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2025新人教版八年级英语上册Unit 8单词讲解
A部分
1.Communication (名词) 表达、交流
【用法讲解】 communication为不可数名词，但在指特定的交流形式或信息内容时为可数名词，其复数形式为communications，communications也可译为“通信”。
Eg: Effective communication is essential in a team environment.
有效的沟通在团队环境中是至关重要的。
All communications must be documented for legal purposes.
所有往来信息需记录备案。
Our first task is to set up a communications system.
我们的首项任务是架设通信系统。
【常见搭配】 communication skills 沟通技巧
In communication 在交流中、保持联系
Through communication 通过交流/沟通
Eg: Strong communication skills are essential for leadership roles.
领导岗位需具备优秀的沟通技巧。
They remained in constant communication throughout the project.
在整个项目过程中，他们一直保持联系。
Misunderstanding can often be resolved through communication.
误解通常可以通过交流来解决。
【派生词】 communicate为动词，译为“交流”；。
Communicative为形容词，译为“健谈的、善于表达的”；
communicator为名词，译为“传播者、通讯设备”。
Eg: It’s important to communicate your ideas clearly in a meeting.
在会议上清楚地传达你的想法很重要。
She is very communicative person and loves to chat with others.
她是个很健谈的人，喜欢和别人聊天。
A good teacher is an effective communicator who can convey knowledge clearly.
一位好老师是一个有效的传播者，能够清晰地传授知识。
【即学即用】
1. Effective listening skills are essential for improving ____________ (communicate).
答案： communication
2.Face to face 面对面
Eg: We met face to face for the first time.
我们第一次见面是面对面的。
【派生词】 Face - to - face 为形容词，译为“面对面的”。
Eg: Online classes can’t replace face - to - face interaction with teachers.
网课无法替代与老师的面对面互动。
【知识拓展】 face可为可数名词，译为“脸、面部表情、外观”；face也可为动词，译为“面对、面向、正视”等。
Eg: The teacher had a serious face when entering the classroom.
老师走进教室时表情严肃。
The face of the clock is round.
钟的表面是圆形的。
We should face the difficulties bravely.
我们应该勇敢地面对困难。
She faced many challenges in her new job.
她在新的工作钟面临许多挑战。
He finally faced the fact that he had made a mistake.
他终于承认自己犯了一个错误。
【即学即用】
1.我更喜欢面对面交谈、而不是通过电子邮件交流。
I prefer to talk _______ ______ _______ rather than communicate via email.
答案：face to face
3.Text message （手机）短信息、短信
【用法讲解】 text message为可数名词，其复数形式为text messages。
Eg: She spends a lot time sending and receiving text messages every day.
她每天花很多时间收发短信。
【常见搭配】 send a text message 发送一条短信
Receive a text message 收到一条短信
Reply to a text message 回复一条短信
Eg: I often send text messages to my friends to keep in touch.
我经常给朋友们发短信来保持联系。
I received a text message from my mother asking me to come home early.
我收到妈妈的一条短信，让我早点回家。
He quickly replied to the text message he had just received.
他迅速回复了刚刚收到的短信。
【用法讲解】 message为可数名词，其复数形式为messages，还可译为“消息、通知”；message还可为动词，译为“通知、报信”等。
Eg: I received several messages this morning.
我今天早上收到了几条消息。
He messages me to tell the news.
他给我发消息来告诉我这个消息。
What is the message of the book
这本书的中心思想是什么？
【常见搭配】 Receive a message 收短信
Send a message 传递信息
Leave a message 留言
Eg: Their success sends a message that hard work pays off.
他们成功传递了努力工作会有回报的信息。
Would you like to leave a message for her
你想给他留个言吗？
【易混辨析】 Message、information与news的区别：
Information (不可数名词) “信息；消息”常指通过观察、学习、调查或交谈所获得的消息、情报及资料等。在表示信息数量时，可以用“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”的结构，也可用some/much/a little等修饰。
Message (可数名词)“消息；电报”；常指口头、书面、无线电等多种渠道传送的信息等。
News (不可数名词) “新闻”；常指通过电视、报纸、广播等新闻媒体向大众发布的各种最新消息。
Eg: You can search for the information on the Internet.
你可以在网上搜寻信息。
I can leave a message for you.
我可以为你捎个口信。
I have got good news for you.
我有好消息告诉你。
【即学即用】
1.许多手机公司提供各种短信服务套餐。
Many mobile phone companies offer various _______ ______ service packages.
( )2. We can use mobile phones to send _______.
A.message B. messages
C. information D. news
答案： 1. text message 2. BA
4.Sign (名词) 手势、迹象、标志；(动词) 签（名）、签字
【用法讲解】 sign作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为signs；sign作动词还可译为“签署、打手势”。
Eg: He made a sign with his hand to ask me to come over.
他用手势示意我过去。
There is a “No Parking” sign here.
这里有一个“禁止停车”的标志。
The dark clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云是下雨的征兆。
Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
They signed a contract yesterday.
他们昨天签订了一份合同。
He signed to me that it was time to leave.
他向我打手势表示该离开了。
【常见搭配】 show signs of ... 显示出...的迹象
Traffic sign 交通标志
Make a sign 做手势
Sign language 手语
Sign to sth. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
Eg: The plant shows signs of wilting.
这株植物显出枯萎的迹象。
We should follow the traffic signs when driving.
开车时我们应该遵守交通标志。
He made a sign to me to come over.
他向我做了个手势让我过去。
Some deaf - mute people communicate through sign language.
一些聋哑人通过手语交流。
The teacher signed to the students to be quiet.
老师示意学生们保持安静。
【即学即用】
1.The stop ________ (标志) was hidden by overgrown bushes.
答案：sign
5.Speaker (名词) 说话者、发言者
【用法讲解】 speaker为可数名词，其复数形式为speakers；还可译为“扬声器”。
Eg: The speaker at the conference gave a inspiring speech.
会议上的发言者发表了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
I can’t hear clearly. Could you turn up the volume on the speakers
我听不太清楚。你能把扬声器的声音调大吗？
【常见搭配】 main speaker 主要发言人、主讲人
Speaker box 音箱
Eg: The main speaker will start his speech in ten minutes.
主要发言者将在十分钟后开始演讲。
He bought a new speaker box for his music system.
他为他的音乐系统买了一个新音箱。
【派生词】 speak为动词，译为“演讲、发言”；
spoken为形容词，译为“口头的、说话的”。
Eg: It takes a long time to learn to speak a language well.
学会说好一种语言需要花很长时间。
We should pay more attention to spoken English in daily communication.
在日常交流中，我们应该更加注重英语口语。
【即学即用】
1. He ______ to the audience as a ________, sharing his experiences (speak) .
答案： spoke; speaker
6.Rehearsal (名词) 排演、排练
【用法讲解】 rehearsal为可数名词，其复数形式为rehearsals。
Eg: The actors had a long rehearsal yesterday to perfect their performance.
昨天演员们进行了长时间的排练，以完善他们的表演。
【常见搭配】 dress rehearsal 彩排
Rehearsal room 排练室、排练厅
Eg: The dress rehearsal for the ballet will be held tomorrow evening.
芭蕾舞的彩排将于明天晚上举行。
The band is practicing in the rehearsal room.
乐队正在排练室练习。
【即学即用】
1.The dance troupe had a long _________ (排练) yesterday to perfect their routine.
答案：rehearsal
7.Show sb. around 领某人参观
Eg: Our manager will show the clients around our company this afternoon.
我们的经理今天下午将带领客户参观我们公司。
【即学即用】
1.导游带领游客参观了这座古城。
The tour guide ________ the tourists _______ the ancient city.
