2026年中考英语题型专项复习 专题五 词汇运用讲义

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2026年中考英语题型专项复习 专题五 词汇运用讲义

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2026中考英语题型专项复习
专题五 词汇运用
目 录
词汇运用 1
(一)单句型词汇运用 2
考法①用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 2
考法②根据句意和汉语提示写单词 4
考法③根据句意和首字母提示写单词 5
考法④选词填空 6
(二)语篇型词汇运用 8
考法①用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 8
考法②根据短文内容及首字母提示填空 11
考法③选词填空 13
考法④无提示类语篇填空 15
考法⑤语法填空(综合填空) 18
词汇运用
词汇运用题通常有单句型词汇运用和语篇型词汇运用两种考查形式,以考查学生对句子或篇章的阅读能力为基础,兼顾考查灵活运用词汇的能力;还要求学生具有较强的逻辑推理、分析和判断能力,同时要求学生掌握词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配等。
(一)单句型词汇运用
单句型词汇运用题以单句为依托考查学生的词汇运用能力,做题时可参考以下解题步骤:
①理解句子--正确理解句意是解题的基础
②联想词汇--结合句意联想关联词汇是解题的关键
③辨析形式--根据语法知识确定单词的形式是解题的核心
④拼写词汇--正确拼写出所考查词汇
考法①用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
该类试题要求学生在理解句意的基础上,分析句子结构,判断词性,并根据语法知识、关键信息及语境确定所填词的形式。
方法点拨:
1.通过成分推词性
①作主语——名词、人称代词主格、名词性物主代词、不定代词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等;
②作谓语——动词;
③作宾语或表语——名词、人称代词宾格、反身代词、名词性物主代词、不定代词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等;
④作定语——形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等;
⑤如果句子结构完整,不缺少成分,考虑作状语——副词等。
2.通过提示词推词形
①提示词为动词,可填原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、动词变成的名词或形容词;
②提示词为名词,可填原形、可数名词的复数形式、名词所有格、名词变成的形容词或动词;
③提示词为形容词,可填原级、比较级、最高级、形容词变成的副词、名词或加否定前缀;
④提示词为副词,可填原级、比较级、最高级;
⑤提示词为人称代词,可填主格、宾格、物主代词及反身代词;
⑥提示词为基数词,可将基数词变为序数词。

1.(2024江苏无锡中考)The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish)the science project.
2.(2024江苏无锡中考)This stone bridge (build)over 800 years ago.
3.(2025江苏中考模拟)Every year,Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its .(tour)
【解析】
1.分析句意可知,孩子们在实验室做了大量研究来完成那个科学实验,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to finish。
2.分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,主语This stone bridge是build的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据时间状语over 800 years ago可知用一般过去时,故填was built。
3.设空处位于形容词性物主代词之后,应用名词形式tourist,游客不止一人,应用复数形式,故填tourists。
考法②根据句意和汉语提示写单词
该题型以考查实词为主,很少考查虚词。要求学生根据汉语提示,推断出所需要的词汇,同时应进行正确的词形变化。

1.(2024江苏无锡中考)The work is very (累人的),but nobody complains about it.
2.(2024江苏无锡中考)Be more careful!A (过失)is as good as a mile.
3.(2025江苏中考模拟)My father always clothes hopping,for he doesn't care about his clothing.(避免)
【解析】
1.设空处作表语,根据语境可知,此处指的是工作使人疲劳。tiring使人疲劳的;累人的。故填tiring。
2.miss过失。设空处作主语,空前有不定冠词,此处应用名词单数,“A miss is as good as a mile.”意为“失之毫厘,谬以千里。”故填miss。
3.avoid避免。设空处作谓语,主语为第三人称单数,句子是一般现在时,要用动词的第三人称单数形式,故填avoids。
考法③根据句意和首字母提示写单词
该类试题要求学生正确理解句子含义,根据首字母提示初步判断所填词词义,然后分析句子结构,通过词性确定所填词的具体形式。
方法点拨:
通过词性推词形
1.填动词:考虑原形、第三人称单数、过去式、动词不定式、动词-ing形式等;
2.填名词:考虑可数名词单数/不可数名词、可数名词复数、名词所有格等;
3.填形容词或副词:考虑原级、比较级、最高级等;
4.填代词:考虑人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词等;
5.填数词:考虑基数词、序数词等;
6.填冠词、介词、连词:无需变形。

1.(2025四川成都模拟)From pocket parks to forest parks,local governments have been making efforts to make China's cities much g .
2.(2024江苏苏州中考)Tiger Hill c an area of about 14,100 square metres and is 34.3 metres high.
