜色发生了变化。故选C。
3．What will wolfe do next
A．Clear the halobacteria away.
B．Keep on studying the problem.
C．Add some fresh water to the pond.
D．Stop people from visiting the pond.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Wolfe said they will need to study the DNA to confirm the organism.”可知，Wolfe (沃尔夫)会继续研究这个问题，以确定其真正原因。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Climate Change Has Caught Serious Drought in Hawaii
B．A Pond in Hawaii Has Become Famous for a Barbie Movie
C．People in Hawaii are Worried about Water Pollution
D．A Pond in Hawaii Mysteriously Turns Bright Pink
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了夏威夷一个池塘的水突然变成了粉色，以及人们对这一怪异现象的研究。因此D项(夏威夷的一个池塘神秘地变成了鲜艳的粉红色)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。
(一)热词
1．drought n. _____________
2．________ n. 标志；迹象；符号　v. 签名；打手势
3．confirm v. ________________
4．________ adj. 可能的　adv. 大概，很可能
5．potentially adv. ______________
精深阅读——好词句小练
久旱；旱灾
sign
确定；确认；证实
likely
可能地；潜在地
(二)高频短语
6．warn against doing sth ______________
7．__________ 打电话
8．a type of __________
9．__________ 流入
10．__________ 在……上发布(信息或图片)
警告不要做某事
call up
一类，一种
flow into
post on
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．She ________________ (play) tennis since she was eight.
12．In this book you will find the reasons _____ this common complaint.
13．It's believed that the affair was ____________ (potential) harmful to British aviation.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Officials reacted angrily to those charges. ________
15．The couple announced their engagement, celebrating their commitment to a lifelong journey together. ________
16．Social media addiction is a threat to our health. ____________
has been playing
for
potentially
官员
宣布
社交媒体
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．What do you charge for this sort of work？__________
18．She was chosen for a research team, with the goal of discovering a new treatment. __________
19．This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. __________
type
increase, type, aim
aim
increase
(六)长难句分析
20．When it rains, the stream will flow into Kealia's main pond and then into the outlet area that's now pink.
句意：下雨的时候，小溪会流入凯阿利亚的主池塘，然后流入现在是粉红色的出水口。
分析：主干是________________________________________________________ ____________；When引导____________从句；and连接两个并列的__________ into Kealia's main pond和into the outlet area；that引导_______从句，修饰area。
the stream will flow into Kealia's main pond and then into the outlet area
时间状语
介词短语
定语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．Generally, scientists __________________________ (警告不要做决定) based on the questionable theory.
22．T shirts are ___________ (一种) casual wear.
(八)仿写句子
23．A pond in Hawaii has turned so pink that it could be from the Barbie movie—but it's no cause for a dance party. (so ... that ...)
仿写：这口井很深，孩子们被警告不要在旁边玩耍。
____________________________________________________________________
warn against making decisions
a type of
The well is so deep that kids are warned against playing beside it.

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