答案：showed; around
8.Local (形容词) 当地的、地方的；(名词) 当地人、本地人
【用法讲解】 local作名词时，为可数名词，其复数形式为locals。
Eg: The local weather forecast predicts rain tomorrow.
当地天气预报预测明天有雨。
As a local, I know all the best places to eat in this town.
作为当地人，我知道这个镇上所有最好的吃饭地方。
The meeting starts at 10:00 AM local time.
会议于当地时间上午10点开始。
【常见搭配】 the locals 当地人
Local government 地方政府
Eg: Ask the locals for the best restaurant recommendations.
向当地人询问最佳餐厅推荐。
The local government announced new traffic regulations.
地方政府发布了新的交通法则。
【即学即用】
1.The l________ market offers fresh produce daily.
答案：local
9.Professor (名词) 教授
【用法讲解】 professor为可数名词，其复数形式为professors。
Eg: Many students dream of becoming a professor in the future.
许多学生梦想将来成为一名教授。
【常见搭配】 a professor of... 一名...的教授
Eg: She is a professor of mathematics.
她是一名数学教授。
【即学即用】
1.He’s a ___________ (教授) at Cambridge University.
答案：professor
10.In person 亲自、亲身
Eg: She will attend the meeting in person.
她将亲自参加会议。
【知识拓展】 person为可数名词，其复数形式为persons，译为“人、个人”。
Eg: Two persons are waiting for you outside.
有两个人在外面等你。
【派生词】 personal为形容词，译为“个人的”。
Eg: That’s my personal opinion.
这是我的个人意见。
【易混辨析】 person与people区别：
Person为可数名词，指代一个具体的人，强调个体性；
people为集合名词，指代两个人或更多人的群体，强调群体性。
Eg: She is a kind and considerate person.
她是一个善良体贴的人。
Many people attended the concert last night.
昨晚许多人参加了音乐会。
【即学即用】
1.她决定亲自去警察局报案。
She decided to go to the police station _______ ________ to report the crime.
答案：in person
11.Speech (名词) 演说、发言
【用法讲解】 speech为可数名词，其复数形式为speeches。
Eg: Her fluent speech impressed the audience.
她流利的语言能力给听众留下了深刻的印象。
【常见搭配】 give a speech 发表演讲
Make a speech 进行演讲
Eg: The president gave a speech at the opening ceremony.
总统在开幕式上发表了演讲。
She was nervous before making her first speech.
她在发表第一次演讲前很紧张。
【即学即用】
1.I feel embarrassed (尴尬的) when making ________ (speech) in public.
答案：speeches
12.Argue (动词) 争论、争吵
【常见搭配】 argue + that从句 争论...
Argue with/ against sb. (about sth.) 与某人就某事进行争论
Argue for sth. 支持某事
Argue sb. (out of/ into) sth. 说服某人放弃/接受某事
Can’t/ couldn’t argue with that ... 同意某人的观点、无法反驳
Eg: He argued that the plan was unfeasible.
他争辩说这个计划不可行。
They argue with each other about the best way to solve the problem.
他们就解决问题的最佳方法争论不休。
He argued for a more flexible working schedule.
他主张更灵活的工作时间表。
She argued me out of my original plan.
她说服我放弃了原来的计划。
She works hard and contributes a lot to the team -- I can’t argue with that.
她工作努力，为团队做出了很多贡献-- 我无法反驳这一点。
【派生词】 argument为名词，译为“争论”。
Eg: They had an argument over money.
他们为钱争吵。
【常见搭配】 have an argument (with sb.) (about sth.)
与某人就某事发生争论
Eg: They had a heated argument about the best way to solve the problem.
他们就解决问题的最佳方法发生了激烈的争论。
【即学即用】
1.She always seems to win every _________ (argue).
答案：argument
13.Make up (with sb.) 与...言归于好
【用法讲解】 make up还可译为“组成、编造、化妆”等。
Eg: I hope you can make up with your friend.
我希望你能和你的朋友言归于好。
Our class is made up of 40 students.
我们班由40名学生组成。
He made up an excuse for being late.
他为迟到编造了一个借口。
She spends a lot of time making up every morning.
她每天早上花很多时间化妆。
【即学即用】
1.他们上周大吵了一架，但昨天和解了。
They had a big fight last week, but they _______ _______ yesterday.
答案：made up
14.Prefer (动词) 较喜欢
【用法讲解】 Prefer后面可接名词、代词、动名词、不定式或that从句，从句中的谓语动词一般需要用现在时的虚拟语气；prefer不能与more或most连用。
Eg: I prefer that you should do it.
我希望你做这件事。
I prefer coffee. 我更喜欢咖啡。
【常见搭配】 prefer doing sth. 喜欢做某事
Prefer A to B 对A的喜好胜过B
Prefer doing A to doing B 与做B相比，更喜欢做A
Prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
Prefer to do A rather than do B 更喜欢做A而不是B
Eg: She prefers reading books.
她喜欢读书。
I prefer coffee to tea.
相对于茶，我更喜欢咖啡。
I prefer reading books to doing sports.
和运动比起来，我更喜欢读书。
I prefer to stay at home on weekends.
周末我更喜欢呆在家里。
I prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than go outside.
与到外面去玩比起来，我更喜欢在家里度周末。
【派生词】 preferred为形容词，译为“优先的、偏爱的”；
Preference为名词，译为“偏爱、偏爱的事”。
Eg: The company has given him preferred treatment.
公司给了他优惠待遇。
I have a preference for reading books in the evening.
我更偏爱在晚上读书。
【即学即用】
( )1. We prefer ________ by train rather than by bus.
A.travel B. to travel
C. traveling D. to traveling
答案： B
15.Calm (形容词) 镇静的、沉着的；(动词) 使平静、使镇静
【用法讲解】 calm在作形容词时，还可以为“无风的”；calm还可为名词，译为“平静、镇静”。
Eg: We enjoyed a calm day at the beach.
我们在海滩上度过了一个平静的日子。
We had a pleasant sail because the sea was calm.
我们航行得很愉快，因为海面很平静。
The mother tried to calm her crying baby.
母亲试图让哭闹的婴儿安静下来。
She lost her calm when she heard the bad news.
她听到这个坏消息时失去了镇定。
【常见搭配】 in calm 处于平静状态
Calm (sb.) down 使(某人)平静下来
Stay calm 保持冷静
Eg: After the storm, the lake was in calm.
暴风雨过后，湖面一片平静。
The teacher calmed the excited students down before the exam.
考试前，老师让激动的学生们平静下来。
When faced with difficulties, we should stay calm.
面对困难时，我们应该保持冷静。
【即学即用】
1.深呼吸，平静下来。
Take a deep breath and _______ _______.
答案：calm down
16.Worry about 为...担心
Eg: Don’t worry about the little things. They are not worth your anxiety.
别为小事担心。它们不值得你焦虑。
【知识拓展】 worry为动词，译为“担忧，发愁”；worry也可作名词，译为“忧虑、担心的事”。
Eg: He has a lot of worries at the moment.
他目前有许多烦恼。
【派生词】worried为形容词，译为“担心的”。
Eg: The worried employee stayed up late to finish the project on time.
忧虑的员工熬夜按时完成了项目。
【即学即用】
1.我的父母担心我的成绩。
My parents ______ ______ _______ my grades.
答案：are worried about
B部分
1.Expression (名词) 表达方式、表达
【用法讲解】 expression表示“表现、表达”时为可数名词，其复数形式为expressions；在表示“表情、脸色、态度”时为不可数名词。
Eg: He used a lot of expressions to make his speech more vivid.
他用了许多表达方式来让他的演讲更生动。
His face showed no expression of fear.
他的脸上显示出无畏的表情。
【常见搭配】 expression of sth. 对...的表达
Give expression to sth. 表达出...