3.(2024四川成都中考)The brain makes up 2%of our body weight but uses about a fifth of the e we get from food.
【解析】
1.结合首字母,由From pocket parks to forest parks可知,此处指让城市变绿。green绿色,符合语境。空前有much,应用形容词比较级。故填greener。
2.结合首字母,由an area of可知,此处指占地面积,cover an area of意为“占地……”,此处描述客观事实,主语是虎丘,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填covers。
3.结合首字母,由we get from food可知,此处指我们从食物中获取的能量。energy是不可数名词,故填energy。
考法④选词填空
该类试题属于词形转换类题目。首先要分析备选词,理解词义,考虑词性及常用变形;然后理解句意,根据语境和语法知识确定所选词,注意使用正确的单词形式。
例(2023浙江温州中考)
usually during child luck clean
Chinese Customs
1.People the house before the Spring Festival every year.
2. should accept gifts from their elders with both hands.
3.On Mid-Autumn Day,Chinese people have a family dinner.
4. the Spring Festival month,people seldom have their hair cut.
5.Most people like to wear red on important days because red is a colour.
【解析】
1.clean the house扫房。该空在句中作谓语,根据时间状语every year可知用一般现在时,主语People泛指人们,为复数概念,故填clean。
2.设空处作主语,由from their elders及语境可知,这里泛指孩子们,应选择child并且用复数形式。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Children。
3.句子的主谓宾结构和语义完整,由此可知空处应填副词作状语,usually经常,符合语境。故填usually。
4.during在……期间,为时间介词,during the Spring Festival month在句中充当时间状语。句首单词首字母应大写。故填During。
5.根据常识可知,大多数人在重要的日子穿红衣服是因为红色是幸运色,空后为名词colour,此处应用形容词,故填lucky。
(二)语篇型词汇运用
语篇型词汇运用题以语篇为依托考查学生的词汇运用能力,做题时可参考以下解题步骤:
①通读全文--阅读全文,了解文章大意
②联想词汇--根据句意及提示,快速思考相关词形的变化
③初定方案--依据文章大意,结合语法知识、固定搭配等初步确定较为简单的题目的答案
④逐题分析--对没有把握的题目,要逐句细读,逐题分析,前瞻后顾,确定答案
⑤复核答案--再读文章,核实调整答案
考法①用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
该类试题要求学生把握文章大意,根据语法知识、固定搭配等确定答案,注意结合上下文的语义、逻辑关系等判断所填词的正确形式。
例(2024山东滨州中考)
The year 2024 celebrates the Chinese Year of the Dragon.It is respected as a 1. (luck)year,full of hope for all.
Chinese people respect the dragon,and even see themselves as the descendants(后代)of the dragon.In Chinese culture,the dragon is a symbol of power and good luck.People believe it controls the water and brings a good harvest.So they 2. (admire)the dragon since ancient times.And people who are born in the dragon year are thought to be confident and unafraid to take risks.
But how did the dragon become one of the twelve 3. (animal)in the Chinese zodiac(生肖) According to the legend,there was a party,and the order of the zodiac animals would be decided by the order in which they arrived.The dragon,although it had the ability
4. (fly),didn't come first because it stopped to make rain for farmers on 5. (it)
way.So,it was the 6. (five)one to arrive.
To show great respect towards the dragon,Dragon Dance
7. (start)by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty.Now it has been spread all over the world.The length of dragons can be 50 to 70 meters because people believe that the 8. (long)the dragon is,the more luck it will bring.But a small group 9. (not run)a very long dragon because it needs great human power,much money and special skills.
The dragon is not just an animal in the Chinese zodiac,it's also a powerful symbol that is rooted(根植)10. (deep)in Chinese history and customs.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了生肖龙的来历,中国人对龙从古至今的敬意及舞龙活动。
1.分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰名词year,应用形容词,故填lucky。
2.由时间状语since ancient times可知,这里应用现在完成时,主语是they,助动词用have,故填have admired。
3.空前有数词twelve,应用名词复数,故填
4.固定搭配have the ability to do sth意为“有做某事的能力”,故填to fly。
5.此处表示龙在路上停下来为农民降雨。on one's way表示在某人的路上,此处应填形容词性物主代词,故填its。
6.根据句意可知,此处指龙是第五个到达的,应填序数词,表先后顺序,故填fifth。
7.根据by the Chinese可知应用被动语态,又由时间状语during the Han Dynasty可知应用一般过去时,故填was started。
8.固定搭配“the+比较级…,the+比较级.…”意为“越……,越……”,故填longer。
9.根据句意可知,一小组人无法舞动一条很长的龙,因为这需要巨大的人力、财力及特殊的技巧。所以此处应加上表能力的情态动词can,故填can't run。
10.分析句子结构可知,所填词修饰is rooted,应用副词形式,故填deeply。
考法②根据短文内容及首字母提示填空
该类试题的特点是将一篇短文中的若干词抽出,仅保留这些词的首字母作为提示。学生需要根据语篇内容、语法知识等填写完整的单词。
例(2024江苏连云港中考)
Community connects us with each other.A community is a
1.p where people live,work and play together.It's just like a school,where 2.s help each other to learn.People in a community 3.h one another,too.
