资源简介

Unit 8 Pets and us
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：本单元话题是宠物，阅读关于饲养宠物的好坏的两大观点，能读懂相关难度的文章。也告诫我们热爱每个生命，保持自然界和谐，友好。
语法目标：学习副词的用法。
听说目标：能听懂关于介绍一种宠物短文。
写作目标：能够学会论述自己的观点。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 responsibility的用法 练习
要点2 care for的用法 练习
要点3 please的用法 练习
要点4 In short的用法 练习
要点5 pride/proud的用法 练习
要点6 choice的用法 练习
要点7 grow up的用法 练习
要点8 see sb. do sth/.see sb. doing sth.的用法 练习
要点9 since的用法 练习
要点10 symbol的用法 练习
要点11 enter的用法 练习
要点12 attack用法 练习
要点13 complain的用法 练习
要点14 noisy的用法 练习
要点15. by +sth./doing的用法 练习
要点16 hold的用法 练习
要点17 the number of/ a number of的用法 练习
要点18 advice/advise的用法 练习
要点19 cause的用法 练习
要点20 awake的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点 副词的用法 16
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 18
要点2 词汇短语积累 19
要点3句式积累 20
要点4实战演练 21
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点短语】
1.hold sth. in one’s arms 抱住某物
2.care for/look after/take care of 照顾，照料
3.a small number of 一小部分
4.what’s more 更为重要的是
5.have no choice but to do 除了…… 别无选择
6.run free 四处自由走的
7.lie around 懒散度日
8.be faithful to … 对…… 忠诚的
9.for these reasons 出于这些原因
10.according to ... 根据…
11.keep dogs 养狗
12.make great playmates 成为绝佳的玩伴
13.grow up 长大
14.be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事
15.bring you lots of happiness 带给你无尽的快乐
16.in short 简而言之
17.what’s more 而且
18.have no choice but to do 别无选择
19.catch the eye of 引起… 注意
20.be full of pride 满怀骄傲
【重点句式】
1.First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. It’s nice to hold them in our arms.
首先，狗真的很可爱，并且是极好的玩伴。把他们抱在怀里是很棒的。
2.It’s also wonderful to see them grow up.
看着它们长大，也是令人愉快的。
3.we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.
我们可以从养宠物狗中学到责任感。
4. 4.It can also teach young people how to care for others.
这也能教年轻 人如何照顾他人。
5.A dog will love you faithfully and is always pleased to see you.
最后，狗会忠诚地爱你，并且见到你总是很高兴。
6.In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.
总而言之，我认为养狗是个好主意。
7.They have no choice but to keep their dogs inside most of the time.
大多数时候，他们除了把狗养在宣内别无选择。
8.However, this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free.
但是，这样对狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜的空气和让它们能自由奔跑的开阔空间。
9.In the Middle Ages, pets were often a symbol of wealth and power.
在中世纪，宠物通常是财富和权力的象征。
10. One day, the clever dog caught the eye of a film-maker.
有一天这只聪明的狗吸引了一位电影制作人的关注
【精讲精练】
要点1
responsibility 责任
可构成 “the responsibility of/for doing sth”，表示 “做某事的责任”。
take responsibility for承担…… 的责任
It’s our responsibility to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
He must take responsibility for his bad behavior.
他必须为自己的不良行为承担责任。
responsible形容词 有责任的、负责的
be responsible for对…… 负责
She is responsible for taking care of her little sister.她负责照顾她的小妹妹。
【典例分析】
1.A little child doesn’t feel much _______________ (responsible).
2.The driver _________ ____________ __________ (对……负责任) the passengers’ safety.
3. It’s his ________ that made him welcome in his new company.
A. money B. responsibility C. difficulty D. difference
要点2 care
care v.关心；担忧；照顾；喜爱；在乎 n.小心；注意；照料
（1）care for "照顾，照料"=look after=take care of
She moved pack home to care for her elderly parents.
= She moved pack home to look after her elderly parents.
= She moved pack home to take care of her elderly parents.
她搬回家住，好照料她年迈的双亲。
（2）care about “关心；在意”
Your father truly cares about you.
Careful 和careless
careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。
Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。
careless adj.“粗心的；不小心的”，反义词为careful
固定搭配
be careful about/of...对.....小心
②be careful to do sth,小心做某事
【典例分析】
1. When Bob had the flu, his mother ________ him day and night.
A. found out B. took up
C. cared for D. took away
2. Some students are so _______________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A. surprised B. careless C. upset D. excited
3. He often makes _______________ mistakes, because he doesn’t read _______________.
A. careful; carefully B. careless; careful C. careless; carefully D. careful; carelessly
4.注意你的健康 / 请多保重。
_________________your health.
5.她过分讲究衣着。
She ______________her dress.
6.小心！ 那个男人带着一把刀。
___________! The man has a knife.
7.吉姆，小心那条狗。它有时候咬人。
Jim, ________ ________ ________ that dog. It sometimes bites people.
要点3 please
please v. 表 “使高兴；愿意”
pleased adj 高兴的
be pleased with对…… 满意，
be pleased to do 高兴做某事
Your smile always pleases your parents.你的笑容总能让你父母高兴。
pleasure名词，表 “愉快；乐趣；荣幸”
It’s a pleasure to do sth. 很荣幸做某事。
Reading gives me a lot of pleasure.（阅读给我带来很多乐趣。）
pleasant形容词，表 “令人愉快的；舒适的”
a pleasant day愉快的一天
a pleasant person和蔼可亲的人
a pleasant trip愉快的旅行
【典例分析】
1.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —What do you think of your trip to Hainan
—Wonderful. We were all ________with the ________trip.
A. pleased; pleasant B. pleasant; pleased
C. pleasing; pleased D. pleasant; pleasing
2.用please的适当形式填空
1). —Thank you for coming to see me.
—It’s a ____________.
2). He is very ____________ to see the progress we are making.
3). We spent a very ____________ evening.
3.我很高兴认识他。
I’m _________ __________ know him.
4.老师对我们的家庭作业感到满意
The teacher _________ _________ ___________ our homework.
5.从他人手中收到礼物是一件令人高兴的事。
__________ __________ _____________to receive a gift from others.
6.他动人的微笑取悦了我。
His nice smile ___________ me.
要点 4 In short
In short 总之、简而言之。核心作用是 “总结前文、概括要点。
总结观点（句首，加逗号）
Dogs are loyal, cute and can teach us responsibility. In short, keeping a dog is a good choice for many families.
狗忠诚、可爱，还能教会我们责任感。总之，养一只狗对很多家庭来说是个不错的选择。
概括事实（句中，前后加逗号）
The film is exciting, educational and full of humor, in short, it’s worth watching.
这部电影刺激、有教育意义，还充满幽默，总之，很值得一看。
【典例分析】
1. She loves reading, painting, and traveling—______, she enjoys all kinds of creative and relaxing activities.
A. in short B. in fact C. in turn D. in order
要点 5. pride
proud 是形容词，意为 “自豪的；骄傲的；值得自豪的”
pride：名词，意为 “自豪；骄傲；自尊心”.
be proud of：表示 “为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲” 。
She is proud of her son's excellent grades. 她为儿子的优异成绩感到骄傲。
be proud to do sth.： “做某事感到自豪”。
He is proud to be a part of the rescue team.他为能成为救援队的一员而自豪。
take pride in：与 be proud of意思相近，也表示 以…… 为傲，但 take pride in更强调动作，而 be proud of更强调状态。
The coach takes pride in his team's hard - working spirit.
教练为他团队的勤奋精神而自豪。
【典例分析】
1. My parents are very ______ of my good grades in the exam.
A. happy B. proud C. glad D. pleased
2. Our parents ______ our success and always encourage us to do better.
A. are proud of B. are interested in C. are afraid of D. are tired of
3.我们为国家在体育上的成就自豪
We _____ ______ ______our country's achievements in sports.
要点 6 choice
名词为choice,意为“选择”。
常用于:
①make a choice to do sth. “选择去做某事”
I made a choice to make a nice card for my mother.
我选择为妈妈制作一张精美的卡片。
②have no choice but to do sth. “除了做某事之外别无选择”
I had no choice but to do as my father told me.
除了按我爸爸告诉我的要求去做之外，我别无选择。
拓展choose
(1)作为动词，意为“选择；挑选”。常用于以下表达中：
①choose (sb.)to do sth. “选择(某人)去做某事”
Tom chose to stay home watching TV. 汤姆选择待在家里看电视。
My teacher chose me to answer his question. 我的老师选择我来回答他的问题。
②choose sb.as... “选择某人作为……”
My classmates chose me as their monitor. 我的同学们选择我当班长。
③choose sb. sth.=choose sth. for sb. “为某人挑选某物”
My mother chose a special present for me on my birthday.
=My mother chose me a special present on my birthday.
在我生日时妈妈为我选择了一份特别的礼物。
【典例分析】
1.He chose me a nice present.（同义改写）
=He chose a nice present _________ __________.
