四川省遂宁中学校2025-2026学年高一上学期半期考试英语试卷(含答案,无听力音频有听力原文)

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四川省遂宁中学校2025-2026学年高一上学期半期考试英语试卷(含答案,无听力音频有听力原文)

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遂宁中学2025~2026学年度上期半期考试高一英语
考试时间:120分钟 满分:150分
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman plan to wear tonight
A. A blouse and jeans. B. A business suit. C. A T- shirt and trousers.
2. How does the man sound
A. Positive. B. Angry. C. Amazed.
3. What does the woman’s father do
A. A fisherman. B. A traffic policeman. C. An engineer.
4. What are the speakers mainly discussing
A. A restaurant. B. The man’s dog. C. Some annoying behaviors.
5. Which course does the woman decide to take
A. Data Science. B. Creative Writing. C. Psychology of Happiness.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分,满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话,回答6、7小题。
6. What is the man’s hometown known for
A. Music. B. Coffee. C. Seafood.
7. Where are the speakers
A. In New Orleans. B. In Seattle. C. In Chicago.
听下面一段较长对话,回答8-10小题。
8. What kind of oil will Dylan buy
A. Soybean oil. B. Olive oil. C. Sunflower oil.
9. What is the woman doing
A. Cooking a dish. B. Making orange juice. C. Looking for carrots.
10. What does the woman ask Dylan to do
A. Wash some peppers. B. Get film tickets. C. Buy some popcorn.
听下面一段较长对话,回答11-13小题。
11. When will the man check out of the hotel
A. On May 15th. B. On May 17th. C. On May 18th.
12. What type of room will the man stay in
A. A family room. B. A double room. C. A single room.
13. What is the man going to do next
A. Look for his bank card.
B. Ask about the breakfast.
C. Apply for a membership card.
听下面一段较长对话,回答14-17小题。
14. Who might the man be
A. A producer. B. A host. C. A musician.
15. Where did Emily go first for the new album
A. To Milan. B. To Paris. C. To Geneva.
16. Which song has special meaning for Emily
A. Moments. B. City Lights. C. Echoes of Tomorrow.
17. What is Emily’s next plan
A. Holding an online concert. B. Going on a concert tour. C. Having a fan meeting.
听下面一段独白,回答18-20小题。
18. How many times has Xie Jianguo visited Kenya
A. 9 times. B. 16 times. C. 30 times.
19. Why has Xie Jianguo turned his eyes to his homeland since 2012
A. He was influenced by other photographers.
B. He was tired of travelling to other countries.
C. He wanted to show the beauty of wildlife in China.
20. What do we know about the “Nature Image China” project
A. It is set up by Xie Jianguo himself.
B. It has hosted over 100 photo exhibitions.
C. It organizes photography events only in China
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2. 5分,满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C和D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
International Development Observer (IDO) is a group in China that helps with things around the world. The people who lead it are very experienced in helping countries grow. IDO works on three main things: how countries work together, how one country helps another, and big problems that affect everyone. Since it started in 2020, IDO has written lots of articles, and many people from different countries have read them. These readers are from governments, the United Nations and NGOs.
Now, IDO wants students to help check how well their articles are translated into English. Here's what the students will do.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Work closely with the IDO team and volunteers who will be tasked:
·Read the English versions of articles that were first written in Chinese.
·Make the English articles on the IDO website even better.
WHAT YOU GET
·Your name will be on the articles you help with, like you’re the editor.
·You can write your own articles about the things IDO cares about and put them on the website.
·You can be offered a recommendation letter upon your request.
SELECTION REQUIREMENT
·Be fluent in English.
·Better to be fluent in Chinese too, but it’s not a must.
·Have done well in school.
·Be excited to make a difference.
If you want to join, send an email with your CV. For more information, please click here.
21. What is the main purpose of IDO
A. To help people from governments.
B. To make money by writing articles.
C. To help with international development.
D. To collect articles from different countries.
22. What can a student volunteer expect to get from working with IDO
A. A good job offer with expected high pay.
B. An opportunity to be an editor in IDO.
C. A chance to publish articles on its website.
D. A free trip abroad as an exchange student.
23. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A research paper. B. A book report. C. A science magazine. D. A web page.
B
At the age of 16, I lived with my parents at an institute 18 miles from Durban with no neighbors around. One day my father needed a ride to town for a meeting. Meanwhile, my mother gave a list of groceries and my father asked me to take care of several pending chores such as getting the car serviced. When I dropped my father off that morning, he said, “I will meet you here at 5:00 p.m., and we will go home together.”
