资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科新人教版必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures重点词汇讲解及用法练习(一轮复习资料)一、 核心词汇精讲1. diversity讲解:名词,意为“多样性”,不可数。其形容词形式为 diverse(多种多样的),动词形式为 diversify(使多样化)。常见搭配:cultural/biological diversity(文化/生物多样性),a diversity of(各种各样的)。高考真题:(2024年模拟)The school encourages ______ in its student body to create a more inclusive environment.2. fault讲解:名词,意为“过错,缺点”,可数。常用搭配 find fault with(挑剔)。注意与 mistake 辨析:fault 多指对过错应负的责任或事物本身的缺陷;mistake 指行为或判断上的错误。例题:It's not my ______ that the train was late. I made a stupid ______ in the calculation.3. suit讲解:动词,意为“适合”,强调符合需要、条件、口味等。名词意为“套装”。需辨析:fit 多指尺寸、大小上的“合身”。例题:The 7:30 PM movie ______ us fine. Try this dress on to see if it ______ you.4. clothing讲解:名词,意为“衣服(总称)”,不可数。是集合名词。辨析:clothes(衣服,衣物,无单数形式),cloth(布,布料)。例题:Please put away your ______. The factory produces warm ______ for children.5. contain讲解:动词,意为“包含,容纳”,是及物动词,不用于进行时。强调“内有,装有”。辨析:include(包括),指整体中包含一部分。例题:This box ______ ancient coins. The package ______ a book and a CD, among other things.6. amount讲解:名词,意为“数量”,修饰不可数名词。短语 a large/small amount of 后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。辨析:number 修饰可数名词复数。例题:A large ______ of money ______ spent on the project.7. indeed讲解:副词,意为“的确,确实”,用于加强语气。常放在 be 动词后、实义动词前,或句首、句尾。例题:— It's a complicated problem. — Yes, ______.8. fade讲解:动词,意为“褪色;逐渐消失”。常见搭配:fade away(逐渐消失)。例题:The memory of that day will never ______ from my mind. The color of the curtain has ______ in the sun.9. heritage讲解:名词,意为“遗产,传统”,不可数。常见搭配:cultural heritage(文化遗产),world heritage site(世界遗产地)。例题:Protecting our cultural ______ is everyone's responsibility.10. evolve讲解:动词,意为“进化,演变”。常用搭配:evolve from... into...(从...进化成...)。名词为 evolution。例题:The simple plan ______ into a large-scale project. The theory of ______ is central to biology.11. construction (n.) 建造,建设;建筑物核心讲解:不可数名词。用法/考法:固定搭配:under construction(在建中)。动词为 construct(建造,= build)。例题:The new library is still ______ construction. It was ______ (construct) last year.12. contain (v.) 包含,含有核心讲解:及物动词,不用于进行时态。强调“内有、容纳”。用法/考法:区别于include(包括,表示整体中的一部分)。例题:This book ______ ten units, ______ a review unit. The bottle can ______ up to two liters of water.13. amount (n.) 数量核心讲解:修饰不可数名词。用法/考法:a large/huge/small amount of后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。number修饰可数名词复数。例题:A large ______ of money ______ (be) spent on the project. A number of students ______ (be) present.14. indeed (adv.) 的确,确实核心讲解:用于肯定或加强语气。用法/考法:常放在be动词后、实义动词前,或句首、句尾。例题:— It's a beautiful day. — Yes, ______.15. scream (v.) 尖叫核心讲解:指因恐惧、痛苦、兴奋等发出的大叫声。用法/考法:scream at sb.(对某人大喊大叫)。shout多指为使被听见而提高嗓音。例题:She ______ (scream) when she saw the spider. The coach ______ (shout) instructions from the sidelines.16. bow (v.) 鞠躬 (n.) 