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新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Launching Your Career高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词（高频考点）
1. bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起；上下晃动 n. 弹性；弹跳；活力
搭配：bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去；bounce off 弹开；
bounce back 恢复活力
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：
The ball ________ off the wall and landed firmly in the player's hand.
2. accuse vt. 控告；控诉；谴责 【易错点：与charge的搭配差异】
搭配：accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告/指责某人(做)某事；
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事（易混搭配）
【高考真题链接】（2023·浙江卷）：
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
3. spy n. 密探；间谍 vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见；发现
搭配：spy on 监视；窥探；spy out 查明；发现
练习题：The detective ________ a man in black following the millionaire and immediately reported it to the police.
4. debt n. 债务；欠款 【高频考点：固定短语】
搭配：in debt 负债；out of debt 不欠债；pay off one’s debt 还清债务
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
After years of hard work, the entrepreneur finally paid off all his ________ and became out of ________.
5. fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.&vi. 油炸；油炒；油煎
搭配：fry up 把……煎热；deep fry 油炸；stir fry 翻炒
练习题：My mother usually ________ vegetables with garlic, which is more delicious than ________ them.
6. sew vi.&vt. 缝制；缝；做针线活 【易错点：不规则变化】
变化形式：过去式 sewed；过去分词 sewn/sewed；现在分词 sewing
练习题：She ________ the button on my coat yesterday, and the ________ work took her half an hour.
7. cage n. 笼子 vt. 关在笼子里
搭配：in a cage 在笼子里；cage up 关入笼中
练习题：It’s cruel to ________ the lovely bird ________, so we decided to set it free.
8. profile n. 简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt. 扼要介绍；概述；写简介
搭配：personal profile 个人简介；profile sb./sth. 概述某人/某物
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考II卷）：
The report ________ the key problems of the local education system and put forward solutions.
9. fox n. 狐狸；狡猾的人
搭配：a sly fox 狡猾的狐狸；play the fox 耍滑头
练习题：Don’t trust him—he’s as sly as a ________ and always cheats others.
10. desert n. 沙漠；荒漠 【易错点：词性辨析】
补充：vt. 抛弃；遗弃（读音/d z t/，与名词/d ez t/区分）
练习题：The ________ is a harsh environment, and no one would ________ their family to live there.
A. desert; desert B. dessert; desert C. desert; dessert D. dessert; dessert
11. handwriting n. 书法；书写；笔迹
搭配：good/bad handwriting 字迹好/差；
recognize one’s handwriting 认出某人的笔迹
练习题：The teacher praised the student for his neat and beautiful ________ in the exam paper.
12. certificate n. 合格证书；证明
搭配：graduation certificate 毕业证书；qualification certificate 资格证书
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国甲卷）：
You need to provide your health ________ and academic ________ to apply for the scholarship.
13. detective n. 侦探；警探
搭配：a private detective 私家侦探；detective story 侦探小说
练习题：The ________ spent three months investigating the case and finally caught the criminal.
14. estate n. 庄园；住宅区；工业区
搭配：real estate 房地产；industrial estate 工业区；housing estate 住宅区
练习题：The old ________ has been turned into a tourist attraction, attracting thousands of visitors every year.
15. wrist n. 手腕；腕关节
搭配：wrist watch 手表；twist one’s wrist 扭伤手腕
练习题：She wore a silver bracelet on her left ________, which matched her dress perfectly.
16. geometry n. 几何学；几何图形
搭配：analytic geometry 解析几何；geometric figure 几何图形
练习题：The student is good at ________ and can solve complex ________ problems easily.
17. code n. 代码；密码 vt. 编码；把……译成密码 【高频考点：一词多义】
搭配：code of conduct 行为准则；secret code 密码；code information 给信息编码
【高考真题链接】（2024·全国乙卷）：
The computer programmer spent two hours ________ the data into a special ________ for security.
18. graphic n. 图表；图形；图画 adj. 绘画的；图案的
搭配：graphic design 平面设计；statistical graphic 统计图表
练习题：The report includes several ________ showing the sales trend, and the ________ design is very clear.
19. purse n. 钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)
搭配：lose one’s purse 丢钱包；a leather purse 皮钱包
练习题：When she realized her ________ was missing, she immediately reported to the police station nearby.
20. canal n. 运河；灌溉渠
搭配：the Grand Canal 大运河；irrigation canal 灌溉渠
练习题：The ancient ________ was built to connect the two rivers and promote water transportation.