After hurriedly completing my chores, I went straight to the nearest movie theater. I got so focused that I forgot the time. By the time I ran to the garage and got the car and hurried to where my father was waiting for me, it was almost 6:00 p.m. He anxiously asked me, “Why were you late ” I was so ashamed of telling him I was watching a movie that I said, “The car wasn’t ready, so I had to wait,” not realizing that he had already called the garage. When he caught me in the lie, he said, “There’s something wrong in the way I brought you up that didn’t give you the confidence to tell me the truth. In order to figure out where I went wrong with you, I’m going to walk home 18 miles and think about it.”
So, dressed in his suit and dress shoes, he began to walk home in the dark on mostly unpaved, unlit roads. I couldn’t leave him, so for five-and-a-half hours I drove behind him, watching my father go through this pain for a stupid lie that I told.
I decided then and there that I was never going to lie again. I often think about that experience and wonder, if he had punished me the way we punish our children, whether I would have learned a lesson at all. I don’t think so. I would have suffered the punishment and gone on doing the same thing. But this single action was so powerful that it is still as if it had happened yesterday.
24. Why did the author drive to the town
A. To get the car replaced. B. To attend a meeting.
C. To go for a ride. D. To give his father a lift.
25. How does his father respond to the writer’s lie
A. He gave comfort to the writer.
B. He reconsidered his parenting.
C. He punished the writer immediately.
D. He called the garage right away.
26. How did the author feel when he drove behind his father
A. Regretful. B. Annoyed. C. Shocked. D. Confused.
27. What lesson can parents learn from this father’s approach
A. Thinking in children’s shoes is important.
B. Taking no action on kids’ mistakes is helpful.
C. Non-violent actions are useful and powerful.
D. Spending more quality time is effective.
C
With digital learning gaining popularity, some students choose to learn from home using computers and the Internet. They used websites and digital books instead of paper ones. But are they learning as well as they think
Studies show that reading on paper is easier to understand than reading on a screen. Anne Mangen, a literacy professor at the University of Stavanger in Norway, says reading on paper is calm and attracts our attention, unlike the reading on a screen.
Experts say that while screens are good for quick news, complex texts are better on paper. They help us remember details better. A study by Lauren Singer Trakhman found that students understood the main ideas whether they read on paper or a screen, but they missed small details on screens. Reading on screens might make us read faster but not as deeply. Our brains might be getting used to quick information from digital media and not thinking carefully about what we read.
Some research shows that our brains react differently to paper and screens. Reading on paper can make us feel more and understand the space around us better.
So what can we do We shouldn't stop using screens, but we should think about what we read on them. Singer Trakhman says she uses her Kindle for fun but turns to paper for serious reading. To remember what we read on screens, we can try writing down the main points by hand. It might help us remember better than typing. And sometimes, turning off our devices and reading a real book can be very nice.
28. What does Anne Mangen think of reading on paper
A. It is better for reading quick news.
B. It brings peaceful reading experience.
C. It provides a new adventure for readers.
D. It helps to improve communication abilities.
29. Why might students miss details when reading on screens
A. Screens make the text harder to read.
B. The text on screens is usually less detailed.
C. Students tend to read quickly and not think deeply.
D. Screens make it difficult to understand the main ideas.
30. What can be inferred from Lauren Singer Trakhman's reading habits
A. She hardly uses screens in daily reading.
B. She likes using Kindle for all types of reading.
C. She thinks Kindles are suitable for serious reading.
D. She prefers to use paper for challenging literature.
31. Which is the best title for this passage
A. The Advantages Digital Learning Brings
B. Reading on Paper vs. Reading on Screens
C. How Reading on Paper Shapes Students
D. The Importance of Online Learning at Home
D
There are 6,909 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about six percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe.
With more than 1.3 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China’s area and population, the country is able to keep many unique and interesting languages. When speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 15 dialects (方言) spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn’t stopped it from becoming the second most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, including places like North America, India, Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing work in these fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe.
Since the popularity of social media, the development of a Global Language Network can be reflected using book translations, Twitter, and Wikipedia. These social networks are only used by elites—a small number of people with wealth and influence, who can reach both traditional and new media. Statistics of use from these social networks indicate that while English is definitely the center in the Global Language Network, other intermediate centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are vastly more popular than German or French, and it is likely that those languages will grow in use of traditional and new media.