2. ① We go to the store to ___________ (挑选) presents for our friends.
② It’s my____________ (choose), not yours.
3.我别无选择只得呆在家里。（完成句子）
I had _______ _______ ______ ________ __________ stay at home.
4.你必须在我们之间作出选择
You have to ________ _______ ________ between us.。
5去泰国是一个好的选择。
It is a _________ _________ to go to Thailand.
要点 7 grow up
grow up意为“长大；成熟；成长”。 例如：
I grew up in Beijing. 我是在北京长大的。
I want to be a football player when I grow up. 我长大后想当一名足球运动员。
【拓展】
（1）grow into意为“长大成为”。例如：
Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 玛丽长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。
（2）grow还有“种植；增长”的意思。例如：
The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼。例如：稻谷、小麦和棉花。
The population of the world is growing faster and faster.
世界人口增加得越来越快。
【典例分析】
1.—What is your brother going to be when he
—He is going to be a doctor.
A. gets up B. grows up C. stands up D. cuts up
2. 长大后你想成为一名医生吗
Do you want to be a doctor when you　 　　 　　 　
要点8
see them grow up 看着它们长大（指看到整个过程）
①see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事（侧重动作的完整性，真实性）
②see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（侧重动作的连续性，进行性 ）
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作
【典例分析】
2.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish________ out of the water.　
A．jumped B．to jump C．jumping D．are jumping
3.She was heard________ books.
A．to read B．reads C．read D．to be read
4.I saw some boys basketball on the playground.
A. play B.to play C. played D. playing
5.突然，我看到一只小熊在玩一些树枝和石头。
Suddenly, I ________ a baby bear ________ ________ some sticks and stones.
6.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
7. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
要点9 since的用法
（1）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
1.The young man hasn’t done much exercise since he got a mobile phone.
年青人自从买手机以来，就不做大量运动了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting.
既然人都齐了，我们就开会吧。
（2）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
3. The Smiths have lived in the city of Qingdao since________.
A. ten years B. last summer C. they buy a flat D. five months later
4. ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.
A. Since B. Or C. Though D. Till
5. — Why didn’t you go to the party — ______ I wasn’t invited.
A. As B. Since C. Because D. So
要点10 symbol
symbol（n. 象征；符号；标志）
The dove is a universal symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的普遍象征。
The red rose has long been a symbol of love.红玫瑰长期以来是爱情的象征。
a symbol of（…… 的象征）
The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom and democracy.
自由女神像是自由与民主的象征。
In many cultures, white is a symbol of purity.
在许多文化中，白色是纯洁的象征。
【典例分析】
【典例分析】
1.The national flag is a ______ of our country. It represents our pride and unity.
A. sign B. symbol C. signal D. mark
2.The olive branch is widely known as a ______ of peace around the world.
A. picture B. symbol C. photo D. painting
3.In many cultures, the rose is a s______ of love.
4.在中国，红色通常被视为好运的象征。
In China, red is usually regarded as ______ ______ ______ good luck.
要点11 enter
enter 后接表示地点的名词（如房间、建筑、区域等），强调 “从外部到内部的动作”，不与介词 into 连用（直接接地点名词）。
She entered the room quietly and sat down. 她悄悄走进房间坐下。
The country has entered a new period of economic growth.
这个国家已进入经济增长的新时期。
A beautiful sunset entered our view as we turned the corner.
我们转弯时，一片美丽的日落映入眼帘。
常见搭配与短语
enter for：报名参加（比赛、考试等）
He decided to enter for the writing competition.他决定报名参加写作比赛。
enter into：参与（协议、讨论等）；进入（某种状态）
They entered into a long-term partnership.他们达成了长期合作关系。
【典例分析】
1.They entered the city quietly. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C . went into
2.They entered for the basketball game. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C. took part in
3. The cat entered ______ the house through a kitchen window.
A. in B. to C. at D. /
4.Our school will hold a party, and all students are welcome to ________ it.
A. join B. enter C. take D. make
要点12 attack
“attack” 是多词性词，可作动词和名词。含义 “攻击、进攻”，可用于描述具体的武力 / 身体攻击，也可用于抽象的问题、疾病等 “侵袭” 或 “抨击”。
一、“attack” 作动词 。“攻击；侵袭；抨击” “疾病 / 灾害侵袭”
The dog suddenly attacked the little boy when he walked past.
小男孩路过时，那只狗突然袭击了他。
Enemy soldiers attacked the village at dawn.
敌军士兵在黎明时分进攻了村庄。
She was attacked by a sudden heart problem while working.
她工作时突然心脏病发作。
A strong typhoon attacked the coastal city last weekend, causing heavy damage.上周末一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市，造成了严重损失。
二、“attack” 作名词（核心：“攻击；袭击；发作”）
常见搭配：make an attack on对…… 发起攻击；
under attack 在攻击中；
The army launched a surprise attack on the enemy’s base.
军队对敌军基地发动了突然袭击。
a heart attack心脏病发作；an asthma attack哮喘发作；have an attack发作
He had a severe heart attack and was sent to the hospital immediately.
他突发严重心脏病，被立即送往医院。
【典例分析】
1.When walking in the forest, we should be careful—some small animals may ______ us if they feel in danger.
A. attach B. attract C. attack D. attempt
2.A dog suddenly ran out and tried to ________ the little girl, but her father stopped it quickly.
A. play B. attack C. welcome D. guide
3.当医院受到攻击时，医生们仍在坚持工作。
Doctors kept working when the hospital was ________ ________.
要点 13：complaint
I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again. 我没耐性再听你的抱怨。
【拓展】
(1)complain vt. 投诉；抱怨
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
2)complain vi. 投诉；抱怨(后面+to/about/of)
I’ve really got nothing to complain of. 我确实没有什么可抱怨的。
(3)complain to s B. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
He complains to the police about the noise from the bar. 他向警察投诉酒吧噪音(扰民)。
【典例分析】
1.The woman kept ______________ (complain)about the noise from her neighborhood last night.
2.They’ve received a number of______________ (complaint)from customers about their poor service.
要点 14 noisy
noisy adj. 吵闹的
【例句】
It is very noisy in the bar. 酒吧里很吵。
【辨析】noise, voice与sound
(1)noise 指不悦耳、不和谐的声音，即“噪音；喧闹声”。
The noise of the machine disturbed us. 机器的噪音吵到我们了。
(2)voice 多指人发出的说话声、歌声、笑声。
Please speak in a louder voice. 请更大点声说。
(3)sound 泛指任何声音，不论其音量高低、是否悦耳等。
I heard the sound of running water. 我听见了流水声。
【典例分析】
1.It’s very __________ (noise)here. I can hardly hear you.
2.Please don’t make a lot of __________(noisy). Your father is sleeping.
3.用noise sound 和voice填空。
1.Don’t make any _________!
2.At midnight he heard a strange __________
3.The girl has a beautiful __________.
4.They are talking in low ___________
5.I heard the__________ of running water
要点 15 by +sth./doing :
Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
3.You must finish this work by Friday
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
要点16 hold
Hold them in our arm.抱着他们
Hold 抓住；握住；拿住
hold的其他含义：
Hold 是动词，意为“举行，举办，召开”，常可以用have来替换，过去式和过去分词均为held。
hold a meeting举行会议
hold a concert举行音乐会
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
hold 保持；维持 How long will this fine weather hold 这样的好天气能维持多久？
抓住；握住；拿住 He held the thief by the arm. 他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。
容纳；包含 Our classroom can hold more than fifty students. 教室能容纳50多个学生。
支撑……的重量 The chair can’t hold your weight. 这把椅子不能承受你的重量。
短语 catch hold of抓住； hold on（电话）别挂断；稍等
【典例分析】
1. The Olympic Games _____every four years.
A. are held B. were hold C. are holding D. will hold
2、翻译，指出下面Hold在各句的意义。
1）He was holding the baby in his arms.
2）We hold a sports meeting twice a year in our school.
3）Hold your head up.
4）I don't think the chair can hold your weight.
5）The plane holds about 300 passengers.
要点17 the number of/ a number of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
3.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
4. ________ students in the school is over 2, 000.________ them are from the city.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; A number of D. A number of; The number of
要点 18. advice /advise
1. advise（动词）
advise sb. to do sth.（最常用，“建议某人做某事”）
My teacher advised me to read English every morning.（我的老师建议我每天早上读英语。）
advise doing sth.（“建议做某事”，后面接动名词）
The doctor advised drinking more water when you have a cold.（医生建议感冒时多喝水。）
advise that...（宾语从句，从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略）
He advised that we (should) finish our homework before dinner.（他建议我们晚饭前完成作业。）
2. advice（不可数名词）
表示 “一条建议” 用 “a piece of advice”，“多条建议” 用 “some pieces of advice”。
Could you give me a piece of advice on learning math （你能给我一条学习数学的建议吗？）
My dad always gives me good advice when I’m in trouble.（我遇到困难时，爸爸总是给我好建议。）
follow sb’s advice, 听从某人建议。take sb’s advice采纳某人建议
advice和suggestion的辨析
advice 不可数名词 This is a piece of useful advice. 这是一条有用的建议。 Who can give me some advice 谁能给我一些建议？
suggestion 可数名词 Here are some suggestions for you.这是给你的一些建议。
advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析
advise v.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构 He advises me to have a good rest. 他建议我好好休息一下。
suggest v.建议， suggest sb. doing sth. I suggest having a good rest. 我建议好好休息一下。
【典例分析】
1.—Hello, Lucy, please give me some ______ on how to improve my English!