21. supervise vt.&vi. 主管；指导；监督 【高频考点：动词搭配】
搭配：supervise sb. doing sth. 监督某人做某事；supervise a project 主管一个项目
【高考真题链接】（2025·浙江卷）：The manager is responsible for supervising the staff ________ (complete) the task on time.
二、词汇拓展（词性转换·语境应用）
1. employ系列：employer n. 雇主；老板 → employ v. 雇用；应用 → employee n. 受雇者；雇员 → employment n. 就业；雇用 → employed adj. 有工作的 → unemployed adj. 失业的 → unemployment n. 失业
【高考真题链接】（2023·全国甲卷）：
The ________ decided to ________ more ________ to reduce the local ________ rate.
employer; employ; employees; unemployment
employee; employment; employers; unemployed
employ; employer; employees; unemployment
employer; employment; employ; unemployed
2. acquire系列：acquire vt. 获得；购得 → acquired adj. 后天习得的 → acquisition n. 获得；学识
练习题：It takes years to ________ a foreign language, and the ________ of such skills requires constant practice.
3. greedy系列：greedy adj. 贪婪的；渴望的 → greedily adv. 贪心地 → greed n. 贪婪
搭配：be greedy for sth. 渴望某物；be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：
The boy stared at the cake ________ (greedy), showing his ________ (greed) for sweet food.
4. dedicate系列：dedicate vt. 奉献 → dedication n. 献身；奉献 → dedicated adj. 专心致志的
搭配：dedicate oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事；a dedicated teacher 敬业的老师
练习题：The scientist ________ his life to medical research, and his ________ to the cause moved everyone.
5. participate系列：participant n. 参与者 → participate v. 参加 → participation n. 参加
搭配：participate in 参加；take part in 参加（同义短语）
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
All ________ are required to fill in a form before ________ in the activity, and their ________ will be recorded.
6. accountant系列：accountant n. 会计 → account n. 账户；描述；理由 v. 认为
搭配：open an account 开户；account for 解释；占（比例）；on account of 因为
练习题：The ________ checked the company’s ________ carefully and couldn’t account ________ the missing money.
7. wool系列：wool n. 毛；毛线 → woolen adj. 羊毛的
练习题：This sweater is made of pure ________, and the ________ texture makes it very warm.
8. priority系列：priority n. 优先事项 → prior adj. 先前的；优先的
搭配：take priority over 比……优先；prior to 在……之前
【高考真题链接】（2024·全国乙卷）：
Safety should take ________ over speed, and ________ to the project start, we must check all equipment.
9. finance系列：finance n. 资金；金融 vt. 提供资金 → financial adj. 财政的；金融的 【高频考点】
搭配：financial crisis 金融危机；financial support 财政支持；
finance a project 为项目提供资金
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国甲卷）：
The government decided to ________ the small businesses and provide ________ assistance to help them survive.
10. justice系列：justice n. 公平；公正 → just adj. 公正的 adv. 正好
搭配：do justice to 公平对待；just in time 及时；a just decision 公正的决定
练习题：We should fight for ________ and make sure everyone gets a ________ treatment.
11. receptionist系列：receptionist n. 接待员 → reception n. 接待；欢迎会 → receive v. 收到 → receipt n. 收据
练习题：The ________ at the hotel gave us a warm ________ when we arrived, and we asked for a ________ after paying the bill.
12. categorise系列：categorise vt. 分类 → category n. 类别
练习题：You need to ________ these books into different ________ according to their themes.
13. parking系列：parking n. 停车；停车位 → park v. 停车
搭配：no parking 禁止停车；parking lot 停车场
练习题：You can’t ________ your car here because there’s no ________ space available.
14. lawyer系列：lawyer n. 律师 → law n. 法律
练习题：The ________ advised his client to follow the ________ and avoid breaking any regulations.
15. socialist系列：socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 → socialism n. 社会主义 → social adj. 社会的 → society n. 社会
练习题：A ________ should contribute to building a harmonious ________, and ________ responsibility is an important part of it.
munist系列：communist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 → communism n. 共产主义
练习题：The ________ has firm belief in ________ and devotes himself to the cause.
三、重点短语（固定搭配·语境辨析）
1. bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去；（想法）在脑中反复出现
【高考真题链接】（2023·新高考II卷）：
The children ________ ________ in the yard, and several ideas ________ ________ in my mind while watching them.