32. What does the underlined word “dominate” mean
A. rule. B. follow. C. improve. D. weaken.
33. Which of the following does not cause the widespread use of Chinese
A. The large population of China.
B. The various dialects of Chinese.
C. The geographical size of China.
D. Its influence in global colonization.
34. Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language
A. It promotes national tourism.
B. It is helpful for them to seek jobs.
C. It is mainly used in local business.
D. It allows them become online influencers.
35. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. English will become less central in the future.
B. Social media can equally reached by all people.
C. Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business.
D. Language use is changing due to social media use.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s natural to experience school-related stress. But school stress is also something you can successfully manage. This article lists several strategies for coping with school stress. So, instead of letting school stress control you, take charge of your stress and enjoy your school experience!
Get to know your stress response.
You can react to stress faster when you know it’s coming on. Each person responds to stressful situations differently. Your shoulders might tighten, and your body might start shaking. Listen to your body so you know when stress is coming on. ___36___
Identify your school stress triggers (触发因素).
It’s hard to manage stress when you don’t know what’s causing it. 37 Is it too much homework, worries about grades, peer pressure, bullying, some combination of these Once you’ve identified the triggers, you can come up with targeted stress-management solutions.
Replace negativity with positive self-talk.
38 It may feel a little silly at first, but repeating positive affirmations (肯定) can really give you a boost and help bring stress under control. Speak quietly to yourself if you can, or just do your self-talk in your head. Use short, focused, and relevant affirmations like “I will give my best effort on this test” and “I am a good person just the way I am”.
39
Good time management and good stress management are connected. ___40___ Instead, plan out your time to help prevent your homework from piling up. Stick to a daily schedule to keep things manageable so you’re never left with a tower of work to conquer by tomorrow.
A. Manage your homework.
B. Make a homework schedule.
C. So it is important to deal with your stress in school.
D. Quietly repeat positive affirmations to calm and refocus your mind.
E. It’s not enough to say that “school” is causing you stress — dig a little deeper!
F. It’s really tough to stay calm when you have piles of homework staring back at you!
G. In that way, you can better identify what’s causing your stress and more effectively manage your stress.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分55分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This good news story comes from Deltona Florida. A five-year-old boy was safely rescued from a pond thanks to the ____41____ action of deputies (警官) with the Volusia Sheriff’s Office.
The incident happened on a Tuesday evening when the young boy, who has autism (自闭症), ____42____ to escape his home on Valmont Lane by slipping out through a second-story door, ____43____ an alarm. His father immediately realized the boy was ____44____ and, along with neighbors, began a hurried ____45____ for the child. By 7:30 pm, they called 911 for help.
Deputies arrived on the scene and searched the ____46____ and surrounding area, but the boy was nowhere to be found. Knowing the child’s ____47____ in water, they began to search nearby bodies of water — a(an) ____48____ decision that finally led to the boys rescue.
Deputy Brough and another two deputies ____49____ their search on a pond just a few blocks behind Toluca Court while other deputies searched other places. At around 7:48 pm, Deputy Brough heard a weak ____50____, and then spotted the boy holding on to a thick branch in the water.
Without hesitation, Deputy Brough jumped into the pond to ____51____ the child. He carried the boy to ____52____, where he was immediately ____53____ by medical personnel and then reunited with his family.
The quick response of Deputy Brough, along with the ____54____ efforts of the entire team, ____55____ saved the boy’s life.
41. A. careful B. risky C. quick D. legal
42. A. scheduled B. managed C. wanted D. prepared
43. A. taking off B. giving off C. setting off D. turning off
44. A. missing B. crying C. upset D. sick
45. A. search B. research C. check D. rescue
46. A. pond B. office C. door D. home
47. A. belief B. interest C. skill D. effect
48. A. hard B. personal C. poor D. important
49. A. focused B. fed C. built D. blamed
50. A. talk B. laughter C. cheer D. voice
51. A. find B. reach C. stop D. catch
52. A. peace B. love C. safety D. luck
53. A. examined B. touched C. encouraged D. judged
54. A. unseen B. passive C. shared D. voluntary
55. A. regularly B. silently C. officially D. undoubtedly
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, more and more 56 (country) around the world are holding celebrations for Chinese Spring Festival. What’s more, not only are these celebrations attended and enjoyed by Chinese citizens 57 (live) abroad, but by many other nationalities, too.
