中考英语二轮核心知识精讲(句型 短语 场景 易错点全突破)-讲义

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中考英语二轮核心知识精讲(句型 短语 场景 易错点全突破)-讲义

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初中英语核心知识精讲讲义
句型 高频短语 场景应用 易错点全突破
初中英语核心知识精讲讲义
句型 短语 场景 易错点全突破
本讲义围绕初中英语核心考点,从基础句型、高频短语、场景应用到易
错点梳理,层层递进;每个模块均搭配 “用法提示”“搭配拓展”“实战例
句”,帮助同学们理解并灵活运用。建议结合课堂学习,每天花 15-20 分钟巩
固对应内容,可直接打印使用。
目录
一、基础句型通关(5 大基本句型 + 3 大复合句句型)
二、高频短语实战(按功能分类,附搭配拓展)
三、场景应用突破(4 大高频场景,融入句型短语)
四、易错点精讲(3 大高频易错点,对比辨析)
五、课后巩固练习(句型转换 + 短语填空 + 场景写作)
一、基础句型通关
(一)五大基本句型(初中英语语法基石)
1. 主谓句型(S+V,不及物动词作谓语)
核心结构:主语(人 / 物)+ 不及物动词(无宾语)
实战例句:
The bell rings.① (铃声响了。)
Spring comes.② (春天来了。)
用法提示:常见不及物动词有 rise(上升)、arrive(到达)、happen(发
生)、sleep(睡觉),此类动词后不可直接接名词作宾语,若需接地点,需加
介词(如 arrive in Beijing,不可说 arrive Beijing)。
2. 主谓宾句型(S+V+O,及物动词作谓语)
核心结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语(名词 / 代词 / 动名词)
实战例句:
She reads English books every morning.① (她每天早上读英语书。)
We enjoy playing basketball after class.② (我们喜欢课后打篮球。)
用法提示:及物动词必须接宾语才完整,常见及物动词有 finish(完成)、
want(想要)、like(喜欢)、teach(教);若宾语是 “动词”,需用动名词
(doing)或不定式(to do),如 “want to do”“enjoy doing”。
3. 主系表句型(S+Link V+P,系动词连接主语和表语)
核心结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语)
实战例句:
The soup tastes delicious.① (这汤尝起来很美味。)
He is a middle school student.② (他是一名初中生。)
My home is near the park.③ (我家在公园附近。)
用法提示:除了 be 动词(am/is/are),常见系动词还有:
感官类:taste(尝)、sound(听)、feel(摸)、smell(闻);
变化类:become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(转变),如 “The leaves turn
yellow in autumn.”(树叶在秋天变黄。)
4. 主谓双宾句型(S+V+IO+DO,间接宾语 + 直接宾语)
核心结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)
实战例句:
Mom bought me a new schoolbag.① (妈妈给我买了一个新书包。)
The teacher told us a funny story.② (老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。)
搭配拓展:可转换为 “主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 + for/to + 间接宾语”,
如:
buy sb sth = buy sth for sb(为某人买某物);
tell sb sth = tell sth to sb(告诉某人某事)。
5. 主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C,宾语补足语补充说明宾语)
核心结构:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(名词 / 形容词 / 不定式)
实战例句:
We made him our class monitor.① (我们选他当班长。)(名词作宾补)
The news made her happy.② (这个消息让她很开心。)(形容词作宾补)
My parents ask me to finish homework first.③ (爸妈让我先完成作业。)(不
定式作宾补)
用法提示:使役动词(make/let/have)后接不定式作宾补时,需省略 “to”,
如 “Let him go.”(让他走。),不可说 “Let him to go.”。
(二)三大高频复合句句型(中考重点)
1. if 引导的条件状语从句(“如果……,就……”)
核心规则:主句用一般将来时(will do),从句用一般现在时(主将从现)
实战例句:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.① (如果明天不下雨,我们就去
徒步。)
You will get good grades if you study hard.② (如果你努力学习,就会取得好成
绩。)
用法提示:从句不可用将来时,如不可说 “If it will not rain...”。
2. because 引导的原因状语从句(“因为……,所以……”)
核心规则:because 和 so 不可同时使用(中文可连用,英文需二选一)
实战例句:
She stayed at home because she was ill.① (她因为生病待在家里。)(正确)
She was ill, so she stayed at home.② (她生病了,所以待在家里。)(正确)
③ 错误:She stayed at home because she was ill, so.(删除 because 或 so)