Facial expression 棉布表情
Eg: Her expression of love moved everyone in the room.
她对爱的表达感动了房间里的每个人。
The poem gives expression to the poet’s deep sorrow.
这首诗表达了诗人深深的哀伤。
We can tell his feelings from his facial expression.
我们可以从他的面部表情看出他的感受。
【派生词】 express为动词，译为“表达、表示”；
expressive为形容词，译为“表现的、有表现力的”。
Eg: He always expresses his ideas clearly in meetings.
他在会议上总是清楚地表达自己的想法。
The dancer’s movements were very expressive, conveying a deep sense of sadness.
这位舞者的动作很有表现力，传达出一种深深的悲伤。
【即学即用】
1.The child had a happy ___________ (express) when playing with toys.
答案：expression
2.Chance (名词) 机会、可能性；(形容词) 意外的、偶然的
【用法讲解】 chance译为“机会”时是可数名词；译为“运气、可能性”时是不可数名词；chance还可作动词，译为“冒险、碰巧”。
Eg: We won’t get another chance of a holiday this year.
我们今年不会再有机会度假了。
Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight
有可能弄到今晚的票吗？
She was chancing her luck driving without a licence.
她无证驾驶，完全是在冒险。
It was a chance meeting that would change my life.
那次偶然的会面改变了我的一生。
【常见搭配】 by chance 偶然地、意外地
Take a chance 冒险、碰运气
Chance upon/ on 偶然发现、偶然遇到
Have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth. 有做某事的机会
Eg: I met her by chance at the airport.
我碰巧在机场遇见她。
I think we need to take a chance on him.
我觉得我们要给他次机会。
We were very lucky to chance on him in the reading room.
我们非常幸运在阅览室里遇到了他。
She has a chance to make a speech.
她有一个做演讲的机会。
【即学即用】
1.你有没有出去游览的机会？
Did you _______ ______ _______ _____ _______ any sightseeing
答案：have a chance to do
3.Meeting (名词) 会面、会议
【用法讲解】 meeting为可数名词，其复数形式为meetings。
Eg: The meeting lasted for two hours.
这次会议持续了两个小时。
【常见搭配】 have a meeting (with sb.) （和某人）开会
Eg: I have a meeting with the manager this afternoon.
今天下午我要和经理会面。
【派生词】 meet为动词，译为“相遇、见面、接待、满足”。
Eg: We are meeting with the client at 2 pm.
我们下午2点和客户见面。
I met an old friend in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
This product can meet the customers’ various needs.
这个产品能够满足顾客的各种需求。
My parents will meet me at the airport when I arrive.
我到达时，我父母会在机场迎接我。
We will meet for dinner tonight.
我们今晚将聚在一起吃晚餐。
【即学即用】
1.I have an important __________ (meet) to attend this afternoon.
答案： meeting
4.Difficulty (名词) 困难、难题
【用法讲解】difficulty为可数名词，译为“困难”，其复数形式为difficulties；difficult也可为不可数名词，表示抽象的困难或艰难。
Eg: I met a lot of difficulties.
我遇到了许多困难。
There is no difficulty in doing this task.
做这项任务没有困难。
【常见搭配】 Have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难
Eg: She had difficulty understanding the complex math problem.
她理解这个复杂的数学问题有困难。
【派生词】 difficult为形容词，译为“困难的、难以相处的”。
Eg: The exam was pretty difficult.
这场考试相当难。
He is a difficult person to work with.
他是一个难以相处的人。
【常见搭配】 It is difficult (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事很难
Eg: It is difficult for me to finish the work on time.
对我来说按时完成工作很难。
【即学即用】
1.We found the house without _________ (difficult).
答案： difficulty
5.Right away 立即、马上
【用法讲解】 right away在句中位置较灵活，也可以搭配多种时态。
Eg: Please send me the file right away.
请立刻把文件发给我。
She always responds to emails right away.
她总是立刻回复邮件。
【即学即用】
1.老师要求学生立刻交作业。
The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework _______ _______.
答案：right away
6.Line (名词) 字行、便条、线
【用法讲解】 line为可数名词，其复数形式为lines，还可译为“路线、界限、行业、台词”等；line还可作动词，译为“排成一行、用线标出、沿...排列”。
Eg: Draw a straight line on the paper.
在纸上画一条直线。
There was a long line of cars on the highway during the holiday.
假期期间高速公路上有一长排汽车。
Take the No. 10 bus line to get to the museum.
乘坐10路公交线路去博物馆。
The river is the dividing line between the two countries.
这条河是两国之间的分界线。
She works in the fashion line.
她在时尚行业工作。
The actor spent hours learning his lines.
这位演员花了几个小时背台词。
Please line the books up on the shelf neatly.
请把书整齐地排在书架上。
Line the paper with a pencil before writing.
写字前先用铅笔在纸上划线。
【常见搭配】 stand in a line 站成一排
Wait in line 排队等候
Cut in line 插队
The flight line 航线
The border line 边界线
Line up 排队
Eg: The students stood in a line to enter the classroom.
学生们站成一排进入教室。
People are waiting in line to buy tickets.
人们在排队买票。
Don’t cut in line, please.
请不要插队。
The plane is on its flight line to New York.
飞机正在飞往纽约的航线上。
The soldiers are guarding the border line.
士兵们在守卫边界线。
The students lined up for the assembly.
学生们排队参加集会。
【即学即用】
1.Please write your name in a straight ________ (线).
2.电影院门口总是有很多人排队等候买票。
There are always many people ________ ______ _______ at the movie theater entrance to buy tickets.
答案：1. line 2. waiting in line
7.Drop sb. a line 给...写信
Eg: She often drops her old friends a line to share her recent life.
她经常给老朋友们写封短信分享她最近的生活。
【即学即用】
1.我到巴黎后会给你写封短信，让你知道我平安无事。
I’ll ________ ______ ______ ______ when I arrive in Paris, so you know I’m safe.
答案：drop you a line
8.Detail (名词) 细节、详情
【用法讲解】 detail为可数名词，其复数形式为details；detail还可为动词，译为“仔细说明、选派”。
Eg: We need to discuss every detail of the plan.
我们需要讨论计划的每一个细节。
He told me the details of his trip.
他给我讲了他旅行的详情。
She spends a lot of time dealing with details at work.
她在工作中花很多时间处理琐事。
She detailed the steps of the experiment in her report.
她在报告中详细列举了实验的步骤。
She was detailed to organize the conference.
她被指派组织这次会议。
【常见搭配】 in detail 详细地
Detail sth. to sb. 向某人详细说明某事
Go into detail(s) 详细叙述、深入细节
Eg: He explained the problem in detail.
他详细地解释了这个问题。
The teacher detailed the rules to the students.
老师向学生详细说明了规则。
Let’s go into details about the project.
让我们详细谈谈这个项目。
【即学即用】
1.A good designer always pays attention to d________.
2.他向团队成员详细解释了这个计划。
He explained the plan ______ ________ to the team members.
答案： 1. details 2. in detail
9.Reunion (名词) 团聚、重逢、聚会
【用法讲解】 reunion为可数名词，其复数形式为reunions。
Eg: They planned a reunion after being apart for ten years.
他们分开十年后计划了一次重聚。
【常见搭配】 family reunion 家庭团聚
Class reunion 同学聚会
Eg: We have a family reunion every year during the Spring Festival.
每年春节我们都会举行一次家庭团聚。
I’m looking forward to the class reunion next month.
我期待着下个月的同学聚会。
【即学即用】
1.一年一度的家庭团聚在湖边小屋举行。
The annual ________ ________ is held at a lakeside cabin.
答案： family reunion
10.Seriously (副词) 严肃地、认真地
【用法讲解】 seriously作副词，还可译为“非常、极其”。
Eg: You should take this matter seriously.