—You’d better keep _____more English books.
A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading D. advices; reading
2.My teachers advise us ________ computer games. That is bad for our eyes.
A. to play B. playing C. not to play D. not play
3.My teacher gave me much ________ on how to learn English well.
A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem
4. Here are some ______ for protecting the Earth.
A. suggestions B. centuries C. advices D. treasures
5. What an ________ you give us!
A. amazing advice B. good news C. wonderful suggestion D. interesting suggestion
6. She suggested _______ early so that we could catch the first train.
　A. go get up B. getting up 　　 C. get up D. to getting up
7. I suggest that we _______ electric wires out of the reach of children.
　A. keep B. shall keep C. kept D. be kept
8. Bob's doctor suggests ________ for a few weeks.
　A. that he is resting B. he rest 　　 C. he resting D. him to rest
9.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子）
The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ ___________ every day.
=The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ every day.
10. The article gives students some ________ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions D. advantages
要点19 cause
cause ① n.起因
These causes led to a bad result. 这些原因导致了不良的后果。
I don't think you have cause to worry. 我认为你没有担心的理由。
② vt. 造成；导致……发生
The child's headache may be caused by stress. 那孩子的头痛可能是紧张引起的。
The earthquake caused great damage. 地震造成很大损害。
【辨析】cause reason excuse
1）cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事件有因果关系。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的起因是他开的太快了
2）reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。
I have many reasons to fear him. 我怕他是有很多理由的。
3）excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。
Don't make up any excuse for your mistakes. 不要为你的过错编造任何借口。
【典例分析】
5．When populations increase too fast, it can ________ problems.
A．prepare B．mention C．accept D．cause
2．—Sandy never cooks at home! How can a girl be so lazy
—I don’t think you have ________ to worry, Mom! That’s just a new lifestyle!
A．cause B．opinion C．excuse D．result
要点 20：awake
awake：v.（awoke—awoken）（使）醒来
I was wide awake before dawn.
黎明前我已经完全醒了。（此时wide是副词，相当于completely）
China is awaking from her long sleeping. 亚洲正从长期沉睡中觉醒。
此外，awake还可作形容词，意思与asleep相对，与alive的用法相似。例如：
Is the baby awake or asleep 婴儿醒了还是睡着？
wake 醒来，叫醒
wake up
【典例分析】
1.他们每天早上一醒来，就在为了他们的家庭和未来而奔波。(完成句子)
They ________ ___________ every morning to work for their families and their future.
2.He often ________ (awake) up at seven in the morning.
3.We still stay __________ (awake) although it is very late.
4．Several hours later, Alice found herself ________ in a strange room.
A．aware B．awake C．aloud D．asleep
5．Too much time on screen before sleep keeps our brain ________ and makes it hard for us to fall asleep.
A．alone B．awake C．asleep D．afraid
知识要点二、语法
A 副词的用法
1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子
2 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律：
形容词类型 构成相应副词的方法 举例
一般情况 在形容词后直接加 -ly quick — quickly slow — slowly
以y结尾的形容词 先将y改成i,再加 -ly happy — happily busy — busily
绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 直接加 -ly polite — politely wide — widely
少数以e结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加 -ly true — truly terrible — terribly
特殊情况 与形容词同形 early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv.
3 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同，但词形却一样，这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。
B 副词的比较级和最高级
副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如：hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest
2 以字母e结尾的副词，直接加-r或-st。如： late — later — latest
3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est。如：early — earlier — earliest
4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词，前加more或 most。如：
beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly
5 不规则变化：well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest
【典例分析】
1. Imaginary things can sometimes create excitement _____________ (easy)than real ones.
2. Cornelius and Rosa grew their flowers ____________ (quick)and they won the competition.
3. The book was extremely successful and sold________ (fast)than any of Dumas’s other works.
4. I can write ________________ (beautiful)than the others in our class.
5. Your handwriting is _______ good. (real)
6. These apples taste ________ and sell _______. (good)
7. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ________. (hard)
8. Ken often works ______ into the night but he is never _____ for work. (late)
9. He listened __________ and answered the question. (careful)
8. Jack doesn’t jump so _______ as his classmates. (high)
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
如何表达自己观点：议论文
　本单元以“Pets and us”为主题，属于“人与社会”主题语境范畴，聚焦“人与动物的关系及责任”子主题。通过学习宠物相关词汇、表达养宠利弊及探讨人宠关系，引导学生在语言实践中培养对动物的关爱与责任意识。在语言能力培养上，学生掌握描述宠物特征、表达观点及比较宠物习性的词汇与句型。通过模仿王瑶的范文结构（观点+特征+理由），撰写“理想宠物”短文。
开头：直接亮明核心观点（猫是完美宠物）。
中间：列出理由展开论证，每个理由配具体细节支撑。
结尾：总结前文理由，重申核心观点，呼应开头。
注意事项：观点明确，论据充分，逻辑连贯，也可用连接词（Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly
/In addition）串联，使结构严谨。语言要简洁
开头：开门见山，亮明观点
写法：直接给出核心论点，不用铺垫，让读者快速知道文章主旨。
示例：原文开头 “I think that cats are the perfect pets.” 直接表明立场。
通用句式：I think/In my opinion/From my point of view, ...; I believe that...
中间：分点论证，细节支撑
写法：分 2-3个分论点，每个分论点独立成段，加具体细节（例子、事实）。
示例：原文用 Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly 分 3 点，每点后接具体表现（如 “clean” 对应 “clean themselves” “use a litter box”）。
通用连接词：
1.引出第一个分论点
Firstly, ...（首先，……） To begin with, ...（首先，……）
First of all, ...（首先，……）
2. 引出后续分论点
Secondly, ...（其次，……） Thirdly, ...（第三，……）
What’s more, ...（此外，……） In addition, ...（另外，……）
3. 补充细节 / 举例
For instance, ...（比如，……） That’s because ...（那是因为……）
结尾：总结升华，呼应开头
写法：概括前文分论点，重申核心观点，让结构完整闭环。
示例：原文结尾 “For these reasons, I believe that a cat is the perfect pet...” 总结 理由，呼应开头。
通用句式：For these reasons, ...（基于这些原因，……）
In conclusion, ...（总之，……）
Therefore, I believe that ...（因此，我认为……）
In short, ... is the best choice.（简而言之，…… 是最佳选择）
From what I have said, we can know that ...
（从我的论述中，我们可以知道……）
Basic structure of how to write an argument.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【短语积累】
1._________________________抱住某物
2._________________________照顾，照料
3._________________________ 一小部分
4._________________________更为重要的是
5._________________________除了……别无选择
6.________________________ 四处自由走的
7.________________________懒散度日
8._________________________对……忠诚的
9._________________________出于这些原因
10._________________________根据…
11._________________________养狗
12._________________________成为绝佳的玩伴
13._________________________长大
14._________________________乐意做某事
15.________________________带给你无尽的快乐
16._________________________简而言之
17._________________________而且
18._________________________别无选择
19._________________________引起…注意
20._________________________满怀骄傲
【句式积累】
1. 养宠物狗是一个好主意。这有很多原因.(keep pet dogs)
2.首先，狗狗真的非常可爱，是绝佳的玩伴。
3. 其次，我们可以通过饲养狗来培养责任感。(learn sth. from …)
4. 据我妈妈所说，这样做能帮助我们成为更有责任心的人。(according to; help sb. do)
5.简而言之，我认为养狗是个好主意。
6.更重要的是，人们住在公寓里是很常见的。他们别无选择但大部分时间都要把狗关在屋里。
7.由于所有这些原因，我建议你不要养狗作为宠物
8.我选择养鱼作为宠物，因为它们非常适合像我这样忙碌的人。它们很容易照顾，我不必花太多时间照顾它们
9.我喜欢养仓鼠作为我的宠物，因为它是一个很好的伴侣。仓鼠不会占用太多空间。
10.基于这些原因，我相信猫是任何人的完美宠物。
【实战演练 】
班里最近开展“最佳宠物”的话题讨论，你认为养兔子最好。请根据提示写一篇80词左右的英语短文来阐述你的意见和观点。标题和开头已给出，不计入词数。
养兔子的好处
1 兔子很可爱，抱在怀里很舒服。
2 兔子很爱干净，个性温和，不会吠叫和伤人。
3 兔子聪明，会用肢体语言表达喜怒哀乐等情感。
4 兔子体型小，不占空间，基本需求花费也不高。
可用素材：
（1）词汇 lovely, pleasant, clean, gentle, bark loudly, hurt, quiet, clever, show one’s feelings, body language,
take up, space, expensive
（2）句型 Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ... Finally, ...