2. head start 起步前的优势 【易错点：无冠词修饰】
搭配：have a head start 有起步优势；gain a head start 获得起步优势
练习题：Studying abroad can give you a ________ ________ in the global job market.
3. a chest of drawers 抽屉柜
练习题：I put my clothes and socks in ________ ________ ________ ________ in my bedroom.
4. come to a conclusion 得出结论 【同义短语：draw a conclusion】
【高考真题链接】（2024·浙江卷）：
After careful analysis of the data, the researchers finally ________ ________ ________ ________ about the experiment result.
5. attend to 关怀；照料；处理；专心于 【高频考点：多义辨析】
搭配：attend to sb. 照料某人；attend to sth. 处理某事；attend school 上学（无to）
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国乙卷）：
The nurse has to ________ the patients first and then ________ the paperwork left by the doctor.
attend to; attend to B. attend; attend C. attend to; attend D. attend; attend to
四、重点句型
1. 表语从句句型：This is because... 这是因为……（强调原因）
【高考真题链接】（2023·全国甲卷）：
You’d better take a raincoat with you when going out. This is ________ the weather forecast says it will rain this afternoon.
2. 现在分词作定语：名词 + doing sth. （表主动/进行）
原句：Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
练习题：The girl ________ (play) the piano in the next room is my best friend, and she has a lot of hobbies ________ (make) her life colorful.
3. 动名词作主语：Doing sth. + 谓语...
原句：Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like.
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：________ (master) a second language will open up more career opportunities for you in the future.
4. wish宾语从句的虚拟语气【核心语法·高频考点】
规则：与现在事实相反→从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反→从句用过去完成时；与将来事实相反→从句用“would/could + 动词原形”
原句：You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”
【高考真题链接】（2023·浙江卷）：
—I missed the important meeting yesterday. —I wish you ________ (tell) me about it earlier, and I wish I ________ (be) there with you then.
练习题：I wish I ________ (can speak) English fluently now, and I wish my parents ________ (not worry) about my studies so much in the future.
5. 现在完成时表持续：have/has been + 身份/职位 + for...
原句：I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
She ________ ________ ________ ________ the company’s marketing director for five years, so she has rich experience in this field.
五、语法点：长句分析
1. 长句分析方法
步骤1：找主干（主语+谓语+宾语），把握句子核心意思
步骤2：找修饰成分（定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、介词短语）
步骤3：分析从句功能（定语/状语/宾语等）及与主干的逻辑关系
步骤4：注意插入语、固定短语，拆分复杂结构
2. 真题长句解析（2023-2025年）
例1（2024·全国乙卷）：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
【翻译答案】：行为主义者认为，在充满能培养其恰当反应能力的刺激因素的环境中成长的孩子，会获得更高的智力发展。
【解析：】
拆分主干：主句 “Behaviorists suggest that-clause”（行为主义者认为……），that 引导的宾语从句主干为 “the child will experience greater intellectual development”（孩子会有更高的智力发展）；
梳理修饰链：who 引导定语从句修饰 “child”（在…… 环境中成长的孩子），where 引导定语从句修饰 “environment”（充满…… 刺激因素的环境），which 引导定语从句修饰 “stimuli”（能培养…… 能力的刺激因素）；
语序调整：中文习惯将定语前置，故把多层定语 “在充满能培养其恰当反应能力的刺激因素的环境中成长的” 置于 “孩子” 前，使句意连贯。
例2（2025·新高考I卷）：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.