你应该认真对待这件事。
I seriously doubt his ability to do the job.
我非常怀疑他做这份工作的能力。
She is thinking seriously about changing her job.
她正在认真考虑换工作。
【常见搭配】 take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
Be seriously wrong with sb./ sth. 某人/某物有严重问题
Eg: You must take your studies seriously.
你必须认真对待你的学业。
There is something seriously wrong with the machine.
这台机器有严重问题。
【派生词】 serious为形容词，译为“严肃的、严重的”。
Eg: He had a serious look on his face when he was talking about the company’s future.
当他谈论公司的未来时，脸上带着严肃的神情。
The lack of water is a serious problem in this area.
缺水是这个地区的一个严重问题。
【常见搭配】 be serious about sth. 对某事认真
Eg: She is serious about her music career and practices every day.
她对自己的音乐事业很认真，每天都练习。
【即学即用】
1.He spoke __________ (serious) about the importance of safety.
答案：seriously
11.Training (名词) 训练、培训
【用法讲解】 training为不可数名词；train还可以看作动词train的现在分词形式。
Eg: The company provides job training for new employees.
公司为新员工提供职业培训。
Regular training is good for your health.
定期锻炼对你的健康有好处。
She is training to be a doctor.
她正在接受培训以成为一名医生。
【常见搭配】 physical training 体能训练
Talent training 人才培养
Eg: Athletes need to do a lot of physical training to stay in good shape.
运动员需要进行大量的体能训练以保持良好的身体状态。
The company focuses on talent training to ensure a steady supply of skilled workers.
公司注重人才培养，以确保有稳定的熟练工人供应。
【派生词】 train为动词，译为“训练”；train还可为名词，译为“火车”。
Eg: The teacher trains the students to think critically.
老师培养学生批判性思维。
The train arrived at the station on time.
火车准时到达了车站。
【常见搭配】 by train 乘坐火车
Train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
Train one’s eyes on sth. 盯着某物看、注视着某物
Eg: We usually travel to Beijing by train.
我们通常乘火车去北京。
The coach trains the athletes to run faster.
教练训练运动员跑得更快。
She trained her eyes on the beautiful painting.
她盯着那副美丽 画看。
【即学即用】
1.The _________ (train) program will last for three months.
答案：training
12.Nervous (形容词) 担忧的、焦虑的、胆怯的
【用法讲解】 nervous在句中常作表语或定语。
Eg: I always feel nervous before an exam.
考试前我总是感到紧张。 （作表语）
He is a nervous person and gets worried easily.
他是个容易紧张的人，很容易担心。（作定语）
【常见搭配】 be nervous about ... 对...感到紧张
Make sb. nervous 使某人紧张
Eg: She is nervous about flying.
她对坐飞机感到紧张。
The loud noise made me nervous.
那巨大的噪音让我紧张。
【派生词】 nervously为副词，译为“紧张地”。
Eg: He tapped nervously on the table.
他紧张地敲打桌子。
【即学即用】
1.I always feel n_________ mood among the investors because of the unstable market.
2.他对工作面试感到紧张。
He was ________ _______ the job interview.
答案：1. nervous 2. nervous about
13.Stranger (名词) 陌生人
【用法讲解】 stranger为可数名词，其复数形式为strangers。
Eg: I met a stranger on the bus who told me an interesting story.
我在公交车上遇到一个陌生人，他给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
【常见搭配】 be a stranger to ... 对...陌生、不熟悉
Eg: She is a stranger to this city.
她对这个城市不熟悉。
The concept of quantum physics is a stranger to most people.
量子物理学的概念对大多数人来说都很陌生。
【派生词】 strange为形容词，译为“陌生的”。
Eg: I heard a strange sound coming from the attic last night.
昨晚我听到阁楼里传来奇怪的声音。
【常见搭配】 be strange to ... 对...来说很陌生
Eg: This kind of music is strange to me. I’ve never heard it before.
这种音乐对我来说很陌生。我以前从未听过。
【即学即用】
1.As a _________ (strange) in this city, I often feel lonely.
答案：stranger
14.Tip (名词) 指点、实用的提示、尖端；(动词) 倾斜、倒出、给小费
【用法讲解】 tip作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为tips，还可译为“小费”。
Eg: Here are some useful tips for learning English.
这里有一些学习英语的有用提示。
The tip of the pen is broken. 笔尖断了。
It’s customary to leave a tip for the waiter.
给服务员留小费是惯例。
He tipped the taxi driver a few dollars.
他给了出租车司机几美元小费。
The bottle tipped over and the water spilled out.
瓶子翻倒了，水洒了出来。
He tipped me on the shoulder to get my attention.
他轻轻碰了碰我的肩膀以引起我的注意。
【常见搭配】 on the tip of one’s tongue 话到嘴边却想不起来了
Tip over 翻到
Tip sb. off 向某人告密
Eg: Her name is on the tip of my tongue.
写那本书的是谁来着？名字就在我嘴边想不起来了！
The vase tipped over and broke.
花瓶翻倒摔碎了。
The journalist was tipped off about the political scandal by an insider.
记者从内部人士那里得到了有关政治丑闻的内幕消息。
【即学即用】
1.He t_______ the water 10% for excellent service.
答案：tipped
15.Carefully (副词) 认真地、仔细地、小心地
【用法讲解】 carefully在句中常用来修饰动词。
Eg: Read the instructions carefully before you start the experiment.
在开始实验前，仔细阅读说明。
【派生词】 careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”；
careless为形容词，译为“粗心的、马虎的”；
care为动词，译为“关心”。
Eg: The nurse was very careful when giving the patient an injection.
护士给病人打针时非常小心。
He is a careless driver.
他是一个粗心的司机。
I don't care that he’s late.
我不在乎他迟到。
【常见搭配】 be careful of/ about sth. 当心...
Be careful to do sth. 小心做某事
Eg: Be careful of dog, it sometimes bites people.
当心那条狗，它有时候咬人。
You must be careful to avoid being caught.
你必须小心，不要被抓到。
【即学即用】
1.请小心保管好你的东西。
Please _______ ________ _______ your things.
2.If you look _______ (careful) you can just see our house from here.
答案：1. be careful with 2. carefully
16.Show interest in sth. 对...表现出兴趣
Eg: They show interest in participating in the charity event.
他们对参加慈善活动表现出兴趣。
【即学即用】
1.游客们对当地的风俗和传统表现出兴趣，向导游问了很多问题。
The tourists _______ ______ ______ the local customs and traditions, asking the guide many questions.
答案：show interest in
C部分
1.Listener (名词) 听者
【用法讲解】 Listener为可数名词，其复数形式为listeners。
Eg: The speaker was very happy to see so many enthusiastic listeners in the hall.
演讲者很高兴看到大厅里有这么多热情的听众。
【派生词】 listen为动词，译为“听”。
Eg: We need to listen for the bell to know when the class is over.
我们需要留意铃声，以便知道什么时候下课。
【常见搭配】 listen to... 听...
Listen up 听好了
Eg: I often listen to music in my free time.
我经常在空闲时间听音乐。
Listen up, everyone! I have an important announcement to make.
大家听好了！我有一个重要的公告要宣布。
【即学即用】
1.She is always a good _________ (listen) when her friends need to talk.
答案：listener
2.Point (名词) 观点、重点；(动词) 指向、瞄准
【用法讲解】 point在此处为可数名词，其复数形式为points；还可译为“道理、核心内容”。
Eg: The point on the map indicates the location of the treasure.
地图上的点指示了宝藏的位置。
She made several important points during her presentation.
她在演讲中提出了几个重要的观点。
She pointed out the flaws in the plan.
