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(共25张PPT)
Unit7 The natural world
Grammar
1. Observe and explore the structural features of the sentence patterns S+V+O+O and S+V+O+C.
2.Understand and grasp the meanings and usage of the conjunctions "and," "but," "or," and "so,".
Learning objectives
1. You love your family.
2.They read books every day.
3.Her brother has good manners.
4.The temperature drops.
5.The fish tastes nice.
6. Sam is a common boy.
句子的基本结构有哪几种？1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P
1.S+V
2.S+V+O
2.S+V+O
2.S+V+O
3.S+V+P
3.S+V+P
Review
They play basketball.
They joined the 19thAsian games
Subject
(S)主语
Verb
(V)谓语动词
transitive verb
（及物动词）
(vt. )
Subject
(S)主语
Verb
(V)谓语动词
transitive verb
（及物动词）
(vt. )
Object
(O)宾语
Object
(O)宾语
S + V + O.
S + V +O.(主语+及物动词+宾语）
观察以上例句，小组讨论以下问题：
1.什么词常做主语？
2.什么词常做宾语？
3.什么词可做谓语？
名词或代词
名词或代词
行为动词或系动词
What do you know about oceans
It covers the largest area of the earth’s surface. The sun gives ocean animals light and heat. It is provides home for animals all year around. We call the ocean the “heart” of the earth.
lead in
Presentation
The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.
S
V
IO
DO
IO
The indirect object (IO) is a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. It refers to the person or thing that the action of a verb is done to or for.
e.g. She gave me the book.(IO : me)
Presentation
The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.
S
V
IO
DO
DO
The direct object (DO) is a noun, noun phrase or pronoun. It refers to the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of a verb.
e.g. She gave me the book, (DO: the book)
Can we change the order of the direct and indirect objects
Grammar
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。有的谓语动词后面出现双宾语 (人)间接宾语和(物)直接宾语。
“主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。在表达时,常常是间接宾语在前直,接宾语在后。如：
He gave me a bike.
This term, Mr. Wang teaches us Chinese.
在具体表达时,可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后,要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词。
My parents bought some storybooks for me.
They gave a lot of storybooks to us.
Some verbs can take two objects, a direct object and an indirect object.
S + V + O (indirect) + O (direct)
→ The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.
We can change the order of the direct and indirect objects by using to
or for.
The sun gives light and heat to ocean animals.
We should build a better home for local wildlife.
V
S
O
O
TIP
Those verbs are often used with to: give hand lend offer pass post read sell send show take teach tell write
TIP
Those verbs are often used with for: build buy cook find get leave make order pick prepare save
用to/for填空
1.The boy often lends his dictionary _____ others.
2.We want to buy a present _____ our teacher.
3.Don’t give too much money _____ your son.
4. Please pass the form ______ next one.
5. My Mum always cook meals ______ me.
to
for
to
to
for
Practice
Presentation
We call the ocean the “heart” of the earth.
S
V
O
C
OC
An object complement is a word or phrase that follows and describes the direct object of a sentence. It gives more information about the direct object.
We can add an adverbial to the structures above. We use an adverbial to show when, where or how an action is done.
The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.
An object complement (宾语补足语) can also follow a direct
object to give more information about the object.
S + V + O (direct) + C → The mother bird keeps the eggs safe.
They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth.
We made the forest the topic of this class.
S
V
O
C
Eddie is watching Hobo work.
S
V
O
宾语补足语,简称宾补(描述宾语,补充说明宾语情况)
OC
由及物动词构成的基本句型结构
△主+谓+宾（S + V + O+OC）宾语和宾语补足语
Grammar
动词虽然是及物动词,但是一宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的情况。作宾语补足语的词通常是名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或动名词等。
We can help you develop new skills.
I don’t want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
不带to 的动词不定式做宾补
带to的动词不定式做宾补
形容词做宾补
状语
Practice
They showed us maps of the polar regions.
(2) The teacher gave the class a lesson on polar animals yesterday afternoon.
(3) The weather made the journey hard.
S+V+O+C
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+C
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+O
A1
Amy is writing about the desert. Read her writing and write the main
structures of the underlined sentences using S+V+O+O or S +V+ O + C.
The desert
Deserts are difficult places for animals to live. Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry. Many desert plants give animals water.
These plants store the water in their leaves.
Some animals feed on the leaves, and the water can keep them healthy. Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. Their flowers and fruit can provide animals with energy.
S+V+O+O
S + O + C
S + O + C
S+V+O+O
Using and, but,or and so
Presentation
We use and to join similar or related ideas.
When joining more than two expressions, we usually only put and before the last.
and
Presentation
but and so
We use but to join ideas that are different.
We use so to express the result of something.
Presentation
or
We use or to introduce another possibility.
In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.
连词 and、but、or、so 的用法:
1.and:用于连接相似的想法或并列的成分,表示“和;并且”。
例:He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。
特殊情况:连接两个以上的表达时,通常只在最后一个前用 and。
The desert is hot, dry and covered by sand.沙漠炎热、干燥且被沙子覆盖。
2.but:用于连接不同的想法,表示转折,意为 “但是” 。
例:It's sunny today, but it's a little cold.今天天气晴朗，但有点冷。
This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.这种鱼在这里能找到足够的空间，但是几乎找不到食物。
3.or（或者;也不）
用法1:用于引出另一种可能性,表示“或者，否则”，在否定句中连接两个或多个并列成分。
例:You can go to the park or stay at home.你可以去公园或者待在家里。
用法2:在否定句中，连接两个或多个观点。
例:The deep ocean isn‘t warm, bright or noisy.深海不温暖、不明亮，也不嘈杂。
4.so:表示结果,意为“所以；因此”。
例:He was ill, so he didn't go to school. 他生病了,所以没去上学。
1. Grasslands can be hot. Animals sit under the shade of trees.
____________________________________________________
2. Wetlands can have salt water. They can have fresh water.
____________________________________________________
3. There are forests in Asia. There are forests in Europe.
____________________________________________________
4. Deserts are dry. They are not always hot.
____________________________________________________
5. Some rainforest animals don’t like wind. They don’t like rain.
____________________________________________________
David is writing about ecosystems. Help him join his
ideas using and, but, or and so.
B1
Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees.
Wetlands can have salt water or they can have fresh water.
There are forests in Asia and there are forests in Europe.
Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot.
Some rainforest animals don’t like wind and they don’t like rain.
Homework
1.Write about what you know about ecosystems using S + V + O + O and S + V + O + C.
2.Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.

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