【翻译】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家分析了“国家青少年健康纵向研究”的结果，该研究是一项历时15年的课题，记录了数千名20世纪90年代中期在美国上高中的青少年的发展情况。
【解析：】
拆分主干：“Economists analysed findings”（经济学家分析了研究结果）；
处理修饰成分：“from the University of Sussex”（萨塞克斯大学的）作定语修饰 “Economists”，“from the National...Health”（“国家青少年健康纵向研究” 的）作定语修饰 “findings”；
解析同位语与分词结构：“a 15-year research project” 是 “the National...Health” 的同位语，补充说明研究属性；“charting...teenagers”（记录…… 青少年的发展情况）是现在分词作定语修饰 “project”，who 引导定语从句限定 “teenagers”（20 世纪 90 年代中期在美国上高中的）；
语序优化：将同位语 “一项历时 15 年的课题” 独立成句，用 “该研究” 衔接，符合中文长句拆分习惯。
例3（2023·浙江卷）：Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【翻译】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自我成长有重大影响，因为这是衡量你能否尊重权威、遵守要求的标准。
【解析】
拆分主干：“Whether...or not has a huge effect on your self-growth”（是否…… 对你的自我成长有重大影响），“Whether” 引导的主语从句是核心；
处理状语与嵌套从句：as 引导原因状语从句 “因为这是…… 的标准”，其中 “how well you can respect...requirements”（你能否尊重权威、遵守要求）是宾语从句，作 “measure”（标准）的后置定语；
语义转换：“get along well with” 译为 “相处融洽” 更符合中文表达，“has a huge effect on” 译为 “有重大影响”，“measure” 结合语境译为 “标准”，使语义贴合日常逻辑。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Launching Your Career高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词（高频考点）
1. bounce vi.&vt. (使)弹起；上下晃动 n. 弹性；弹跳；活力
搭配：bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去；bounce off 弹开；
bounce back 恢复活力
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：
The ball ________ off the wall and landed firmly in the player's hand.
答案：bounced
解析：句意为“球从墙上弹开，稳稳落在球员手中”。结合语境可知动作已发生，用一般过去时，bounce的过去式为规则变化bounced。
2. accuse vt. 控告；控诉；谴责 【易错点：与charge的搭配差异】
搭配：accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告/指责某人(做)某事；
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事（易混搭配）
【高考真题链接】（2023·浙江卷）：
The witness insisted that he saw the man ________ the old lady of her purse in the street.
accuse B. charge C. rob D. suspect
答案：C
解析：本题干扰项为A、B。accuse/charge均表“控告”，而“抢劫某人某物”用rob sb. of sth.，符合“抢钱包”的语境；D“怀疑”语义不符。
3. spy n. 密探；间谍 vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见；发现
搭配：spy on 监视；窥探；spy out 查明；发现
练习题：The detective ________ a man in black following the millionaire and immediately reported it to the police.
答案：spied
解析：句意为“侦探突然发现一个穿黑衣服的人在跟踪百万富翁，立即向警方报告”。此处spy表“突然看见”，用一般过去时spied。
4. debt n. 债务；欠款 【高频考点：固定短语】
搭配：in debt 负债；out of debt 不欠债；pay off one’s debt 还清债务
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
After years of hard work, the entrepreneur finally paid off all his ________ and became out of ________.
答案：debts; debt
解析：第一空“债务”为可数名词，用复数debts；第二空“不欠债”为固定短语out of debt，debt用单数形式。
5. fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.&vi. 油炸；油炒；油煎
搭配：fry up 把……煎热；deep fry 油炸；stir fry 翻炒
练习题：My mother usually ________ vegetables with garlic, which is more delicious than ________ them.
答案：fries; frying
解析：第一空主语为第三人称单数，谓语用fries；第二空than为介词，后接动名词frying。
6. sew vi.&vt. 缝制；缝；做针线活 【易错点：不规则变化】
变化形式：过去式 sewed；过去分词 sewn/sewed；现在分词 sewing
练习题：She ________ the button on my coat yesterday, and the ________ work took her half an hour.
答案：sewed; sewing
解析：第一空“缝纽扣”用过去式sewed；第二空“缝纫工作”用动名词sewing作定语。
7. cage n. 笼子 vt. 关在笼子里
搭配：in a cage 在笼子里；cage up 关入笼中
练习题：It’s cruel to ________ the lovely bird ________, so we decided to set it free. 答案：cage; up
解析：句意为“把这只可爱的鸟关起来太残忍了，所以我们决定放了它”。cage up为固定短语，不定式符号to后接动词原形。
8. profile n. 简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt. 扼要介绍；概述；写简介
搭配：personal profile 个人简介；profile sb./sth. 概述某人/某物
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考II卷）：
The report ________ the key problems of the local education system and put forward solutions.
答案：profiled
解析：句意为“该报告概述了当地教育系统的核心问题并提出了解决方案”。结合“提出”用过去式put可知，profile用过去式profiled。
9. fox n. 狐狸；狡猾的人
搭配：a sly fox 狡猾的狐狸；play the fox 耍滑头
练习题：Don’t trust him—he’s as sly as a ________ and always cheats others.
答案：fox
解析：句意为“别信他，他像狐狸一样狡猾，总欺骗别人”。as...as中间用名词单数形式。
10. desert n. 沙漠；荒漠 【易错点：词性辨析】
补充：vt. 抛弃；遗弃（读音/d z t/，与名词/d ez t/区分）
练习题：The ________ is a harsh environment, and no one would ________ their family to live there.