弓;蝴蝶结核心讲解:动词搭配:bow to sb./sth.(向...鞠躬/屈服)。用法/考法:注意发音:动词读作 /ba /,名词(弓,蝴蝶结)读作 /b /。例题:In Japan, people often ______ (bow) to each other as a greeting. The little girl has a pink ______ (bow) in her hair.17. heritage (n.) 遗产,传统核心讲解:不可数名词。常指“文化遗产”。用法/考法:常见搭配:cultural heritage(文化遗产),world heritage site(世界遗产地)。例题:It's our duty to protect our cultural ______ for future generations.18. evolve (v.) 进化,演变核心讲解:evolve from... into...(从...进化成...)。用法/考法:名词为 evolution(进化,演变)。例题:The simple plan ______ (evolve) into a large-scale project. The theory of ______ (evolve) was proposed by Darwin.19. evident (adj.) 明显的核心讲解:作表语或定语。用法/考法:名词形式 evidence(证据,不可数)。It is evident that...(很明显...)。例题:It was ______ (evident) that he was lying. The police found ______ (evident) linking him to the crime.20. decline (v./n.) 下降,拒绝核心讲解:作动词表示“拒绝”时,比 refuse 更正式、委婉。用法/考法:decline an invitation(婉拒邀请)。表示“下降”时,a decline in...(在...方面的下降)。例题:She ______ (decline) to comment on the issue. There has been a sharp ______ in sales.二、 核心语法精讲1. 现在分词(-ing)作定语、状语和宾补讲解:现在分词表主动或进行。可作定语(修饰名词)、状语(表原因、伴随等)和宾语补足语(在 see, hear, find 等动词后)。高考真题:(2024年新高考I卷语法填空) The man ______ (stand) by the window is our English teacher.2. 动词不定式(to do)作主语、宾语、表语和目的状语讲解:不定式可充当名词性成分(主、宾、表语)或表示目的。例题:______ (finish) the project on time is our goal. My job is ______ (teach) English.3. 主谓一致之“就远原则”讲解:当主语后有 with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词的单复数与这些短语前面的主语保持一致。例题:A woman with two children ______ (be) waiting at the bus stop.4. 情态动词表推测讲解:对现在情况的肯定推测用 must/may/might/could be;否定用 can't/couldn't be。对过去情况的推测则在情态动词后加 have done。例题:The ground is wet. It ______ (rain) last night.5. 定语从句关系词的选择讲解:关系代词(who, whom, which, that, whose)在从句中作主、宾、定语。关系副词(when, where, why)在从句中作状语。例题:I'll never forget the day ______ we first met. This is the house ______ I grew up.6. 代词it的用法(形式主语/形式宾语)讲解:it 可作形式主语或形式宾语,代替句尾的不定式、动名词或从句,保持句子平衡。例题:______ is important to learn a foreign language. I find ______ hard to get up early.7. 倒装句(部分倒装)核心讲解:否定词或半否定词(如 never, seldom, hardly, not only...but also... 等)置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词/be动词提前)。例题:Seldom ______ I see such a beautiful sunset. Not only ______ he speak English fluently, but he also knows French.8. 虚拟语气(wish 后的从句)核心讲解:wish 后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。用法/考法:对现在情况的虚拟用过去时(be动词用were);对过去情况的虚拟用过去完成时(had done)。例题:I wish I ______ (have) more time to travel. She wishes she ______ (be) taller.9. 代词it的用法(形式主语/形式宾语)核心讲解:it 可作形式主语或形式宾语,代替句尾的不定式、动名词或从句,使句子结构平衡。例题:I find ______ difficult to understand this theory. ______ is important that we should protect the environment.10. 动名词(V-ing)作主语和宾语核心讲解:动名词(动词-ing形式)具有名词性质,在句中可作主语或宾语。用法/考法:常作enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind等动词的宾语。