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喊你来学
定语从句
哪吒 在天上 骑着 胖胖的 猪
主语
谓语
宾语
Nezha rides a fat pig in the sky.
定语
状语
动作
发出者
动作
下定义
动作
承受者
动作发生的时间，地点和状态
Rreview：句子基本成分
定语从句那些事儿
一. 什么是定语从句
二. 定语从句相关概念
三. 定语从句之关系代词
四. 定语从句之关系副词
五. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
六. 定语从句在写作中的运用
七.课后练习-Practice makes perfect！
一.什么是定语从句
哪吒骑着胖胖的猪
主语
谓语
宾语
Nezha rides a fat pig.
定语从句
哪吒骑着 太乙真人送的 猪。
Nezha rides the pig that Taiyi gave.
句子
一.什么是定语？
定语：把名词“定住”，翻译为“的”
定语从句：句子作定语，把名词“定住”
结构：________＋________＋_______
先行词
关系词
从句
二.定语从句相关概念
修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
结构：先行词+引导词+从句
定语从句
先行词
引导词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。
引导词又称为关系词。
分关系代词和关系副词。
作用：
1. 引导定语从句；
2. 在从句中作一个成分；
3.代替先行词在从句中的位置。
Let's prAactice 请指出下面句子中的先行词,关系词以及从句。
1.He is a boy who likes beautiful girls.
2.This is a dog which likes eating meat.
3.I know the boy whom teachers all like.
a boy
a dog
the boy
2.The children that had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future.
如何划分定语从句的范围？
1.定语从句从关系词开始--到标点符号结束
2.定语从句从关系词开始--到第二个动词之前结束
1.He is the student who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
三.定语从句之关系代词
三.定语从句关系代词
关系代词
which
who
whom
whose
that
as
先行词 关系词在定语从句中的成分 关系词
人 主 that/who
人 宾 that/who/whom
物 主 that/which
物 宾 that/which
人/物 定 whose
判断关系词在定语从句中做什么成分
1.The man who/that came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2.The girl (whom/that/who) I met is Lucy.
3. He lives in the room whose door is green.
4.I like the book (which/that) you bought yesterday.
5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
6. I like the person to whom you just talked.
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
定语
宾语
用法辨析
1. I met a girl ____ I want to marry.
2.I like the room______ window faces north.
3.She was not on the train _____ arrived just now.
4.Is this the book _____ you are looking for
who
指人做宾语
whose
指物做定语
which
指物做主语
which
指物做宾语
关系词用that而不用which
1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时
Abby told me everything (that) she knew.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little (that) I can do for you.
Any man that has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
关系词用that而不用which
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
This is the very good magazine that I left on the playground.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
4. 当先行词被the very/only/same/last 修饰时：
关系词用that而不用which
6. 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时
Who is the man that is standing there
He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school.
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most
5. 当先行词既有人又有物时
7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时
只用which而不用that
1. 介词前置时，关系代词只能用which（that 不能用在介词后）
I attend such activities regularly, from which I benefit a lot.
Bruce doesn't listen to any advice, which makes his mother very annoyed.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时（that不能引导非限）
练习：that和which
1. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen.
2. This is the best book I’ve ever read.
3. The only thing matters is to find our way home.
4. We talked about the things and persons ______ we saw then.
5. She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.
6. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of
________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
that
that
that
that
which
which
关系词as
先行词被as，so，such，the same修饰，与as 连用
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，常译为“正如”
As everybody knows，Shakespare was a great English writer.
Tom is a brave boy，as is described in the report.
as引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：
as可引导非限制性定语从句，常译为“正如,正像”，
as you know/ as you see / as we planned/ as we expected
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
注意：as与which的区别
1. ____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
2. ___I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the
next meeting.
A．When B．After C．As D．Since
Practice makes perfect.
1. The earth is round,_________ is known to all.
2._____ is known to all, the earth is round.
______ is known to all that the earth is round.
4.This is such an interesting book _____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
This is such an interesting book ______we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ______we all like it.
which/as
As
It
as
as
that
that
Practice makes perfect.