A. desert; desert B. dessert; desert C. desert; dessert D. dessert; dessert
答案：A
解析：第一空“沙漠”用desert；第二空“抛弃”用动词desert；B、C、D中dessert意为“甜点”，语义不符。
11. handwriting n. 书法；书写；笔迹
搭配：good/bad handwriting 字迹好/差；
recognize one’s handwriting 认出某人的笔迹
练习题：The teacher praised the student for his neat and beautiful ________ in the exam paper.
答案：handwriting
解析：句意为“老师表扬了这个学生试卷上工整美观的字迹”。handwriting为不可数名词，用原形。
12. certificate n. 合格证书；证明
搭配：graduation certificate 毕业证书；qualification certificate 资格证书
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国甲卷）：
You need to provide your health ________ and academic ________ to apply for the scholarship.
答案：certificate; certificates
解析：第一空“健康证明”用单数certificate；第二空“学业证书”通常用复数certificates，表各类证书。
13. detective n. 侦探；警探
搭配：a private detective 私家侦探；detective story 侦探小说
练习题：The ________ spent three months investigating the case and finally caught the criminal.
答案：detective
解析：句意为“侦探花了三个月调查这个案子，最终抓到了罪犯”。由定冠词the修饰，用单数形式。
14. estate n. 庄园；住宅区；工业区
搭配：real estate 房地产；industrial estate 工业区；housing estate 住宅区
练习题：The old ________ has been turned into a tourist attraction, attracting thousands of visitors every year.
答案：estate
解析：句意为“这座古老的庄园已被改造成旅游景点，每年吸引数千名游客”。由定冠词the修饰，用单数形式。
15. wrist n. 手腕；腕关节
搭配：wrist watch 手表；twist one’s wrist 扭伤手腕
练习题：She wore a silver bracelet on her left ________, which matched her dress perfectly.
答案：wrist
解析：句意为“她左手腕上戴着一个银手镯，和她的裙子很配”。由left修饰，用单数形式。
16. geometry n. 几何学；几何图形
搭配：analytic geometry 解析几何；geometric figure 几何图形
练习题：The student is good at ________ and can solve complex ________ problems easily.
答案：geometry; geometric
解析：第一空“几何学”用名词geometry；第二空“几何的”用形容词geometric修饰problems。
17. code n. 代码；密码 vt. 编码；把……译成密码 【高频考点：一词多义】
搭配：code of conduct 行为准则；secret code 密码；code information 给信息编码
【高考真题链接】（2024·全国乙卷）：
The computer programmer spent two hours ________ the data into a special ________ for security.
答案：coding; code
解析：第一空“编码”用动名词coding，spend time doing sth.为固定结构；第二空“密码”用名词code，由a修饰用单数。
18. graphic n. 图表；图形；图画 adj. 绘画的；图案的
搭配：graphic design 平面设计；statistical graphic 统计图表
练习题：The report includes several ________ showing the sales trend, and the ________ design is very clear.
答案：graphics; graphic
解析：第一空“图表”为可数名词，用复数graphics；第二空“平面的”用形容词graphic修饰design。
19. purse n. 钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)
搭配：lose one’s purse 丢钱包；a leather purse 皮钱包
练习题：When she realized her ________ was missing, she immediately reported to the police station nearby.
答案：purse
解析：句意为“当她发现钱包不见了，立即向附近的派出所报案”。由her修饰，用单数形式。
20. canal n. 运河；灌溉渠
搭配：the Grand Canal 大运河；irrigation canal 灌溉渠
练习题：The ancient ________ was built to connect the two rivers and promote water transportation.
答案：canal
解析：句意为“这条古运河是为连接两条河流、促进水运而修建的”。由定冠词the修饰，用单数形式。
21. supervise vt.&vi. 主管；指导；监督 【高频考点：动词搭配】
搭配：supervise sb. doing sth. 监督某人做某事；supervise a project 主管一个项目
【高考真题链接】（2025·浙江卷）：The manager is responsible for supervising the staff ________ (complete) the task on time.
