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必修一 Unit 4 词汇讲解
1. disaster / d zɑ:st (r) / n.灾难；灾害； 不幸，祸患
★ 同义词： catastrophe / k t str fi/
★ disastrous adj. 灾难性的
Eg: an air disaster 空难 eg: environmental disasters 环境灾难 eg: a natural disaster 自然灾害
Eg: Losing your job doesn't have to be such a disaster.
eg: Their first date was a _____________ (disaster) failure.
2. tornado /t : ne d / n.(pl. -oes or-os) 龙卷风；旋风
Eg： He rushed in like a tornado.
3. drought / dra t / n.旱灾；久旱
Eg: one of the worst droughts on record.
★_____________ adj. 干的，干燥的
4. landslide / l ndsla d / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡; 一方占绝对优势的选举
Eg: a landslide victory Eg: The storm caused landslides and flooding in the area.
5. slide / sla d / vi. & vt. (pt. slid , pp. slid) (使 ）滑行；滑动; 快捷而悄声地移动; n. 滑梯； 幻灯片
Eg:She slide down the grassy slope. eg： He slid into bed.
Eg: She slid out while no one was looking. eg：It is fun to slide on the ice.
6. tsunami / tsu: nɑ:mi / 海啸
eg: A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake.
7. flood / fl d / n. 洪水；大量
Eg: The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.
★ a flood of .... 大量的 Eg: a flood of complaints （抱怨）
★ vi.淹没；大量涌入； vt 使灌满水；淹没
→ flood in/into.... 大量涌入 ； flood out of... 蜂拥而出； be flooded with 被...所淹没
eg： Large numbers of refugees（避难者） flooded into the area.
Eg: The kitchen floods when it rains heavily.
Eg: The river flooded the valley.
eg: After the storm, the streets were flooded with water. 字面意思： 街道被水淹没
eg: The top university was flooded with applications. 引申意思： 表示数量极多，像洪水一样涌来。
8. volcanic eruption /v l k n k r p n/ 火山喷发
★ volcano n. 火山 → volcanic adj. 火山的 ★ erupt v. 喷发，爆发 → eruption n. 喷发，爆发
9. magnitude / m gn tju:d / n. (地）震级；重大
Eg:We didn't realize the magnitude of the problem.
Eg: the magnitude of the earthquake
10. rescue / reskju: / n.& vt. 营救；救援
★ come/go to sb's rescue 来/去救援某人 ★ rescue team/workers 救援人员
Eg: When we were in danger, they came to our rescue.
★ rescue ....from.... 把....从...中救援出来
Eg:__________________________________________________________________. 昨天这名勇敢的消防员从燃烧的房子
中救出了三个孩子。
11.damage / d m d / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 〔U〕; (法院判定的）赔偿金 （pl.）
Eg: The bridge was badly damaged by the flood. Eg: Smoking seriously damages your health.
★ do/cause damage to.... 对....造成损害/破坏 Eg: The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
12.destroy/d 'str / vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
Eg： The big fire destroyed the whole building.
区别： destroy 表示 破坏，毁灭， 使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复。 该词只有动词的词性。
damage 表示 损害，损坏， 主要指对价值和功能的破坏， 多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。
★ destruction n.破坏，摧毁，毁灭
13.evacuate / v kjue t / vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
Eg: Residents have been evacuated from the dangerous area. 居民已撤离该危险地区。
Eg: Locals were told to evacuate. 当地居民已被通知撤离。
★ evacuation n. 疏散，撤离 He is responsible for the_________________( evacuate) of people.
14. helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
15. death / de / n. 死；死亡
★ die v. 死亡，失去生命 ★ dead adj. 失去生命的 ★ dying adj. 奄奄一息的 ;濒死的
16. affect / 'fekt/ vt. 影响； （疾病）侵袭 ； (感情上）深深打动
Eg: My weight problem began to affect me seriously.
Eg： He was deeply affected by my words.
Eg: The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.
★ affection n. 喜爱，钟爱 She has a deep affection for her grandparents.