例题:______ (get) up early is good for health. She enjoys ______ (read) novels.11 状语从句(时间、条件、原因等)核心讲解:在if引导的条件状语从句和when, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来,即“主将从现”。例题:If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home. I will call you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科新人教版必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures重点词汇讲解及用法练习(一轮复习资料)一、 核心词汇精讲1. diversity讲解:名词,意为“多样性”,不可数。其形容词形式为 diverse(多种多样的),动词形式为 diversify(使多样化)。常见搭配:cultural/biological diversity(文化/生物多样性),a diversity of(各种各样的)。高考真题:(2024年模拟)The school encourages ______ in its student body to create a more inclusive environment.解析:diversity。空格在动词encourages后作宾语,表示“多样性”概念,应用不可数名词 diversity。2. fault讲解:名词,意为“过错,缺点”,可数。常用搭配 find fault with(挑剔)。注意与 mistake 辨析:fault 多指对过错应负的责任或事物本身的缺陷;mistake 指行为或判断上的错误。例题:It's not my ______ that the train was late. I made a stupid ______ in the calculation.解析:fault; mistake。第一空指“不是我的过错(责任)”,用 fault。第二空指“计算中的错误”,用 mistake。3. suit讲解:动词,意为“适合”,强调符合需要、条件、口味等。名词意为“套装”。需辨析:fit 多指尺寸、大小上的“合身”。例题:The 7:30 PM movie ______ us fine. Try this dress on to see if it ______ you.解析:suits; fits。第一空指时间安排“适合”我们,用 suits。第二空指衣服尺寸“合身”,用 fits。4. clothing讲解:名词,意为“衣服(总称)”,不可数。是集合名词。辨析:clothes(衣服,衣物,无单数形式),cloth(布,布料)。例题:Please put away your ______. The factory produces warm ______ for children.解析:clothes; clothing。第一空指具体的一件件衣服,用 clothes。第二空指“童装”总称,用不可数名词 clothing。5. contain讲解:动词,意为“包含,容纳”,是及物动词,不用于进行时。强调“内有,装有”。辨析:include(包括),指整体中包含一部分。例题:This box ______ ancient coins. The package ______ a book and a CD, among other things.解析:contains; includes。第一空强调“装有”古钱币,用 contains。第二空指“包括”书和CD等,用 includes。6. amount讲解:名词,意为“数量”,修饰不可数名词。短语 a large/small amount of 后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。辨析:number 修饰可数名词复数。例题:A large ______ of money ______ spent on the project.解析:amount; was。money 为不可数名词,故用 amount 修饰;a large amount of 作主语,谓语动词用单数 was。7. indeed讲解:副词,意为“的确,确实”,用于加强语气。常放在 be 动词后、实义动词前,或句首、句尾。例题:— It's a complicated problem. — Yes, ______.解析:indeed。用于回答,表示赞同,“确实如此”。8. fade讲解:动词,意为“褪色;逐渐消失”。常见搭配:fade away(逐渐消失)。例题:The memory of that day will never ______ from my mind. The color of the curtain has ______ in the sun.解析:fade; faded。第一空描述将来不会“消失”,用动词原形。第二空描述已“褪色”的状态,用过去分词。9. heritage讲解:名词,意为“遗产,传统”,不可数。常见搭配:cultural heritage(文化遗产),world heritage site(世界遗产地)。例题:Protecting our cultural ______ is everyone's responsibility.解析:heritage。形容词 cultural 后接名词,此处指“文化遗产”,用不可数名词 heritage。10. evolve讲解:动词,意为“进化,演变”。常用搭配:evolve from... into...(从...进化成...)。名词为 evolution。例题:The simple plan ______ into a large-scale project. The theory of ______ is central to biology.解析:evolved; evolution。第一空作谓语,描述过去的演变,用过去式。第二空介词后接名词。11. construction (n.) 建造,建设;建筑物核心讲解:不可数名词。用法/考法:固定搭配:under construction(在建中)。动词为 construct(建造,= build)。