答案：completing
解析：句意为“经理负责监督员工按时完成任务”。supervise后接动名词作宾语补足语，用completing。
二、词汇拓展（词性转换·语境应用）
1. employ系列：employer n. 雇主；老板 → employ v. 雇用；应用 → employee n. 受雇者；雇员 → employment n. 就业；雇用 → employed adj. 有工作的 → unemployed adj. 失业的 → unemployment n. 失业
【高考真题链接】（2023·全国甲卷）：
The ________ decided to ________ more ________ to reduce the local ________ rate.
employer; employ; employees; unemployment
employee; employment; employers; unemployed
employ; employer; employees; unemployment
employer; employment; employ; unemployed
答案：A
解析：第一空“雇主”用employer；第二空“雇用”用动词employ；第三空“雇员”用employees；第四空“失业率”用unemployment，均为词性转换核心用法。
2. acquire系列：acquire vt. 获得；购得 → acquired adj. 后天习得的 → acquisition n. 获得；学识
练习题：It takes years to ________ a foreign language, and the ________ of such skills requires constant practice.
答案：acquire; acquisition
解析：第一空“获得（语言能力）”用动词acquire；第二空“获得”用名词acquisition，由the修饰。
3. greedy系列：greedy adj. 贪婪的；渴望的 → greedily adv. 贪心地 → greed n. 贪婪
搭配：be greedy for sth. 渴望某物；be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：
The boy stared at the cake ________ (greedy), showing his ________ (greed) for sweet food.
答案：greedily; greed
解析：第一空修饰动词stared，用副词greedily；第二空“贪婪”用名词greed，由his修饰。
4. dedicate系列：dedicate vt. 奉献 → dedication n. 献身；奉献 → dedicated adj. 专心致志的
搭配：dedicate oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事；a dedicated teacher 敬业的老师
练习题：The scientist ________ his life to medical research, and his ________ to the cause moved everyone.
答案：dedicated; dedication
解析：第一空“致力于”用过去式dedicated；第二空“奉献精神”用名词dedication，由his修饰。
5. participate系列：participant n. 参与者 → participate v. 参加 → participation n. 参加
搭配：participate in 参加；take part in 参加（同义短语）
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
All ________ are required to fill in a form before ________ in the activity, and their ________ will be recorded.
答案：participants; participating; participation
解析：第一空“参与者”用复数participants；第二空“参加”用动名词participating，before为介词；第三空“参与”用名词participation。
6. accountant系列：accountant n. 会计 → account n. 账户；描述；理由 v. 认为
搭配：open an account 开户；account for 解释；占（比例）；on account of 因为
练习题：The ________ checked the company’s ________ carefully and couldn’t account ________ the missing money.
答案：accountant; accounts; for
解析：第一空“会计”用accountant；第二空“账目”用复数accounts；第三空“解释”用account for固定短语。
7. wool系列：wool n. 毛；毛线 → woolen adj. 羊毛的
练习题：This sweater is made of pure ________, and the ________ texture makes it very warm.
答案：wool; woolen
解析：第一空“羊毛”用名词wool；第二空“羊毛的”用形容词woolen修饰texture。
8. priority系列：priority n. 优先事项 → prior adj. 先前的；优先的
搭配：take priority over 比……优先；prior to 在……之前
【高考真题链接】（2024·全国乙卷）：
Safety should take ________ over speed, and ________ to the project start, we must check all equipment.
答案：priority; prior
解析：第一空“优先”用priority，take priority over为固定短语；第二空“在……之前”用prior，prior to为固定搭配。
9. finance系列：finance n. 资金；金融 vt. 提供资金 → financial adj. 财政的；金融的 【高频考点】
搭配：financial crisis 金融危机；financial support 财政支持；
finance a project 为项目提供资金
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国甲卷）：
The government decided to ________ the small businesses and provide ________ assistance to help them survive.
答案：finance; financial
解析：第一空“为……提供资金”用动词finance；第二空“财政的”用形容词financial修饰assistance。
10. justice系列：justice n. 公平；公正 → just adj. 公正的 adv. 正好
搭配：do justice to 公平对待；just in time 及时；a just decision 公正的决定
练习题：We should fight for ________ and make sure everyone gets a ________ treatment.
答案：justice; just
解析：第一空“公平”用名词justice；第二空“公正的”用形容词just修饰treatment。
11. receptionist系列：receptionist n. 接待员 → reception n. 接待；欢迎会 → receive v. 收到 → receipt n. 收据
练习题：The ________ at the hotel gave us a warm ________ when we arrived, and we asked for a ________ after paying the bill.