With 58 (variety) decorations of lanterns and lamps, shopping centres have been organizing events and activities 59 (celebrate) Chinese Spring Festival for years, while concerts and other performances are also proving 60 big success. Tickets for the 2023 Grand Chinese New Year Concert in St. Petersburg sold out, with 90% of the audience local Russians. People are also discovering the fun of sharing happiness 61 others, rather than 62 (simple) watching as part of an audience. To celebrate the 2023 festival, over 1,000 Ghanaian junior high school students
63 (get) up on stage to perform Chinese songs and dances. Meanwhile, since 2016 students 64 (be) able to enjoy an official day’s holiday for Chinese Spring Festival in New York City.
It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a global celebration of joy and love, 65 attracts more and more tourists to China.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 虽然我们与父母会有不同见解,但父母依然是我们最亲的人,请以“How to Get on Well with Our Parents”为题,用英语写一篇短文,与大家分享一下你的做法。内容包括:
1.与父母相处融洽的意义;
2.分享你与父母亲和谐相处的做法;
3.提出倡议。
写作要求:
1.语言流畅,层次清晰,内容可以适当发挥;
2.词数80左右;
3.书写规范,卷面整洁。
How to Get on Well with Our Parents
Parents are the people who love us most. __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze; it felt as though my soul departed from my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the name list posted on the wall of the locker room. My heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends’ names on that list but could not find mine. At that moment, I froze; I just could not accept that all my friends were on the school basketball team, but I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. “Mr John, are you sure that the name list you posted is correct ” I asked anxiously, dreading his answer.
“Yes, the names on the list are finalized. Sorry if you did not make it this year. There is always next year,” the coach replied without the slightest bit of pity.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears filling my eyes. All my efforts were in vain. I ran out of the room as fast as I could. As soon as I walked out, I saw my friends crowding into the locker room to look at the team list. I heard them shouting and laughing as I walked away. Every one of them jumped around with exuberance (生气勃勃) after seeing that they made the team. Trying to forget about the situation, I planned to head over to the cafeteria to buy some food, but Dan caught up with me on the way.
“Everybody is coming over to my house to celebrate! Will you be there ” he asked.
“I… I didn’t make the team,” I stammered (结巴).
“Oh, I didn’t know. You can still come after school if you want,” he hesitated.
注意:
续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dan walked away, making me hopeless. _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
After almost a year of practicing, I tried again. _____________________________
第一部分 听力
1-5 AABCC 6-10 ACBAC 11-15 CBABB 16-20 CAACB
第二部分 阅读
A:CCD B:DBAC C:BCDB D:ADBD
七选五:GEDBF
完形填空:
41-45:CBCAA 46-50:DBDAD 51-55:BCACD
语法填空:56:countries 57 living 58 various 59 to celebrate 60 a 61 with
62 simply 63 got 64 have been 65 which
Text 1
W: Any thoughts on what to wear for the party tonight
M: Instead of a business suit, I’m considering wearing a t shirt and a pair of dark trousers.
W: Nice. I’m going to wear a blouse paired with jeans.
M: Good choice.
Text 2
W: I can’t believe our flight got cancelled. This messes up our holiday arrangements.
M: Well, let’s look on the bright side. We now have an extra day to explore this city. Maybe we’ll discover some more amazing things.
Text 3
M: My dad works in an engineering company. Although he is busy, he manages to find some time for fishing.
W: Well. My dad directs the traffic and deals with accidents to ensure road safety.
Text 4
M: I saw some people throwing plastic bags on the street when I was walking my dog yesterday. That was too bad.
W: They don’t seem to have good manners. I once found two people smoking in the non-smoking area of a restaurant.
Text 5
W: I’ve just finished creative writing this term. I’m thinking of taking psychology of happiness next term, but I’m attracted to data science too.
M: Both are great choices, but I find the former more inspiring.
W: Then I’ll go with this one.
Text 6
W: Tom, where are you from
M: I’m from New Orleans.
W: Could you tell me something about your hometown
M: Sure. New Orleans is famous for its music scene, especially jazz. The St. Louis Cathedral is a significant cultural landmark.
W: Sounds amazing. I’m from Seattle. It is known for its coffee culture and the seafood there is also fantastic. Have you ever tried Seattle’s famous salmon
M: Not yet, but I’d love to have a try.
W: There’s a restaurant right here in Chicago that serves delicious salmon from Seattle. We can go there sometime.
M: Okay.
Text 7
M: Hi mum, this is Dylan. I’ve got your shopping list, but I have some questions.
W: What do you want to know
M: I don’t know what type of oil to buy. Is it soybean oil, olive oil or sunflower oil
W: Get olive oil. I always cook with olive oil because it’s healthier.