For these reasons, I believe that ...
Rabbits make the best pets
In my opinion, rabbits make the best pets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【实战演练2】
饲养宠物狗无论在城市还是农村似乎成为一种时尚并越来越为人们所喜爱。最近你班同学针对该不该禁止在住宅小区养狗问题展开讨论。假如，你是某中学学生李华，请你根据所给的提示，写一篇短文，以E－mail的方式将你们班同学的讨论结果发送给某报社编辑－Mr Andy, 并阐明你自己的观点
理由 观点 同意 不同意 自己观点
1 可以看家，带来欢乐； 制造噪音,影响休息； ？
2 独生子女和老人不会感到孤独； 脏，污染环境；
3 学会关爱生命。 咬人。
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2 / 2Unit 8 Pets and us
单元小结
知识目录
学习目标：本单元话题是宠物，阅读关于饲养宠物的好坏的两大观点，能读懂相关难度的文章。也告诫我们热爱每个生命，保持自然界和谐，友好。
语法目标：学习副词的用法。
听说目标：能听懂关于介绍一种宠物短文。
写作目标：能够学会论述自己的观点。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 responsibility的用法 练习
要点2 care for的用法 练习
要点3 please的用法 练习
要点4 In short的用法 练习
要点5 pride/proud的用法 练习
要点6 choice的用法 练习
要点7 grow up的用法 练习
要点8 see sb. do sth/.see sb. doing sth.的用法 练习
要点9 since的用法 练习
要点10 symbol的用法 练习
要点11 enter的用法 练习
要点12 attack用法 练习
要点13 complain的用法 练习
要点14 noisy的用法 练习
要点15. by +sth./doing的用法 练习
要点16 hold的用法 练习
要点17 the number of/ a number of的用法 练习
要点18 advice/advise的用法 练习
要点19 cause的用法 练习
要点20 awake的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点 副词的用法 21
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 23
要点2 词汇短语积累 24
要点3句式积累 26
要点4实战演练 27
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
【重点短语】
1.hold sth. in one’s arms 抱住某物
2.care for/look after/take care of 照顾，照料
3.a small number of 一小部分
4.what’s more 更为重要的是
5.have no choice but to do 除了…… 别无选择
6.run free 四处自由走的
7.lie around 懒散度日
8.be faithful to … 对…… 忠诚的
9.for these reasons 出于这些原因
10.according to ... 根据…
11.keep dogs 养狗
12.make great playmates 成为绝佳的玩伴
13.grow up 长大
14.be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事
15.bring you lots of happiness 带给你无尽的快乐
16.in short 简而言之
17.what’s more 而且
18.have no choice but to do 别无选择
19.catch the eye of 引起… 注意
20.be full of pride 满怀骄傲
【重点句式】
1.First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. It’s nice to hold them in our arms.
首先，狗真的很可爱，并且是极好的玩伴。把他们抱在怀里是很棒的。
2.It’s also wonderful to see them grow up.
看着它们长大，也是令人愉快的。
3.we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.
我们可以从养宠物狗中学到责任感。
4. 4.It can also teach young people how to care for others.
这也能教年轻 人如何照顾他人。
5.A dog will love you faithfully and is always pleased to see you.
最后，狗会忠诚地爱你，并且见到你总是很高兴。
6.In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.
总而言之，我认为养狗是个好主意。
7.They have no choice but to keep their dogs inside most of the time.
大多数时候，他们除了把狗养在宣内别无选择。
8.However, this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free.
但是，这样对狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜的空气和让它们能自由奔跑的开阔空间。
9.In the Middle Ages, pets were often a symbol of wealth and power.
在中世纪，宠物通常是财富和权力的象征。
10. One day, the clever dog caught the eye of a film-maker.
有一天这只聪明的狗吸引了一位电影制作人的关注
【精讲精练】
要点1
responsibility 责任
可构成 “the responsibility of/for doing sth”，表示 “做某事的责任”。
take responsibility for承担…… 的责任
It’s our responsibility to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
He must take responsibility for his bad behavior.
他必须为自己的不良行为承担责任。
responsible形容词 有责任的、负责的
be responsible for对…… 负责
She is responsible for taking care of her little sister.她负责照顾她的小妹妹。
【典例分析】
1.A little child doesn’t feel much _______________ (responsible).
2.The driver _________ ____________ __________ (对……负责任) the passengers’ safety.
【答案】1. more responsible 2.is responsible for /has responsibility for
3. It’s his ________ that made him welcome in his new company.
A. money B. responsibility C. difficulty D. difference
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正是他的责任心让他在新公司很受欢迎。A. money 金钱；B. responsibility 责任心；C. difficulty 困难；D. difference 差异。结合 “made him welcome in his new company”（让他在新公司受欢迎）可知，具备 “责任心” 这种品质会让人受欢迎，故选 B。
要点2 care
care v.关心；担忧；照顾；喜爱；在乎 n.小心；注意；照料
（1）care for "照顾，照料"=look after=take care of
She moved pack home to care for her elderly parents.
= She moved pack home to look after her elderly parents.
= She moved pack home to take care of her elderly parents.
她搬回家住，好照料她年迈的双亲。
（2）care about “关心；在意”
Your father truly cares about you.
Careful 和careless
careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。
Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。
careless adj.“粗心的；不小心的”，反义词为careful
固定搭配
be careful about/of...对.....小心
②be careful to do sth,小心做某事
【典例分析】
1. When Bob had the flu, his mother ________ him day and night.
A. found out B. took up
C. cared for D. took away
【答案】C
【解析】句意：鲍勃患流感时，母亲日夜照顾他。
考查动词短语。found out找出；took up拿起；cared for照料；took away拿走。根据“Bob had the flu”可知，鲍勃生病了，需要的是照顾，可知A、B、D三项意思都与句意不合，故选C。
2. Some students are so _______________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A. surprised B. careless C. upset D. excited
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些学生如此粗心，以至于常在作业中犯错。surprised惊讶的，careless粗心的，upset难过，excited感到兴奋的。根据they often make mistakes in their homework(他们经常在作业中出错)可知，他们很粗心，故选B。
3. He often makes _______________ mistakes, because he doesn’t read _______________.
A. careful; carefully B. careless; careful C. careless; carefully D. careful; carelessly
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词和副词的句法功能。句意：他经常犯粗心的错误，因为他不认真阅读。read意为：读，行为动词，需用副词修饰，排除B；根据语境可知，他因为没有仔细阅读导致经常犯粗心的错误，形容词careless修饰名词mistakes。故选C。
4.注意你的健康 / 请多保重。
_________________your health.
【答案】Be careful of
5.她过分讲究衣着。
She ______________her dress.
【答案】is too careful about
6.小心！ 那个男人带着一把刀。
___________! The man has a knife.
【答案】Be carful/ Look out/ Watch out
7.吉姆，小心那条狗。它有时候咬人。
Jim, ________ ________ ________ that dog. It sometimes bites people.
【答案】Be careful of
要点3 please
please v. 表 “使高兴；愿意”
pleased adj 高兴的
be pleased with对…… 满意，
be pleased to do 高兴做某事
Your smile always pleases your parents.你的笑容总能让你父母高兴。
pleasure名词，表 “愉快；乐趣；荣幸”
It’s a pleasure to do sth. 很荣幸做某事。
Reading gives me a lot of pleasure.（阅读给我带来很多乐趣。）
pleasant形容词，表 “令人愉快的；舒适的”
a pleasant day愉快的一天
a pleasant person和蔼可亲的人
a pleasant trip愉快的旅行
【典例分析】
1.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —What do you think of your trip to Hainan
—Wonderful. We were all ________with the ________trip.
A. pleased; pleasant B. pleasant; pleased
C. pleasing; pleased D. pleasant; pleasing
【答案】A句意：——你觉得你去海南的旅行怎么样？——棒极了。我们都很满意这次令人愉快的旅行。
be pleased with表示“对……满意”，是固定短语，另外pleased一般修饰人，此处修饰we；pleasant“令人愉快的”一般用来修饰事物，此处修饰trip。所以本题选A。
点评：对于please“请”、pleased“高兴”、pleasant“令人愉快的”、pleasing“令人愉快的”和pleasure“快乐”不论从词性上，还是从用法上都应该注意区分。
2.用please的适当形式填空
1). —Thank you for coming to see me.
—It’s a ____________.
2). He is very ____________ to see the progress we are making.
3). We spent a very ____________ evening.
【答案】1）pleasure 2）surprised 3）pleasant
3.我很高兴认识他。
I’m _________ __________ know him.