People in a community have different skills.
They often help neighbors 4.s all kinds of problems.For example,sometimes people do not feel well.The 5.d and nurses will make them feel better.There are also some engineers.They may help people 6.f their broken bicycles or washing machines.When people don't know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes,the artists will give them some 7.a
Some college students work as volunteers in their
8.s time.They often do some cleaning for the old people and help students with their 9.h .
Community is not a building or an organization.
It is like a big 10.f .Members of a community have a sense of trust and safety,and they care for each other.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了什么是社区。
1.根据语境及首字母提示可知,社区是一个人们一起生活、工作和玩耍的地方。故填place。
2.根据school及首字母提示可知,学校是学生互助学习的地方。故填students。
3.根据too及首字母提示可知,一个社区里的人们也相互帮助。故填help。
4.此处指帮助邻居解决各种问题。help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”,故填solve。
5.根据首字母及与空处并列的nurses可知,此处表示医生且应填名词复数,故填doctors。
6.此处指他们可能帮助人们修理坏了的自行车或洗衣机。故填fix。
7.此处指艺术家会给他们一些建议。advice为不可数名词,故填advice。
8.结合语境及首字母提示,此处指一些大学生在业余时间做志愿者。故填spare。
9.此处指一些大学生在家庭作业方面给学生提供帮助,应填名词。故填homework。
10.此处指社区像个大家庭,应填名词。故填family。
考法③选词填空
该类试题的特点是将语篇中抽出的词打乱顺序,部分题目还会增加干扰词,要求选择合适的词并将其适当形式填入空处。
例(202 4湖北中考)
after attention clean collect come first he helpful hold life
Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition
In November of 2023,the first Rubbish Collection World Cup was 1. in Asia.Teams from 21 countries took part in it.According to the rules,each team had 90 minutes to 2. rubbish as much as possible.Britain finally won 3. prize.“We hope more people around the world will pay 4. to environmental problems,"said a British team member.
When Ken,the founder(创始人)of the competition,was interviewed,he talked about how he 5. up with the idea.Several years ago,he found many sea animals died 6. they ate the rubbish in the sea.So he started to pick up rubbish on 7. way to the beach every morning.
“Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle's(海龟的)8. .It's also a good way to keep the beach 9. .”In his eyes,changing people's thoughts about rubbish was more important.
“Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 10. ,"added Ken.“Now,I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it to protect our environment."
【语篇解读】
本文主要介绍了“垃圾收集世界杯”这场比赛的基本情况、目的及意义,呼吁人们保护环境。
1.the first Rubbish Collection World Cup与hold之间是被动关系,且空前已有was,故填held。
2.此处表示收集垃圾,collect符合句意,动词不定式标志to后接动词原形,故填collect。
3.此处指英国最终赢得了一等奖。win first prize“获得一等奖”,故填first。
4.此处表示希望更多人关注环境问题。pay attention to为固定搭配,意为“关注”,故填attention。
5.come up with为固定搭配,意为“想出”,根据空前的talked可知,此处应该用一般过去时,故填came。
6.此处指很多海洋动物在吃了海里的垃圾后死亡,after“在……之后”,符合句意。故填after。
7.on one's way to…意为“某人在去……的路上”,主语为he,此处应用he的形容词性物主代词,故填his。
8.根据关键词save及上文中“he found many sea animals died”可推知此处指救一只海龟的生命。故填life。
9.此处指捡垃圾能够使沙滩保持干净,clean“干净的”,故填clean。
10.根据空前的and和meaningful可知,helpful“有帮助的”符合语境,故填helpful。
考法④无提示类语篇填空
该类试题要求学生依靠对语篇的理解和语言知识积累来填写合适的词。由于缺乏词汇提示,考生需在更广阔的语义和语法范围内进行思考,对语言综合运用能力要求更高。
方法点拨:多方法推词义
1.语境推断:根据上下文的语境提示或者暗示,身临其境地理解作者所处的情境,体会作者的情感态度,推断出符合场景的最佳词汇;
2.固定搭配:结合语境并利用常用句型及习惯表达直接填出答案,要注意平时多积累;
3.逻辑推理:通过故事的线索、文章结构推测文章前后内容之间的逻辑关系,继而推断答案;
4.词汇复现:指空处词汇以原词、同/近义词、反义词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,可由此推断出答案;
5.语法知识:常考的语法知识包括冠词、代词、介词、并列连词、定语从句的关系词、状语从句的引导词、宾语从句的引导词等。
例(2025山西模拟)
As the saying goes,“Life is like a box of chocolates,and you never know what you will get."