1 He managed to achieve his goal in a way__________you thought was impossible.
2 The way _______________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
3 The way ___________he explained to us was quite simple.
4 What surprised me was not what he said but the way ________________he said it.
that/which
that/in which/ 省略
that/which
that/in which/ 省略
注意：way 作先行词后跟定语从句的情况
主语
状语
宾语
状语
way 作先行词且在从句中作状语时，关系词可填that/省略/in which
四.定语从句之关系副词
关系副词
关系副词在从句中做状语，不做主要成分。
关系副词=介词+关系代词。
指人用whom,指物用which
主要有以下几个词：
where (= prep. + which)
when (= prep. + which)
why (= for which)
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
where 地点 地点状语
when 时间 时间状语
why 原因 原因状语
1. I like the house my father bought for me.
which B. where C. who D. whose
2. I like the house my father lives.
A. which B. where C. who D. whose
3. I like the house is very beautiful.
that B. where C. who D. whose
4. I like the house garden is planted many flowers.
A. that B. where C. who D. whose
练习
A
B
A
B
Practice makes perfect.
5.I will never forget the day when I lived in the mountain.
6.I will never forget the mountain where I lived.
7.-Do you know the reason why he is disappear
-He went to live in the mountain.
on which
in which
for which
Practice makes perfect.
1. Mozart’s birthplace and the house _______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now.
A. where B. when C. there D. which
2. Some pre-school children go to a day-center, ______ they learn simple games and songs.
A. which B. that C. while D. where
3. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which C. why D. when
4.The reason ______ he told me is funny.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
Practice makes perfect.
考点：先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词
After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he dreamt coming back to for a long time.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
2. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
从句缺少主宾表 that / which
从句不缺主宾表when / where/ why
1. I think we have got to the point _____ we must insist on．
2. I think we have got to the point ______ a change is needed, or we would fail.
that
where
考点:先行词是case /situation /point/condition /position
等抽象地点名词
从句缺少主宾表 that / which
从句不缺主宾表where
1. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
2. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation_____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
Practice makes perfect.
3. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. that B. as C. / D. where
4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ______ happened in different regions.
A. that B. as C. / D. where
五.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句有以下几种结构：
1. 介词+whom/which
The woman general still can remember the day on which she joined the army.
2. 介词短语+whom/which
The man has a house, in front of which is the sea.
3. 不定代词或/数词 +whom/which
China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.
4. 名词 + of which
She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have written on my notebook.
介词的选用
1. 选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配
I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.
I will never forget the days during which I worked in the school.
I will never forget the year in which my son went to college.
I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, by which most people had had supper.
介词的选用
2. 选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯
Have you found the book for which I paid 29 dollars
Have you found the book on which I spent 29 dollars
Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot
Have you found the book about which she often talks
3. 选用介词时要注意句意
1. The farm _________ I once worked has taken on a new look.
2.Is this the house _____________ Shakespeare was born
3.In the dark street there wasn't a single person __________ she could turn for help.
4. The English play ________my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
5. He was educated at the local high school, ___________ he went to Beijing University.
in which
to whom
in which
on which
after which
Practice makes perfect.
6. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _____________ he could see what was going on inside the house.
7. Luckily, we’d brought a road map ____________ we would have lost our way.
8. This is the teacher ___________ we have learned a lot.
9. The gentleman _____________ you talked to me yesterday proved to be a thief.
10. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
from whom
about whom
through which
without which
whose
六.定语从句在写作中的运用
Most of us are very familiar with it.
句2：
It is a beautiful song.
句1：
两个句子
找出相同词，确定主从句
It is a beautiful song. Most of us are very familiar with it.
先行词
用词代替
It is a beautiful song (that/which) most of us are very familiar with .
定语从句在写作中的运用
①The new building that is being built is our new library.
②The new building that was built last year is our new library.
③The new building that will be built next year is our new library.
④We will study in the house facing south.
⑤The question discussed yesterday is very important.
定语从句与非谓语动词转换
which faces south
which was discussed
being built
built
to be built
Use Attributive Clauses to polish these sentences
The sports meeting was held on the playground.It lasted two days.