M: Okay. Besides, there are no drinks on the list. Should I get some orange juice or milk
W: Oh, I forgot to write that down. Get both. We’ll have milk for breakfast and orange juice for tonight’s dinner.
M: Speaking of dinner, you’re making beef with baked beans, right
W: Yes, beef with baked beans is your dad’s favorite dish. It will be ready in half an hour, so please hurry. And don’t forget the carrots. I want carrots for the salad.
M: Carrots and peppers are on the list. I have got them.
W: Good. Get some popcorn, too. We can have popcorn while enjoying a film on TV after dinner.
M: All right.
Text 8
W: Sunset Hotel how may I help you
M: Hi, I’d like to book a room at your hotel for a three night stay.
W: Okay, may I know your name and check in date
M: Yeah, David Smith, I’m planning to arrive on the 15th of may.
W: We have several room options available, are you looking for a single room, a double room or a family room, Mr Smith
M: A double room, please. How much is the nightly rate
W: Okay, our double room is 120 dollars per night. Would you like to book one Now we need your ID number and bank card details.
M: Yes, but before that, may I ask if breakfast is included
W: Certainly our room rate includes breakfast. It is served from six am to nine a.m. Any other preferences or special requests
M: No, everything sounds good. I’d like to book one.Let me find my bank card.
Text 9
M: Hi everyone, welcome to our program. I’m Andy Griffin. Today we have the talented singer songwriter Emily Ryan with us. Emily, your new album is coming out this month. Can you tell us about the inspiration and creative process behind it
W: Yeah, this album is a journey of self discovery. I traveled to different cities for inspiration. Paris was my first stop, where I found a rich history of music. Then I headed for Geneva and Milan. I worked with talented musicians and producers. We use different styles to create a rich experience for the listeners.
M: Sounds amazing. Can you introduce some of the songs in your new album to our listeners
W: Okay, Echoes of Tomorrow is a song influenced by a poem I read. City lights, inspired by my time in Paris, captured the romantic atmosphere there, and Moments was based on my experiences in Geneva.
M: Excellent. Is there a song that holds special meaning for you
W: Definitely. The title track Echoes of Tomorrow is very close to my heart. It reflects the challenges I face and the hope for a better future.
M: That’s touching any plans after the album release
W: Absolutely. I’m planning an online concert and then, hopefully a live tour. Once things settle down, I’m eager to connect with fans in a live setting.
M: Wonderful, thanks for sharing and good luck with the album.
Text 10
Photographer Xie Jianguo has been working hard to document China’s rare and endangered animals. Xie has been to many places such as Kenya, Botswana and Madagascar nine times. Furthermore, he has visited the Arctic and Antarctic continents more than 30 times.
In addition, Xie has explored different regions across Europe, North America, south America, Asia and Australia. Since 2012, Xie has turned his eyes to his homeland, focusing on shooting wildlife in China. He said I want to show the beautiful moments of wildlife to not only record their living conditions, but also to express the importance of protecting wild animals and their habitats.
In 2016 Xie worked with Chen Jian Wei to start the nature image China project. It is committed to recording and preserving the natural beauty of China while promoting its rich natural image culture to the world. So far, the project has organized 30 photography events, hosted over 100 photo exhibitions at home and abroad, and exhibited over 7000 photographic works.
应用文写作
How to Get on Well with Our Parents
Parents are the people who love us most. They care for us and take care of us. Without doubt we should get on well with them and respect them. Here are some of my ways to get on well with my parents.
First of all, I often talk with my parents about my feelings and worries so that they can know me better. Sharing ideas can make us closer. What’s more, I am never rude to them even if we don’t agree with each other. Being polite is the key to a better relationship. Besides, I often find out the reasons why we have different ideas. Only in this way can we accept each other little by little.
Let’s try our best to get on well with our parents. The more we do, the better relationship with our parents we will have.
读后续写
Dan walked away, making me hopeless. I felt dead inside, like nothing mattered. My mind went blank for the rest of the school day. My heart broke when I saw all my friends gathering after school, joking and laughing around. It was then that it occurred to me that nobody was going to give me a position on that team. I would have to earn it by myself. Having made this mental breakthrough, I decided to work for my goal of making the team. I decided to hit the gym every day.
After almost a year of practicing, I tried again. I felt confident. Regardless of the outcome, I knew that I had worked hard. The next day, I found out that I was on the list. Seeing my name printed in large bold letters on the name list made me feel excited. My dream came true finally. I became a member of the school basketball team. From the experience, I realized that the greater efforts we made, the sweeter reward we would get and that success needed painstaking efforts and patience.

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