她指出了计划中的缺陷。
【常见搭配】 at this point 在这个阶段
Make a point of sth. 特别重视某事
Point of view 观点、视角
Point in time 某个时刻
Point out 指出
Point to 指向
Point at ... 指某一物体，指向人时（有粗鲁或不礼貌之意）
Eg: At this point, we need to reassess our strategy.
在这个阶段，我们需要重新考虑我们的策略。
He made a point of arriving early.
他特别重视提前到达。
From my point of view, this is the best option.
就我看来，这是最好的选择。
We need to make a decision at this point in time.
我需要在某个时刻对其做出决定。
I’d like to point out the importance of teamwork.
我想要指出团队工作的重要性。
He pointed to the sky to show us the airplane.
他指向天空给我们看飞机。
The teacher pointed at the map and told me where Britain was.
老师指着地图告诉我英国在哪。
【即学即用】
( )1. He quickly pointed _______ a mistake.
A.out B. to
C. at D. with
答案：A
3.Surely (副词) 想必、必定
【用法讲解】 surely在句中常用来修饰动词或句子等。
Eg: This project will surely be a success.
这个项目肯定会成功。
Surely, you can’t be serious!
你肯定不是认真的吧！
【派生词】 sure为形容词，译为“确定的、肯定的、有把握的”；sure也可为副词，译为“当然”。
Eg: I’m sure of my answer.
我对我的答案很有把我。
【常见搭配】 Be sure + that从句 = be sure to do sth. “确信...”
Be sure about sth. “对某事确信”
Make sure 名词/that从句 确保、务必
Eg: I’m sure that I will pass the exam.
= I’m sure to pass the exam.
我确信通过考试。
Mare sure that you join the queue inside the bank.
在银行里一定要排队。
【即学即用】
( )1. I _____ my resolutions and I make sure I will try my best to keep them.
A.am sure B. sure about
C. am sure about D. am sure to
2.你一定要告诉你弟弟明天练习的事。
_______ ______ to give your brother the message about practice tomorrow.
3.His persistence will _______ (sure) lead to success.
答案：1. C 2. Make sure 3. surely
4.Continue (动词) 持续、继续做
Eg: He decided to continue with his plan.
我决定继续他的计划。
【常见搭配】 continue doing sth. 继续做某事（同一件事）
Continue to do sth. 继续做某事（完成一件事后做另一件事）
Eg: After a rest, he continues reading.
休息后他继续阅读。
She continued to work after her vacation.
休假后她继续工作。
【即学即用】
1.The meeting will c_________ until 5 pm.
答案：continue
5.Impolite (形容词) 不礼貌的、粗鲁的
【用法讲解】 impolite在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: His impolite behavior made everyone feel uncomfortable.
他的无礼行为让每个人都感到不舒服。
His behavior was impolite.
他的行为是不礼貌的。
【常见搭配】 It is impolite to do sth. 做某事是不礼貌的
Be impolite to sb. 对某人不礼貌
Eg: It is impolite to talk with your mouth full.
满嘴食物说话是不礼貌的。
You were impolite to your teacher.
你对老师不礼貌。
【派生词】 polite为形容词，译为“有礼貌的”。
Eg: Her polite behavior at the party impressed everyone.
她在聚会上的有礼貌行为给大家留下了深刻音箱。
【即学即用】
1.She felt embarrassed because of her _________ (polite) remark.
答案：impolite
6.Personal (形容词) 个人的、私人的
【用法讲解】 personal在句中常作定语。
Eg: In my personal opinion, this movie is worth watching.
在我个人看来，这部电影值得一看。
【常见搭配】 personal belongings 个人物品
Personal opinion 个人观点
Personal information 个人信息
Eg: Please take care of your personal belongings when you are in public places.
在公共场所时，请保管好你的个人物品。
This is just my personal opinion, and you can have your own view.
这只是我的个人观点，你可以有自己的看法。
We need to protect our personal information from being leaked.
我们需要保护我们的个人信息不被泄露。
【派生词】 person为可数名词，其复数形式为persons。
Eg: Two persons are waiting for you outside.
有两个人在外面等你。
【常见搭配】 in person 亲自、当面
Eg: The manager will attend the meeting in person.
经理将亲自参加会议。
【即学即用】
1.I use my __________ (person) computer for online shopping and watching videos.
答案：personal
7.Argue with sb. 与某人争论
Eg: They argue with each other about the best way to solve the problem.
他们就解决问题的最佳方法争论不休。
【知识拓展】 argue为动词，译为“争吵”。
【常见搭配】 argue + that从句 争论...
Argue for sth. 支持某事
Argue sb. (out of/ into) sth. 说服某人放弃/接受某事
Can’t/ couldn’t argue with that ... 同意某人的观点、无法反驳
Eg: He argued that the plan was unfeasible.
他争辩说这个计划不可行。
He argued for a more flexible working schedule.
他主张更灵活的工作时间表。
She argued me out of my original plan.
她说服我放弃了原来的计划。
She works hard and contributes a lot to the team -- I can’t argue with that.
她工作努力，为团队做出了很多贡献-- 我无法反驳这一点。
【派生词】 argument为名词，译为“争论”。
Eg: They had an argument over money.
他们为钱争吵。
【常见搭配】 have an argument (with sb.) (about sth.)
与某人就某事发生争论
Eg: They had a heated argument about the best way to solve the problem.
他们就解决问题的最佳方法发生了激烈的争论。
【即学即用】
1.别总是和父母争吵。他们只是想给你最好的。
Don't _______ _______ your parents all the time. They just want what’s best for you.
1.She always seems to win every _________ (argue).
答案：1. argue with 2. argument
8.Move on (to sth.) 换话题、开始做（别的事）
Eg: Let’s move on to the second agenda item.
我们接着讨论第二个议程项目。
【即学即用】
1.让我们换个新话题。
Let’s _______ ______ ______ a new topic.
答案：move on to
9.Sincere (形容词) 真诚的、诚实的
【用法讲解】 sincere在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: He gave a sincere apology for his mistake.
他为自己的错误真诚地道歉。
His gratitude was sincere.
他的感激是真诚的。
【派生词】 Sincerely为副词，译为“真诚地、诚实地”；
sincerity为名词，译为“真诚、诚挚”。
Eg: I sincerely hope you can come.
我真诚地希望你能来。
Her sincerity touched everyone in the room.
她的真诚感动了在场的每一个人。
【即学即用】
1.I would like to express my __________ (sincerity) thanks to all those who helped me.
答案：sincere
10.Find out 查明、弄清（情况）
Eg: We need to find out who broke the window.
我们需要弄清是谁打破了窗户。
【易混辨析】 find, find out及look for区别
find为动词，译为“找到；发现”，强调结果，后面需要跟宾语；
Find out译为“发现；查明；了解”，指经过一番努力后才发现结果；
Look for 译为“寻找”，强调找的动作
Eg: I looked for my ruler everywhere, but I can’t find it.
我到处找我的尺，但是我没有找到。
The police found out what happened last night.
警察了解了昨晚发生的事。
【即学即用】
( )1. The police are trying to ________ the lost boy.
A.look for B. look over
C. look after D. look through
答案： A
11.Pay (动词) 付款、交纳、偿还；(名词) 工资、薪水
【用法讲解】 Pay作名词时为不可数名词；pay作动词时其过去式为paid，过去分词为paid。
Eg: I need to pay the bill before leaving the restaurant.
离开餐厅前我需要支付账单。
He paid a high price for his mistake.
他为他的错误付出了高昂的代价。
Her monthly pay is not enough to cover her expenses.
她每月的工资不够支付她的开销。
【常见搭配】 pay for sth. 支付某物费用
Pay (sb.) 钱 for sth. 为某物支付金额
Pay back 偿还债务
pay in cash/ by card 支付方式（表示付现金或刷卡支付）
Pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意（做）某事
Eg: You need to pay for the meal before leaving the restaurant.