区别： effect n. 效应，影响，结果 → have an effect on ......对...有影响
eg: The medicine has a positive effect on his health.
17．shelter/' elt / n.居所,住处〔U〕；庇护 〔U〕; 避难所〔C〕
Eg: Human beings need food, clothing and shelter.
Eg: a night shelter for the homeless
→ take shelter from the rain 避雨
→ under the shelter of .... 在... 的庇护下，受...的保护
★ vt.庇护；(使）掩蔽 eg: The darkness of the night sheltered their activity.
★ vi. 躲避 （风、雨或危险）→ shelter from 保护...免受....
Eg: Trees shelter the house from the wind. Eg; We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.
18. crack /kr k/ n. 裂纹 ；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
Eg: The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. Eg: The cup has a crack in it.
19. gas /g s/ n. 气体；燃气；汽油 (=petrol)
eg: Air is a mixture of gases. a gas cooker a gas station
20. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
As if 引导的从句动作，若说话人认为不可能发生或发生或存在的可能性很小时，用虚拟语气
Eg： He loves me well as if I were his daughter. (方式状语从句）
Eg: It seems as if our team is going to win. (look ,seem 后引导表语从句）
Eg:He acts as if (he were) a fool. (as if 引导的从句是 主语+系动词 结构时，可省 主语+系动词）
Eg: She left the room hurriedly as if (she were) angry.
21. ruin /'ru: n/ vt. 破坏；毁坏； n. 破坏，毁灭[U]； 废墟，残垣断壁（pl.）
★ ruin one's future/ health/ oneself 毁了一个人的未来/健康/ 自己
Eg:The bad weather ruined our trip. Eg: My new shoes got ruined in the mud（泥巴）.
★ in ruins 成为废墟， 严重受损；破败不堪 eg: Years of fighting left the area in ruins.
22. percent / p sent / n. 百分之 ....
用法：具体数字＋ percent(的单数形式） ，相当于"％" 符号。 如： 50 percent of the students
★ 区别： percentage n. 百分比 (指百分比这个概念，表示一个不具体的比例，不与具体数字连用； 常和笼统概
念 large, high,low, what, a , the 连用） 如： Large percentage of the population lives in cities.
What percentage of students passed the exam
22. brick /br k/ n. 砖 ；砖块
23. metal /'metl/ n. 金属 区别：medal n. 奖牌
24. shock / k/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克; vt (使 ）震惊
★ sb be shocked to do ＝ It shocked sb to do
eg: I was shocked to hear the news. ＝______________________________________________.
★ in shock 震惊，吃惊 They were still in shock after the accident.
25. electricity / lek tr s ti / n.电；电能
★ electric adj. 用电的，电动的 ★ electrical adj. 与电相关的；电气科学的 ★ electronic adj. 电子的
26. trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套; n. 险境；陷阱 (pt. trapped, pp. trapped)
Eg: The train was trapped underground by a fire. Eg： Help! I am trapped.
★ be trapped in 被困在....中； 陷入....中
Eg: When travelling, we were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
★ trap sb into doing sth 陷害/诱骗某人做某事
Eg: By clever questioning, they trapped him into telling the truth.
类似短语： trick/cheat/ fool/ persuade/frighten/talk/force/bully sb into doing sth
★ set a trap to do sth 设圈套做某事; lay/set a trap for.....为...设下圈套;
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
27. bury / beri / vt. 埋葬；安葬 ★ burial n. 埋葬，葬礼
Eg: He has learned to bury his feelings.
★ be buried in ＝ bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于 (＝devote oneself to)
Eg： Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.