【答案】pleased
4.老师对我们的家庭作业感到满意
The teacher _________ _________ ___________ our homework.
【答案】is pleased with
5.从他人手中收到礼物是一件令人高兴的事。
__________ __________ _____________to receive a gift from others.
【答案】it’s a pleasure
6.他动人的微笑取悦了我。
His nice smile ___________ me.
【答案】pleases
要点 4 In short
In short 总之、简而言之。核心作用是 “总结前文、概括要点。
总结观点（句首，加逗号）
Dogs are loyal, cute and can teach us responsibility. In short, keeping a dog is a good choice for many families.
狗忠诚、可爱，还能教会我们责任感。总之，养一只狗对很多家庭来说是个不错的选择。
概括事实（句中，前后加逗号）
The film is exciting, educational and full of humor, in short, it’s worth watching.
这部电影刺激、有教育意义，还充满幽默，总之，很值得一看。
【典例分析】
1. She loves reading, painting, and traveling—______, she enjoys all kinds of creative and relaxing activities.
A. in short B. in fact C. in turn D. in order
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她喜欢阅读、绘画和旅行 —— 总而言之，她喜欢所有有创意且能让人放松的活动。A. in short 总而言之（用于总结前文内容）；B. in fact 事实上（用于强调真实情况）；C. in turn 反过来（用于说明因果或顺序关系）；D. in order 整齐地 / 为了（前者表状态，后者表目的）。根据破折号前列举的具体爱好和破折号后对爱好的整体概括，“in short” 符合 “总结前文” 的语境，故选 A。
要点 5. pride
proud 是形容词，意为 “自豪的；骄傲的；值得自豪的”
pride：名词，意为 “自豪；骄傲；自尊心”.
be proud of：表示 “为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲” 。
She is proud of her son's excellent grades. 她为儿子的优异成绩感到骄傲。
be proud to do sth.： “做某事感到自豪”。
He is proud to be a part of the rescue team.他为能成为救援队的一员而自豪。
take pride in：与 be proud of意思相近，也表示 以…… 为傲，但 take pride in更强调动作，而 be proud of更强调状态。
The coach takes pride in his team's hard - working spirit.
教练为他团队的勤奋精神而自豪。
【典例分析】
1. My parents are very ______ of my good grades in the exam.
A. happy B. proud C. glad D. pleased
【答案】B
【解析】happy、glad、pleased 都有高兴的意思；be proud of 是固定短语，表示 “为…… 感到骄傲”，符合父母为孩子好成绩感到骄傲的语境，所以选 B。
2. Our parents ______ our success and always encourage us to do better.
A. are proud of B. are interested in C. are afraid of D. are tired of
【答案】A
【解析】are proud of 意思是 “为…… 感到骄傲”，根据 “always encourage us to do better（总是鼓励我们做得更好）” 可推测出父母会为我们的成功感到骄傲，符合语境。
are interested in 意为 “对…… 感兴趣”，强调的是兴趣方面，与 “success（成功）” 和鼓励做更好不匹配。are afraid of 表示 “害怕……”，与父母对孩子成功的态度不符。are tired of 是 “厌倦……” 的意思，也不符合此处父母对孩子成功的积极态度。所以选 A。
3.我们为国家在体育上的成就自豪
We _____ ______ ______our country's achievements in sports.
【答案】are proud of
要点 6 choice
名词为choice,意为“选择”。
常用于:
①make a choice to do sth. “选择去做某事”
I made a choice to make a nice card for my mother.
我选择为妈妈制作一张精美的卡片。
②have no choice but to do sth. “除了做某事之外别无选择”
I had no choice but to do as my father told me.
除了按我爸爸告诉我的要求去做之外，我别无选择。
拓展choose
(1)作为动词，意为“选择；挑选”。常用于以下表达中：
①choose (sb.)to do sth. “选择(某人)去做某事”
Tom chose to stay home watching TV. 汤姆选择待在家里看电视。
My teacher chose me to answer his question. 我的老师选择我来回答他的问题。
②choose sb.as... “选择某人作为……”
My classmates chose me as their monitor. 我的同学们选择我当班长。
③choose sb. sth.=choose sth. for sb. “为某人挑选某物”
My mother chose a special present for me on my birthday.
=My mother chose me a special present on my birthday.
在我生日时妈妈为我选择了一份特别的礼物。
【典例分析】
1.He chose me a nice present.（同义改写）
=He chose a nice present _________ __________.
【答案】for me
2. ① We go to the store to ___________ (挑选) presents for our friends.
② It’s my____________ (choose), not yours.
【答案】① choose 动词 ② choice 名词
3.我别无选择只得呆在家里。（完成句子）
I had _______ _______ ______ ________ __________ stay at home.
【答案】no choice but to
4.你必须在我们之间作出选择
You have to ________ _______ ________ between us.。
【答案】make a choice
5去泰国是一个好的选择。
It is a _________ _________ to go to Thailand.
【答案】good choice
要点 7 grow up
grow up意为“长大；成熟；成长”。 例如：
I grew up in Beijing. 我是在北京长大的。
I want to be a football player when I grow up. 我长大后想当一名足球运动员。
【拓展】
（1）grow into意为“长大成为”。例如：
Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 玛丽长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。
（2）grow还有“种植；增长”的意思。例如：
The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼。例如：稻谷、小麦和棉花。
The population of the world is growing faster and faster.
世界人口增加得越来越快。
【典例分析】
1.—What is your brother going to be when he
—He is going to be a doctor.
A. gets up B. grows up C. stands up D. cuts up
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：——你哥哥长大时将做什么？——他将成为一名医生。A.起床；B.长大；C.站起来；D.切碎。问的是哥哥长大时做什么，所以用grows up长大，故选B。
2. 长大后你想成为一名医生吗
Do you want to be a doctor when you　 　　 　　 　
【答案】grow up
要点8
see them grow up 看着它们长大（指看到整个过程）
①see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事（侧重动作的完整性，真实性）
②see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（侧重动作的连续性，进行性 ）
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作
【典例分析】
2.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish________ out of the water.　
A．jumped B．to jump C．jumping D．are jumping
【答案】
【解析】。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意，当我沿着湖边散步时，我看见一些鱼从水里跳出来。故答案选C。
3.She was heard________ books.
A．to read B．reads C．read D．to be read
【答案】A
【解析】see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。被动语态to要加上。
4.I saw some boys basketball on the playground.
A. play B.to play C. played D. playing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我看见一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，see sb do
sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意，表示看见一些男孩正在打篮球，故用playing，故选D。
5.突然，我看到一只小熊在玩一些树枝和石头。
Suddenly, I ________ a baby bear ________ ________ some sticks and stones.
【答案】saw playing with
6.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier.
【点拨】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事
7. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park.
【点拨】dance 表示看到某人做了某事
要点9 since的用法
（1）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
1.The young man hasn’t done much exercise since he got a mobile phone.
年青人自从买手机以来，就不做大量运动了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting.
既然人都齐了，我们就开会吧。
（2）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：自从我们上次见面以来已经快八年了。
考查连词辨析。A. since自从……以来；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. when当……时候。本句为固定用法，即It’is +一段时间 +since +一般过去时态的句子。故选A。
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你住在这里有多长时间了？——自从我家搬到这座城市有五年了。
考查介词、连词辨析。since自从，可以作介词或者连词，引导时间状语从句；for介词，后面可跟一段时间。作连词时可以引导原因状语从句。第一个空后about 5 years是名词短语，表示一段时间，故用介词For；第二个空后是一个从句，表示时间，应用since引导。故选B。
3. The Smiths have lived in the city of Qingdao since________.
A. ten years B. last summer C. they buy a flat D. five months later
【答案】B
【解析】考查since的用法。since作介词时, 后跟时间点作时间状语; 作连词时, 连接时间状语从句, 从句一般用过去式。句意: 史密斯一家人自去年夏天就住在青岛。故选B。
4. ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.
A. Since B. Or C. Though D. Till
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然你累了，你最好呆在家里休息一下。since ，从句表示明显的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为；既然”
5. — Why didn’t you go to the party — ______ I wasn’t invited.
A. As B. Since C. Because D. So
【答案】C
【解析】回答why的句子只能用because。because 表示直接原因，着重点在从句，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，语气最强。常用来回答why 的提问.这里就不能用since和as
要点10 symbol
symbol（n. 象征；符号；标志）
The dove is a universal symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的普遍象征。
The red rose has long been a symbol of love.红玫瑰长期以来是爱情的象征。
a symbol of（…… 的象征）
The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom and democracy.
自由女神像是自由与民主的象征。
In many cultures, white is a symbol of purity.
在许多文化中，白色是纯洁的象征。
【典例分析】
【典例分析】
1.The national flag is a ______ of our country. It represents our pride and unity.