例题:The new library is still ______ construction. It was ______ (construct) last year.答案与解析:under; constructed。第一空固定搭配under construction;第二空为被动语态,用过去分词constructed。12. contain (v.) 包含,含有核心讲解:及物动词,不用于进行时态。强调“内有、容纳”。用法/考法:区别于include(包括,表示整体中的一部分)。例题:This book ______ ten units, ______ a review unit. The bottle can ______ up to two liters of water.答案与解析:contains; including; contain。第一空用contains表示“包含有”;第二空用including作状语,表示“其中包括”;第三空表示“能容纳”,用contain。13. amount (n.) 数量核心讲解:修饰不可数名词。用法/考法:a large/huge/small amount of后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。number修饰可数名词复数。例题:A large ______ of money ______ (be) spent on the project. A number of students ______ (be) present.答案与解析:amount, was; were。money不可数,用amount,谓语动词用单数was;students可数复数,用a number of,谓语动词用复数were。14. indeed (adv.) 的确,确实核心讲解:用于肯定或加强语气。用法/考法:常放在be动词后、实义动词前,或句首、句尾。例题:— It's a beautiful day. — Yes, ______.答案与解析:indeed。用于回答,表示赞同,“确实如此”。15. scream (v.) 尖叫核心讲解:指因恐惧、痛苦、兴奋等发出的大叫声。用法/考法:scream at sb.(对某人大喊大叫)。shout多指为使被听见而提高嗓音。例题:She ______ (scream) when she saw the spider. The coach ______ (shout) instructions from the sidelines.答案与解析:screamed; shouted。第一空因恐惧“尖叫”,用screamed;第二空为传达指令而“喊叫”,用shouted。16. bow (v.) 鞠躬 (n.) 弓;蝴蝶结核心讲解:动词搭配:bow to sb./sth.(向...鞠躬/屈服)。用法/考法:注意发音:动词读作 /ba /,名词(弓,蝴蝶结)读作 /b /。例题:In Japan, people often ______ (bow) to each other as a greeting. The little girl has a pink ______ (bow) in her hair.答案与解析:bow; bow。第一空为动词“鞠躬”;第二空为名词“蝴蝶结”。17. heritage (n.) 遗产,传统核心讲解:不可数名词。常指“文化遗产”。用法/考法:常见搭配:cultural heritage(文化遗产),world heritage site(世界遗产地)。例题:It's our duty to protect our cultural ______ for future generations.答案与解析:heritage。形容词cultural后接名词,此处指“文化遗产”。18. evolve (v.) 进化,演变核心讲解:evolve from... into...(从...进化成...)。用法/考法:名词为 evolution(进化,演变)。例题:The simple plan ______ (evolve) into a large-scale project. The theory of ______ (evolve) was proposed by Darwin.答案与解析:evolved; evolution。第一空作谓语,描述过去的演变,用过去式;第二空介词后接名词。19. evident (adj.) 明显的核心讲解:作表语或定语。用法/考法:名词形式 evidence(证据,不可数)。It is evident that...(很明显...)。例题:It was ______ (evident) that he was lying. The police found ______ (evident) linking him to the crime.答案与解析:evident; evidence。第一空作表语,用形容词;第二空作宾语,用名词“证据”。20. decline (v./n.) 下降,拒绝核心讲解:作动词表示“拒绝”时,比 refuse 更正式、委婉。用法/考法:decline an invitation(婉拒邀请)。表示“下降”时,a decline in...(在...方面的下降)。例题:She ______ (decline) to comment on the issue. There has been a sharp ______ in sales.答案与解析:declined; decline。第一空作谓语动词,用过去式;第二空作主语,用名词。二、 核心语法精讲1. 现在分词(-ing)作定语、状语和宾补讲解:现在分词表主动或进行。可作定语(修饰名词)、状语(表原因、伴随等)和宾语补足语(在 see, hear, find 等动词后)。高考真题:(2024年新高考I卷语法填空) The man ______ (stand) by the window is our English teacher.解析:standing。空格部分修饰名词 the man,the man 与 stand 是主动关系,且表示正在进行,故用现在分词 standing 作后置定语。2. 动词不定式(to do)作主语、宾语、表语和目的状语讲解:不定式可充当名词性成分(主、宾、表语)或表示目的。例题:______ (finish) the project on time is our goal. My job is ______ (teach) English.