28. breathe / bri: / vi.& vt.呼吸
★ breath n. 呼吸 ★ breathless adj. 气喘吁吁；喘不过气来
★ breathe in 呼入 breathe out 呼出
29. revive / r va v / vt.& vi 复活；（使 ）苏醒
eg: The economy is beginning to revive. Eg: an attempt to revive the economy
30. revival / r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏 eg: an economic revival
31. effort /'ef t / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
★ make an effort/efforts 做出努力 ★ make every effort to do 尽全力做某事
★with (an) effort 费力地； ★without effort 毫不费力地；
★put effort into sth 为....投入精力/努力 ； ★ spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
32. unify / ju:n fa / vi.& vt. 统一；（使 ）成一体 ★ unification n. 统一 ★ unified n. 统一的
Eg: The new leader hopes to unify the country.
33. wisdom / w zd m / n. 智慧；才智[U] ★ wise adj. 明智的
eg: a woman of great wisdom = a very wise woman
34. context/ k ntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景，环境
Eg: You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.
35. suffer / s f (r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受; vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
Eg： I hate to see her suffering.
★ suffer from 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等） from 后面的宾语表示原因 (疾病或长期困扰的问题)
Eg: suffer from a bad cold / a headache/ the loss of memory/ poverty / loneliness
★ vt. 遭受，蒙受（其后常失败/损失/损害/痛苦）
suffer a defeat/ a loss/ punishment 遭受失败，损失，惩罚 Suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦，困苦
★ sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者 suffering n. [U] 疼痛，折磨； [pl.]痛苦，苦恼
36. volcano / v l ke n / n. 火山 （pl. +s/+es)
★ volcanic adj. 火山的
37. erupt / r pt / vi.& vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 ★ eruption n. 爆发
eg: An active volcano may erupt at any time.
38. supply / s pla / n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品，供应品； vt. 供应；供给
eg: Our supplies were running out. eg: Food and medical supplies Eg: Food supplies the energy for movement.
★ in short supply 供应不足 eg: These goods are in short supply.
★ supply sb with sth / supply sth to sb 给某人供应某物
Eg: Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms. 一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。
39. typhoon / ta fu:n / n.台风 〔C〕 eg: It has been the strongest typhoon since 2005.
40. in the open air 露天；在户外 eg: They slept and worked in the open air.
41. hurricane / h r k n / n. ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
Eg：A hurricane is an extremely violent storm that begins over ocean water. (尤指大西洋的）
42. survive / s va v/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过;
Eg: She was the only person to survive the accident.
★ vi.生存；存活 survive on sth ＝live on sth 靠某物存活
Eg: These plants can not survive in very cold conditions.
Eg: I do not know how you manage to survive on your small salary.
★ survive sb by +时间 比...活（或存在）的时间长
Eg: She survived her husband by twenty years. 她比她的丈夫多活了二十年。
★ survival n.[U] 幸存，生存 ★ survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
归纳： 动词去掉 e 加上 al ,变成的名词的有： remove--removal; refuse--refusal; arrive--arrival
Approve--approval; propose--proposal ； revive---revival
43. power / pa (r) / n.电力供应；力量；控制力
★ powerful adj. 有权利的，有影响力的；强有力的；强壮的 ★ powerless adj. 没有影响力的；无能为力的
★ be in power 当政 ★ come into power 上台，开始执政 ★ out of power 失去权力/电力
★within one's power 在某人的能力范围之内 ★ beyond one's power 在某人的能力范围之外
44. tap / t p/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍; n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
Eg: Someone tapped at the door.
Eg: He tapped me on the shoulder.
Eg: bath taps ; the hot/cold tap; turn on the tap
45. pipe/ pa p/ n. 管子；管道
46. whistle / w sl / vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声; vt. 吹口哨; n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
Eg: The referee finally blew the whistle to stop the game.
47. emergency/ i m :d nsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况
Eg: The door should only be used in an emergency. Eg: The government had to take emergency action.(采取紧急行动）
Eg: the emergency exit/room/stop 紧急出口/急诊室/紧急停止
Eg: I always have some extra emergency cash with me for emergencies. (应急现金）
48. calm / kɑ:m / adj. 镇静的；沉着的; vt. 使平静；使镇静
★ keep calm eg: It is very important to keep calm in an emergency.