A. sign B. symbol C. signal D. mark
【答案】B
【解析】句意：国旗是我们国家的象征。它代表着我们的骄傲和团结。“sign” 通常指 “迹象；标志；招牌”，比如交通标志；“symbol” 意为 “象征；符号”，强调具有抽象意义的象征，国旗象征国家符合此用法；“signal” 表示 “信号”，如交通信号；“mark” 表示 “标记；记号”，如做笔记的标记。所以这里应选 B。
2.The olive branch is widely known as a ______ of peace around the world.
A. picture B. symbol C. photo D. painting
【答案】B
【解析】句意：橄榄枝在全世界被广泛认为是和平的象征。“picture” 指 “图画；照片” ；“symbol” 表示 “象征”，橄榄枝象征和平是固定表达；“photo” 意为 “照片”；“painting” 意为 “绘画”。根据语境，这里强调象征意义，所以选 B。
3.In many cultures, the rose is a s______ of love.
【答案】symbol
【解析】句意：在许多文化中，玫瑰是爱情的象征。根据 “a...of love” 及首字母提示，“symbol” 符合 “…… 的象征” 的表达，所以填 symbol。
4.在中国，红色通常被视为好运的象征。
In China, red is usually regarded as ______ ______ ______ good luck.
【答案】a symbol of
【解析】根据 “…… 的象征” 的表达，应用固定短语 “a symbol of”，所以填 a symbol of。
要点11 enter
enter 后接表示地点的名词（如房间、建筑、区域等），强调 “从外部到内部的动作”，不与介词 into 连用（直接接地点名词）。
She entered the room quietly and sat down. 她悄悄走进房间坐下。
The country has entered a new period of economic growth.
这个国家已进入经济增长的新时期。
A beautiful sunset entered our view as we turned the corner.
我们转弯时，一片美丽的日落映入眼帘。
常见搭配与短语
enter for：报名参加（比赛、考试等）
He decided to enter for the writing competition.他决定报名参加写作比赛。
enter into：参与（协议、讨论等）；进入（某种状态）
They entered into a long-term partnership.他们达成了长期合作关系。
【典例分析】
1.They entered the city quietly. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C . went into
【解析】 C enter 进入=go into
2.They entered for the basketball game. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. came out of B. arrived C. took part in
【解析】C enter for 报名参加。
3. The cat entered ______ the house through a kitchen window.
A. in B. to C. at D. /
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这只猫通过厨房的窗户进入了房子。A. in 在…… 里面；B. to 朝、向；C. at 在（某地、某时刻）；D. /（不填介词）。“enter” 是及物动词，意为 “进入”，后面直接接宾语（如地点名词），不需要额外加介词，故选 D。
4.Our school will hold a party, and all students are welcome to ________ it.
A. join B. enter C. take D. make
【答案】B
【解析】此处表示 “参加” 派对，enter 有 “参与、加入（活动）” 的含义，符合 “学生参加派对” 的语境；join 侧重 “加入某个组织或群体”（如 join the club），不直接搭配 party；take（拿、采取）和 make（制作）与 “派对” 搭配语义不符，故排除 A、C、D。
要点12 attack
“attack” 是多词性词，可作动词和名词。含义 “攻击、进攻”，可用于描述具体的武力 / 身体攻击，也可用于抽象的问题、疾病等 “侵袭” 或 “抨击”。
一、“attack” 作动词 。“攻击；侵袭；抨击” “疾病 / 灾害侵袭”
The dog suddenly attacked the little boy when he walked past.
小男孩路过时，那只狗突然袭击了他。
Enemy soldiers attacked the village at dawn.
敌军士兵在黎明时分进攻了村庄。
She was attacked by a sudden heart problem while working.
她工作时突然心脏病发作。
A strong typhoon attacked the coastal city last weekend, causing heavy damage.上周末一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市，造成了严重损失。
二、“attack” 作名词（核心：“攻击；袭击；发作”）
常见搭配：make an attack on对…… 发起攻击；
under attack 在攻击中；
The army launched a surprise attack on the enemy’s base.
军队对敌军基地发动了突然袭击。
a heart attack心脏病发作；an asthma attack哮喘发作；have an attack发作
He had a severe heart attack and was sent to the hospital immediately.
他突发严重心脏病，被立即送往医院。
【典例分析】
1.When walking in the forest, we should be careful—some small animals may ______ us if they feel in danger.
A. attach B. attract C. attack D. attempt
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在森林里行走时，我们要小心 —— 一些小动物如果感到危险，可能会攻击我们。A. attach 附加、粘贴；B. attract 吸引；C. attack 攻击；D. attempt 尝试。根据 “feel in danger”（感到危险）可知，小动物可能会 “攻击” 人类，符合常识逻辑，故选 C。
2.A dog suddenly ran out and tried to ________ the little girl, but her father stopped it quickly.
A. play B. attack C. welcome D. guide
【答案】B
【解析】句意为 “一只狗突然跑出来，试图______那个小女孩，但她的父亲很快制止了它”。attack 表示 “袭击、攻击”，符合狗对人可能做出的危险行为；play（玩耍）、welcome（欢迎）、guide（引导）均不符合 “需要被制止” 的语境，故选B。
3.当医院受到攻击时，医生们仍在坚持工作。
Doctors kept working when the hospital was ________ ________.
【答案】under attack
要点 13：complaint
I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again. 我没耐性再听你的抱怨。
【拓展】
(1)complain vt. 投诉；抱怨
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
2)complain vi. 投诉；抱怨(后面+to/about/of)
I’ve really got nothing to complain of. 我确实没有什么可抱怨的。
(3)complain to s B. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
He complains to the police about the noise from the bar. 他向警察投诉酒吧噪音(扰民)。
【典例分析】
1.The woman kept ______________ (complain)about the noise from her neighborhood last night.
2.They’ve received a number of______________ (complaint)from customers about their poor service.
【答案】1.complaining 动词 2.complaints 名词。抱怨。
要点 14 noisy
noisy adj. 吵闹的
【例句】
It is very noisy in the bar. 酒吧里很吵。
【辨析】noise, voice与sound
(1)noise 指不悦耳、不和谐的声音，即“噪音；喧闹声”。
The noise of the machine disturbed us. 机器的噪音吵到我们了。
(2)voice 多指人发出的说话声、歌声、笑声。
Please speak in a louder voice. 请更大点声说。
(3)sound 泛指任何声音，不论其音量高低、是否悦耳等。
I heard the sound of running water. 我听见了流水声。
【典例分析】
1.It’s very __________ (noise)here. I can hardly hear you.
2.Please don’t make a lot of __________(noisy). Your father is sleeping.
【答案】1.noisy 形容词。喧闹的 2.noise
3.用noise sound 和voice填空。
1.Don’t make any _________!
2.At midnight he heard a strange __________
3.The girl has a beautiful __________.
4.They are talking in low ___________
5.I heard the__________ of running water
【答案】1.noise 2.sound/noise 3.voice 4.voices 5.sound
要点 15 by +sth./doing :
Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
by：① “在……的旁边”，表示位置，=near，beside 。
There is an old house by the lake. 在湖旁有一座老房子。
② “从……的旁边经过路过”，表示移动方向。
An old friend passed by me without stopping.一位老朋友从我身边经过，没有停留。
③ “不迟于，在……之前”，
You must finish the work by Friday.
④ “ 通过，用”,表示方法手段。如：
I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学英语。
⑤ “被，由，受”，用于被动语态。如：
The cake is eaten by the boy. 这块蛋糕被那个小男孩吃了。
【典例分析】
一、指出下列各句‘by’的用法
1.There is a house by the river.
【答案】by介词，在旁边=beside，near
2.An old friend passed by me without stopping.
【答案】by 介词。“从……的旁边经过路过”
3.You must finish this work by Friday
【答案】by 介词。到。。。为止
4.I learn English by listening to the radio.
【答案】by介词“ 通过，用”
5.The cake was eaten by that little boy
【答案】by “被，由，受” 用于被动语态。
要点16 hold
Hold them in our arm.抱着他们
Hold 抓住；握住；拿住
hold的其他含义：
Hold 是动词，意为“举行，举办，召开”，常可以用have来替换，过去式和过去分词均为held。
hold a meeting举行会议
hold a concert举行音乐会
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
hold 保持；维持 How long will this fine weather hold 这样的好天气能维持多久？
抓住；握住；拿住 He held the thief by the arm. 他抓住那个小偷的胳膊。
容纳；包含 Our classroom can hold more than fifty students. 教室能容纳50多个学生。
支撑……的重量 The chair can’t hold your weight. 这把椅子不能承受你的重量。
短语 catch hold of抓住； hold on（电话）别挂断；稍等
【典例分析】
1. The Olympic Games _____every four years.
A. are held B. were hold C. are holding D. will hold
【答案】C
【解析】：hold是动词。从本题句意知是一般现在时的被动语态，句意是“奥林匹克运动会每四年被举行一次”故此小题选C。
2、翻译，指出下面Hold在各句的意义。
1）He was holding the baby in his arms.
【答案】他用胳膊抱着婴儿。hold 抓住；握住
2）We hold a sports meeting twice a year in our school.
