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人教版高中英语选择性必修一
unit 2---unit 4 V-ing形式的用法总复习
一、V-ing形式作主语
（1）V ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
（2）V ing形式作主语，用形式主语it代替时，常在固定结构“It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of ...... ”中使用。
如：It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
（3）“there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用V ing形式作主语，这种结构表示“不可能；无法”，
如：There is no point doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。
There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
V-ing形式作宾语
常见的只能接V ing形式作宾语的动词有：
avoid, miss, delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise, finish, practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy, imagine, can't help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit, deny, envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape, risk, excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand, keep, mind 忍受保持不介意
必须跟V-ing形式作宾语的短语
dream of 梦想; care about 在乎; give up 放弃; aim at 瞄准; feel like 想要; insist on 坚持; think of 认为; stick to 坚持; lead to 导致; set about 开始做; be interested in 对……感兴趣;
be used to 习惯于; get down to 开始做; look forward to 期待;
pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于……; be good at 擅长;
be concerned about 关心;
(3)在以下结构中，V ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略
spend…(in) doing 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing… 做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent…(from) doing 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing 做某事毫无意义
（4）V ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况：
① 有些动词既可以跟V-ing形式，又可以跟to do做宾语, 意义差别大。
② 在动词need,require,want,deserve后，用V ing形式表示被动意义，即
sth.need/require/want/deserve doing ＝need/require/want/deserve to be done.
③ 在(be) worth后面只能用V ing形式来表示被动意义。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
而be worthy后面的非谓语动词用被动形式，构成 be worthy to be done/of being done。
④ V ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing…
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
⑤ 用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是V ing形式。
三. V-ing作表语
1、有时V-ing形式的名词意义较强,与主语通常是同一概念，可与主语互换位置。
2、有时 V-ing形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征。如果和情绪相关的V-ing形式则形容词意义较强。表示“令人......”,往往物做主语。如：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing,astonishing...
四. V-ing作定语
1. 表用途。 a waiting room = a room for waiting
2. 表正在进行，可以相当于一个定语从句。
I saw a waiting man there.=I saw a man who was waiting there.
有些V-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语修饰物，表示“令人......的”，如：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring等。
如: That must have been a terrifying experience.
4.单个的V-ing形式作定语时，放在被修饰词前；V-ing形式短语作定语，放在被修饰词之后。
falling leaves 正在落下的树叶
the girl wearing a red dress 穿红裙子的女孩
五. V-ing作宾补
1. 常接V-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词有感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, listen, feel, find等。
如：He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
Do you hear someone knocking at the door. 你听见有人在敲门吗？
常接V-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词还有使役动词have,keep, get, leave等。
如：I won't have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。
六. V-ing作状语
V-ing形式在句子中可以充当时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随状语。
判断下列句子中V-ing形式充当什么状语并进行句型转换。
1. V-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Australia.
=____________ those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Australia.
2. V-ing形式作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being so poor, the parents couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
=_________________ so poor, the parents couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
3. V-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given more time, he’ll do it better.
=___________ more time, he’ll do it better.
4. V-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Being poor, he lives a happy life.
=________________________ , he lives a happy life.
5. V-ing形式作结果状语，可以用and连接。
The bus fell into the river, causing the deaths of 50 people.
= The bus fell into the river _________ the deaths of 50 people.
6. V-ing形式作方式或伴随状语，可以用and连接。
They went into the classroom, laughing happily.
=They went into the classroom ___________happily.
7.V-ing形式作状语时的注意事项
(1) V-ing形式做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone.
到了车站，我们获悉火车已开走了。
现在分词短语 arriving at the station的逻辑主语就是句子主语we，即句意为：我们到了车站，我们获悉火车开走了。)
(2)V-ing形式的时态 现在分词一般式(doing)，现在分词的完成式(having done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用现在分词一般式doing。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时, 遇到了一位老朋友。
②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用现在分词完成式having done。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(3)V-ing形式的语态 (使用V-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于V-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。)
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t know before.仔细阅读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。
Being surrounded by her families, Emily gained her strength.被家人包围着，艾米丽获得了力量。
(4)英语中一些现在V-ing形式可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。表明说话者的态度、观点等。
如：generally speaking“一般来说”, judging by/from…“从……判断”, taking everything into consideration“从全局考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。

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