你需要在离开餐厅前付饭钱。
I paid the shopkeeper 50 yuan for the book.
我付给店主50元买这本书。
He promised to pay back the money he borrowed from me next week.
他答应下周还我借给他的钱。
70% of customers pay by credit card in this store.
这家商店70%的顾客刷卡支付。
Please pay attention to your spelling when you write.
你写字时请注意拼写。
【派生词】 payment为名词，译为“支付、付款”。
Eg: I received a payment confirmation for my order.
我收到了订单的付款确认。
The payment for the service was made online.
服务费用已在线支付。
【知识拓展】 四种花费
(1)花时间做某事
It + takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth.
= 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night.
= I spent an hour finishing my homework last night.
昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。
(2)花钱买某物
人spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物
Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike.
= I spent five hundred yuan on this bike.
= This bike cost me five hundred yuan.
我花500元买这辆自行车。
【即学即用】
1.Can I make a _________ (支付) with my credit card
( )2. They spend too much time ________ the report.
A.writing B. to write
C. on writing D. write
( )3. I _______ five pounds for this pair of glasses.
A.took B. cost
C. spent D. paid
答案：1. payment 2. A 3. D
12.Attention (名词) 注意、专心、关注
【用法讲解】 attention为不可数名词。
Eg: The teacher called the class to attention.
老师引起了全班的注意。
【常见搭配】 pay attention to ... 注意...
Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
Eg: Pay attention to the road while driving.
开车时要注意路况。
Pay attention to listening carefully please.
请注意认真听讲。
【即学即用】
1.请注意包装上的说明。
Please _______ _________ ______ the instructions on the package.
答案：pay attention to
13.Be yourself 行为自然、不做作
Eg: Don’t be afraid to express your opinions. Just be yourself.
不要害怕表达你的观点，做你自己就好。
【知识拓展】 yourself为反身代词，译为“你自己”，在句中常作宾语或同位语。
Eg: Please help yourself to some cake.
请随便吃些蛋糕。（作宾语）
You yourself can solve this problem.
你自己能解决这个问题。（作同位语）
【派生词】 yourselves为yourself的复数形式，译为“你们自己”；
you为人称代词，译为“你、你们”；
your为形容词性物主代词，译为“你的、你们的”；
Yours为名词性物主代词，译为“你的、你们的”。
Eg: You must decide for yourselves.
得由你们自己来决定。
You are my best friend.
你是我最好的朋友。
I don’t believe this is your idea.
我不相信这是你的主意。
This is not my book. Maybe it’s yours.
这不是我的书。也许是你的。
【常见搭配】 (all) by yourself 独自地、单独地
Help yourself to sth. 随便吃/喝/用某物
Let yourself go 尽情享受、放松
Be above yourself 趾高气扬、得意忘形
Behave yourself 表现得体/遵守规矩
Eg: I’m amazed you managed to move those boxes all by yourself.
你居然能一个人搬动那些盒子，真让我吃惊。
You are asked to help yourself to food.
请你自取食物。
It’s a party -- let yourself go!
这是个聚会 -- 尽情地玩吧！
Don’t be above yourself. You still have a long way to go.
不要得意忘形，你还有很长的路要走。
Behave yourself or I’ll give you a thick ear.
你放规矩一些，不然我就揍你。
【即学即用】
1.Don't forget to take care of ___________ (you).
2.做你自己，不要试图成为你不是的那个人。
________ ________, and don’t try to be someone you’re not.
答案：1. yourself 2. Be yourself
14.Offer (动词) 提供、主动提出；(名词) 主动提议、出价
【用法讲解】offer还可为名词，译为“邀请、提议、帮助、优惠、机会”等。
Eg: The company offered him a job with a good salary.
公司给他提供了一个薪水不错的工作。
She received a job offer from a tech company.
她收到了一家科技公司的工作邀请。
Thank you for your kind offer of help.
感谢你的善意帮助。
This products is on a 20% discount offer.
这个产品打八折优惠。
The company provides free training offers to new employees.
公司为新员工提供免费培训机会。
【常见搭配】 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 提供某人某物
Make/ put in an offer 提出报价
On offer 可买到、可使用
Eg: He offered a seat to the elderly lady.
= He offered the elderly lady a seat.
他给那位老奶奶让了座。
They made an offer on the house.
他们对这栋房子提出了报价。
Prizes worth more than $20,000are on offer.
奖品总值超过20，000美元，可供领取。
【易混辨析】 offer与provide区别:
offer通常指主动提供某物或某服务，带有一定的积极性和自愿性，与job、help等词搭配；
provide则更常用于提出计划、建议或观点，与with连用。
Eg: I offered to buy her lunch, but she declined.
我提出请她吃午饭，但她拒绝了。
They will provide us with eggs.
他们为我们提供鸡蛋。
【即学即用】
( )1. He _______ me a job, but I didn’t accept.
A.offers B. offered
C. provides D. provided
答案： B
15.Reasonable (形容词) 公平的、合理的
【用法讲解】 reasonable在句中可作定语或表语。
Eg: We need to make a reasonable plan for our vacation.
我们需要为我们的假期制定一个合理的计划。
It’s reasonable for you to take a break after working for a long time.
长时间工作后休息一下是合理的。
【常见搭配】 reasonable price 合理的价格
Reasonable time 合理的时间
Eg: This dress has a reasonable price.
这件衣服价格合理。
You should finish your homework within a reasonable time.
你应该在合理的时间内完成作业。
【派生词】 reason为名词，译为“原因、理由”；reason还可为动词，译为“推理、辩论”。
Eg: He left the party early for a reason.
他早早离开派对是有原因的。
He reasoned that if he started early, he would finish the work on time.
他推理出如果早点开始，就能按时完成工作。
【即学即用】
1.The company offered a _________ (reason) solution to the problem.
答案：reasonable
16.Social (形容词) 社会的、社交的；(名词) 联谊会、联欢会
【用法讲解】 social在作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为socials。
Eg: The worst effects of unemployment, low pay, and other social problems.
失业、低工资和其他社会问题造成的最坏影响。
We ought to organize more social events.
我们应该组织更多的社交活动。
The guests came from all social backgrounds for this social.
客人们来自各个社会阶层，参加这个社交聚会。
【常见搭配】 social media 社交媒体
social activities 社交活动
Eg: In the world of social media, there is no longer a “back stage”.
在社交媒体的世界里，已经不再有什么“后台”。
He enjoys taking part in various social activities in his free time.
他喜欢在空闲时间参加各种社交活动。
【派生词】 society为名词，译为“社会、社团”；
Socially为副词，译为“社交地”。
Eg: Society has changed a lot over the past few decades.
在过去的几十年里，社会发生了很大的变化。
The literary society organized a poetry reading event last week.
文学社团上周组织了一场诗歌朗诵活动。
He is very socially skilled, so he often feels awkward at parties.
他在社交方面不太擅长，所以在聚会上经常感到尴尬。
【即学即用】
1.社交媒体改变了我们交流和分享信息的方式。
______ _______ has changed the way we communicate and share information.
2.In modern ________ (social), technology is developing rapidly.
答案：1. Social media 2. society
D部分
1.Medium (名词) 媒介、手段
【用法讲解】 medium作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为media；medium还可为形容词，译为“中等的、适中的”。
Eg: The Internet has become an important medium for communication.
互联网已经成为一种重要的交流媒介。
The media are reporting on the latest political developments.
媒体正在报道最新的政治动态。
I’d like a medium sized pizza, please.
请给我来一个中等大小的披萨。
【常见搭配】 Social media 社交媒体
Of medium height 中等身高
Eg: She shares travel photos on social media every week.