【答案】我们学校每年举行两次运动会。hold
3）Hold your head up.
【答案】抬起头来。hold up 抬起。
4）I don't think the chair can hold your weight.
【答案】我想这把椅子支撑不住你的重量。Hold 支撑……的重量
5）The plane holds about 300 passengers.
【答案】这架飞机大约容纳300名乘客。Hold 容纳；包含
要点17 the number of/ a number of
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：被邀请参加聚会的人数是五十人，但由于种种原因，许多人都缺席了。
考查主谓一致。根据A number of大量、很多；后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式；The number of……的数字/数目；当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。结合“people”，故选C。
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a 和 an两种形式，其中 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前；而定冠词只有the一种形式；根据空后number of 和“a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法: 1、the number of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 2、a number of意思是“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数，”结合句意可知，此空应填定冠词the，故选C。
3.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them _____ increasing.
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are
【答案】C
【解析】主谓一致法。a number of books意为“大量的书”，可知句子的谓语动词用复数；the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选C
4. ________ students in the school is over 2, 000.________ them are from the city.
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; A number of D. A number of; The number of
【答案】A
【解析】the number of意为“……的数量”；a number of意为“许多……”。根据句意可知选A。
要点 18. advice /advise
1. advise（动词）
advise sb. to do sth.（最常用，“建议某人做某事”）
My teacher advised me to read English every morning.（我的老师建议我每天早上读英语。）
advise doing sth.（“建议做某事”，后面接动名词）
The doctor advised drinking more water when you have a cold.（医生建议感冒时多喝水。）
advise that...（宾语从句，从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略）
He advised that we (should) finish our homework before dinner.（他建议我们晚饭前完成作业。）
2. advice（不可数名词）
表示 “一条建议” 用 “a piece of advice”，“多条建议” 用 “some pieces of advice”。
Could you give me a piece of advice on learning math （你能给我一条学习数学的建议吗？）
My dad always gives me good advice when I’m in trouble.（我遇到困难时，爸爸总是给我好建议。）
follow sb’s advice, 听从某人建议。take sb’s advice采纳某人建议
advice和suggestion的辨析
advice 不可数名词 This is a piece of useful advice. 这是一条有用的建议。 Who can give me some advice 谁能给我一些建议？
suggestion 可数名词 Here are some suggestions for you.这是给你的一些建议。
advice的动词形式为advise。advise和suggest的辨析
advise v.建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.结构 He advises me to have a good rest. 他建议我好好休息一下。
suggest v.建议， suggest sb. doing sth. I suggest having a good rest. 我建议好好休息一下。
【典例分析】
1.—Hello, Lucy, please give me some ______ on how to improve my English!
—You’d better keep _____more English books.
A. advices; read B. advice; read C. advice; reading D. advices; reading
【答案】用语法分析法解题。advice 是不可数名词；keep 后接动词的-ing形式。
2.My teachers advise us ________ computer games. That is bad for our eyes.
A. to play B. playing C. not to play D. not play
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的老师建议我们不要玩电脑游戏。那对我们的眼睛有害。advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事，故答案为C。
3.My teacher gave me much ________ on how to learn English well.
A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem
【答案】A
【解析】我的老师给了我很多关于如何学好英语的建议。A. advice 建议，不可数名词；question 问题，可数名词；C. suggestion 建议，可数名词；D. problem问题，可数名词。此处是由形容词much来修饰的，故用不可数名词，give advice on在…方面给出建议。故答案A。
4. Here are some ______ for protecting the Earth.
A. suggestions B. centuries C. advices D. treasures
【答案】A
【解析】A. suggestions 建议 B. centuries 世纪 C. advices建议，不可数不能加“s“
D. treasures珠宝 根据语境和句意选A
5. What an ________ you give us!
A. amazing advice B. good news C. wonderful suggestion D. interesting suggestion
【答案】D
【解析】“advice news ”不可数名词。排出掉。因为冠词“an”故只能选D
6. She suggested _______ early so that we could catch the first train.
　A. go get up B. getting up 　　 C. get up D. to getting up
【答案】B suggest doing sth 建议做某事。
7. I suggest that we _______ electric wires out of the reach of children.
　A. keep B. shall keep C. kept D. be kept
【答案】A 句意：我建议我们把电线放在孩子们够不着的地方。“suggest＋that宾语从句”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
8. Bob's doctor suggests ________ for a few weeks.
　A. that he is resting B. he rest 　　 C. he resting D. him to rest
【答案】B “suggest＋that宾语从句”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
9.老师建议我们每天阅读。（完成句子）
The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ ___________ every day.
=The doctor ____________ ____________ _________ every day.
【答案】advises us to read suggests us reading. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。suggest sb. doing sth.
建议某人做某事。
10. The article gives students some ________ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions D. advantages
【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这篇文章给学生们提供了如何保证上网安全的建议。suggestion意为“建议”；activity意为“活动”；decision意为“决定”；advantage意为“优点”。根据语境可知，此处表示“给学生提出建议”。故选A。
要点19 cause
cause ① n.起因
These causes led to a bad result. 这些原因导致了不良的后果。
I don't think you have cause to worry. 我认为你没有担心的理由。
② vt. 造成；导致……发生
The child's headache may be caused by stress. 那孩子的头痛可能是紧张引起的。
The earthquake caused great damage. 地震造成很大损害。
【辨析】cause reason excuse
1）cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事件有因果关系。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的起因是他开的太快了
2）reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因。
I have many reasons to fear him. 我怕他是有很多理由的。
3）excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。
Don't make up any excuse for your mistakes. 不要为你的过错编造任何借口。
【典例分析】
5．When populations increase too fast, it can ________ problems.
A．prepare B．mention C．accept D．cause
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当人口增长过快时，就会引发问题。
考查动词辨析。prepare准备；mention提到；accept接受；cause引起。根据“When populations increase too fast, it can ... problems.”可知，人口增长过快会引发问题。故选D。
2．—Sandy never cooks at home! How can a girl be so lazy
—I don’t think you have ________ to worry, Mom! That’s just a new lifestyle!
A．cause B．opinion C．excuse D．result
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——桑迪从不在家做饭！一个女孩怎么能这么懒？——我认为你没有理由担心，妈妈！这只是一种新的生活方式！
考查名词辨析。cause理由；opinion意见；excuse借口；result结果。根据“I don’t think you have...to worry, Mom! That’s just a new lifestyle!”可知，没理由担心，故选A。
要点 20：awake
awake：v.（awoke—awoken）（使）醒来
I was wide awake before dawn.
黎明前我已经完全醒了。（此时wide是副词，相当于completely）
China is awaking from her long sleeping. 亚洲正从长期沉睡中觉醒。
此外，awake还可作形容词，意思与asleep相对，与alive的用法相似。例如：
Is the baby awake or asleep 婴儿醒了还是睡着？
wake 醒来，叫醒
wake up
【典例分析】
1.他们每天早上一醒来，就在为了他们的家庭和未来而奔波。(完成句子)
They ________ ___________ every morning to work for their families and their future.
【答案】wake up
2.He often ________ (awake) up at seven in the morning.
【答案】wakes
【解析】wake 这里动词，醒来。Wake up 醒来，弄醒。
3.We still stay __________ (awake) although it is very late.
【答案】awake
【解析】这里用作形容词。“醒来的。”
4．Several hours later, Alice found herself ________ in a strange room.
A．aware B．awake C．aloud D．asleep
【答案】B
【解析】句意：几个小时后，爱丽丝发现自己在一个陌生的房间里醒了。
考查形容词辨析。aware明白的；awake醒着的；aloud大声地；asleep睡着的。根据“Alice found herself...in a strange room”及常识可知，发现自己的状态如何应是在清醒的时候，故选B。
5．Too much time on screen before sleep keeps our brain ________ and makes it hard for us to fall asleep.
A．alone B．awake C．asleep D．afraid
【答案】B
【解析】句意：睡前看太久屏幕会让我们的大脑保持清醒，让我们很难入睡。
考查形容词辨析。alone独自；awake醒着的；asleep睡着的；afraid害怕的。根据“makes it hard for us to fall asleep”可知，此处指会使我们保持清醒从而难以入睡。故选B。
知识要点二、语法
A 副词的用法
1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子
2 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律：
形容词类型 构成相应副词的方法 举例
一般情况 在形容词后直接加 -ly quick — quickly slow — slowly
以y结尾的形容词 先将y改成i,再加 -ly happy — happily busy — busily
绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 直接加 -ly polite — politely wide — widely
少数以e结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加 -ly true — truly terrible — terribly
特殊情况 与形容词同形 early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv.
