期末复习语法学习专题课(介词)课件(共40张PPT) 2025-2026学年七年级英语人教版上册

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期末复习语法学习专题课(介词)课件(共40张PPT) 2025-2026学年七年级英语人教版上册

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(共40张PPT)
01
介词的作用
02
时间介词
03
方位介词
04
其他介词/固定搭配
05
练习巩固
介词的作用
Consider the following questions.
Where do you live
What time do you get up everyday
How do you go to school everyday
I live in China.
I get up at 8:00
I go to school by bus with my friends.
I live in China
I get up at 8:00
I go to school by bus with my friends.
介词的作用 (The basic job of Prepositions) 功能描述 (What it tells us) 对应的例词
1. 空间定位 (Location) 确定地点、位置和方向。 in, on, under...
2. 时间定位 (Time) 确定时间点或时间段。 at, before, after...
3. 关系定位 (Relationship) 确定方式、工具或伴随对象等。 by, with, of...
Look at the red prepositions in these sentences
Let’s sum up the basic job of preposition
介词+代词/名词/动名词=一个整体
使用公式
介词一般用于_________、_______ 或者 _______之前,表示该词与句中其他成分的_________。
名词
代词
动名词
关系
时间介词
in
用于大段/长段时间
例如月份、季节、年份、世纪前
on
用于具体的
某一天(带 Day)
或日期
at 7:30; at the moment
on Monday; on my birthday;
on July 5th; on Christmas Day
in August;in Spring; in 2025
at
用于时钟上
的精确时间点
易混淆辨析 1
In the morning / afternoon / evening
在 早上 下午 傍晚
At noon / night
在 正午 /夜里
特殊固定搭配,单独记忆
易混淆辨析 2
特殊固定搭配,单独记忆。
指明具体是哪一天的早上、中午、下午、傍晚、晚上 都用 on
on Tuesday morning (在周二早上)
on Sunday afternoon (在周日下午)
on New Year's Eve (在除夕夜)
on my birthday evening (在我生日的晚上)
on the night of the concert (在音乐会的那天晚上)
You try !
Jim gets up ___ 9:30 a.m.
at
I often have lunch ___ noon.
at
I will meet you ___ the morning.
I will meet you ___ Monday morning.
in
on
My birthday is ____ August 1th.
on
in
We had The Beijing Olympic Game ___ 2008.
We will have a big dinner ____ Christmas Eve.
on
It is very hot ___ the summer.
in
We are playing football ___ the afternoon.
in
He is watching TV ___ night.
at
其他描述时间的介词
介词 中文意思 规则强调 经典例句
before / after 在...之前/后 表示时间顺序 before class (课前), after dinner (晚饭后)
during 在...期间 强调在某段时间(或事件)内发生,后接名词 during the holiday (假期期间); during the match (比赛期间)
for 持续... 表示动作持续了多长时间(后接时间长度) study for three hours (学习三小时)
from... to... 从...到... 表示时间段的起始和结束 from Monday to Friday (从周一到周五)
in 在...之后 后接时间段 (如 days, weeks);常用于将来时,表示动作在一段时间后发生 I will finish it in ten minutes. (我将在十分钟后完成。)
by 到...为止 表示动作或状态的截止期限,强调“不晚于”某个时间点 I must hand in the report by tomorrow. (我必须在明天之前上交报告。)
翻译:我两小时后回来。
I will come back in 2 hours. VS I will come back after 2 hours.
易混淆辨析 3
对比特征 介词 in 介词 after
表达“之后”时 从现在算起,多久后 (强调终点) 在某个时间点/事件之后 (强调顺序)
后接内容 必须接时间段 (e.g. 2 hours, a week) 可接事件名词,也可接时间段 (e.g. dinner, 2 hours)
将来时用法 标准且地道: 表示“一段时间后”。 一般接事件名词
例句 (将来时) I will see you in a week. (一周后见) I will see you after the movie. (电影之后见)
过去式用法 不能表达“之后”。(它在过去式中表示 “在...之内”/“耗时”。) 可以表达“之后”。(表示动作发生在一段时间或事件之后。)
例句 (过去式) I finished the work in an hour. (我在一小时内完成了工作。) I came back after two hours. (我在两小时后回来了。)
考点强调 表达将来时的“一段时间后”,唯一推荐的选择。 表达事件或过去时的“之后”时使用。
1. Miss Chen will be back ___ one week.
A. for B. after C. in
2. My dad came back ___ the meeting.
A. in B. after C. at
You try !
