2025年四川高职单招英语复习课件:2.4主谓一致(共18张PPT)

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2025年四川高职单招英语复习课件:2.4主谓一致(共18张PPT)

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(共18张PPT)
专题二 句 法
C
C
第四节 主谓一致
1. 【2021·四川省高职单招】The teacher said, “Two weeks ______ long enough for you to finish the book.”
A. are B. were C. was D. is
【剖析】考查时态和主谓一致。直接引语描述的是一个事实,所以用一般现在时。表示时间、距离等的名词作主语时,常视为一个整体,虽然Two weeks在形式上是复数,但它作为一个整体来讲时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选D。
2. Visitors ______ to be as quiet as possible in the hall.
A. are asking B. are asked C. ask D. asks
【剖析】考查主谓一致。visitors是复数,可排除D, 根据句意“参观者被要求在大厅里尽量保持安静。”可知要用被动语态。故选B。
D
B
C
3. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ______ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping
【剖析】the number of cars表示“小汽车的数目”,做主语时动词用单数形式。these days暗示该空表示现阶段的动作。因此应填keeps。注意:主语的中心语为the number而非cars。解答此类题目时,一定要先去掉这些附加成分,留下主语的主体。因为附加成分不是真正的主语,而是起着限定、说明、补充的作用,然后再依据主语确定谓语的单复数形式。
C
C
考点精讲
主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。这是英语语法必须遵循的原则,也是与汉语的不同之处。
英语的主谓一致应遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
考点一 语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
(1) 不可数名词、可数名词单数、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Water is the most important for people's life. 水对于生命来说是最重要的。
The boy is fond of football. 这个男孩喜欢足球。
To protect environment is our duty. 保护环境是我们的义务。
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。
What the teacher said is useful for us. 那位老师所说的话对我们十分有用。
(2) 复数名词或复数代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The students are studying hard. 学生们正在努力学习。
They have been to Shanghai. 他们曾经去过上海。
(3) 由and连接的并列主语,如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物时(and连接的两个作主语的名词前都有冠词的情况),谓语用复数;如果该并列主语是指同一人或同一事物(and后面的名词前没有冠词的情况),谓语用单数。
Lily and Lucy are students. 莉莉和露西是学生。
A writer and a worker are coming here. 一位作家和一名工人要来这里。
The worker and writer is coming to our school. 那位工人作家会来我们学校。(既是工人又是作家的人)
(4) both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Mary and Tom come from America. 玛丽和汤姆都来自美国。
(5) 有些只有复数形式的名词,如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves, chopsticks, pants等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。
Jim's trousers are fashionable. Jim的裤子很时髦。
(6) “a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生都在教室里。
The number of students in our class is more than 50. 我们班学生的数量超过50人。
(7) 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, no one, anyone等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Something is wrong with my radio. 我的收音机出了毛病。
Is everyone here 每个人都在吗?
Nobody was in when I went to Black's house. 当我去布莱克家的时候,家里没人。
(8) 句中有with, along with, besides, except, as well as, including, rather than, as much as, no less than, together with等和主语连用,谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。
John with his classmates is going to have a picnic tomorrow. 明天约翰和他的同学们将去野餐。
He as well as his parents was friendly and kind. 他和他的父母都很友好和善良。
English besides Chinese is taught in our school. 除汉语外我们学校还教英语。
(9) “表单位、度量的短语+名词”作主语时,谓语动词应由“单位、度量”名词的数来决定,如quantity, kind, sort, type, form, pair, glass, load, block, box, ton, piece等。
Large quantities of food and water are needed there. 那里需要大量的食物和水。
A pair of trousers is on your bed. 你床上有一条裤子。
(10) “分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“短语a lot of, lots of, plenty of, most of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数由后面名词的数来决定。后面名词为单数,谓语动词用单数;后面名词为复数,谓语动词用复数。
Lots of the work has been finished. 大量的工作被完成了。
Two thirds of the novels are written in Chinese. 有三分之二的小说是用中文写的。
(11) 名词前面被each, many a, more than one, every, no 等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl has got a gift. 每个男孩和女孩都得到了礼物。
Many a student enjoys pop music. 许多学生都喜欢流行音乐。
(12) none作主语,指可数名词时,谓语动词常用单数形式,也可以用复数形式;指不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。all 指“一切事”时,谓语动词用单数形式;指“所有人”时,谓语动词用复数形式。
