资源简介

(共40张PPT)
定语从句
一、What is the attribute
定语：给所修饰的名词（人、物）
下定义
Eg：Mary is a good teacher.
玛丽一个好老师。
（什么样的老师）？
——一个好的老师）
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
汉语翻译中常用，“......的”表示。
定语的种类
前置定语
后置定语
What is the attribute clause
（什么是定语从句？）
用来修饰限定名词或者代词的句子就是定语从句，翻译过来为“……的”。
Mary likes the book (that is full of good stories).
被修饰的名词
引导定语从句
定语从句
译文：玛丽喜欢这本（满是好故事的）书。
被修饰的名词
关联词
定语从句
John likes the schoolbag which was bought by his father as present.
定语从句的结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
观察下列例句，总结出定语从句的结构。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
that, which, who, whom, whose
where, when，why
关系代词
（主语/宾语/定语）
关系副词
（状语）
关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。根据关系词在从句中充当的句子成分，关系词可以分为：关系代词和关系副词。
语法规则一
先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用who, that, 不能省略
This is the boy.
The boy has been studying abroad for four years.
This is the boy who has been studying abroad for four years.
The boys _______are playing soccer are from Class 1.
Yesterday I helped an old man _______lost his way.
who/that
who/that
At a Los Angeles speaking meeting, she met Jeremy Power, a filmmaker shared a passion for humanitarian causes and storytelling.
We’ve raised a generation of children are now making a difference in the world
who/that
who/that
John Carr, a British biochemist ________ was not involved in the study, tells CNN.
who/that
There is nothing more calming than spending quality time with another human being makes you feel safe and understood.
who
语法规则二
先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用which, that, 不能省略
He was admitted into a university.
The university was founded in 1955.
He was admitted into a university which/that was founded in 1955.
语法规则二
先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用which, that, 不能省略
The pipe has caused a lot of water waste.
The pipe was broken yesterday.
The pipe which/that was broken yesterday has caused a lot of water waste.
Her story is the latest chapter in a tradition__________began nearly sixty years ago.
Replace these ways with healthy ones___________work in the long run.
American scientists have already made plants__________send out a greenish glow.
which/that
which/that
which/that
A team of Chinese researchers led by biologist Shuting Liu has just gone even further, creating the first brightest-ever glowing plants can give off light of many colors.
Exercise produces endorphins(内啡肽) make you feel good and also serves as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.
which/that
that
语法规则三
先行词为人，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用who, whom, that, 可以省略
Chairman Mao is a great person. We respect Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao who/that/whom/ \ we respect is a great person.
语法规则三
先行词为人，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用who, whom, that, 可以省略
The residents is now in the hospital.
They rescued the residents from the fire.
The residents who/whom/that/ \they rescued from the fire is now in the hospital.
Mr. Liu is the person _______________you talked about.
The man ______________you met just now is my friend.
Where is the man_______________I saw this morning
Mr. Wu, ________________everybody admires, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.
whom/who/that/\
whom/who/that/\
that/whom/who/\
that/whom/who/\
语法规则四
先行词为物，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
This is the book. I need the book badly.
This is the book which/that/\ I need badly.
语法规则四
先行词为物，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
I shall never forget the days. I spent the days in Beijing.
I shall never forget the days which/that/\I spent in Beijing.
This is the pen___________he bought yesterday.
In 2006, Maggie Doyne used the $5,000____________she had made by working as a babysitter to buy an acre of land in Nepal.
This is a powerful earthquake___________I have ever experienced.
Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long term, it’s easier than fighting a situation you can’t change.
Comparing the China we visited with the China of today shows a dramatic change
which/that/\
which/that/\
which/that/\
语法规则五
先行词为人，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用who, whom, that, 可以省略
This is the person. You can turn to the person for help.
This is the person who/whom/ \ you can turn to for help.
也可以变成:介词+whom
This is the person to whom you can turn for help.
语法规则五
先行词为人，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用who, whom, that, 可以省略
He is the person. You can depend on the person.
He is the person who/whom/ \ you can depend on.
也可以变成:介词+whom
He is the person on whom you can depend.
We questioned the pilot. We learned a great deal from the pilot.
We questioned the pilot who/whom/\we learned a great deal from.
→
We questioned the pilot from whom we learned a great deal.
→
Dad is the person. I can talk with the person easily.
Dad is the person who/whom/\ I can talk with easily.
→
Dad is the person with whom I can talk easily.
→
I came across my primary school teacher this morning who/whom I have lost touch with for almost 20 years.
I came across my primary school teacher this morning.
I have lost touch with my primary school teacher for almost 20 years.
→
→
I came across my primary school teacher this morning with whom I have lost touch with for almost 20 years.
语法规则六
先行词为物，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin.
I like the Ancient Cultural Street best among the attractions.
There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin which/that/\I like the Ancient Cultural Street best among.