3. Tom won’t come back ___ 6:00 p.m.
A. before B. after C.by
4. You must finish your homework ____ Friday.
A.at B.by C. after
5. I waited here ___ three hours.
A.in B. for C. by
6. I worked ____ Monday to Friday.
A.in B. on C. from
7. I went to Beijing ____ the summer.
A.during B. on C. for
方位介词
in+地方 VS at+地方
对比项 in (范围大/进入) at (小地点/目的地)
核心用法 强调在一个有界限的范围或空间内。 强调在一个具体的点或目标场所。
地点类型(1) 国家 / 大城市 精确地址 / 门牌号
例子 (1) in China in New York at 123 King Street
地点类型 (2) 封闭空间 / 容器 (强调内部) 活动场所 / 集合地点 (强调功能)
例子 (2) in a house in a car in the box at a bus stop
at home
Her uncle lives ____ Chongqing.
I will meet you ____ the cinema tonight.
in
at
You try !
介词 核心含义 & 记忆点 关键区别点 趣味情景例句
on 【贴合】 表面接触,在...上方或表面上。 必须接触。 强调依附、支撑。 The book is on the desk. (书在桌子上,贴着桌面)
above 【悬浮】 在...上方,但不接触,距离可以较远。 不接触。 强调纯粹的上方位置。 The moon is above the clouds. (月亮在云上方,不接触)
over 【覆盖/越过】 在...正上方,可能接触或不接触,有“覆盖、越过”的动态或静态。 1. 强调垂直正上方。
2. 可以有覆盖感或越过的动态。
3. 可能接触,也可能不接触。 - A bridge goes over the river. (一座桥横跨在河上,越过)
- Put a blanket over the baby. (给宝宝盖上毯子,覆盖,接触)
under 【正下方/遮蔽】 在...正下方,可以接触也可以不接触,常有“被遮住、被压在下面”的感觉。 1. 强调垂直正下方。
2. 可以接触,也可以不接触。 3. 常有遮蔽、隐藏之意。 - The cat is hiding under the bed. (猫在床底下躲着,不接触,但被遮住)
below 【更低处】 在...下方,但不接触,不一定在正下方,强调较低的层次或水平。 不接触。 强调相对的低位置或低级别。 - The fish are swimming below the boat. (鱼在船的下方游,不接触船,只是在更低的水层)
- The temperature is below zero. (气温在零度以下,数值上的低)
介词 核心含义 & 记忆点 关键区别点 例句
in front of 【区域外前方】 在...的前面,强调相对位置,面对某物。 强调面对某物,与某物之间有空间。 The car is parked in front of the house.
(车停在房子前面----面向房子)
in the front of 【区域内前端】 在某个群体或区域内的最前面部分。 强调一个整体区域内的“前端”。 He sits in the front of the classroom.
(他坐在教室的前面部分
----指一个区域)
behind 【区域外后方】 在...的后面,被遮住或位于后方。 强调背向的方向,位于区域外的后方。 The dog is hiding behind the sofa.
(狗在沙发后面躲着----被沙发遮住)
at the back of 【区域内后端】 在某个群体或区域内的最后面部分。 强调一个整体区域内的“后端”。 My seat is at the back of the bus.
(我的座位在公交车的后面部分----我在车里)
介词 含义 距离感 强调点 示例
near 在...附近,靠近 附近 范围和靠近 The post office is near the bank.
(邮局在银行附近。)
beside 在...旁边,紧邻 很近,紧挨着(但不一定是下一个) 挨着,侧边 She sat beside her best friend.
(她坐在她最好朋友的旁边。)
next to 在...隔壁,紧挨着 最近,紧密接触,紧邻 顺序,相邻 The library is next to the bookstore.