★ calm down/ calm sb down 镇定/ 使某人镇定下来
Eg: We waited until things calmed down. Eg: He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
★ calmness n. 冷静，镇静，平静，安宁 eg:We admired his calmness under pressure.
48. aid / e d / n. 援助；帮助；救援物资; vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
★ first aid (kit) 急救(箱) ★ come to one's aid 来帮助某人
★in aid of ...为了帮助... ★ with the aid of...在...的帮助下
Eg: I could not speak French but a kind man came to my aid.
Eg: I collect money in aid of starving children.
★ aid sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 ★ aid sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人
49. kit / k t / n. 成套工具；成套设备 ★ first aid (kit) 急救(箱)
50.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
Eg: With so much work on hand, you should not have gone to see the game last night.
Eg: Do you have any cash on hand
51. crash / kr / vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击; n. 撞车；碰撞
Eg: A girl was killed yesterday in a car crash. eg: In the darkness, the car crashed into a tree.
52.sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( pt./pp. swept; swept) 打扫；清扫
★ sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
56. wave / we v / n.海浪；波浪; vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
★ wave sb goodbye / wave goodbye to sb
57. strike / stra k / vi.& vt. (pt. struck, pp. struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打; n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
Eg: The ship struck a rock. Eg: She struck him on the face. Eg: He struck the table with his fist.
★ on strike 罢工 eg: Half the workers are now out on strike.
★ It strikes/ struck sb that 从句 某人突然/ 猛的想到/ 意识到...
eg: It struck me that I forgot to finish my homework.
58. deliver/ d l v (r) /vt. & vi. 递送；传达; vt. 发表
Eg: Leaflets have been delivered to every household. Eg: deliver a lecture
★ delivery n. 传递，递送，交付 delivery driver/ person 快递员
59. summary / s m ri / n. 总结；概括；概要
Eg: a news summary 新闻综述
★ in summary 总的来说 In summary, it is a very good article.
★ summarize v. 总结，概括 (= give a summary of sth)
60. effect / fekt / n. 影响；结果；效果
Eg: We warned him, but to no effect.
★ have an effect on ......对...有影响 eg: The medicine has a positive effect on his health.
★ put ...into effect 把...付诸 实施 eg: The government will put the new policy into effect next month.
★ come into effect /take effect 生效 eg: The new policy will come into effect/take effect next month.
v. 使发生，实现，引起 eg; The book effected a change in my opinion.
★ effective adj. 有效的； 产生预期效果的 eg: We need to find an effective solution to the problem.
61. length/ le θ/ n.长；长度 ★ long adj. 长的
★ in length 在长度上 eg: The river is 5,000 meters in length.
★ at length 最后,，终于；详尽地 eg: After getting lost for hours, we at length found the right path.
eg: We discussed the issue at length.
重点短语 根据汉意 自测 ↓ ↓ ↓
1. natural disaster 自然灾害
2. too nervous to eat 太紧张了吃不下
3. as usual 像往常一样
4. as if 好像，仿佛
5. in ruins 呈一片废墟
6. in shock 震惊，吃惊
7. do/cause damage to 对...造成损失
8. cut across 横穿；抄近道
9. nothing but 只有
10. tireless effort 不懈的努力
11. come to an end 结束
12. suffer from 遭受
13. dig out 挖出
14. in times of 在...的时刻
15. be flooded with 被...淹没
16. be buried in 被埋于...中； 埋头于...
17. spare no effort (to do) 不遗余力（做某事）
18. shelter from 保护/躲避...不受打击
e to one's rescue 来帮助某人摆脱困境
20.get back up on one's feet 重新振作起来
21in the open air 在户外；露天
22..first aid kit 急救箱
23.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）
24.go/.be on strike 罢工
25.have an effect on... 对...产生影响
26. sweep away 消灭，彻底消除
27.at length 最后，终于； 详尽地
27. in summary 总而言之
28.crash into 撞入
29.carry out 实施，执行
30.out of gratitude 出于感谢
31. in all directions 四面八方
32.go through 经历

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