解析:To finish; to teach。第一空作主语,用不定式。第二空作表语,说明 job 的内容,用不定式。3. 主谓一致之“就远原则”讲解:当主语后有 with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词的单复数与这些短语前面的主语保持一致。例题:A woman with two children ______ (be) waiting at the bus stop.解析:was。真正的主语是单数 A woman,with two children 是附加成分,故谓语动词用单数 was。4. 情态动词表推测讲解:对现在情况的肯定推测用 must/may/might/could be;否定用 can't/couldn't be。对过去情况的推测则在情态动词后加 have done。例题:The ground is wet. It ______ (rain) last night.解析:must have rained / may have rained。根据“地湿”对过去天气进行推测。肯定性强的推测用 must have rained,可能性一般的用 may have rained。5. 定语从句关系词的选择讲解:关系代词(who, whom, which, that, whose)在从句中作主、宾、定语。关系副词(when, where, why)在从句中作状语。例题:I'll never forget the day ______ we first met. This is the house ______ I grew up.解析:when; where。第一空定语从句缺时间状语,用 when。第二空定语从句缺地点状语,用 where。6. 代词it的用法(形式主语/形式宾语)讲解:it 可作形式主语或形式宾语,代替句尾的不定式、动名词或从句,保持句子平衡。例题:______ is important to learn a foreign language. I find ______ hard to get up early.解析:It; it。第一空 It 作形式主语,真主语是 to learn a foreign language。第二空 it 作形式宾语,真宾语是 to get up early。7. 倒装句(部分倒装)核心讲解:否定词或半否定词(如 never, seldom, hardly, not only...but also... 等)置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词/be动词提前)。例题:Seldom ______ I see such a beautiful sunset. Not only ______ he speak English fluently, but he also knows French.答案与解析:do; does。Seldom和Not only置于句首,主句需部分倒装。第一空主语为I,助动词用do;第二空主语为he,助动词用does。8. 虚拟语气(wish 后的从句)核心讲解:wish 后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。用法/考法:对现在情况的虚拟用过去时(be动词用were);对过去情况的虚拟用过去完成时(had done)。例题:I wish I ______ (have) more time to travel. She wishes she ______ (be) taller.答案与解析:had; were。第一空表示对现在情况的愿望(但实际没有时间),用过去时had;第二空表示对现在情况的愿望(但实际身高已定),be动词用were。9. 代词it的用法(形式主语/形式宾语)核心讲解:it 可作形式主语或形式宾语,代替句尾的不定式、动名词或从句,使句子结构平衡。例题:I find ______ difficult to understand this theory. ______ is important that we should protect the environment.答案与解析:it; It。第一空it作形式宾语,真宾语是to understand...;第二空It作形式主语,真主语是that从句。10. 动名词(V-ing)作主语和宾语核心讲解:动名词(动词-ing形式)具有名词性质,在句中可作主语或宾语。用法/考法:常作enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind等动词的宾语。例题:______ (get) up early is good for health. She enjoys ______ (read) novels.答案与解析:Getting; reading。第一空动名词短语Getting up early作主语;第二空作enjoys的宾语。11 状语从句(时间、条件、原因等)核心讲解:在if引导的条件状语从句和when, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来,即“主将从现”。例题:If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we will stay at home. I will call you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing.答案与解析:rains; arrive。两题均考查“主将从现”。主句是will stay和will call,从句用一般现在时表将来。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 新人教版必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures重点词汇讲解及用法练习(一轮复习资料)(原卷版).docx 新人教版必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures重点词汇讲解及用法练习(一轮复习资料)(解析版).docx