I expect the day. On that day you will come to China again.
3. Xi’an is a famous city .Its history is long and its people are warm hearted.
1.The sports meeting was held on the playground, which lasted two days.
2.I expect the day when/on which you will come to China again.
3.Xi’an is a famous city whose history is long ang whose people are warm hearted.
Use Attributive Clauses to translate these sentences
1.我仍然记得和你一起度过的那些天，那将永远是我生命的一部分。
I still remember the days I spent with you, which will always be a part of my life.
2. 我们将在星期天早上在人民公园见面，那里空气新鲜，风景美丽。
We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.
3.他朋友的耐心已经被消磨殆尽（wear thin），打电话来抱怨。
His friend, whose patience had run out of, phoned to complain.
Summary
七.Practice makes perfect！
高考链接
1. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang,_______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and count.(2022全国甲卷）
2. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species_______live within the Giant Panda Range(大熊猫栖息地).(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
3. The form of the fable still has values today, _____Rachel
Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”(2023全国甲卷）
who
that
as
高考链接
4.There was once a town in the heart of America ________
all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-exsitence with its surroundings.(2023全国甲卷)
5.I decided that if I learned of a company _________used
a lot plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
6. In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme(世界粮食计划署), one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
(2017江苏卷)
where
that/which
whose
1. 1) Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
2) Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
2. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
2) It was at eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
3. 1) It was in the hospital____ he came across a friend of his.
2) It was the hospital ____ he came across a friend of his.
4. 1) We should go to the place _____ we are most needed.
2) We should go to the place _____ needs us most.
5. 1) Mother didn't come back on December 25, _____was my birthday.
2) Mother didn't come back home on December 25, _____she was
busy working.
whom
them
when
that
that
where
where
that
which
when
易错对比练习
6.1) This is the room __________ he lived in his childhood.
2) This is the room ________ he lived in last year.
7. 1) The teacher didn’t know the reason _______ she was absent yesterday
2) The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ______ she explained yesterday
8.1) We must learn to act in ways _______ do not harm other living things.
2) I don’t like the way ________ he spoke to his mother.
3) This is the way _______ he thought of to solve the problem.
9.1) He is such a good teacher ______ we all like.
2) He is such a good teacher ______ we all like him.
3) He is a good teacher, _________ makes us respect him.
10. 1) Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.
2) I still remember the farm ________ my parents worked ten years ago.
where
which
why
that
that
that
that
as
that
which
where
where
11.1) _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
2) _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
3) _____ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting.
2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting.
13. 1) _________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
2) _________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
3) _________ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
14. 1)This is one of the most interesting films _________ shown last week.
2)This is the very one of the most interesting films ________ shown
last week.
As
It
What
that
what
Whoever
Anyone
Those
that were
that was
15.1) He still lives in the room ___________ window faces to the east.
2) He still lives in the room, the window ____ which faces to the east.
3) He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.
4) He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.
16. 1) Is this museum ________ they visited yesterday
2) Is this the museum _____ they visited yesterday
3) Is this museum ______ they stayed yesterday
4) Is this the museum ______ they stayed yesterday
5) Is the museum ______ you visited yesterday beautiful
6) It was the museum ______ you saw many treasures.
7) It was in the museum ______ you saw many treasures.
8) It was in the museum _______ you stayed in that you saw many treasures.
whose
of
that
where
the one
that
where
where
that
where
that
that
17. 1) ______ is known is that he has gone to college.
2) ______ is known that he has gone to college.
3) ______ is known, he has gone to college.
4) We all know _____ he has gone to college.
5) He has gone to college, ____ made us surprised.
6) He has gone to college and ______ made us surprised.
7) He has gone to college, ________ surprised us.
8) ______ surprised us most was ______ he has gone to college.
18. 1) He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he became a manager years later.
2) He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ was important for him.
3) He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he was already in his fifties.
4) It was in 1984 ______ he arrived in Beijing.
What
It
As
that
which
it
which
What
that
where
which
when
that
Thank you

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