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定语从句讲解
什么是定语
定语：修饰、限定或说明名词或代词的成分，从而让一个笼统名词变得具体、清晰、独一无二。
二、定语的种类
前置定语: 主要是形容词。
后置定语: 主要有两种。
（1）非谓语短语: 当一个动作用来修饰名词时。例如：the disaster destroying the city
（2）介词短语: 用of, in, with 等介词引出短语，放在名词后面，说明时间、地点、特征等。
例如：the damage of the disaster; a disaster with great damage
看下面句子，试着找出定语，并判断前置定语及后置定语。
1. The big flood caused serious damage.
2.The drought hitting the village is very serious.
3.The landslide with no death happened yesterday
三、定语从句概念引入
我们能不能把这两句话合成一句更地道的长句？
An earthquake is a natural disaster. It often causes great damage.
定语从句：在一个句子中充当定语，来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词，定语从句与主句通常用关系词连接。因为它属于从句，所以也有自己的主语和谓语。
写成定语从句必不可少：主句；先行词；关系词；定语从句谓语。
看下面句子，试着找出先行词，关系词，定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词。
The flood which destroyed many houses was terrible.
The damage that the tornado causes is a great shock to us.
The volunteers who helped with the rescue are heroes.
A shelter is a place where people can get protection from a disaster.
The volunteer from the village who arrived this morning started to help the injured.
从中我们可以发现
名词或代词后的从句多为定语从句。
定语从句一般翻译为“...的”。
定语从句之前的先行词，必会在定语从句中充当成分。
定语从句的谓语动词：与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
定语从句的一般造型是：
定语从句的关系词
定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词 (that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。关系词可以代指先行词，同时表明先行词在定语从句中充当的不同成分。
选择哪个关系词，取决于两个因素：①先行词指人还是指物；②关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
关系代词 指人还是指物 充当的成分 例句
that 人，物 主语，宾语 The volunteers who/that helped in the rescue are heroes. The people (whom/who/that) we saved are now in shelter. The flood which/that destroyed the bridge was powerful. The aid (which/that) they received was important. That's the city whose population was affected by the drought.
which 物 主语，宾语
who 人 主语，宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人，物 定语
关系副词 指人还是指物 充当的成分 例句
when 物 时间状语 I will always remember the day when the earthquake struck.
where 地点状语 This is the village where the landslide happened.
why 原因状语 The reason why they built the dam was to prevent floods.
习题练习
一、选择题（可以选择多个选项）：
The team _______ is made up of twenty volunteers arrived at the disaster area.
A. who B. which C. that
The man _______ you saw in the rescue news is my uncle.
A. who B. whom C. 不填
3. They talked about the victims _______ they remembered.
A. which B. that C. who
4. This is the most powerful earthquake _______ I have ever experienced.
A. which B. that C. 不填
5.The safe house _______ we stayed was provided by the government.
A. which B. that C. where
6. The tornado _______ caused great damage lasted for only ten minutes.
A. which B. that C. who
7. _______ was affected by the drought needs more help.
A. Those B. That C. Those who
8. They are working in a city _______ water supply was cut off.
A. which B. whose C. that
9. Look! This is the equipment _______ we need right now!
A. which B. that C. what
10. The flood _______ the village last month caused a lot of damage.
A. who hit B. which hit C. who it hit D. where hit
二、定语从句填空题
1. A tornado is a type of disaster __________ can cause great damage to buildings and trees.
2. The day __________ the tsunami happened was unforgettable for the local people.
3. We need to help the farmers __________ crops have failed due to the severe drought.
4. This is the village __________ the landslide destroyed most of the houses last year.
5. The pipe __________ was broken yesterday has caused a lot of water waste.
6. Do you know the reason __________ the volcanic eruption could not be predicted
7. The whistle __________ he is blowing is used to warn people of danger.
8. She will never forget the moment __________ she heard the tap on the window during the storm.
9. The magnitude of the earthquake, __________ was over 7.0, shocked the whole world.
10. The residents __________ they rescued from the fire is now in the hospital.
答案：
选择题
BC 2.ABC 3. BC 4.B 5.C 6.AB 7.C 8. B 9.AB 10.B
填空题
1. which / that 2. when
3. whose 4. where
5. which / that 6. why
7. which / that 8. When 9. Which 10. whom / who / that

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