None of students has/have known about the news. 学生中没有人知道这个消息。
None is left in the room. 房间里没留下什么东西。
All are studying hard and all is right. 大家都在努力学习,一切正常。
(13) 定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。
I know the workers who speak English. 我认识那些讲英语的工人。
I know the worker who speaks English. 我认识那个讲英语的工人。
(14) “one of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;用作先行词引导定语从句时,定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of+名词复数”作先行词,引导定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
Smith is one of the foreigners who speak German in the factory. 史密斯是这家工厂里讲德语的外国人之一。
Smith is the only one of the foreigners who speaks German in the factory. 史密斯是这家工厂唯一一个讲德语的外国人。
(15) a good many, a few, several修饰名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
A good many boys are going to take part in the sports meeting. 许多男孩要去参加运动会。
Several teachers have seen the accident. 一些老师看到了这次事故。
考点二 意义一致原则
英语中有些名词或代词所表达的数量是根据句中不同的词义来确定的。当它们作主语时,谓语动词的单数或复数形式应由词义来确定。
(1) 有些名词形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are searching the forest for the lost boy. 警察正在森林里搜寻那个迷路的男孩。
Some people are fond of fishing. 一些人喜欢钓鱼。
(2)有些名词形式上是复数,而实际上是不可数名词,如news, maths, physics, politics, statistics, gymnastics, athletics等,这些名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Physics is hard to study. 物理很难学。
(3) 有些集体名词如crowd, team, group, family, government, class, staff, public等作主语,谓语动词的数要根据具体使用环境来确定,若表示个体单位,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My family are fond of watching TV. 我的家人都喜欢看电视。
My family isn't large but comfortable. 我的家不大但很舒服。
(4) 表示重量、度量、时间、金钱、人口、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
200 miles per hour is too fast. 每小时200英里太快了。
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月算是长假了。
Five and three is eight. 5加3等于8。
The population of this area is more than 1 million. 这个地区的人口超过100万。
Ten dollars is on the table. 餐桌上有10美元。
(5) 一些量词或短语如half (of), party (of), plenty (of), the rest (of) 等作主语,谓语动词的数应根据它所修饰的名词或指代的名词来确定。
Half of the work has been finished. 一半的工作已被完成。
Half of the students have finished their task. 一半的学生已完成他们的任务。
(6) “定冠词the+形容词”作主语,若指个体或事物,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。
The old is going to be sent to a big hospital. 这位老人将被送到一所大医院。
The old are leading a happy life in the country. 这个国家的老年人过着幸福的生活。
(7) 一些单复数同形的名词如fish, deer, sheep, means, Chinese, Japanese等作主语时,谓语动词的数由句中意义来确定。
A Chinese is talking with a Japanese in English. 一个中国人和一个日本人正在用英语交谈。
The Chinese are all friendly. 中国人都很友好。
(8) “one+单数名词+or two”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“one or two+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
One day or two is enough for us.
= One or two days are enough for us. 一两天对我们来说足够了。
(9) what 引导的名词性从句充当主语,如果表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。
What we need is food. 我们需要的是食物。
What I say and think are none of your business.
我所说的和想的与你无关。
What Tom needs are good books. Tom
需要的是一些好书。
考点三 就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由相邻谓语动词最近的主语确定。
(1) 连词or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not only…but also…等连接并列主语,谓语动词的数需与临近的主语保持一致。
Not only Tom but also his classmates are going to see the film. 不仅汤姆,他的同学们也要去看电影。
Neither you nor I am mad. 你我都没疯。
(2) 在Here/There be 的句型中,be动词的数需与相邻的名词保持一致。
Here is a pen and two notebooks. 这是一支笔和两本笔记本。
There are some apples and oranges on the table. 桌上有一些苹果和橘子。
(3) 当前面句子的说法适用于另一人或物时,肯定句常用句型:so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语;否定句用neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。
—Mike has been to China. 迈克去过中国。
—So has John. 约翰也去过。
—He can't speak English. 他不会讲英语。
—Neither/Nor can I. 我也不会。
(4) 当对前面的句子的说法表示赞同时(上下句主语为同一人或物),常用句型:so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词。
—Kunming is a good place to live in. 昆明是一个很好的居住地。
—So it is. I love the weather there. 确实如此,我喜欢那里的天气。

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