用法提示:回答 “why” 提问时,必须用 because,如 “Why are you late ”
“Because the bus was slow.”。
3. though/although 引导的让步状语从句(“虽然……,但是……”)
核心规则:though/although 和 but 不可同时使用
实战例句:
Though he is tired, he still helps his mom with housework.① (虽然他很累,但
还是帮妈妈做家务。)(正确)
He is tired, but he still helps his mom with housework.② (他很累,但还是帮妈
妈做家务。)(正确)
③ 错误:Though he is tired, but he still helps...(删除 though 或 but)
二、高频短语实战(按功能分类)
(一)动作类短语(中考高频,附搭配拓展)
短语 中文含义 实战例句 搭配拓展
carry out 执行;实施 We need to carry out the plan this week. carry out a
survey(做调查)、carry out a project(执行项目)
deal with 处理;应对 How do you deal with difficult problems deal with
stress(应对压力)、deal with mistakes(处理错误)
look after 照顾;照料 She looks after her grandma every weekend. look after
sb carefully(细心照顾某人)、look after oneself(照顾自己)
take care of 照顾;爱护 We should take care of small animals. take care not
to do(小心别做某事),如 “Take care not to fall.”
work out 算出;解决 He spent 10 minutes working out the math problem.
work out a solution(想出解决方案)
(二)情感与态度类短语
短语 中文含义 实战例句 用法提示
be proud of 为…… 骄傲 Parents are proud of their children’s progress. 后
接名词 / 代词 /doing,如 “be proud of winning”(为获胜骄傲)
be afraid of 害怕…… He is not afraid of speaking English in class. 区别 “ be
afraid to do”(害怕做某事),如 “be afraid to swim”(害怕游泳)
be glad to do 乐意做…… I am glad to help you with your English. 后 接 动 词
原形,如 “be glad to meet you”(很高兴见到你)
look forward to 期待…… We are looking forward to the summer holiday. 后
接名词 /doing,不可接 to do,如 “look forward to visiting”(期待参观)
(三)环境与生活类短语
短语 中文含义 实战例句 中考链接
protect...from 保护…… 免受 We must protect the earth from pollution. 环
保类作文高频短语,后接名词 /being done,如 “protect animals from being
hurt”
cut down 砍伐;减少 People shouldn’t cut down trees randomly. 拓展 “cut
down on”(减少),如 “cut down on waste”(减少浪费)
clean up 打扫干净 Let’s clean up the classroom after class. 校 园 生 活 场 景
常用,如 “clean up the park”(打扫公园)
save energy 节约能源 We can save energy by turning off lights. 环 保 类 话 题 核
心短语,可用于写作举例
三、场景应用突破(融入句型与短语)
(一)场景 1:校园生活(日常对话 + 写作素材)
对 话 示 例 : A: Hi, Zhang Hua! Did you work out the physics problem
yesterday B: No, I didn’t. It was too difficult. But our teacher helped me this
morning.A: That’s good! Do you plan to join the English corner this afternoon
B: Sure! I am afraid of speaking English in public, so I want to practice there.A:
I’ll go with you. Let’s meet at the classroom door after lunch.B: Great! I am
looking forward to it.
核 心 知 识 点 : 用 到 “ work out”“plan to do”“be afraid of”“look forward
to”,以及 “so” 连接的并列句。
(二)场景 2:日常交流(询问与回应)
对话示例:A: How was your weekend, Linda B: It was wonderful! I went to the
library with my sister. We read some storybooks and then cleaned up the reading
area.A: Did you meet your friend there B: Yes! We talked about our favorite
books. She is glad to lend me her new novel.A: Sounds fun! Can you tell me
about the novel tomorrow B: Of course! I am glad to share it with you.