3 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同，但词形却一样，这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。
B 副词的比较级和最高级
副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如：hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest
2 以字母e结尾的副词，直接加-r或-st。如： late — later — latest
3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est。如：early — earlier — earliest
4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词，前加more或 most。如：
beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly
5 不规则变化：well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest
【典例分析】
1. Imaginary things can sometimes create excitement _____________ (easy)than real ones.
【答案】more easily修饰动词用副词。两者比较用比较级。
2. Cornelius and Rosa grew their flowers ____________ (quick)and they won the competition.
【答案】（the）most quickly通过句意这里用副词最高级。The可以省略。
3. The book was extremely successful and sold________ (fast)than any of Dumas’s other works.
【答案】faster fast副词与形容词同形。
4. I can write ________________ (beautiful)than the others in our class.
【答案】more beautiful 修饰动词用副词。
5. Your handwriting is _______ good. (real)
【答案】really副词修饰形容词。
6. These apples taste ________ and sell _______. (good)
【答案】good well taste尝试起来后面用形容词构成系表结构。相似的词还有：feel sound smell look。后一空用副词。
7. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ________. (hard)
【答案】hard hard副词激烈地，剧烈地。Hardly 几乎不
8. Ken often works ______ into the night but he is never _____ for work. (late)
【答案】late， late 第一空late副词， 第二空late 形容词。
9. He listened __________ and answered the question. (careful)
【答案】carefully副词修饰动词。
8. Jack doesn’t jump so _______ as his classmates. (high)
【答案】high high形容词和副词同形。
知识要点三、书面表达
【话题分析】
如何表达自己观点：议论文
　本单元以“Pets and us”为主题，属于“人与社会”主题语境范畴，聚焦“人与动物的关系及责任”子主题。通过学习宠物相关词汇、表达养宠利弊及探讨人宠关系，引导学生在语言实践中培养对动物的关爱与责任意识。在语言能力培养上，学生掌握描述宠物特征、表达观点及比较宠物习性的词汇与句型。通过模仿王瑶的范文结构（观点+特征+理由），撰写“理想宠物”短文。
开头：直接亮明核心观点（猫是完美宠物）。
中间：列出理由展开论证，每个理由配具体细节支撑。
结尾：总结前文理由，重申核心观点，呼应开头。
注意事项：观点明确，论据充分，逻辑连贯，也可用连接词（Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly
/In addition）串联，使结构严谨。语言要简洁
开头：开门见山，亮明观点
写法：直接给出核心论点，不用铺垫，让读者快速知道文章主旨。
示例：原文开头 “I think that cats are the perfect pets.” 直接表明立场。
通用句式：I think/In my opinion/From my point of view, ...; I believe that...
中间：分点论证，细节支撑
写法：分 2-3个分论点，每个分论点独立成段，加具体细节（例子、事实）。
示例：原文用 Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly 分 3 点，每点后接具体表现（如 “clean” 对应 “clean themselves” “use a litter box”）。
通用连接词：
1.引出第一个分论点
Firstly, ...（首先，……） To begin with, ...（首先，……）
First of all, ...（首先，……）
2. 引出后续分论点
Secondly, ...（其次，……） Thirdly, ...（第三，……）
What’s more, ...（此外，……） In addition, ...（另外，……）
3. 补充细节 / 举例
For instance, ...（比如，……） That’s because ...（那是因为……）
结尾：总结升华，呼应开头
写法：概括前文分论点，重申核心观点，让结构完整闭环。
示例：原文结尾 “For these reasons, I believe that a cat is the perfect pet...” 总结 理由，呼应开头。
通用句式：For these reasons, ...（基于这些原因，……）
In conclusion, ...（总之，……）
Therefore, I believe that ...（因此，我认为……）
In short, ... is the best choice.（简而言之，…… 是最佳选择）
From what I have said, we can know that ...
（从我的论述中，我们可以知道……）
Basic structure of how to write an argument.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【短语积累】
1._________________________抱住某物
2._________________________照顾，照料
3._________________________ 一小部分
4._________________________更为重要的是
5._________________________除了……别无选择
6.________________________ 四处自由走的
7.________________________懒散度日
8._________________________对……忠诚的
9._________________________出于这些原因
10._________________________根据…
11._________________________养狗
12._________________________成为绝佳的玩伴
13._________________________长大
14._________________________乐意做某事
15.________________________带给你无尽的快乐
16._________________________简而言之
17._________________________而且
18._________________________别无选择
19._________________________引起…注意
20._________________________满怀骄傲
【答案】1.hold sth. in one’s arms 2.care for/look after/take care of 3. a small number of 4.what’s more
5.have no choice but to do 6.run free 7.lie around 8.be faithful to …. 9.for these reasons 10.according to ......
11.keep dogs 12.make great playmates 13.grow up 14.is pleased to 15.bring you lots of happiness 16.in short
17.What’s more 18.have no choice but to do 19.catch the eye of 20.be full of pride
【句式积累】
1. 养宠物狗是一个好主意。这有很多原因.(keep pet dogs)
Keeping pet dogs is a good idea. There are lots of reasons for this.
2.首先，狗狗真的非常可爱，是绝佳的玩伴。
First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates.
3. 其次，我们可以通过饲养狗来培养责任感。(learn sth. from …)
Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.
4. 据我妈妈所说，这样做能帮助我们成为更有责任心的人。(according to; help sb. do)
According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people.
5.简而言之，我认为养狗是个好主意。
In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.
6.更重要的是，人们住在公寓里是很常见的。他们别无选择但大部分时间都要把狗关在屋里。
What’s more, it’s common for people to live in flats. They have no choice but to keep their dogs inside most of the time.
7.由于所有这些原因，我建议你不要养狗作为宠物
Because of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet.
8.我选择养鱼作为宠物，因为它们非常适合像我这样忙碌的人。它们很容易照顾，我不必花太多时间照顾它们
I choose to keep fish as pets because they’re perfect for busy people like me. They’re easy to take care of, and I don’t have to spend much time looking after them
9.我喜欢养仓鼠作为我的宠物，因为它是一个很好的伴侣。仓鼠不会占用太多空间。
I love keeping a hamster as my pet because it’s such a wonderful companion. Hamsters don’t take up much space.
10.基于这些原因，我相信猫是任何人的完美宠物。
For these reasons, I believe that a cat is the perfect pet for anyone.
【实战演练 】
班里最近开展“最佳宠物”的话题讨论，你认为养兔子最好。请根据提示写一篇80词左右的英语短文来阐述你的意见和观点。标题和开头已给出，不计入词数。
养兔子的好处
1 兔子很可爱，抱在怀里很舒服。
2 兔子很爱干净，个性温和，不会吠叫和伤人。
3 兔子聪明，会用肢体语言表达喜怒哀乐等情感。
4 兔子体型小，不占空间，基本需求花费也不高。
可用素材：
（1）词汇 lovely, pleasant, clean, gentle, bark loudly, hurt, quiet, clever, show one’s feelings, body language,
take up, space, expensive
（2）句型 Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ... Finally, ...
For these reasons, I believe that ...
Rabbits make the best pets
In my opinion, rabbits make the best pets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rabbits make the best pets
In my opinion, rabbits make the best pets.
Firstly, rabbits are extremely lovely with soft fur. Holding them in your arms feels warm and pleasant, which can always cheer you up when you’re tired. Secondly, they are very clean and gentle. They never bark loudly or hurt people, making them friendly to everyone around. Thirdly, rabbits are clever. They use body language to show happiness, sadness or other feelings. Finally, rabbits are small, so they don’t take up much space at home. Their basic needs like food and a cage aren’t expensive either.
For these reasons, I believe that rabbits are the best choice for a pet.
【实战演练2】
饲养宠物狗无论在城市还是农村似乎成为一种时尚并越来越为人们所喜爱。最近你班同学针对该不该禁止在住宅小区养狗问题展开讨论。假如，你是某中学学生李华，请你根据所给的提示，写一篇短文，以E－mail的方式将你们班同学的讨论结果发送给某报社编辑－Mr Andy, 并阐明你自己的观点
理由 观点 同意 不同意 自己观点
1 可以看家，带来欢乐； 制造噪音,影响休息； ？
2 独生子女和老人不会感到孤独； 脏，污染环境；
3 学会关爱生命。 咬人。
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【范文赏析】
Dear Andy,
　　With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people like to raise dogs as their pets in the living areas or settlements．Recently, according to this, our class have held a discussion on whether people should raise these dogs．Different opinions are as follows：
　　Those who are for it think that people should have the right to raise dogs as their pets．First, dogs can not only help their masters watch out houses ,but also bring them happiness and pleasure．Second, by keeping dogs, the only child and the old will not feel lonely. Third, we can learn to care for the lives.
　　However, quite a large number of the people think dogs should not be raised as pets in the living areas．For one reason, they make so much noise, especially at night, which have a bad effect on people’s rest. Second, they are dirty and they often make the environment dirty．At last, sometimes, some dog may even bite people. People are often feeling frightened whenever they meet them．
　　In my opinion, I am strongly against raising dogs in the public places such as living areas and settlements．For the sake of people's safety and living environment , raising dogs as pets should be forbidden
【句式积累】
【实战演练】
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