(图书馆在书店的隔壁。)
距离递减顺序总结 near> beside> next to
介词 含义 空间关系 示例
outside 在...外面,外部 在某物或某区域的边界之外 The children are playing outside the house.
(孩子们正在房子外面玩。)
inside 在...里面,内部 在某物或某区域的边界之内 Put the milk back inside the fridge. (把牛奶放回冰箱里面。)
in the middle of 【正中央】 在...的中间,强调处于中心位置。 强调一个区域或一群物体中的“正中央”。 The tree stands in the middle of the park.
(那棵树站在公园的中央)
介词短语 强调点 示例 (静态位置) 示例 (动态方向)
on the left 静态位置:在左侧 The coffee shop is on the left side of the street.
on the right 静态位置:在右侧 Your keys are on the right side of my bag.
to the left 方向或移动:向左边 Please move to the left so I can pass.
to the right 方向或移动:向右边 We need to move the sofa a little bit to the right.
1. Can you see the cake ___ the plate
A. on B. above C. over
2. There is a window ___ the desk.
A. on B. above C. over
You try !
3. He is sitting ___ my right.
A. to B. on C. at
4. The fish are swimming ____ the water.
A. under B. above C. below
1. She is sitting in front of Tom.
2. There are some tables in the front of the classroom.
3. My house is in the middle of the town.
4. There is a big car park near my house.
5. Lily is sitting next to Tom.
6. I never went inside the house.
7. We can play outside the classroom.
8. This is a playground at the back of supermarket.
请把下面句子译成中文
其他介词/固定搭配
except VS besides
它们虽然都与“排除”或“附加”有关,但含义完全相反。
词语 词性 核心含义 关系类型 重点解释 示例
except 介词 / 连词 除...之外 (不包括) 排除 从一个整体中剔除某一部分,表示“除了它,其他都是”。 Everyone came except John.
(所有人都来了,除了约翰。---- 约翰没有来)
besides 介词 / 副词 除...之外 (包括) 附加 在一个整体中加入新的部分,表示“除了它,还有...”。 I have two other books besides this one. (除了这本,我还有两本其他的书。----我有三本书)
注意:不要把besides(除…之外)和 beside (和…紧邻)混淆了!
常用其他介词
示例 介词 意义
Could you talk to me about your job about 关于
She is from Paris. from 来自 / 从...来
I have a big house with a small garden. with 带有
Here is a photo of his family. of 属于……的
Let me show you the path to the river. to 向;到
As a student, she always studied hard. as 作为
What does the painting look like like 像 / 怎么样
They are selling tickets at 5 dollars. at 在;以
I go to school by bike. by 用某种交通工具
For dinner, we usually eat chicken and rice. for 对于/针对
常用其他介词
常用介词的固定搭配
at present in time look after
be good with be good at be good for
at least at most at once
be interested in on time thank you for
对…有兴趣 准时 感谢你的...
spend...on in a hurry
在…上花时间,钱等 匆忙
目前现在
及时
照顾
善于应对
擅长
对…有利
至少
顶多
立即,马上
Put 常用固定介词搭配
穿上 (衣服、鞋子等);
戴上 (眼镜、帽子等)
放下 (某物)
推迟/延期 (做某事)
收起来/放好 (通常放回原位)
1. Which subject is Lily good ____, English or math
A.on B.at C.for
2. ____ the afternoon of June 21, we’ll meet my sister.
A.On B.At C.in
3. He spent a lot time _____ games.
A.in B.on C.for
4. The picture is ___ the wall
A.in B.from C.on
5. The young man ____ a pair of glasses is my brother.
A.in B.having C.with
You try !
6. There will be a party ____ Christmas Eve.
A.in B.at C.on
7. She is always ____.
A. in hurry B. in a hurry C.with a hurry
8. It was a story ____ a poor boy in New York.
A.in B.about C.from
9. His birthday is ______the morning of May 1st.
A. in B. at C. on
10. He was busy ______ Monday to Friday.
A. from B. at C. on
11. The teacher stands ________ of the classroom
A. back B. in front of C. in the front of
12. It’s really cold today, you ’d better ________more clothes.
A. put down B. put on C. put away
Thank you !

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