核 心 知 识 点 : 用 到 “ how was...” ( 询 问 情 况 ) 、 “ be glad to do”“lend sb
sth”,以及过去时(描述周末)。
(三)场景 3:环保实践(作文常用)
段 落 示 例 : Protecting the environment is important for everyone. We can do
many small things in daily life: first, we should turn off lights when we leave the
room to save energy; second, we mustn’t cut down trees, because trees can
protect us from pollution; third, we can clean up the park with our classmates on
weekends. If everyone does these things, our earth will be better.
核心知识点:用到 “protect...from”“save energy”“cut down”“if” 条件句,适
合环保类作文开头或主体段。
(四)场景 4:假期计划(写作高频)
段落示例:I plan to spend the winter holiday with my family. First, we will visit
my grandparents in the countryside. I will help them look after the chickens and
clean up their house. Then, if the weather is fine, we will go skiing. I am not good
at skiing, but I am glad to try. I think this holiday will be happy, and I am
looking forward to it.
核心知识点:用到 “plan to do”“if” 条件句 “look after”“though” 让步关系,
可直接用于假期计划类写作。
四、易错点精讲(对比辨析,避免丢分)
(一)易错点
1:too...to... 与 so...that... 的区别
结构 含义 句式特点 实战例句
too...to... 太…… 而不能 肯定形式表否定,无从句
He is too young to drive.(他太小不能开车。)
2. so...that... 如此…… 以至于 需接从句,可表肯定 / 否定
He is so young that he can’t drive.(他太小,以至于不能开车。)
转换技巧:too...to... 可转换为 “so...that...+ 否定从句”,如:
The box is too heavy to carry. → The box is so heavy that we can’t carry it.
(二)易错点
used to do 与 be used to doing 的区别
结构 含义 后接成分 实战例句
used to do 过去常常做 动词原形 (do) I used to walk to school.(我过去走
路上学。)(现在可能不走路了)
be used to doing习惯做 动名词 (doing) I am used to walking to school.(我
习惯走路上学。)(现在仍走路)
记忆口诀:“used to 跟原形,过去常常做;be used to 跟 doing,习惯做某
事”。
(三)易错点 3:look for /find/find out 的区别
短语 含义 强调重点 实战例句
look for 寻找 动作(是否找到未知) She is looking for her key. ( 她 在 找 钥
匙。)(还没找到)
find找到 结果(找到 / 没找到) She found her key under the sofa.(她在沙
发下找到了钥匙。)(有结果)
find out 查明;弄清楚 通过努力得知真相 / 信息 We need to find out who
broke the window.(我们要查明谁打破了窗户。)
五、课后巩固练习
(一)句型转换(每空一词)
He is too short to reach the shelf.(改为 so...that... 句型)He is ____ short ____
he can’t reach the shelf.(答案:so; that)
I used to swim in the river. (改为一般疑问句) ____ you ____ to swim in the
river (答案:Did; use)
She is glad to help her classmates. ( 改 为 同 义 句 ) She is glad ____ ____ her
classmates.(答案:of helping)
(二)短语填空(根据中文提示补全短语)
We should ____ ____ ____ ____(保护动物免受伤害).(答案:protect animals
from being hurt)
My mom ____ ____ ____ ____(习惯早起)every morning.(答案:is used to
getting up early)
They will ____ ____(打扫干净)the park this Sunday.(答案:clean up)
(三)场景写作(根据 “周末计划” 写 5 句话,要求:①用到 “plan to do”
和 “if” 句型;②包含 “take a walk” 短语)
示例:
I plan to go to the park with my family this weekend.
If the weather is sunny, we will have a picnic there.
After the picnic, we want to take a walk by the lake.
My little sister will fly a kite, and I will help her.
I think we will have a happy weekend

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