During our preparation for zhongkao,we might get the bitter(苦的)chocolate.The bitterness comes from many things,1.
getting up early,doing all kinds of exercises and so on.
But when we taste the bitterness carefully,we will be surprised to discover some sweetness in it.The sweetness comes from the
2. who love us.The first must be our parents.They helped us to tidy up our rooms and prepare delicious meals.Besides,we want to express thanks to our teachers.They 3. us to bring out the best in ourselves.Also,we shouldn’t forget our classmates.They helped us to keep moving when we wanted to give 4. .With the help of all of them,we could achieve so much in our life.
And life is the same.Bitterness is just the outside,5. the sweetness is the inside.When we think life is not what we expect,we can look to the bright side and will find something nice.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。中考过程中有苦有甜,生活也是如此,要用积极的心态去面对各种挑战。
1.设空处为介词,用以引出后文列举出的一些苦涩的事情,故用like“例如”或including“包括”。故填like/including。
2.根据下文可知,此处指甜蜜来自爱我们的人们,故填people/persons。
3.设空处缺少谓语动词,根据“Besides,we
want to express thanks to our teachers.They..us to bring out the best in ourselves."可知,老师帮助我们展现最好的一面。动词help“帮助”,符合语境。结合下文“They helped us to”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填helped。
4.根据“They helped us to keep moving when we wanted to give…”可知,此处指当我们想要放弃的时候,同学们帮助我们前进。give up“放弃”符合语境。故填up。
5.设空处缺少连词,前后文之间是转折关系,应用but“但是”连接。故填but。
考法⑤语法填空(综合填空)
该题型是一个综合题型,全面考查学生对词汇、语法及句法的运用能力,一般包含有提示词填空和无提示词填空两种考查形式。有提示词填空做题时需要考虑所给词的词性与词形变化,无提示词填空需重点关注固定搭配、从句引导词、介词、连词、冠词和常用副词等。
例(2025山东烟台模拟)
Mooncakes are one of the most popular foods during the Mid-Autumn Festival.But let's be honest:not many of us really like to eat them,mainly 1.they are made in factories and often several months old by the time they 2. (buy).Now here's the thing:homemade mooncakes.They're amazing,whether you're eating them 3. (you)or giving them to your friends as gifts.Yes,they require a lot of effort,but they're worth it.
4. (produce)mooncakes,you'll need a mold(模具).Molds are available in different sizes and depths.I usually use a traditional large 5. (wood)mold.But a plastic mold in a similar size will do just fine.
Before cooking,I prepare several kinds of ingredients(原料)and make them into balls separately.The key to 6. (make)proper mooncakes is to gather each ball in layers(层).In my way,the middle ball is made of nut(坚果)pieces.The 7. (two)layer is made of mashed red bean mixed with sugar,which is lastly covered with a layer of pastry(油酥面团).It is then pressed into a mold and carefully taken out into the oven.
It's important to follow the cooking 8. (instruction)carefully.To prevent breaking up,I first cook mooncakes 9. a high temperature to set the pattern and shape.Then,I lower the temperature and remove them 10. (regular)to brush the surface with egg wash.
Just look at my mooncakes!Not bad,right
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了自制月饼的过程。
1.空前提到很多人不喜欢吃月饼,空后说明原因:它们在工厂制成,数月后我们才买到它们。应填连词,空前后是因果关系,且空后为原因,故填because。
2.代词they与动词buy之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,文章以一般现在时进行描述,故填are bought。
3.根据or前后描述的两种情况可知,此处指自己吃或者送人,应填主语you对应的反身代词,故填yourself/yourselves。
4.分析句子结构及语境可知,逗号前为目的状语,应用动词不定式,句首单词首字母大写,故填To produce。
5.分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词mold,应填形容词,故填wooden。
6.the key to doing sth意为“做某事的关键”,其中to为介词,其后接动词-ing形式,故填making。
7.由空前的The可知,设空处和空后的layer表示“第二层”,应填序数词,故填second。
8.instructions意为“操作指南”,此处指做月饼要认真按照指南操作,故填instructions。
9.固定搭配at a high temperature意为“在高温下”。故填at。
10.分析句子结构可知,所填词用于修饰动词remove,应用副词。故填regularly。

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