答案：receptionist; reception; receipt
解析：第一空“接待员”用receptionist；第二空“接待”用reception；第三空“收据”用receipt。
12. categorise系列：categorise vt. 分类 → category n. 类别
练习题：You need to ________ these books into different ________ according to their themes.
答案：categorise; categories
解析：第一空“分类”用动词categorise；第二空“类别”用复数categories，different修饰可数名词复数。
13. parking系列：parking n. 停车；停车位 → park v. 停车
搭配：no parking 禁止停车；parking lot 停车场
练习题：You can’t ________ your car here because there’s no ________ space available.
答案：park; parking
解析：第一空“停车”用动词park；第二空“停车的”用形容词parking修饰space。
14. lawyer系列：lawyer n. 律师 → law n. 法律
练习题：The ________ advised his client to follow the ________ and avoid breaking any regulations.
答案：lawyer; law
解析：第一空“律师”用lawyer；第二空“法律”用名词law，follow the law为固定搭配。
15. socialist系列：socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 → socialism n. 社会主义 → social adj. 社会的 → society n. 社会
练习题：A ________ should contribute to building a harmonious ________, and ________ responsibility is an important part of it.
答案：socialist; society; social
解析：第一空“社会主义者”用socialist；第二空“社会”用society；第三空“社会的”用形容词social修饰responsibility。
munist系列：communist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者 → communism n. 共产主义
练习题：The ________ has firm belief in ________ and devotes himself to the cause. 答案：communist; communism
解析：第一空“共产主义者”用communist；第二空“共产主义”用名词communism，由in修饰。
三、重点短语（固定搭配·语境辨析）
1. bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去；（想法）在脑中反复出现
【高考真题链接】（2023·新高考II卷）：
The children ________ ________ in the yard, and several ideas ________ ________ in my mind while watching them.
答案：bounced around; bounced around
解析：前半句“孩子们在院子里蹦蹦跳跳”用bounced around；后半句“想法在脑中反复出现”也用bounced around，结合语境用一般过去时。
2. head start 起步前的优势 【易错点：无冠词修饰】
搭配：have a head start 有起步优势；gain a head start 获得起步优势
练习题：Studying abroad can give you a ________ ________ in the global job market.
答案：head start
解析：句意为“出国留学能让你在全球就业市场中获得起步优势”。head start为固定短语，前用a修饰。
3. a chest of drawers 抽屉柜
练习题：I put my clothes and socks in ________ ________ ________ ________ in my bedroom.
答案：a chest of drawers
解析：句意为“我把衣服和袜子放在卧室的抽屉柜里”。固定短语直接搭配，无需变形式。
4. come to a conclusion 得出结论 【同义短语：draw a conclusion】
【高考真题链接】（2024·浙江卷）：
After careful analysis of the data, the researchers finally ________ ________ ________ ________ about the experiment result.
答案：came to a conclusion
解析：句意为“经过对数据的仔细分析，研究人员最终得出了关于实验结果的结论”。结合语境用一般过去时came to a conclusion。
5. attend to 关怀；照料；处理；专心于 【高频考点：多义辨析】
搭配：attend to sb. 照料某人；attend to sth. 处理某事；attend school 上学（无to）
【高考真题链接】（2025·全国乙卷）：
The nurse has to ________ the patients first and then ________ the paperwork left by the doctor.
attend to; attend to B. attend; attend C. attend to; attend D. attend; attend to 答案：A
解析：第一空“照料病人”用attend to；第二空“处理文书工作”也用attend to；attend作“上学/参加”讲时无to，此处语义不符。
四、重点句型
1. 表语从句句型：This is because... 这是因为……（强调原因）
【高考真题链接】（2023·全国甲卷）：
You’d better take a raincoat with you when going out. This is ________ the weather forecast says it will rain this afternoon.
答案：because
解析：句意为“出门时最好带件雨衣，这是因为天气预报说今天下午会下雨”。This is because后接原因从句，用because引导。
2. 现在分词作定语：名词 + doing sth. （表主动/进行）
原句：Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
练习题：The girl ________ (play) the piano in the next room is my best friend, and she has a lot of hobbies ________ (make) her life colorful.
答案：playing; making
解析：第一空“弹钢琴的女孩”用现在分词playing作定语，表主动；第二空“让生活丰富的爱好”用making作定语，表主动。
3. 动名词作主语：Doing sth. + 谓语...
原句：Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like.