她每周在社交媒体分享旅行照片。
He is of medium height.
他中等身高。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (medium) play an important role in shaping public opinion.
答案：media
2.Trust (名词/动词) 信任、相信
【用法讲解】 trust为不可数名词。
Eg: Mutual trust is the foundation of a good relationship.
相互信任是良好关系的基础。
I trust her completely.
我完全信任她。
【常见搭配】 have trust in sb. 信任某人
Lose trust in sb. 对某人失去信任
Trust sb. to do sth. 相信某人会做某事
Trust in sb./ sth. 信任某人/某物
Trust that 从句 相信...
Eg: I have complete trust in my best friend.
我完全信任我最好的朋友。
He lost trust in his colleague after the incident.
这件事之后，他对同事失去了信任。
I trust you to finish the job on time.
我相信你会按时完成这项工作。
We should trust in our own abilities.
我们应该相信自己的能力。
I trust that everything will go well.
我相信一切都会顺利。
【派生词】 trusty为形容词，译为“可靠的、可信赖的”；
trustworthy为形容词，译为“值得信任的”。
Eg: This old tool is very trusty; I’ve used it for years.
这个旧工具非常可靠，我已经用了好多年了。
He is a trustworthy person, and you can share your secrets with him.
他是个值得信赖的人，你可以和他分享你的秘密。
【即学即用】
1.She _________ (信任) he assistant completely.
答案：trusts
3.Keep (...) away from... （使）远离、避免...靠近
Eg: Keep away from the fire! It’s very dangerous.
远离火！这非常危险。
Please keep your dog away from my garden.
请让你的狗远离我的花园。
【即学即用】
1.请把尖锐物品放在婴儿接触不到的地方。
_______ sharp objects _______ ______ babies.
答案：Keep; away from
4.Misunderstanding (名词) 误解、误会
【用法讲解】 misunderstanding为可数名词，其复数形式为misunderstandings。
Eg: There was a serious misunderstanding between us, so we had a big argument.
我们之间有一个严重的误解，所以我们大吵了一架。
Cultural differences may lead to misunderstandings.
文化差异可能导致误解。
【常见搭配】 clear up a misunderstanding 清除误解、澄清误会
Eg: We need to sit down and clear up this misunderstanding as soon as possible.
我们需要尽快坐下来消除这个误解。
【派生词】 misunderstand为动词，译为“误解”；
understand为动词，译为“理解”。
Eg: Don’t misunderstand me -- I am grateful for all you’ve done.
别误解我的意思-- 我对你所做的一切都很感激。
I quite understand that you need some time alone.
我很理解你需要独自静一会。
【即学即用】
1.There was a ____________ (misunderstand) between us about the schedule.
答案：misunderstanding
5.Event (名词) 公开活动、重要事情
【用法讲解】 event为可数名词，其复数形式为events。
Eg: In the Olympic Games, each event has its own rules and requirements.
在奥运会上，每个比赛项目都有自己的规则和要求。
【常见搭配】 in the event of ... 万一发生...、如果...
In that event 如果出现那种情况
In any event 无论如何
Eg: In the event of a fire, follow the emergency exits.
如遇火宅，按紧急出口撤离。
The flight may be delayed by fog. In that event, passengers will receive meal vouchers.
航班可能因大雾延误，届时乘客将获得餐券。
In any event, the safety protocols should never be compromised.
无论如何都不应违反安全规程。
【即学即用】
1.The _______ (活动) was voted a great success by the audience.
答案：event
6.Take place 发生、进行
Eg: The annual sports meeting will take place next week.
年度运动会将于下周举行。
【易混辨析】 happen和take place的区别
happen通常用于描述偶然或突发性事件，强调事件的不可预测性和偶然性；
Take place通常用于描述按计划或安排发生的事件，强调事件的计划性和预谋性。
Eg: An accident happened yesterday.
昨天发生了一起事故。
The meeting will take place next Monday.
会议将在下周一举行。
【即学即用】
( )1. An accident _____ in the small town yesterday.
A.take place B. happened
C. was happened D. took place
2.地震发生在午夜，造成了很大的破坏。
The earthquake ______ ______ at midnight, causing a lot of damage.
答案： 1. B 2. took place
7.Cost (名词) 费用、价钱、代价；(动词) 价格为、使损失、使付出努力
【用法讲解】cost作动词，还可译为“花费、估价”等；cost在表示“具体费用”时为可数名词，其复数形式为costs；cost在表示“抽象费用、代价”时为不可数名词。
Eg: It must cost a good deal to live here.
住在这里一定要花很多钱的。
The work was costed by the engineer at $50,000.
这项工程据工程师估价为50000美元。
The book cost me 100 yuan.
这本书花了我一百元。
The cost of living in this city is very high.
在这个城市生活的成本很高。
The cost of success is hard work and dedication.
成功的代价是努力工作和奉献精神。
【常见搭配】 at the cost of... 以...为代价
It costs + 金额 + to do sth. 做某事需要花费...
At cost 按成本价
Eg: She got promoted at the cost of her personal time.
她以牺牲个人时间为代价获得晋升。
It costs $20 to enter the museum.
进入博物馆需要花费20美元。
The store sold damaged goods at cost.
商店以成本价出售受损商品。
【知识拓展】 四种花费
1.花时间做某事
It + takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth.
= 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night.
= I spent an hour finishing my homework last night.
昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。
2.花钱买某物
人spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物
Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike.
= I spent five hundred yuan on this bike.
= This bike cost me five hundred yuan.
我花500元买这辆自行车。
【即学即用】
( )1. -- What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive.
-- No, they only ______ 10 yuan.
A.spend B. take
C. pay D. cost
1.他以健康为代价取得了成功。
He succeeded _____ ______ ______ _____ his health.
答案： 1. D 2. at the cost of
8.Opportunity (名词) 机会、时机
【用法讲解】 opportunity为可数名词，其复数形式为opportunities。
Eg: This is a great opportunity for me to learn new skills.
这对我来说是一个学习新技能的绝佳机会。
【常见搭配】 have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
Make the most of an opportunity 充分利用机会
Take an opportunity 抓住机会
Eg: I have an opportunity to visit Paris next month.
我下个月有机会去巴黎参观。
You should make the most of this opportunity to improve yourself.
你应该充分利用这个机会来提升自己。
He took the opportunity to network at the conference.
他在会议上抓住机会拓展人脉。
【即学即用】
1.The conference provided many ___________ (opportunity) for networking.
答案：opportunities
9.Benefit (动词) 对...有用、使受益；(名词) 益处、成效
【用法讲解】 benefit作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为benefits。
Eg: Regular exercise has many health benefits.
定期锻炼有很多健康益处。
This new policy will benefit the poor.
这项新政策将使穷人受益。
The warm climate benefits the growth of plants.
温暖的气候有利于植物的生长。
【常见搭配】 Benefit... from... 从...获益
For the benefit of ... 为了...的利益
Of benefit to ... 对...有益
Eg: Students can benefit from attending extra - curricular activities.
学生可以从参加课外活动中受益。
We organized this event for the benefit of the children.
我们组织这个活动是为了孩子们的利益。
This book is of great benefit to students.
这本书对学生非常有益。
【派生词】 beneficial为形容词，译为“有益的、有利的”。
Eg: A balanced diet is beneficial for maintaining good health.
均衡的饮食对保持身体健康有益。
【即学即用】
1.学生可以从阅读经典书籍中受益匪浅。
Students can _______ a lot _______ reading classic books.
2.Reading books is _________ (benefit) to broaden our knowledge.
答案：1. benefit; from 2. beneficial
10.Reply (名词/动词) 回答、回复
【用法讲解】 reply为可数名词，其复数形式为replies。
Eg: We are waiting for a reply from them.