也可以变成:介词+which
There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin among which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best among.
语法规则六
先行词为物，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
I bought a great many books.
I spent all my money on the books.
I bought a great many books which/that I spent all my money on.
也可以变成:介词+which
I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money.
The colorless gas is called oxygen. We cannot live without the gas.
The colorless gas which/that/\ we cannot live is called oxygen without.
→
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
→
AI application is one of the topics. People talk about the topics now.
AI application is one of the topics which/\ people talk about now.
→
AI application is one of the topics about which people talk now.
→
Antarctic which/that/\ we know very little about is covered with thick ice all the year round.
Antarctic is covered with thick ice all the year round.
We know very little about Antarctic.
→
→
Antarctic about which we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
语法规则六
先行词为地点，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
This is the library. We often read books after school in the library.
This is the library which/that/\ we often read books after school in.
也可以变成:介词+which
This is the library in which we often read books after school.
=where
This is the library where we often read books after school.
Many students like surfing the internet. They can find some useful resources on the internet.
Many students like surfing the internet which/that/\ they can find some useful resources on.
→
Many students like surfing the internet on which they can find some useful resources.
→
→
Many students like surfing the internet where they can find some useful resources.
→
She’s got herself into a dangerous situation in which she’s likely to lose her life.
→
→
She’s got herself into a dangerous situation where she’s likely to lose her life.
She’s got herself into a dangerous situation which/that/\ she’s likely to lose her life in.
She’s got herself into a dangerous situation. She’s likely to lose her life in the situation.
语法规则六
先行词为时间，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
He will never forget the day.
He was admitted into a key university on the day.
也可以变成:介词+which
=when
He will never forget the day which/that/\ he was admitted into a key university on.
He will never forget the day on which he was admitted into a key university.
He will never forget the day when he was admitted into a key university.
October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day. The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.
October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day on which the People’s Republic of China was founded.
October 1, 1949 was an unforgettable day which/that/\ the People’s Republic of China was founded on.
→
→
→
I’ll never forget the time.
I spent my childhood in the country during the time.
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
→
→
→
I’ll never forget the time which/that/\ I spent my childhood in the country during.
I’ll never forget the time when I spent my childhood in the country.
语法规则六
先行词为reason，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which, that, 可以省略
This is the reason. He was late for the meeting for the reason.
也可以变成:for+which
=why
This is the reason which/that/\he was late for the meeting for.
This is the reason for which he was late for the meeting.
This is the reason why he was late for the meeting.
The reason_______he was late for the meeting was________his little son fell ill this morning.
Is that the reason for which you are in favor of the proposal.
→
→
→
Is that the reason why you are in favor of the proposal.
Is that the reason which/that/\you are in favor of the proposal for.
Is that the reason You are in favor of the proposal for the reason.
Do you know the reason for which the volcanic eruption could not be predicted
Do you know the reason
The volcanic eruption could not be predicted for the reason.
→
Do you know the reason which/that/\ the volcanic eruption could not be predicted
→
Do you know the reason why the volcanic eruption could not be predicted
→
语法规则七
先行词为人或者物，在定语从句中做定语，连接词用whose, 不能省略。
He lives in a house. The house’s windows face south.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
He lives in a house the windows of which face south
He lives in a house. The windows of the house face south.
→
During a trip to Nepal, she met a girl whose life was destroyed by years of war.
During a trip to Nepal, she met a girl.
The girl’s life was destroyed by years of war.
During a trip to Nepal, she met a girl.
The life of the girl was destroyed by years of war.
→
During a trip to Nepal, she met a girl the life of whom was destroyed by years of war.
Huber and other researchers from the University of Tartu’s Institute of Computer Science demonstrated a groundbreaking novel approach: turning outdated smartphones into micro data centers, the building of which is inexpensive, around 8 euros per device.
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Huber and other researchers from the University of Tartu’s Institute of Computer Science demonstrated a groundbreaking novel approach: turning outdated smartphones into micro data centers, whose building is inexpensive, around 8 euros per device.
如何正确选择关系词
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
找到先行词
先行词代指人还是物
从句中缺少什么成分
选定恰当的关系词
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
基础训练
1. Last week, only two people climbed to the top of the mountain, neither of ________ came from Europe.
2. A series of policies has been adopted so far __________ benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy.
3. The museum ________ we paid a visit to last week has a collection of ancient coins.
4. There have been cases in the past ________ the gender of the panda was mistaken.
5. The park, ________ is very beautiful, lies at the corner of the street.
whom
which/that
which/that
where
which
基础训练
6. The volunteer ________ organizes community charity activities every weekend is my neighbor.
7. She has tried everything ________ could help her younger brother get rid of the bad habit.
8. ________ is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable.
9. He has a collection of vintage watches, most of ________ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s.
10. Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.
who/that
that
As
which
which
THANKS

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