【高考真题链接】（2024·新高考I卷）：________ (master) a second language will open up more career opportunities for you in the future.
答案：Mastering
解析：句意为“掌握第二语言会为你未来打开更多职业机会”。动名词Mastering作主语，谓语用单数形式will open。
4. wish宾语从句的虚拟语气【核心语法·高频考点】
规则：与现在事实相反→从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反→从句用过去完成时；与将来事实相反→从句用“would/could + 动词原形”
原句：You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”
【高考真题链接】（2023·浙江卷）：
—I missed the important meeting yesterday. —I wish you ________ (tell) me about it earlier, and I wish I ________ (be) there with you then.
答案：had told; had been
解析：第一空“希望你早点告诉我”与过去事实相反，用had told；第二空“希望当时在那里”也与过去事实相反，用had been。
练习题：I wish I ________ (can speak) English fluently now, and I wish my parents ________ (not worry) about my studies so much in the future.
答案：could speak; wouldn’t worry
解析：第一空“现在能说流利英语”与现在事实相反，用could speak；第二空“将来不担心”与将来事实相反，用wouldn’t worry。
5. 现在完成时表持续：have/has been + 身份/职位 + for...
原句：I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.
【高考真题链接】（2025·江苏卷）：
She ________ ________ ________ ________ the company’s marketing director for five years, so she has rich experience in this field.
答案：has been the
解析：句意为“她担任公司市场总监已有五年，因此在该领域有丰富经验”。现在完成时has been + 职位，职位前加the表特指。
五、语法点：长句分析
1. 长句分析方法
步骤1：找主干（主语+谓语+宾语），把握句子核心意思
步骤2：找修饰成分（定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、介词短语）
步骤3：分析从句功能（定语/状语/宾语等）及与主干的逻辑关系
步骤4：注意插入语、固定短语，拆分复杂结构
2. 真题长句解析（2023-2025年）
例1（2024·全国乙卷）：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
【翻译答案】：行为主义者认为，在充满能培养其恰当反应能力的刺激因素的环境中成长的孩子，会获得更高的智力发展。
【解析：】
拆分主干：主句 “Behaviorists suggest that-clause”（行为主义者认为……），that 引导的宾语从句主干为 “the child will experience greater intellectual development”（孩子会有更高的智力发展）；
梳理修饰链：who 引导定语从句修饰 “child”（在…… 环境中成长的孩子），where 引导定语从句修饰 “environment”（充满…… 刺激因素的环境），which 引导定语从句修饰 “stimuli”（能培养…… 能力的刺激因素）；
语序调整：中文习惯将定语前置，故把多层定语 “在充满能培养其恰当反应能力的刺激因素的环境中成长的” 置于 “孩子” 前，使句意连贯。
例2（2025·新高考I卷）：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.
【翻译】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家分析了“国家青少年健康纵向研究”的结果，该研究是一项历时15年的课题，记录了数千名20世纪90年代中期在美国上高中的青少年的发展情况。
【解析：】
拆分主干：“Economists analysed findings”（经济学家分析了研究结果）；
处理修饰成分：“from the University of Sussex”（萨塞克斯大学的）作定语修饰 “Economists”，“from the National...Health”（“国家青少年健康纵向研究” 的）作定语修饰 “findings”；
解析同位语与分词结构：“a 15-year research project” 是 “the National...Health” 的同位语，补充说明研究属性；“charting...teenagers”（记录…… 青少年的发展情况）是现在分词作定语修饰 “project”，who 引导定语从句限定 “teenagers”（20 世纪 90 年代中期在美国上高中的）；
语序优化：将同位语 “一项历时 15 年的课题” 独立成句，用 “该研究” 衔接，符合中文长句拆分习惯。
例3（2023·浙江卷）：Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【翻译】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自我成长有重大影响，因为这是衡量你能否尊重权威、遵守要求的标准。
【解析】
拆分主干：“Whether...or not has a huge effect on your self-growth”（是否…… 对你的自我成长有重大影响），“Whether” 引导的主语从句是核心；
处理状语与嵌套从句：as 引导原因状语从句 “因为这是…… 的标准”，其中 “how well you can respect...requirements”（你能否尊重权威、遵守要求）是宾语从句，作 “measure”（标准）的后置定语；
语义转换：“get along well with” 译为 “相处融洽” 更符合中文表达，“has a huge effect on” 译为 “有重大影响”，“measure” 结合语境译为 “标准”，使语义贴合日常逻辑。

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