我们正在等待他们的答复。
We received many positive replies.
我们收到了许多积极回复。
She replied to my question immediately.
她立刻回答了我的问题。
【常见搭配】 reply to sb./ sth. 回复某人/某事
Make a reply to... 对...做出回答
In reply to... 作为对...的回答
Eg: He replied to my question with a detailed explanation.
他用详细的解释回答了我的问题。
He made a reply to the criticism with a well - written article.
他用一篇写得很好的文章对批评做出了回应。
In reply to your inquiry, we are sending you the latest catalog.
作为对你的询问的回应，我们给你寄去最新的目录。
【即学即用】
1.教授详细回答了所有问题。
The professor _______ _______ all questions in detail.
2.The company sent out 100 invitations but got only 5 ________ (reply).
答案：1. replied to 2. replies
11.Honour (名词) 荣幸、尊敬；(动词) 给...荣誉、表彰
【用法讲解】 honour在表示“荣誉、尊严”时为不可数名词，honour在表示“奖项、头衔或具体荣誉事或人”时为可数名词，其复数形式为honours。
Eg: To lose honour is worse than to lose life.
失去荣誉比失去生命更重要。
It's a great honour to receive that prize.
能获得那个奖是极大的荣耀。
We should honour our heroes who sacrificed for the country.
我们应该尊敬为国家牺牲的英雄们。
【常见搭配】 in honour of ... 为向...表示敬意、为纪念、为庆祝...
Have the honour of doing/ to do sth. 有荣幸做某事
Honour an agreement 履行协议
Honour a commitment 信守承诺
On one’s honour 以名誉担保
Guest of honour 主宾
Honour student 优等生
Eg: They held a party in honour of their teacher’s retirement.
他们为庆祝老师的退休举办了一个派对。
May I have the honour of dancing with you
= May I have the honour to dance with you
你能有幸和你跳支舞吗？
Both parties should honour the agreement to ensure the smooth progress of the project.
双方都应该履行协议，以确保项目的顺利进行。
A man of honour would always honour his commitment.
一个有荣誉感的人总是会信守自己的承诺。
I’m on my honour not to reveal the secret.
我以名誉担保不泄密。
The guest of honour arrived late.
主宾到场较晚。
She was named an honour student this year.
她今年被评为优等生。
【派生词】 honourable为形容词，译为“可敬的、值得尊敬的”；
dishonour为动词，译为“使蒙羞、使丢脸”。
Eg: He is an honourable man who always keeps his promises.
他是个可敬的人，总是信守诺言。
His dishonest behaviour dishonoured his family.
他的不诚实行为使他的家庭蒙羞。
【即学即用】
1.雕像为纪念科学家而立。
The statue was erected ______ ______ ______ the scientist.
2.The soldier fought with courage and _________ (荣誉感)
答案：1. in honour of 2. honour
12.Opening (形容词) 开篇的、开始的；(名词) 开始、孔、洞
【用法讲解】 opening作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为openings；opening也可以是动词open的现在分词形式。
Eg: The opening paragraph of the book is very interesting.
这本书的开头段落非常有趣。
The opening of the new school year is always exciting.
新学年的开端总是令人兴奋。
There are several job openings in our company.
我们公司有几个职位空缺。
【常见搭配】 opening remarks 开场白
Opening ceremony 开幕式
Opening hours 营业时间
Opening day 首映日/开业日
At the opening 在...开始时
Eg: The chairman made some opening remarks at the conference.
主席在会议上发表了一些开场白。
The Olympic opening ceremony was spectacular.
奥运会开幕式非常壮观。
The museum’s opening hours are 9am to 5pm.
博物馆开放时间为上午9点到下午5点。
The store’s opening day drew large crowds.
商店开业日吸引了很多人。
At the opening of the party, everyone stood up and cheered.
在派对开始时，每个人都站起来欢呼。
【即学即用】 open为动词，译为“打开”；open也可为形容词，译为“开放的、开着的”。
Eg: Open your book and turn to Page 10.
打开你的书翻到第10页。
The shop is open from 8 am to 10 pm.
商店从早上8点到下午10点开门。
【即学即用】
1.We attended the _________ (open) performance of the festival.
答案： opening
13.Closing (形容词) 结尾的、结束的；(名词) 停业、关闭
【用法讲解】 closing作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为closings；close还可为动词close的现在分词形式。
Eg: The closing chapter of the book is very touching.
这本书的结尾章节非常感人。
The closing of the meeting was marked by a round of applause.
会议在一片掌声中结束。
She is closing the window because it’s getting cold outside.
她正在关窗户，因为外面变冷了。
【常见搭配】 closing remarks 结束语、闭幕词
Closing ceremony 闭幕式
At the closing 在...结束时
Eg: The principal made some closing remarks at the graduation ceremony.
校长在毕业典礼上发表了一些结束语。
The Olympic closing ceremony featured colourful performances.
奥运会闭幕式有丰富多彩的表演。
At the closing of the exhibition, the organizer thanked all the participants.
在展览结束时，组织者感谢了所有参与者。
【派生词】 close可为动词，译为“关闭、靠近”；close还可为形容词，译为“靠近的、亲密的”。
Eg: Please close the window. It’s very cold outside.
请关上窗户，外面很冷。
We live in a close neighbourhood.
我们住在一个邻近的社区。
They have a close family relationship.
他们有亲密的家庭关系。
【即学即用】
1.We attended the ________ (close) ceremony of the festival.
答案：closing
14.Sentence (名词) 句子、判决；(动词) 判决、宣判
【用法讲解】 sentence为可数名词，其复数形式为sentences。
Eg: The teacher wrote a sentence on the blackboard.
老师在黑板上写了一个句子。
The judge announced a life sentence for the murderer.
法官宣布对谋杀犯判处终身监禁。
The court sentenced him to life imprisonment.
法院判处他终身监禁。
【常见搭配】 make some sentences 造个句子
Sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑
Eg: My English teacher lets us make some sentences every day.
我们英语老师每天让我们造句子。
The judge sentenced him to death.
法官判处他死刑。
【即学即用】
1.A ________ (句子) can be divided up into meaningful segments.
答案：sentence
15.Date (名词) 日期、日子；(动词) 确定年代、注明日期
【用法讲解】 date作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为dates，还可译为“约会、年代”。
Eg: What’s the date today
今天几号？
I have a date with my girlfriend tonight.
我今晚和女朋友有个约会。
This artifact dates from the Ming Dynasty.
这件文物可追溯到明朝。
Please date the letter before you send it.
寄信前注明日期。
【常见搭配】 out of date 过时的、过期的
Up to date 最新的、现代的
Date from ... 追溯到、始于
Set a date for 为...确定日期
Eg: This fashion style is out of date.
这种时尚风格过时了。
We need to keep our knowledge up to date.
我们需要使我们的知识保持最新。
The castle dates from the 14th century.
这座城堡建于14世纪。
They have set a date for their wedding.
他们已经确定了婚礼的日期。
【派生词】 dated为形容词，译为“过时的、陈旧的”。
Eg: This dated fashion makes her look out of place among the young people.
这种过时的时尚让她在年轻人中显得格格不入。
【即学即用】
1.这幅画起源于19世纪初。
This painting _______ ______ the early 19th century.
答案： dates from
16.Clause (名词) 从句、分句
【用法讲解】 clause为可数名词，其复数形式为clauses，还可译为“条款”。
Eg: The main clause of the sentence is “I will go to the park.”.
这个句子的主句是“我将去公园。”
We need to carefully review every clause in the contract.
我们需要仔细审查合同中的每一个条款。
【即学即用】
1.There are some important ________ (clause) in this contract.
答案：clauses

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